Chapter 1 - Background of the Germany warfare technology

Technology during World War I (1914–1918) reflected a trend toward industrialism and the application
of mass-production methods to weapons and to the technology of warfare in general. This trend began at
least fifty years prior to World War I during the American Civil War of 1861–1865, and continued through
many smaller conflicts in which soldiers and strategists tested new weapons. World War I weapons
included types standardized and improved over the preceding period, together with some newly developed
types using innovative technology and a number of improvised weapons used in trench warfare. Military
technology of the time included important innovations in machine guns, grenades, and artillery, along with
essentially new weapons such as submarines, poison gas, warplanes and tanks. Trench warfare led to the
development of the concrete pill box, a small, hardened blockhouse that could be used to deliver machine
gun fire. Pillboxes could be placed across a battlefield with interlocking fields of fire. Because attacking an
entrenched enemy was so difficult, tunnel warfare became a major effort during the war. Once enemy
positions were undermined, huge amounts of explosives would be planted and detonated as part
preparation for an overland charge. Sensitive listening devices that could detect the sounds of digging were
a crucial method of defense against these underground incursions. The British proved especially adept at
these tactics, thanks to the skill of their tunnel-digging "sappers" and the sophistication of their listening
devices. Clothing the British and German armies had already changed from red coat (British army) (1902)
or Prussian blue (1910) for field uniforms, to less conspicuous khaki or field gray. Adolphe
Messimy, Joseph Gallieni and other French leaders had proposed following suit, but the French army
marched to war in their traditional red trousers, and only began receiving the new "horizon blue" ones in
1915. Artillery in the 19th century, Britain and France exploited the rapid technical developments
in artillery to serve a War of Movement. Such weapons served well in the colonial wars of that century, and
served Germany very well in the Franco-Prussian War, but trench warfare was more like a siege, and
called for siege guns. Field artillery entered the war with the idea that each gun should be accompanied
by hundreds of shells, and armories ought to have about a thousand on hand for resupply. This proved
utterly inadequate when it became commonplace for a gun to sit in one place and fire a hundred shells or
more per day for weeks or months on end. To meet the resulting Shell Crisis of 1915, factories were hastily
converted from other purposes to make more ammunition. Railways to the front were expanded or built,
leaving the question of the last mile. Horses in World War I were the main answer, and their high death rate
seriously weakened the Central Powers late in the war. In many places the newly invented trench
railways helped. The new motor trucks as yet lacked pneumatic tires, versatile suspension, and other
improvements that in later decades would allow them to perform well. The majority of casualties inflicted
during the war were the result of artillery fire. Poison gas is a Chemical weapon were first used
systematically in this war. Chemical weapons in World War I included phosgene, tear
gas, chlorarsines and mustard gas. Command and Controls in the early days of the war, generals tried to
direct tactics from headquarters many miles from the front, with messages being carried back and forth
by couriers on motorcycles. It was soon realized that more immediate methods of communication were
needed. Radio sets of the period were too heavy to carry into battle, and field telephone lines laid were
quickly broken. Either one was subject to eavesdropping, and trench codes were not very satisfactory.
Runners, flashing lights, and mirrors were often used instead; dogs were also used, but were only used
occasionally as troops tended to adopt them as pets and men would volunteer to go as runners in the dog's
place. There were also aircraft (called "contact patrols") that carried messages between headquarters and
forward positions, sometimes dropping their messages without landing. Technical advances in radio,
however, continued during the war and radio telephony was perfected, being most useful for airborne
artillery spotters. Railways dominated in this war as in no other. The German strategy was known
beforehand by the Allies simply because of the vast marshaling yards on the Belgian border that had no
other purpose than to deliver the mobilized German army to its start point. War of Attrition the countries
involved in the war applied the full force of industrial mass-production to the manufacture of weapons and
ammunition, especially artillery shells. Women on the home-front played a crucial role in this by working in
munitions factories. This complete mobilization of a nation's resources, or "total war" meant that not only
the armies, but also the economies of the warring nations were in competition. Air Warfare aviation in
World War I started with primitive aircraft, primitively used. Technological progress was swift, leading to
ground attack, tactical bombing, and highly publicized, deadly dogfights among aircraft equipped with
forward-firing, synchronized machine guns from July 1915 onwards. Mobility in the early days of the
war, armored cars armed with machine guns were organized into combat units, along with cyclist
infantry and machine guns mounted on motor cycle sidecars. Though not able to assault entrenched
positions, they provided mobile fire support to infantry, and performed scouting, reconnaissance, and other
roles similar to cavalry. After trench warfare took hold of major battle-lines, opportunities for such vehicles
greatly diminished, though they continued to see use in the more open campaigns in Russia and the Middle
East. Tanks had been suggested as early as the 1890s, authorities showed little more than a passing
interest in them until the trench stalemate of World War I caused reconsideration. In early 1915, the
British Royal Navy and French industrialists both started dedicated development of tanks. Submarines
world War I was the first conflict in which submarines were a serious weapon of war. In the years shortly
before the war, the relatively sophisticated propulsion system of diesel power while surfaced and battery
power while submerged was introduced. Their armament had similarly improved, but few were in service.
Small arms infantry weapons for major powers were mainly bolt-action rifles, capable of firing ten or more
rounds per minute. German soldiers carried Gewehr 98 rifle in 8mm mauser, the British carried the Short
Magazine Lee–Enfield rifle, and the US military employed the M1903 Springfield and M1917 Enfield. Rifles
with telescopic sights were used by snipers, and were first used by the Germans. Grenades proved to be
effective weapons in the trenches. When the war started, grenades were few and poor. Hand grenades
were used and improved throughout the war. Contact fuzes became less common, replaced by time fuzes.
Flamethrowers the Imperial German Army deployed flamethrowers (Flammenwerfer) on the Western
Front attempting to flush out French or British soldiers from their trenches. Introduced in 1915, it was used
with greatest effect during the Hooge battle of the Western Front on 30 July 1915.
Chapter 2 – Enumerate the difference latest of the warfare or powerful
technology

Rheinmetall transfers MANTIS air defence system

MANTIS is based on tried-and-tested Oerlikon Skyshield air defence technology. It is designed to protect
military installations and critical civilian infrastructure from aerial threats coming in at low altitude,
including manned and unmanned aircraft. First and foremost, however, what sets MANTIS apart is its
ability to neutralize incoming rockets, artillery and mortar rounds - the so-called RAM threat. Moreover,
MANTIS can be deployed to defend national territory and allied nations or in military operations other than
war (MOOTW). In conflict and post-conflict situations, it can be used to protect Bundeswehr forward
operating bases and other facilities from attacks of the kind directed against ISAF installations in
Afghanistan, for instance.

LEOPARD 2a7

The Leopard 2A7+ battle tank is built based on the Leopard 2 MBT and employs digitised technology and
multifunctional user concept for improved sustainability. The turret and chassis of the Leopard 2A7+ are
fitted with a cooling system. The modular design of the tank allows high-intensity operations in urban
environments. The battle tank has a length of around 10.97m, width up to 4m and a turret roof height of
2.64m. The vehicle weighs 67,500kg and can be controlled by a crew of four. Its exterior is incorporated
with a communication interface to enable interaction between the dismounted soldiers.
The Panzerkampfwagen VI (Tiger Tank)

The tank’s modern reputation as a fast, hard-hitting, deadly war chariot is largely due to the German
Army’s use of the tank in the early years of World War II. Although first invented by the British in World
War I, the Wehrmacht and SS took the tank to its logical conclusion, in doing so swinging the pendulum of
war from defense as the dominant form of warfare back to the offense. Although the bulk of German tank
forces was composed of smaller tanks such as the Panzerkampfwagen III and IV, the Panzerkampfwagen VI
—or Tiger tank—was designed to be the decisive factor on the armored battlefield.

Schützenpanzerwagen (Sd Kfz 251)

The Sd.Kfz. 251 was designed to transport the Panzergrenadier (German mechanized infantry) into battle.
Sd.Kfz. 251s were the most widely produced German half-tracks of the war, with at least 15,252 vehicles
and variants produced by seven manufacturers. Some sources state that the Sd.Kfz. 251 was commonly
referred to simply as "Hanomags" by both German and Allied soldiers after the manufacturer of the vehicle
this has been questioned, and may have been only a postwar label.
Type 212 submarine

The German Type 212 class (German: U-Boot-Klasse 212 A), also Italian Todaro class, is

a diesel-electric submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for
the German and Italian navies. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent
propulsion (AIP) system using Siemen’s proton exchange membrane (PEM) compressed
hydrogen fuel cells. The submarines can operate at high speed on diesel power or switch to the
AIP system for silent slow cruising, staying submerged for up to three weeks with little exhaust
heat. The system is also said to be vibration-free, extremely quiet and virtually undetectable.

Baden-Württemberg-class frigate

The F125 Baden-Württemberg-class frigates are a series of frigates of the German Navy, which

were designed and constructed by ARGE F125, a joint-venture of Thyssen-Krupp and Lürssen.
The Baden-Württemberg class have the highest displacement of any class of frigate worldwide.
They are to replace the Bremen class. They are primarily designed for low and medium intensity
maritime stabilization operations, where they are supposed to provide sea-to-land tactical fire
support, asymmetric threat control at sea and support of special forces.
Brandenburg-class frigate

The F123 Brandenburg class is a class of German frigate. They were ordered by the German Navy in

June 1989 and completed and commissioned between 1994 and 1996, replacing the Hamburg-
class destroyers. The ships primarily carry out anti-submarine warfare (ASW), but they also contribute to
local anti-aircraft defenses, the tactical command of squadrons, and surface-to-surface warfare operations.
Together with the F124 Sachsen class frigates, they are the mainstay of the German surface fleet.

Bremen-class frigate

The eight F122 Bremen-class frigates of the German Navy are a series

of frigates commissioned between 1982 and 1990. The design is based on the proven and
robust Dutch Kortenaer class but uses a different propulsion system and hangar lay-out. The ships were
built for anti-submarine warfare as a primary task although they are not fitted with towed array sonars. They
are also equipped for anti-surface warfare, while having anti-aircraft warfare point defences.

Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV)

The HX family is an operationally proven, cost-effective mobility truck system class. HX vehicles integrate military off
the shelf (MOTS) components and are designed to support military operations, with the capability to provide high
mobility and reliability in difficult terrains.
CHAPTER 3: Research the rank standing of the country and why they are
in that rank.

The German economy is the fourth-largest in the world with a GDP of $4.0 trillion. Germany
has a GDP (PPP) of $4.44 trillion and a per capita GDP of $46,560, the 18th –highest in the world.
Germany’s highly developed social market economy is Europe’s largest and strongest economy
and has one of the most skilled workforces. Germany accounted for 28 percent of the euro area
economy, according to the International Monetary Fund. Car manufacturing, machinery, home
equipment, and chemicals are among Germany's significant industries. The economy suffered a
substantial setback following the 2008 financial crisis due to its reliance on capital goods exports.
Due to the Internet and the digital age, the German economy is currently in the midst of its fourth
industrial revolution. This change is known as Industry 4.0, and it encompasses solutions,
processes, and technologies, as well as the usage of IT and a high degree of system networking
in factories.

Germany's growing economy, which is the fourth largest in the world and the largest in Europe, is
based on the export of high-quality manufactured goods. Other European countries and the
United States have criticized Germany for its low defense spending and the construction of a
second natural gas pipeline link with Russia. Germany is one of the world's largest exporters, with
goods and services valued $1810.93 billion in 2019. The service sector accounts for over 70% of
total GDP, industry for 29.1%, and agriculture for 0.9 percent. Exports accounted for 41% of total
production. The German economies competitiveness and global networking can be attributed to its
high level of innovation and strong export orientation. Exports make for well over half of overall
sales in high-selling sectors like car manufacturing, mechanical and plant engineering, the
chemicals industry, and medical technology.
CHAPTER 4- Conclusion Discussed the advantage and difference between
other countries in rank.

German Trade and Comparative Advantage

The primary source of Germany's economic comparative advantages lies with advanced manufacturing
products, and a strategic focus on an information-based society. German engineered and manufactured
products benefit from a global appeal for both quality and design. While other countries focus on cost
cutting and lower labor costs, German manufacturing remains competitive through product innovation and
increased labor productivity. While German labor costs are as much as 30% higher than the United States,
manufacturing remains both a steady and robust employer. Specific advanced manufacturing industries
that benefit from increased trade are automobiles, equipment, and renewable energy products. The
following is a brief breakdown of target markets for each of these trade products.

Germany advantage economic has a mixed economy. It allows a free market economy in consumer goods
and business services. But the government imposes regulations even in those areas to protect its citizens.
Germany has a command economy in defense since everyone receives the benefit, while those with higher
incomes pay more in taxes.

Germany the world's most sustainable country

Germany has shown its commitment to renewable energy and protecting the environment. It has long
been at the forefront of pioneering new technology to help in the war against fossil fuels, CO2 emissions,
and pollution, and its dedicated garbage recycling system is one of the most thorough in the world.

Living in Germany can be a beautiful experience as it has a very high quality of life and it boasts for having
the largest economy in whole Europe. Furthermore, unemployment is reducing on a month-to-month
basis, exceeding historic records. Germany has many great characteristics, however, like any other country,
there are some advantages and limitations to living in Germany. From our experience and other expats’,
the pros, more often than not, outweigh the cons. Below we give you some of the top benefits
encountered by expats living in Germany.

Pro: Public Transport

Germany is home to some of the nicest roads in Europe and it can be a heaven on earth for car enthusiasts,
however, in reality you do not even need a car due to the country’s highly efficient transport network. The
public transport in Germany is excellent, whether you opt for the bus, tram or train.

Leading Economy
Germany is Europe's economic engine. Investors profit from the economic performance of the world's
fourth largest economy. They also offer a large domestic market and easy access to growing markets in the
enlarged European Union.

Global Player
Germany is the world’s number three exporter, neck and neck with China and the US after six years at the
top spot. And with EUR 469 billion FDI, they also proved to be an investment magnet and one of the top
regions for foreign investors

High Productivity
One of the highest productivity rates in the world, German quality, and steadily decreasing unit labor costs
are the decisive factors for our competitiveness. A series of social and market reforms have further
contributed to Germany's continued economic growth to make it one of Europe’s most cost-effective
production locations.

Innovative Power
Germany is Europe's № 1 location for research. German R&D is backed by billions of euros in annual
federal funds, helping to make Germany the world's leader in innovation. It's this commitment which also
makes the Europe's leading patent applicant and the leading global force in high-tech solutions.

First Class Infrastructure

Located at the heart of Europe, Germany is Europe's number one logistics market. A sophisticated energy
and communications infrastructure and first-class transportation networks ensure on-time delivery and
short roads to success.

Competitive Tax Conditions

Germany has significantly reduced its corporate tax levels. A far-reaching reform of company taxation is
helping companies invest, and secure new business. The Federal Government’s raft of reforms to improve
the general tax framework and keep indirect labor costs down are opening doors of opportunity to ever
more investors.

Quality of Life
Germany is a modern, tolerant, and cosmopolitan society with an excellent standard of living. Superior
health and education provision, endless opportunities for sports and recreation in our beautiful landscape,
and a vibrant cultural scene are just some of the reasons why more than seven million foreigners have
made their homes in Germany.

Germany has set itself ambitious climate targets. The Climate Action Plan 2050, adopted by the Federal
Cabinet at the end of 2016, particularly demonstrated the commitment of the German government to
tackling climate change with ambitious climate policy. The Climate Action Plan 2050 shows Germany's
strategy for implementing the Paris Agreement.

The plan Centre’s on the goal of achieving extensive greenhouse gas neutrality by 2050. The objectives of
the Paris Agreement are the starting point for this 2050 vision. Under the agreement, global greenhouse
gas neutrality must be achieved by the second half of this century. Another goal of the Paris Agreement is
to keep global warming significantly below two degrees Celsius, or even below 1.5 degrees.

Germany is one of the first countries to submit the long-term low GHGemission development strategy to
the UN as required under the Paris Agreement. Germany has submitted its strategy well before the
specified deadline of 2020. The German Government considers long-term strategies as a key instrument
for future-oriented, reliable policy planning. The findings of the strategies are also very useful for the
facilitative dialogue, due to take place in 2018 under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. The
facilitative dialogue aims to take stock of the global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The results
will inform the revision or elaboration of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) of all parties in 2020.
For 2030, the Climate Action Plan 2050 reiterates the overall target of a greenhouse gas reduction of at
least 55 percent compared to 1990. This overall target has been broken down for individual sectors, while
at the same time mapping out a clear direction for all sectors.

The Climate Action Plan also gives guidance on steering development into greenhouse gas neutral and low-
carbon pathways, hence making the economy, society and lifestyle climate friendly. Thus, the Climate
Action Plan 2050 is a concrete framework for strategic decisions over the coming years for businesses,
unions, the scientific community, innovators and civil society.

Strategy for modernizing the economy

The Climate Action Plan 2050 is a strategy for modernizing the national economy, providing guidance for all
areas of action up to 2050 and for upcoming investments, especially for the period up to 2030: By setting
out clear framework conditions, the strategy will help avoid stranded investments and structural breaks.
The Climate Action Plan 2050 introduces a paradigm shift: In future, renewable energies and energy
efficiency will be the standard for investments. In this way, the Climate Action Plan 2050 creates the
necessary conditions to keep Germany's economy competitive in a decarbonizing world.

Climate action is an opportunity for German industry: The 2017 report Climate Action in Figures shows that
current policy is already having positive employment effects. In 2015, the renewable energy sector
provided 330,000 jobs.
A study by PricewaterhouseCoopers commissioned by the Federal Environment Ministry estimated that
measures under the Climate Action Programmed 2020 will create an employment potential of 430,000
additional jobs by 2020.
According to the study, the measures adopted will generate around one percent additional growth to gross
domestic product.

The German government subscribes to the guiding principle of sustainable global development, which is
based on acting responsibly towards future generations. Accordingly, a responsible climate policy must
always rest on two pillars. Firstly, it must be a factor in ensuring that average global warming does not
exceed the two-degree mark. Secondly, it must recognize risks and prepare for the inevitable effects of
climatic changes that will occur with even a moderate degree of global warming.

Complementary to the “European F-gas Regulation”, the German government enacted the Chemicals
Climate Protection Ordinance, which stipulates further requirements for equipment containing F-gas, such
as maximum HFC refrigerant leakage rates for refrigeration and air conditioning plants.

Germany have created a program whose purpose is to prepare for any disaster that they will face, this is
"The Climate Action Plan 2050" The plan Centre’s on the goal of achieving extensive greenhouse gas
neutrality by 2050. Also, this is their way in which they can be given guidance in making actions or plans for
their future economy. This shows the readiness of their country to deal with upcoming issues or disasters
in their country.