INTERPOL

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INTERPOL
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION
INTERPOL is the world’s largest international police organization, with 190(188) member countries. Created in
1923, it facilitates cross-border police co-operation, and supports and assists all organizations, authorities and
services whose mission is to prevent or combat international crime.
INTERPOL aims to facilitate international police co-operation even where diplomatic relations do not exist between
particular countries. Action is taken within the limits of existing laws in different countries and in the spirit of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Interpol’s constitution prohibits ‘any intervention or activities of a political,
military, religious or racial character.’
THE VISION
"Connecting police for a safer world"

Our Vision is that of a world where each and every law enforcement professional will be able through
INTERPOL to securely communicate, share and access vital police information whenever and wherever needed,
ensuring the safety of the world's citizens. We constantly provide and promote innovative and cutting-edge solutions
to global challenges in policing and security.
THE MISSION
"Preventing and fighting crime through enhanced international police co-operation"

We facilitate the widest possible mutual assistance between all criminal law enforcement authorities. We
ensure that police services can communicate securely with each other around the world. We enable global access to
police data and information. We provide operational support on specific priority crime areas. We foster continuous
improvement in the capacity of police to prevent and fight crime and the development of knowledge and skills
necessary for effective international policing.
Interpol’s Four Core Functions

Interpol’s activities are guided by the following four core functions:
1. Secure global police communication services

o Interpol’s global police communications system, known as I-24/7, enables police in all member countries
to request, submit and access vital data instantly in a secure environment.
2. Operational data services and databases for police

o Member countries have direct and immediate access to a wide range of databases including information
on known criminals, fingerprints, DNA profiles and stolen or lost travel documents. INTERPOL also
disseminates critical crime-related data through a system of international notices.
3. Operational police support services

o INTERPOL provides law enforcement officials in the field with emergency support and operational
activities, especially in its priority crime areas. A Command and Co-ordination Centre operates 24 hours
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a day, seven days a week and can deploy an Incident Response Team to the scene of a serious crime or
disaster
4. Police training and development
o INTERPOL provides focused police training initiatives with the aim of enhancing the capacity of
member countries to effectively combat transnational crime and terrorism. This includes sharing
knowledge, skills and best practices in policing and establishing global standards.
Interpol’s Leadership and Governance
The President of INTERPOL and the Secretary General work closely together in providing strong leadership and
direction to the Organization.
A global presence
The General Secretariat is located in Lyon, France, and operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. INTERPOL also
has seven regional offices across the world and a representative office at the United Nations in New York and at the
European Union in Brussels. Each of our 190 member countries maintains a National Central Bureau staffed by its
own highly trained law enforcement officials
INTERPOL’S STRUCTURE
As defined in Article 5 of its Constitution, INTERPOL (whose correct full name is 'The International Criminal
Police Organization – INTERPOL’) comprises the following:
1. for Strategy
a) General Assembly
b) Executive Committee
2. for Implementation
c) General Secretariat
d) National Central Bureaus
3. for Oversight
e) Advisers
f) The Commission for the Control of Interpol’s Files
The General Assembly and the Executive Committee form the organization’s Governance.
A: For Strategy
➢ General Assembly
▪ INTERPOL’s supreme governing body, the General Assembly is composed of delegates
appointed by each member country. It meets annually to take all important decisions related to
policy, resources, working methods, finances, activities and programs.
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Compose of delegates appointed by the governments of Member Countries. As Interpol’s supreme governing
body, it meets once a year and takes all the major decisions affecting general policy, the resources needed for
international co-operation, working methods, finances and program of activities. It also elects the
Organization's Executive Committee. Generally speaking, the Assembly takes decisions by a simple majority
in the form of resolutions. Each Member State represented has one vote.
➢ Executive Committee
▪ Elected by the General Assembly, the Executive Committee is headed by the President of the
Organization. It provides guidance and direction to the Organization and oversees the
implementation of decisions made at the annual General Assembly.
The Executive Committee is Interpol’s select deliberative organ which meets three times a year, usually in
March, July and immediately before the General Assembly.
Its role, in accordance with Article 22 of the Constitution, is to:

a) supervise the execution of the decisions of the General Assembly
b) prepare the agenda for sessions of the General Assembly
c) submit to the General Assembly any program of work or project which it considers useful
d) Supervise the administration and work of the Secretary General.
In accordance with Article 15 of the Constitution, the Executive Committee has 13 members
comprising the president of the organization, 3 vice-presidents and 9 delegates. These members are elected
by the General Assembly and should belong to different countries; in addition, the president and the 3 vice-
presidents must come from different regions.
The president is elected for 4 years, and vice-presidents for 3. They are not immediately eligible for
re-election either to the same posts, or as delegates to the Executive Committee.
Voting is by secret ballot. A two-thirds majority is required for the election of the president. If this
majority is not obtained after the second ballot, a simple majority is then sufficient. Vice-Presidents and
delegates are elected on a simple majority. Each member state has one vote; those member states attending
the General Assembly are eligible to take part in the election, providing they are not prevented from doing so
under Article 52 of the General Regulations.
Composition of the Executive Committee

1. President
2. Vice Presidents
3. Delegates
The former Filipino President of INTERPOL in 1980 – 1984 - Jolly R. Bugarin (Philippines)
B: For Implementation
Day-to-day implementation of the Organization's strategic decisions is carried out by the General Secretariat and
National Central Bureaus.
➢ General Secretariat
Located in Lyon, France, the General Secretariat operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and is run
by the Secretary General. Officials from more than 80 countries work side-by-side in any of the
Organization’s four official languages: Arabic, English, French and Spanish. The Secretariat has seven
regional offices across the world; in Argentina, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, El Salvador, Kenya, Thailand and
Zimbabwe, along with Special Representatives at the United Nations in New York and at the European
Union in Brussels.
Secretary General
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The Secretary General of the Organization is appointed by the General Assembly for a period of 5 years. He
may be re-elected.
The Secretary General is effectively the Organization’s chief full-time official. He is responsible for seeing
that the day-to-day work of international police co-operation is carried out, and the implementation of the
decisions of the General Assembly and Executive Committee.
➢ National Central Bureaus (NCB)
Each INTERPOL member country maintains a National Central Bureau staffed by national law enforcement
officers. The NCB is the designated contact point for the General Secretariat, regional offices and other
member countries requiring assistance with overseas investigations and the location and apprehension of
fugitives.
C: For Oversight
➢ Advisers – these are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who may be appointed by the Executive
Committee and confirmed by the General Assembly.
➢ Commission for the Control of Interpol’s Files (CCF) – this is an independent body whose mandate is
threefold:
1. to ensure that the processing of personal information by INTERPOL complies with the
Organization's regulations,
2. to advise INTERPOL on any project, operation, set of rules or other matter involving the
processing of personal information and
3. To process requests concerning the information contained in Interpol’s files.
INTERPOL 188 Member Countries
Afghanistan | Albania | Algeria | Andorra | Angola | Antigua & Barbuda | Argentina | Armenia | Aruba | Australia |
Austria | Azerbaijan Bahamas | Bahrain | Bangladesh | Barbados | Belarus | Belgium | Belize | Benin |
Bhutan | Bolivia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Botswana | Brazil | Brunei | Bulgaria | Burkina - Faso |
BurundiCambodia | Cameroon | Canada | Cape Verde | Central African Republic | Chad | Chile | China |
Colombia | Comoros | Congo | Congo (Democratic Rep.) | Costa Rica | Côte d'Ivoire | Croatia | Cuba | Cyprus |
Czech Republic Denmark | Djibouti | Dominica | Dominican Republic Ecuador | Egypt | El Salvador | Equatorial
Guinea | Eritrea | Estonia | Ethiopia Fiji | Finland | Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Gabon | Gambia |
Georgia | Germany | Ghana | Greece | Grenada | Guatemala | Guinea | Guinea Bissau | Guyana | France Haiti |
Honduras | Hungary Iceland | India | Indonesia | Iran | Iraq | Ireland | Israel | Italy Jamaica | Japan | Jordan
Kazakhstan | Kenya | Korea (Rep. of) |Kuwait | Kyrgyzstan Laos | Latvia | Lebanon | Lesotho | Liberia | Libya |
Liechtenstein | Lithuania | Luxembourg Madagascar | Malawi | Malaysia | Maldives | Mali | Malta | Marshall
Islands | Mauritania | Mauritius | Mexico | Moldova | Monaco | Mongolia | Montenegro | Morocco | Mozambique |
Myanmar Namibia | Nauru | Nepal | Netherlands | Netherlands Antilles | New Zealand | Nicaragua | Niger |
Nigeria | Norway Oman Pakistan | Panama | Papua New Guinea |Paraguay | Peru | Philippines | Poland | Portugal
Qatar Romania | Russia | Rwanda St Kitts & Nevis | St Lucia | St Vincent & the Grenadines | Samoa | San
Marino | Sao Tome & Principe | Saudi Arabia | Senegal | Serbia | Seychelles | Sierra Leone | Singapore | Slovakia |
Slovenia | Somalia | South Africa | Spain | Sri Lanka | Sudan | Suriname | Swaziland | Sweden | Switzerland | Syria
Tajikistan | Tanzania | Thailand | Timor - Leste | Togo | Tonga | Trinidad & Tobago | Tunisia | Turkey |
Turkmenistan Uganda | Ukraine | United Arab Emirates | United Kingdom | United States | Uruguay | Uzbekistan
Vatican City State | Venezuela | Vietnam Yemen Zambia | Zimbabwe
Sub Bureaus
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United Kingdom: Bermuda | Gibraltar | Cayman Islands | Anguilla | Montserrat | British Virgin Islands |
Turks and Caicos
United States: Puerto Rico | American Samoa
China: Hong Kong, Macao
INTERPOL’S DISTINCTIVE SIGNS
The official abbreviations
O.I.P.C - Stands for Organization internationale de police criminelle'

ICPO - Stands for International Criminal Police Organization'.
The official name is 'ICPO-INTERPOL'
The word 'INTERPOL' is a contraction of 'international police', and was chosen in 1946 as the telegraphic
address. In 1956, the International Criminal Police Commission changed its name to become the International
Criminal Police Organization - INTERPOL.
The Emblem
The emblem, in use since 1950, comprises the following elements:
• The GLOBE represents the worldwide activities of the INTERPOL

• The olive branches in either sides of the globe symbolize PEACE
• the name 'INTERPOL' below the globe in the center of the olive branches
• The Vertical Sword behind the globe, representing police action
• The Scales below the olive branches symbolize JUSTICE
The Flag
The flag has been in use since 1950, it has a light-blue background the emblem is in the center the four
lightning flashes arranged symmetrically around the emblem represent telecommunications and speed in police
action.
Background to the organization's distinctive signs

▪ At the 1947 General Assembly session in Paris, it was recommended that all member states adopt the name
'INTERPOL' as the telegraphic address (Resolution AGN/16/RES/12)
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▪ At the 1949 General Assembly session in Berne, the organization (then known as the International Criminal
Police Commission) adopted the INTERPOL emblem and flag
▪ At the 1956 General Assembly session in Vienna, the name 'International Criminal Police Organization' was
adopted
▪ At the 1958 General Assembly session in London, member states were asked to take measures to protect the
word 'INTERPOL' (AGN/27/RES/1)
▪ At its 1961 session in Copenhagen, the General Assembly recommended that members take further measures
to protect the name 'ICPO-INTERPOL' from unauthorized use (AGN/30/RES/6)
▪ At the 1972 General Assembly session in Frankfurt, Indonesia proposed that Interpol’s emblem be modified
so that all regions would be represented.
▪ At the 1973 General Assembly session in Vienna, the emblem was modified, and now depicts all the regions
of the world.
Protection of the distinctive signs

As an international organization, Interpol’s distinctive signs are protected by the 1883 Paris Convention.
Under the terms of Article 6 of this Convention, which has been ratified by the majority of Interpol’s
member states, the signatory countries have agreed to refuse to register as trademarks and ban the use of coats of
arms, flags, emblems, initials and names of states and intergovernmental organizations.
The organization's emblem and the name 'INTERPOL' have, in addition, been registered as European
Community and US trademarks.
Authorization to use Interpol’s distinctive signs

In exceptional cases, the organization may authorize a third party to use its distinctive signs. Authorization
can only be given by Interpol’s Secretary General.
In any event, authorization to use the organization's distinctive signs is limited:

1. authorization is given for a specific, identified project
2. the duration of the authorization is specified
3. authorization does not confer any exclusive rights
4. The authorization specifies that the organization's signs may not be modified or adapted.
Where appropriate, the media (documents, films, etc.) must be submitted to the organization for approval
before publication.
The organization may automatically revoke the entitlement to use its distinctive signs if it transpires that the
project for which the organization has given its agreement is likely to prejudice its reputation or image.
================================================================================
The Interpol National Central Bureau – Manila
Director General Philippine National Police ---------Chairman

Director, National Bureau of Investigation -------------Member
Commissioner, Bureau of Customs ------------------- --Member
Commissioner, Bureau of Internal Revenue -----------Member
Commissioner, Bureau of Immigration -----------------Member
Governor, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas -----------------Member
Executive Director, Dangerous Drug Board -----------Member
Commissioner, EIIB --------------------------------------Member
The first four were designated by the President, and the last four were unanimously chosen by members of the
NATIONAL Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee (NALECC) as authorized by the President thru
NALECC Resolution 93-10 dated 21 July 1993.
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MEMORANDUM ORDER NO. 92

Designating The Philippine National Police (PNP) As The International Police (Interpol) National
Central Bureau (NCB) For The Republic Of The Philippines
WHEREAS, section 6 Article XVI, of the Constitution provides for the creation of a national Police civilian in
character and national in scope;
WHEREAS, this mandate is expressly declared in section 2 of republic act No. 6975, which created the Philippine
national Police and establishes its functions pursuant to section 24 thereof;
WHEREAS, the present Interpol National Central Bureau is the NBI, which is not a part of the PNP;
WHEREAS, the NBI is a constituent and adjunct of the Department of Justice in the exercise of the latter’s functions
under section 3, Chapter IV, of the Administrative Code of 1987;
WHEREAS, the policy of the National Central Bureau (NCB) of the Interpol is that “ in countries with a fully or
partially centralized (police) structures, the role of the NCB will be assumed by the controlling body or
headquarters of the criminal Police” and every effort should be made to make the appointment of a national central
Bureau at government level to avoid any subsequent conflict over functions and competence and to enable the NCB
to do its work with authority;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, FIDEL V. RAMOS, President of the Republic of the Philippines, by virtue of powers
vested in me by law, do hereby order:
SECTION 1.
• The Philippine National Police is hereby designated as the Interpol National Central Bureau (NCB) for
the Philippines with the following members:
– Director-General of the PNP- Chairman
– Director, NBI- member
– Commissioner of Customs- member
– Commissioner of Internal revenue- member
– Heads of other agencies as additional members to be determined by the National law enforcement
Coordinating Committee.
SECTION 2.
• The NCB shall be a sub-committee under the national Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee
(NALECC)
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SECTION 3.
• all orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof that are inconsistent or in conflict with the provisions of this
memorandum order are hereby repealed.
SECTION 4.
• This memorandum order shall take effect immediately.
– DONE in the City of Manila, this 15th day of February in the year of Our Lord, 1993.
===================================================================================
History of INTERPOL
1. 1914
• First International Criminal Police Congress held in Monaco. Police officers, lawyers and magistrates from
14 countries meet to discuss arrest procedures, identification techniques, centralized international criminal
records and extradition proceedings.
2. 1923
• Creation of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) with headquarters in Vienna, Austria, on
the initiative of Dr Johannes Schober, president of the Vienna Police.
• Wanted persons notices first published in INTERPOL’s International Public Safety Journal.
3. 1926
• The General Assembly, held in Berlin, proposes that each country establish a central point of contact within
its police structure: the forerunner of the National Central Bureau (NCB).
4. 1927
• Resolution to establish NCBs adopted.
5. 1930
• Specialized departments established to deal with currency counterfeiting, criminal records and passport
forgery.
6. 1932
• Following the death of Dr Schober, new statutes put in place creating the post of Secretary General. The first
was Austrian Police Commissioner Oskar Dressler
7. 1935
• INTERPOL international radio network launched.
8. 1938
• The Nazis assume control after deposing of President Michael Skubl. Most countries stop participating and
ICPC effectively ceases to exist as an international organization.
9. 1942
• ICPC falls completely under German control and is relocated to Berlin.
10. 1946
• Belgium leads the rebuilding of the organization after the end of World War II. A new headquarters set up in
Paris, and ‘INTERPOL’ chosen as the organization’s telegraphic address. Democratic process to elect the
President and Executive Committee instituted.
• Present INTERPOL colour-coded notice system initiated and first Red Notices for persons wanted
internationally issued.
11. 1949
• The United Nations grants INTERPOL consultative status as a non-governmental organization.
12. 1956
• Following the adoption of a modernized constitution, the ICPC becomes the International Criminal Police
Organization-INTERPOL, abbreviated to ICPO–INTERPOL or just INTERPOL. The Organization becomes
autonomous by collecting dues from member countries and relying on investments as the main means of
support.
13. 1958
• Contributions of member countries revised and financial regulations adopted.
14. 1963
• First regional conference held, in Monrovia, Liberia.
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15. 1965
• The General Assembly sets out formal responsibilities and operating policies for NCBs.
16. 1971
• The United Nations recognizes INTERPOL as an intergovernmental organization.
17. 1972
• A Headquarters Agreement with France recognizes INTERPOL as an international organization.
18. 1982
• An independent body created to monitor the implementation of INTERPOL’s internal rules in relation to data
protection. This will become the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL Files in 2003.
19. 1989
• INTERPOL moves its General Secretariat to Lyon, France.
20. 1990
• The X.400 communication system launched, enabling NCBs to send electronic messages to each other and to
the General Secretariat directly.
21. 1992
• An automated search facility for remote searches of INTERPOL databases introduced.
22. 1995
• As part of a programme of regionalization the General Assembly adopts guidelines for the establishment and
operation of Regional Bureaus.
23. 1998
• INTERPOL Criminal Information System (ICIS) database created.
24. 2002
• The I-24/7 web-based communication system launched, significantly improving NCBs’ access to
INTERPOL’s databases and services. Canada is the first country to connect to the system.
• Database of stolen and lost travel documents launched.
25. 2003
• Official inauguration of the Command and Coordination Centre at the General Secretariat, enabling the
organization to operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
26. 2004
• INTERPOL liaison office inaugurated at the United Nations in New York and first Special Representative
appointed.
27. 2005
• First INTERPOL-United Nations Special Notices issued for individuals subject to UN sanctions against Al
Qaeda and the Taliban.
• Technology known as MIND/FIND allows frontline officers to connect directly to INTERPOL's systems.
28. 2009
• Official opening of the Office of the Special Representative to the European Union in Brussels.
Legal Background
INTERPOL's structure is defined in its Constitution (Article 5)
The current President of INTERPOL is Mr Khoo Boon Hui
The current Secretary General of INTERPOL is Mr Ronald K. Noble
INTERPOL’s current President is Mr KHOO Boon Hui, elected at the 77th INTERPOL General Assembly held in
St Petersburg in October 2008. Mr Khoo will serve as President until 2012.
Former Presidents (1964-2008)
2004-2008 2000-2004
Jackie Selebi Jesús Espigares-Mira
South Africa Spain
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1996-2000 1980-1984
Toshinori Kanemoto Jolly R. Bugarin
Japan The Philippines
1994-1996
1976-1980
Björn Eriksson
Carl. G. Persson
Sweden
Sweden
1992-1994
1972-1976
Norman D. Inkster
William Léonard Higgitt
Canada
Canada
1988-1992
1968-1972
Ivan Barbot
Paul Dickopf
France
FRG
1984-1988
1964-1968
John R. Simpson
Firmin Franssen
USA
Belgium
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
The General Assembly is composed of delegates appointed by the governments of member countries. As
INTERPOL's supreme governing body, it meets once a year and takes all the major decisions affecting general
policy, the resources needed for international co-operation, working methods, finances and programs of activities.
The General Assembly also elects the Organization's Executive Committee. Generally speaking, the Assembly takes
decisions by a simple majority in the form of Resolutions. Each member country represented has one vote.
80th INTERPOL 74th INTERPOL

General General Assembly
Assembly Berlin, Germany -
Hanoi, Vietnam, 19-22 September
31 October to 3 2005
November 2011
79th INTERPOL 73rd INTERPOL

Assembly Cancún, Mexico - 5-
Doha, Qatar - 8- 8 October 2004
11 November
2010
78th INTERPOL 72nd INTERPOL

Assembly Benidorm, Spain -
Singapore - 11- 29 September-2
15 October 2009 October 2003
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77th INTERPOL 71st INTERPOL

Assembly Yaoundé, Cameroon
Saint Petersburg, - 21-24 October
Russia - 7-10 2002
October 2008

Assembly Budapest, Hungary
Marrakesh, - 24-28 September
Morocco - 5-8 2001
November 2007

Assembly Rhodes, Greece - 30
Rio de Janeiro, October-4
Brazil - 19-22 November 2000
September 2006
Priorities of INTERPOL
INTERPOL has developed a strategic framework for the years 2011-2013, to provide a focused and effective
direction for our programmes and activities during this period. Within this framework, approved by our General
Assembly in November 2010, we have defined four strategic priorities and two corporate priorities.
These priorities are in line with the Organization's vision and mission and reflect the dynamic environment
and challenges of international policing in the 21st century.
A: Strategic priorities
1: Secure global communication network
o We run a secure global police communications and support system (known as I-24/7) that connects
all 190 National Central Bureaus (NCBs), along with other authorized law enforcement agencies and
strategic partners, allowing them to instantly access, request and submit vital data.
o We are committed to making these tools and services more efficient and effective over the next three
years. We will achieve this through a number of objectives and activities, for example by enhancing
the infrastructure of I-24/7, continuing to expand the system beyond NCBs and to officers in the
field, and by better integrating the sharing of data between INTERPOL and other systems.
2: 24/7 Support to policing and law enforcement

o We provide round-the-clock support and a wide range of operational assistance to our member
countries, including emergency and crisis response. We are committed to further improving response
times, follow-up and the integrated nature of our response.
o Objectives and activities are focused around our Command and Co-ordination Centre, the
development of new investigative expertise, and the deployment of teams specialized in incident
response, security issues at major events and the identification of disaster victims.
3: Capacity building
o We are committed to enhancing the tools and services that we provide in the area of law enforcement
training and to raising standards in international policing and security infrastructures. We will work
with partners and stakeholders in order to build the capacity of police services in countries in need
and to empower them to respond effectively to the challenges of transnational crime.
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o Over the next three years we will work to leverage current resources in our member countries,
implement new training programmes, build partnerships internationally with the public and private
sectors to deliver training and technical assistance, and work with member countries to develop
common standards and recognized best practices.
4: Assisting member countries in the identification of crimes and criminals

o We provide the highest quality database services, analytical capabilities and other innovative tools to
assist in preventing crime as well as assisting in the identification, location and arrest of fugitives and
transborder criminals. We aim to further improve our criminal information databases and better
support their integration, along with analytical/investigative methods and mechanisms.
o Objectives and activities will centre on improving the quality and quantity of information in our
databases, enhancing investigative and analytical capabilities, developing a global approach to
integrated border management, and actively supporting member countries in locating and
apprehending fugitives and other transnational criminals.
B: Corporate priorities
5: Business continuity and sustainability
o We will focus efforts on strengthening our core infrastructure, improving our business model and
communicating our long-term relevance in terms of policing and law enforcement leadership and
support.
o We will strengthen our business infrastructure and support mechanisms in order to ensure efficient
delivery of our core services. A key activity in this area will be the implementation of a new
INTERPOL Global Complex in Singapore. Other objectives will focus on human resources,
financial management and communications strategies. In addition we will foster outside partnerships
in support of our strategic priorities.
6: Legal foundation of INTERPOL

o We will focus efforts on enhancing the legal stability and foundation for international activities.
o Objectives include registering INTERPOL's Constitution with the United Nations, extending
INTERPOL privileges and immunities, and ensuring compliance with INTERPOL rules and
regulations. One of the overriding considerations is to enhance the Organization's neutrality and
independence.
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS
Transnational crime cannot be tackled in isolation; its reach is wider than traditional law enforcement. Partnerships
with other organizations and the private and public sectors are essential to tackle challenges in common areas.
1. United Nations
o Our collaboration with the United Nations, already formalized in 1996 by a co-operation agreement that
includes observer status at respective general assemblies, was further boosted by the opening of an
INTERPOL special liaison office at the UN in New York in 2004.
o This facilitated the creation of the INTERPOL-United Nations Security Council Special Notice for
individuals and entities subject to UN counter-terrorism sanctions, and led to a landmark ministerial meeting
in 2009 on the role of police in UN peacekeeping missions.
2. European Union
o To strengthen our relationship with the European Union, a special liaison office in Brussels was opened in
2009, and our collaboration with Europol is strengthened continually through an exchange of officers.
o Generous funding from the EU has enabled us to implement many projects, such as the expansion of access
to our global communications system (I-24/7) at remote sites throughout the Commonwealth of Independent
States.
3. G8 and WHO
o The Group of Eight has provided important backing for our initiatives, including the development of the
International Child Sexual Exploitation image database, while we have collaborated successfully with the
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World Health Organization, in particular in leading the enforcement arm of their International Medical
Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT).
4. Private sector
o Additionally, we have forged partnerships with the private sector in areas such as currency and document
security. We are working with private companies on the INTERPOL Travel Document initiative which aims
to facilitate the international travel of officials on INTERPOL business by waiving visa requirements.
CRIME AREAS
Many crimes in the 21st century have a transnational dimension and require a global response.
1. DRUGS CONTROL
Drug trafficking (FACT SHEET)

• Large-scale drug abuse and the problems associated with it affect much of the world and continue to grow in
certain regions.
• The drug trade affects almost all INTERPOL’s member countries, be it in a capacity as producer, transit or
destination country. Certain countries play a role as providers of essential chemicals and precursors for
clandestine laboratories situated thousands of miles away. Over the years the transportation industry has
unwittingly offered new opportunities to drug traffickers by developing cheaper and faster conveyances, and
the law enforcement community has had continually to devise new counter-trafficking strategies.
• The volume of illicit drug production (more than 800 metric tons of both cocaine and heroin are produced
annually in a handful of countries), has provided criminal organizations with unprecedented opportunities to
generate enormous profits which are at times used to finance other criminal or even political activities.
Enhancing international co-operation

INTERPOL’s primary drug intelligence role has been and continues to be the identification of new drug trafficking
trends and criminal organizations operating at the international level and to alert INTERPOL National Central
Bureaus (NCBs) to their criminal activities. Investigations into the production of illicit drugs and the street-level sale
of drugs are handled by the relevant local and national authorities. INTERPOL provides several types of support to
national and international police bodies concerned with countering the illicit production and trafficking of controlled
substances and precursor chemicals. For example:
• Collecting and analyzing post-seizure data provided by member countries and national drug law enforcement
agencies;
• Issuing drug alerts via I-24/7, INTERPOL’s secure global police communications system, to warn the law
enforcement community of unique cases, new trafficking techniques or emerging trends — within minutes,
information and images can be distributed to NCBs all over the world and then shared with national drug law
enforcement agencies;
• Producing analytical studies to highlight criminal links between reported cases;
• Running regional or global conferences on specific drug topics, to assess the extent of a particular drug
problem, share the latest investigative techniques and strengthen cooperation within law enforcement
communities;
• Organizing investigative training courses for national drug law enforcement agents. INTERPOL also
maintains close working relationships with the United Nations, its specialized agencies and other
international and regional organizations, such as the World Customs Organization, involved in drug-control
activities.
Projects and operational support against DRUG’S

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INTERPOL’s criminal intelligence officers focus on the most commonly used and trafficked narcotic drugs –
cannabis, cocaine, heroin and synthetic drugs – as well as precursor chemicals and doping substances. Examples
of ongoing initiatives are:
• Project Drug.net – to tackle the growing area of drug trafficking via the Internet. Having achieved its initial
aim of creating a global network of specialists, this Project now concentrates on supporting ongoing
operations in the field.
• Project White flow – to boost intelligence exchange on South American-produced cocaine smuggled into
Europe via West Africa. Project White flow aims to gather identification material on mid- to upper-level
cocaine traffickers linked to Africa and to better disseminate this data among INTERPOL’s member
countries.
• Operation Ice Trail – to target organized crime groups trafficking huge quantities of methamphetamine by
courier and/or cargo shipment from Iran via Turkey to destination countries in Southeast Asia and the
Pacific.
• Anti-doping initiatives – INTERPOL works in partnership with the World Anti-Doping Agency to fight the
use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport.
– A Memorandum of Understanding signed in 2009 formalizes the sharing of information and
expertise with a view to dismantling the organized networks behind trafficking in doping substances.
– In an operational case from 2010, known as Siska, INTERPOL helped co-ordinate the investigative
activities and flow of information between Belgium, Germany, Sierra Leone, Switzerland and the
USA to successfully dismantle organized crime group trafficking cocaine from South America to
Europe via Sierra Leone.
– In July, a number of involved member countries began co-ordinated, targeted operational activity
against several members of this syndicate, resulting in several arrests, house searches and seizure of
numerous exhibits.
– INTERPOL also responds to and helps co-ordinate international drug investigations by organizing
operational working meetings and dispatching Incident Response Teams to assist national
investigators subsequent to a significant drug seizure.
INTERPOL's response
Our criminal intelligence officers focus on the most commonly used and trafficked narcotic drugs –
cannabis, cocaine, heroin and synthetic drugs – as well as precursor chemicals and doping substances. The
Organization's primary drug-control role is to identify new drug trafficking trends and criminal organizations
operating at the international level and to assist all national and international law enforcement bodies concerned with
countering the illicit production, trafficking and abuse of drugs by:
1. Collecting and analyzing data obtained from member countries for strategic and tactical intelligence reports
and disseminating these reports to the concerned countries;
2. Responding to and supporting international drug investigations;
3. Helping to coordinate drug investigations involving at least two member countries;
4. Organizing operational working meetings between member countries where INTERPOL has identified
common links in cases being investigated in these countries;
5. Organizing regional or global conferences on specific drug topics: the aims of which are to assess the extent
of the drug problem, exchange information on the latest investigative techniques and strengthen cooperation
within the law enforcement community.
A. Cannabis
– Products from the plant cannabis sativa, or marijuana, are the most commonly abused and widely-trafficked
illicit drugs in the world. The cannabis market is the largest illicit drug market in terms of global spread of
cultivation, volume of production and number of consumers.
❖ Herbal cannabis
• Herbal cannabis is the most commonly encountered form of the drug. North America is the largest
source of cannabis herb production, although the market is largely self-contained. Significant exporters
of cannabis herb include:
Africa: Lesotho, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa and Swaziland;
Americas: Canada, Colombia, Jamaica and Mexico;
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Central Asia: Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan;

Middle East: Egypt and Lebanon;
Asia: Cambodia, India, the Philippines and Thailand.
❖ Cannabis resin
• Trafficking of cannabis resin follows a decidedly different pattern.
• The primary source country for cannabis resin is Morocco, with Afghanistan being the second-
largest producer. Other significant sources of resin are Albania, Jamaica, India, Iran, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan and Nepal.
B. Cocaine
– Cocaine trafficking is developing into a global phenomenon, with the capacity to undermine the health and
security of countless individuals. In the past, the cocaine market was largely centered on the United States
but expanded trafficking routes are now making sales more accessible on a worldwide scale.
❖ Primary markets
• Around 80% of the world’s cocaine is produced in Colombia, with smaller amounts produced in
neighboring Peru and Bolivia.
• The primary markets for cocaine, as reflected by data submitted to INTERPOL’s General Secretariat, are
North America and Western Europe. The United States, however, still represents the single largest
cocaine market worldwide.
❖ Trafficking routes
– Cocaine to North America is transported ostensibly via the Pacific maritime route either through Mexico
and Central America, or through the Eastern Caribbean.
– Transnational organized groups have also established strong overland networks throughout the continent
– particularly in Chile, Argentina, Venezuela and Brazil, not only resulting in a rise in crime and
corruption in those areas, but also leaving growing addiction rates in their wake.
– Cocaine shipments to Europe are transported across the Atlantic Ocean from Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador,
(or among them among the land routes) to ports largely in Spain, the Netherlands and Portugal (with
stops in the Eastern Caribbean).
– The UK has the largest cocaine market in Europe, and also represents a major transit point for cocaine
destined for other Western European markets such as Spain, Italy, Germany, France and Portugal.
– Meanwhile, increased cocaine use in Eastern Europe and in the Balkans means that organized crime
elements from this region have become involved in cocaine smuggling, making use of both
transcontinental shipments and couriers.
C: Heroin
– Heroin production occurs in three primary regions:
a. Southwest Asia (Afghanistan);
b. Southeast Asia (Myanmar), and
c. Latin America (Colombia and Mexico).
❖ Changing production trends:

• Heroin production in Southeast Asia (the Golden Triangle of Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia) has
declined dramatically in the last five years, as a result of several years of unfavorable growing conditions
and new government policies of forced eradication.
• Meanwhile, heroin production in southwest Asia has expanded considerably, with Afghanistan now
producing over 90 percent of the world’s opium. The Afghan province of Helmand produces the largest
amount of opium, while other provinces with significant amounts of production include Badakhshan,
Balkh, Daykundi, Farah, Kandahar and Uruzgan.
❖ Trafficking routes
• The bulk of opiates being produced in Afghanistan are destined for consumption in the Islamic Republic
of Iran, Pakistan and neighboring Central Asian countries. Western Europe, however, remains the most
lucrative market for heroin.
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• Two primary routes are used to smuggle heroin:

a. The Balkan Route, which runs through southeastern Europe, and
b. The Silk Route, which runs through Central Asia.
• The anchor point for the Balkan Route is Turkey, which remains a major staging area and transportation
route for heroin destined for European markets.
• The Balkan Route is divided into three sub-routes:
1. The southern route runs through Turkey, Greece, Albania and Italy;
2. The central route runs through Turkey, Bulgaria, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, and into either Italy or Austria;
3. The northern route runs from Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania to Austria, Hungary, the Czech
Republic, Poland or Germany.
• Large quantities of heroin are destined for either the Netherlands or the United Kingdom.
• Although the Balkan Route is considered the primary supply line for Western Europe, Afghan and
Central Asian traffickers smuggle heroin along the Silk Route into Russia, the Baltic States, Poland,
Ukraine, the Czech Republic and other parts of Europe. Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan,
and Turkmenistan are vital transit countries.
D: Synthetic drugs and precursor chemicals

– The production and trafficking of synthetic drugs such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy pills and
LSD is a global and constantly changing phenomenon.
– Since, unlike heroin or cocaine, production is not limited to any specific agricultural zone, clandestine
laboratories can be located anywhere in the world, as essential chemicals can be easily diverted from their
lawful destinations.
2. CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
❖ Exploitation via the Internet

– The spread of the Internet and the anonymity it can provide, as well as technological advances such as
high-speed connections and digital cameras, has made it easier for individuals with a sexual interest in
children to record their activities, download files or share images online.
– Child sexual exploitation on the Internet ranges from posed photos to visual recordings of brutal sexual
crimes. The victim’s suffering is likely to continue even after the actual abuse has stopped, as the
Internet enables the images to be circulated indefinitely. Most producers fall into two broad categories:
those with a sexual interest in children, and organized crime groups drawn to the huge profits involved
by providing such images commercially.
❖ Central point of contact

– Because the Internet has no borders, uploading an illegal image essentially constitutes an international
crime. Images can be easily taken and uploaded in one country and made available to anyone in the
world with a computer and an Internet connection. Differing laws and police systems throughout the
world necessitate the existence of a central body to collect, store, analyze and disseminate information on
child exploitation on the Internet.
– INTERPOL’s unique position in the international law enforcement community gives it the resources and
networks to fight this type of crime more effectively.
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❖ International Child Sexual Exploitation Image database

– To help dedicated child exploitation investigators to analyze and share data with colleagues in other
countries, INTERPOL manages the International Child Sexual Exploitation image database (ICSE
DB), a powerful intelligence and investigation tool launched in March 2009. Available to certified
investigators in any member country via INTERPOL’s secure I-24/7 network, the database uses image
recognition software to connect victims and places. Users can upload material into the database and
compare it against images seized worldwide. They can create investigations online, comment on material
and consult colleagues on specific cases. ICSE replaced the INTERPOL Child Abuse Image
Database (ICAID), which served investigators at the General Secretariat for eight years and helped
them to identify and rescue several hundred victims.
❖ A holistic approach
– The Organization promotes a holistic approach to fighting child exploitation on the Internet by
encouraging countries to issue INTERPOL Green Notices, which can provide warnings and criminal
intelligence on serious child offenders; co-ordinate joint operations between multiple member countries;
and facilitate investigations at a regional level.
– Member countries can ask INTERPOL to issue Yellow Notices to help locate missing persons,
especially minors. The General Secretariat also provides co-ordination and assistance in international
operations, including training sessions, intelligence, briefings, analysis and technical advice.
– Building partnerships and supporting training initiatives are core to INTERPOL’s approach to fighting
crimes against children. A specialist working group of law enforcement investigators has been
established to facilitate and enhance the investigation of sexual crimes against children, including the
organization of training courses on computer-facilitated crimes against children, with support from
governmental and non-governmental organizations and private industry. It also hosts best practice and
victim identification workshops which bring together experts to work in a concerted and concentrated
manner to devise strategies and identify victims of abuse.
– INTERPOL is a partner to the Virtual Global Taskforce which aims to build an effective, international
partnership of law enforcement agencies to protect children from online sexual abuse. INTERPOL also
participates in CIRCAMP, a law enforcement network fighting the production, online distribution of
and access to child sexual abuse material.
CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN

Crimes against children tend to be local crimes with the vast majority taking place within the home or family
circle. There are, however, a number of areas where there is an international angle:
1. Internet crimes: crimes against children are facilitated by the Internet, the increased use of which in
recent years has led to a huge rise in offending. Not only can offenders distribute and access child abuse
material more easily, but they can also come into direct contact with children – via chat rooms and social
networking sites. We run a project in conjunction with Internet Access Service Providers to block access
to child abuse material online.
2. Travelling sex offenders: also known as “sex tourism”, this type of crime involves the abuse of children
in developing countries by people who travel there. The relative wealth of the offender coupled with lack
of understanding or effective legislation means that the abuse of children is easier in these countries. This
type of crime is linked to child trafficking, organized crime and murder.
• These types of crimes represent a huge challenge for police worldwide and require specialized skills
and increased resources. At INTERPOL, we encourage investigators around the world to make
maximum use of our tools and services.
3. Victim identification: we work to identify the victims of child sexual abuse depicted in photographs and
films. This involves a combination of traditional investigative methods and image analysis. Crucial to
this work is the International Child Sexual Exploitation image database which uses sophisticated
image comparison software to make connections between victims and places.
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4. Yellow Notices: at the request of a member country, INTERPOL can issue a yellow notice to help locate
missing persons, especially minors. These notices are circulated on an international basis and recorded in
INTERPOL's database of missing and abducted children.
We also provide training and promote best practice to police in our member countries. We bring together
experts in the INTERPOL Specialists Group on Crimes against Children. Formed in 1992, this group consists of a
number of sub-groups dealing with particular issues and chaired by investigators from around the world.
In addition, we work closely with many other agencies, both governmental and non governmental, in this
area and are involved in many training programs and other projects worldwide. In particular, we work in partnership
with CIRCAMP (the COSPOL Internet Related Child Abuse Material Project) and the Virtual Global
Taskforce.
❖ Sex offenders
– In recent years we have seen an increase in the numbers of travelling sex offenders, that is, individuals
who travel to foreign countries in order to abuse the children there.
– The relative wealth of the offender coupled with lack of understanding or absence of legislation, means
that the abuse of children is easier in these countries. However, the effects both long and short term are
no less grave.
– This type of crime is often facilitated by organized criminal networks. Clear links have been made
between so-called "sex tourism" and other serious crimes such as child trafficking and murder.
❖ What INTERPOL is doing

– INTERPOL's main tool for dealing with travelling sex offenders is the Green Notice.
• A Green Notice is issued to provide warnings and criminal intelligence about persons who have
committed criminal offences and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries. It is an effective
way to share key police intelligence on a global scale and to prevent offenders from crossing borders.
• As well as working to prevent these crimes from taking place in the first place, we coordinate joint
operations between multiple countries to track down offenders. Support to these operations includes
training, briefings, and the sharing of data, intelligence analysis and technical advice.
• Additionally, we assist with the identification of victims, particularly through the use of the
International Child Sexual Exploitation image database
– The INTERPOL Specialists Group on Crimes against Children has a full sub-group dealing with this
issue. This brings together experts, drawn from all parts of the world, to share best practice and
information on the many facets of the problem, such as the apprehension of sex offenders, their treatment
and management within the community.
– This type of crime is much more than a law enforcement issue, which is why we work closely with other
agencies and NGOs in this area. In terms of geographical focus, the INTERPOL liaison office in
Bangkok is particularly active in this area, given the high numbers of sex offenders who travel to Asia.
❖ Victim identification
– What is it?
• Victim Identification is the term often given to the analysis of photographs and films depicting the sexual
abuse of a child – known as child abuse material (CAM) – with the objective of locating the child
and/or abuser seen in them.
• Victim identification is a combination of image analysis and traditional investigative methods.
• Image analysis is the examination of the digital, visual and audio content of those photographs and films
for identification purposes. Clues can come from many places and in many forms, and it is the task of the
victim identification specialist to retrieve those clues and piece them together using a range of
specialized tools.
• The results of this analysis of the virtual world will be crucial to the investigation that can then take place
in the physical world.
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– Who does it?

• Some or all of the acts of production, distribution and possession of child abuse material are illegal in
many countries. As a result, authorization to gather and investigate it is restricted to law enforcement or
government accredited organizations.
• Often, sworn law enforcement officers and authorized civilian analysts work together in the field of
victim identification, bringing together their diverse skills and experience to solve a case.
• Due to the global nature of the Internet and its content, victim identification specialists work closely with
their counterparts all over the world to ensure that clues that are unique, typical or easily recognizable in
one country are not overlooked by another country.
3. TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEING
According to the United Nations: “Trafficking in persons shall mean the recruitment, transportation,
transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force (…), for the purpose of
exploitation” (Protocol to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Palermo 2000)Trafficking in
human beings is a multi-billion-dollar form of international organized crime, constituting modern-day slavery.
Recent estimates by the International Labor Organization place its value at USD 39 billion each year. Victims are
recruited and trafficked between countries and regions using deception or coercion. They are stripped of their
autonomy, freedom of movement and choice, and face various forms of physical and mental abuse. Trafficking in
human beings is a crime under international law and many national and regional legal systems. There are many forms
of trafficking but one consistent aspect is the abuse of the inherent vulnerability of the victims.
A: Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation

• This prevalent form of trafficking affects every region in the world, either as a source, transit or destination
country. Women and children from developing countries, and from vulnerable parts of society in developed
countries, are lured by promises of decent employment into leaving their homes and travelling to what they
consider will be a better life. Victims are often provided with false travel documents and an organized
network is used to transport them to the destination country, where they find themselves forced into sexual
slavery and held in inhumane conditions and constant fear.
B: Trafficking for forced labor

• Victims of this equally widespread form of trafficking come primarily from developing countries. They are
recruited and trafficked using deception and coercion and find themselves held in conditions of slavery in a
variety of jobs. Men, women and children are engaged in agricultural and construction work, domestic
servitude and other labor-intensive jobs.
C: Commercial sexual exploitation of children in tourism

• This crime type has been apparent in Asia for many years and has now taken hold in Africa as well as
Central and South America. The phenomenon is promoted by the growth of inexpensive air travel and the
relatively low risk of prohibition and prosecution in these destinations for engaging in sexual relations with
minors.
D: Trafficking in organs
• Trafficking in humans for the purpose of using their organs, in particular kidneys is a rapidly growing field
of criminal activity. In many countries, waiting lists for transplants are very long, and criminals have seized
this opportunity to exploit the desperation of patients and potential donors. Victims’ health, even life, is at
risk as operations may be carried out in clandestine conditions with no medical follow-up. An ageing
population and increased incidence of diabetes in many developed countries is likely to increase the
requirement for organ transplants and make this crime even more lucrative.
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❖ INTERPOL’s resources:
Trafficking in human beings is a sophisticated crime that requires international law enforcement co-
operation. INTERPOL provides a number of tools and services to the world’s police, as follows:
• On an operational level, INTERPOL offers assistance to member countries with training and support in
tactical operations. Operation BIA in June 2009 saw the participation of 300 officers in Côte d’Ivoire, the
rescue of more than 50 child workers and the arrest of eight people in connection with the illegal
recruitment of children.
• The INTERPOL Expert Working Group on Trafficking in Human Beings meets annually to raise
awareness of emerging issues, promote prevention programs and initiate specialized training.
• Project Childhood, addresses the issue of sex tourism in a trafficking context and aims to develop
partnerships with police authorities and other stakeholders in Asia, in order to promote the prosecution of
abusers and the rescue of victims.
• INTERPOL ‘s Notices and Diffusions system enables global co-operation between its member countries
in tracking criminals and suspects, as well as locating missing persons or collecting information.
Especially relevant is the Green Notice – through which countries can warn other member states if a
known child-sex offender is travelling to their territory or region.
• The Organization’s Human Smuggling and Trafficking message (HST) provides a standardized format
for reporting cases of trafficking between member countries and to INTERPOL’s database.
• MIND/FIND technical solutions enable frontline law enforcement agencies, such as border police or
immigration authorities, to receive instant responses for queries on stolen or lost travel documents, stolen
motor vehicles and wanted criminals. These databases are accessible to authorized users of INTERPOL’s
I-24/7 global police communications system and are useful in detecting cases of trafficking in human
beings at the early stage of entry into a country.
❖ International co-ordination
– INTERPOL works closely with other key bodies involved in the fight against human trafficking, including
Eurojust, Europol, the International Organization for Migration, the International Labor Organization, the
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative, the
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, as well as non-governmental organizations active in this field.
TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS

– Trafficking in human beings is a multi-billion-dollar form of international organized crime, constituting
modern-day slavery.
– Victims are recruited and trafficked between countries and regions using deception or coercion. They are
stripped of their autonomy, freedom of movement and choice, and face various forms of physical and mental
abuse.
– There are three main types of human trafficking:
a) Trafficking for forced labour;
b) Trafficking for sexual exploitation;
c) Trafficking of organs.
– Closely connected is the issue of people smuggling in which smugglers procure, for financial or material
gain, the illegal entry of an individual into a country of which he is neither a citizen nor a permanent resident.
Generally speaking, once payment is completed, the relationship between the illegal immigrant and the
smuggler is terminated.
Types of Human Trafficking

There are many forms of trafficking, but one consistent aspect is the abuse of the inherent vulnerability of the
victims.
1. Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation
• This prevalent form of trafficking affects every region in the world, either as a source, transit or destination
country. Women and children from developing countries, and from vulnerable parts of society in developed
countries, are lured by promises of decent employment into leaving their homes and travelling to what they
consider will be a better life. Victims are often provided with false travel documents and an organized
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network is used to transport them to the destination country, where they find themselves forced into sexual
slavery and held in inhumane conditions and constant fear.
2. Trafficking for forced labor

• Victims of this equally widespread form of trafficking come primarily from developing countries. They are
recruited and trafficked using deception and coercion and find themselves held in conditions of slavery in a
variety of jobs. Men, women and children are engaged in agricultural and construction work, domestic
servitude and other labor-intensive jobs.
3. Commercial sexual exploitation of children in tourism

• This crime type has been apparent in Asia for many years and has now taken hold in Africa as well as
Central and South America. The phenomenon is promoted by the growth of inexpensive air travel and the
relatively low risk of prohibition and prosecution in these destinations for engaging in sexual relations with
minors.
4. Trafficking in organs
• Trafficking in humans for the purpose of using their organs, in particular kidneys, is a rapidly growing field
of criminal activity. In many countries, waiting lists for transplants are very long, and criminals have seized
this opportunity to exploit the desperation of patients and potential donors. The health of victims, even their
lives, is at risk as operations may be carried out in clandestine conditions with no medical follow-up. An
ageing population and increased incidence of diabetes in many developed countries is likely to increase the
requirement for organ transplants and make this crime even more lucrative.
PEOPLE SMUGGLING
– People smuggling implies the procurement, for financial or material gain, of the illegal entry into a state of
which that person is neither a citizen nor a permanent resident.
– A broad distinction can be made between people smuggling and human trafficking. In general, the
individuals who pay a smuggler in order to gain illegal entry to a country do so voluntarily whereas the
victims of human trafficking are often duped or forced into entering another country.
– In principle, the relationship between smuggler and migrant ends once the individual arrives in the new
country. However, there is evidence that people smugglers continue to exploit illegal migrants, through
threats and demands for additional fees.
– Human migration is not a new phenomenon. For centuries, people have left their homes in search of better
lives elsewhere. In the last decade, the process of globalization has caused an unprecedented amount of
migration from the least developed countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe to Western
Europe, Australia and North America.
– Currently, economic instability appears to be the main reason for illegal migration movement throughout the
world, while many migrants are refugees or asylum seekers.
❖ Operations PEOPLE SMUGGLING

– At INTERPOL, we support national police in tactical deployments in the field, aimed at breaking up the
criminal networks behind trafficking in human beings and people smuggling.
– Operations are preceded by training workshops to ensure that officers on the ground are trained in a range of
skills, including specialist interview techniques. Deployments effectively combine police action with input
from a number of different sectors such as customs and environmental officers, non-governmental
organizations, officials from the Ministries of Health and Social Affairs, and prosecutors.
1. Forced child labor
2. Smuggling Training Operation Programme (STOP)
– A number of recent operations have targeted forced child labor in Africa.
1. Operation Bia (2011)

• In an operation codenamed Bia II, INTERPOL joined forces with national authorities in Ghana to rescue
child victims of forced labour.
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• The children, aged from five to 17 had been trafficked from other parts of the country to work on fishing
boats, often up to 14 hours a day. Ghana’s police rescued 116 children and arrested 30 suspected traffickers,
28 of whom were later sentenced in court for exposing children to danger and engaging minors in hazardous
activities.
2. Operation Bana (2010)

• Police in Gabon rescued more than 140 children who had been trafficked from 10 different countries to work
as forced labor in local markets, in an INTERPOL-led operation codenamed Bana.
• Some 44 people were arrested in the operation, which was the first operation of its kind in Central Africa.
During the operation, teams of officials carried out checks at market stalls in the capital city Libreville,
where children as young as six years old were working in a variety of roles, from carrying heavy goods to
selling products.
3. Operation Cascades (2010)

• More than 100 suspected child trafficking victims were identified and taken into care and 11 individuals
arrested, following an operation led by police in Burkina Faso and supported by INTERPOL. Dozens more
children were also returned to their families following child labor investigations.
• During the three-day operation, police officers checked highways linking Burkina Faso’s capital to other
regions in the country and to adjoining countries, and also raided illegally-operated gold mining quarries in
the Cascades region.
4. Operation Bia (2009)

• INTERPOL's first-ever police operation targeting child trafficking in West Africa resulted in the rescue of
more than 50 child workers and the arrest of eight people in connection with the illegal recruitment of
children. The children were of seven different nationalities – demonstrating the extent of transnational child
trafficking in the region – and had been bought by plantation owners needing cheap labor to harvest the
cocoa and palm plantations. The children were discovered working under extreme conditions, forced to carry
massive loads seriously jeopardizing their health.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES
❖ Environmental Crime
– Environmental crime is a serious and growing international problem, and one which takes many different
forms. Broadly speaking, wildlife crime is the illegal exploitation of the world’s wild flora and fauna, while
pollution crime is the trading and disposal of hazardous wastes or resources in contravention of national and
international laws.
– In addition to these clear and present crimes, new types of environmental crime are emerging, such as carbon
trade and water management crime.
– Environmental crime is any breach of a national or international environmental law or treaty that exists
to ensure the conservation and sustainability of the world’s environment, biodiversity, or natural
resources. This type of crime includes but is not limited to illegal trade in wildlife, illegal logging or
fishing, pollution of air, water and soil and theft of natural resources.
– Environmental crime has a major influence on the global economy and security. It is not restricted by borders
and often involves criminals who engage in other crime types such as murder, corruption, fraud and theft.
❖ Organized Criminal Networks

– Environmental crime is not restricted by borders, and can affect a nation’s economy, security and even its
existence. A significant proportion of both wildlife and pollution crime is carried out by organized criminal
networks, drawn by the low risk and high profit nature of these types of crime.
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– The same routes used to smuggle wildlife across countries and continents are often used to smuggle
weapons, drugs and people. Indeed, environmental crime often occurs hand in hand with other offences such
as passport fraud, corruption, money laundering and murder.
❖ INTERPOL's Response
– In today’s global economy there is a need for an international strategy to deal with this type of crime. As the
only organization with a mandate to share and process criminal information globally, INTERPOL is uniquely
qualified to lead these efforts.
– The INTERPOL Environmental Crime Programme:

1) Leads global and regional operations to dismantle the criminal networks behind environmental
crime using intelligence-driven policing;
2) Coordinates and develops international law enforcement best practice manuals, guides and
other resources;
3) Provides environmental law enforcement agencies with access to our services by enhancing their
links with INTERPOL National Central Bureaus;
4) Works with the Environmental Crime Committee to shape the Program's strategy and direction.
– The INTERPOL Wildlife Crime Working Group and the INTERPOL Pollution Crime Working Group
bring together criminal investigators from around the world to share information and initiate targeted projects
to tackle specific areas of environmental crime.
Operations ON ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME

– We lead global and regional law enforcement operations to combat environmental crimes that affect areas
such as wildlife, pollution, illegal logging and the theft of natural resources.
What We Aim To Achieve

Our initiatives provide a coordinated global response to truly international problems. The aims of our operations are
to:
1) Dismantle the criminal networks behind environmental crime;
2) Globally gather information and intelligence, in order to assess trends and patterns in environmental crime;
3) Set up multi-disciplinary teams spanning environmental law enforcement agencies, police and customs;
4) Strengthen the capacity of environmental law enforcement nationally, regionally and internationally and
increase the visibility of the participating agencies;
5) Mobilize political support for environmental law enforcement by raising the profile of environmental crimes.
OPERATIONAL SUCCESS
Here are some recent highlights that show the impact of our activities across the world.
1. Global operations:
a) Operation TRAM – targeting the illegal trade in traditional medicines containing wildlife products. This
operation saw the participation of 18 countries and resulted in the seizure of illegal products worth more
than EUR 10 million.
b) Operation RAMP – against the illegal trade in endangered reptiles and amphibians. This worldwide
operation brought together 51 countries across all five continents and led to the seizure of thousands of
animals as well as products worth more than EUR 25 million.
2. Regional operations:
a) Operation TIGRE – targeting the illegal exploitation of tigers within their natural range. Conducted in six
countries, the operation resulted in the arrest of more than 25 individuals.
b) Operation HAZ and HAZ 2 – against the illegal transportation of hazardous waste across the border
between the USA and Canada. The two phases of this operation (2009 and 2010) resulted collectively in
663 inspections, 201 violations identified and 16 investigations launched.
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c) Operation MOGATLE – combating the illegal possession and trade of elephant ivory in six African
countries. More than 400 kg of ivory were seized, some 40 people arrested and an illegal factory closed
down.
Co-Ordinating A Global Response

• Environmental criminals often stand to gain high profits at a low risk from their activities. Due to the
complexity and diversity of the problem, the law enforcement response needs to combine increased co-
ordination in investigation, additional resources and effective deterrents.
• At INTERPOL, we assist our member countries in the effective enforcement of national and international
environmental laws in unison with the responsible law enforcement agencies across the world. In doing so
we can produce a co-ordinated global response to a truly international problem, combine our resources
against criminals who plough illegal profits back into their operations, and assist prosecutors in obtaining the
highest possible sentences against those convicted.
Providing Frontline Support

• We are currently engaged in a number of projects and operations including action against crimes that
contribute to loss of biodiversity, climate change, electronic waste trafficking and corruption, while also
working to strengthen environmental prosecution and create an international wildlife forensics database.
• Additionally, we have published a set of manuals for frontline law enforcement officers giving essential
guidelines on practical investigative techniques. These include manuals on how to question wildlife
smugglers, on concealment methods, and on “controlled deliveries” (allowing suspect or known illegal
shipments to continue to be transported from one country to another under controlled conditions in order to
gather information or to identify the persons involved).
The future
• Much has been achieved but environmental crime remains a growing international problem. At INTERPOL
we are expanding our existing partnerships with law enforcement agencies and environmental organizations,
and building up a co-ordinated network of specialized environmental law enforcement officers to lead
initiatives and form working groups to tackle specific environmental threats. A resolution adopted at the
INTERPOL General Assembly in 2010 raises the profile of our Environmental Crime Programme and urges
increased involvement from member countries, National Central Bureaus and partner organizations.
• Furthermore we are working to make sure that INTERPOL’s specialized tools, such as its secure
international communications systems, criminal intelligence databases, and criminal analysis expertise are
used to maximum effect against environmental crime.
OTHER CRIMES
1. CYBER CRIMES
A Growing Threat
• Cybercrime is one of the fastest growing areas of crime, as more and more criminals exploit the speed,
convenience and anonymity that modern technologies offer in order to commit a diverse range of crimes.
• These include attacks against computer data and systems, identity theft, the distribution of child sexual abuse
images, and Internet auction fraud.
• The global nature of the Internet allows criminals to commit almost any illegal activity anywhere in the
world, which makes it essential for all countries to adapt their domestic offline controls to cover crimes
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carried out in cyberspace. The use of the Internet by terrorists, particularly for recruitment and the incitement
of radicalization, poses a serious threat to national and international security.
Co-Ordinated Action
• INTERPOL collects, stores, analyses and shares information on cybercrime with all its member countries
through I-24/7, its global police communications system.
• Other aspects of INTERPOL’s cybercrime program are designed to:
1) facilitate operational co-operation among member countries through a list of contact officers available
around the clock for cybercrime investigation
2) increase the exchange of information among member countries on cybercrime modus operandi through
regional working parties and training workshops
3) assist member countries in the event of cyber-attacks or cybercrime investigations through
investigative and database services
4) develop strategic partnerships with other international organizations and private-sector bodies
GLOBAL INITIATIVES
1. National Central Reference Points network - In cybercrime investigations, it is vital that police can swiftly
seize digital data evidence while the majority of it is still intact, as well as co-operate across borders when a
cyber-attack involves multiple jurisdictions. INTERPOL has established a designated network of investigators
working in national computer crime units, called National Central Reference Points (NCRPs), to facilitate
operational contact among member countries as quickly as possible. These contacts are available 24 hours a
day, seven days a week, and are able to receive or provide information and/or requests for assistance. The
NCRPs are essential prerequisites for the establishment of an early warning system. More than 120 INTERPOL
National Central Bureaus have designated NCRPs.
2. INTERPOL working parties on IT crime - INTERPOL working parties on Information Technology (IT) crime
were created to facilitate the development of strategies, technologies and information on the latest IT crime
methods. There are regional working parties for Africa, the Americas, Asia and the South Pacific, Europe, and
the Middle East and North Africa.
The main activities of the working parties include:

a) exchanging information on recent trends in cybercrime in their region
b) enhancing operational co-operation among member countries through periodic meetings
c) creating materials for regional law enforcement agencies
d) providing a secure web portal for accessing operational information and documents
The European working parties on IT Crime have developed the INTERPOL IT Crime Manual, which describes
and lists investigation tools in detail. This manual is available on INTERPOL’s secure web pages or on CD-
ROM.
3. International Cybercrime Conference - INTERPOL organizes an International Conference on Cybercrime

every two years to provide a forum for the exchange of knowledge and expertise in cybercrime investigation.
The conference, hosted by member countries’ police services, brings together experts from law enforcement,
private industry and academia to present and discuss the latest technologies in the fight against cybercrime.
INTERPOL's role:
INTERPOL’s cybercrime programme is built around training and operations and works to keep up with emerging
threats. It aims to:
1) Promote the exchange of information among member countries through regional working parties and
conferences;
2) Deliver training courses to build and maintain professional standards;
3) Coordinate and assist international operations;
4) Establish a global list of contact officers available around the clock for cybercrime investigations;
5) Assist member countries in the event of cyber-attacks or cybercrime investigations through investigative and
database services;
26
6) Develop strategic partnerships with other international organizations and private sector bodies;
7) Identify emerging threats and share this intelligence with member countries;
8) Provide a secure web portal for accessing operational information and documents.
2. CORRUPTIONS
CORRUPTION
"Corruption is any course of action or failure to act by individuals or organizations, public or private, in violation of
law or trust for profit or gain."
• Corruption affects all regions of the world and all levels of society, but the impact is greatest in developing
countries. Every year, developing countries lose USD 50 million to 100 million through corrupt acts (World
Bank estimate, 2004).
• Corruption undermines political, social and economic stability and damages trust in institutions and
authorities. It also fuels transnational crime. Terrorists and organized criminals are aided in their illegal
activities by the complicity of corrupt public officials. Corruption is of particular concern for the world’s
police and judicial systems, as corruption in one country can compromise an entire international
investigation.
• There is clear recognition by the international community that further work to enhance cooperation between
law enforcement authorities is needed in order to coordinate global action against corruption.
What INTERPOL does

At INTERPOL, we are involved in a growing number of projects and partnerships as we develop our
capabilities in the fight against corruption worldwide. We are focusing increasingly on providing operational support
to our member countries.
Three major projects define our strategy:
1) International asset recovery: We are developing initiatives to assist law enforcement bodies in returning
stolen public funds to victim countries. The Global Focal Point Initiative, supported by INTERPOL and Star,
is a key tool in this area, allowing designated officers around the world to exchange information and better
coordinate their investigations.
2) Corruption Response Teams (CRTs) provide targeted operational support to countries that request it,
through a rapidly deployable team of INTERPOL experts in order to support ongoing corruption-related
investigations in the field.
3) The INTERPOL Group of Experts on Corruption (IGEC) develops and implements new initiatives to
strengthen the law enforcement response in the fight against corruption. A multi-disciplinary group with
members from all regions of the world, it coordinates and harmonizes different national and regional
approaches to corruption.
INTERPOL International Partners:

1. The World Bank;
2. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime;
3. US Department of States;
4. United Nations Development Program
5. Basel Institute Governance
27
3. FINANCIAL CRIME
4. FIREARMS
5. FIGUTIVES INVESTIGATION
6. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CRIME AND COUNTERFEITING

28
7. MARITIME PIRACY
8. ORGANIZED CRIME
9. PHARMACEUTICAL CRIME
10. TERRORISM
• Terrorism in all its forms constitutes a grave threat to international peace and security. INTERPOL has
designated the fight against terrorism as a priority crime area and has committed significant resources to
supporting member countries in their efforts to protect their citizens from all types of terrorism, including
bioterrorism, firearms and explosives, attacks against civil aviation, maritime terrorism, and weapons of mass
destruction.
29
• INTERPOL collects stores, analyses and exchanges information about suspected individuals and terrorist
groups with its member countries through I-24/7, its secure global police communications system. The
Organization also co-ordinates the circulation of alerts and warnings by means of specific tools such as its
color-coded international notices system.
• A chief initiative in this area is the Fusion Task Force, which was created in the aftermath of the 11
September attacks in the United States.
• CBRNe terrorism
o The umbrella term 'CBRNe' refers to terrorist incidents carried out with chemical, biological,
radiological, nuclear and explosives materials. Clearly, an attack of this nature would constitute a
major threat to public safety and security, both nationally and internationally.
a) CBRNe programme
b) Radiological and nuclear terrorism
c) Bioterrorism
d) Chemical and explosives terrorism
Fusion Task Force

• At the forefront of INTERPOL’s counter-terrorism activities is the Fusion Task Force (FTF). Created in
2002, the FTF assists member countries in terrorism-related investigations through a multi-disciplinary
approach. Its primary objectives are to identify members of groups involved in international terrorist activity
and to provide a searchable database of wanted or suspected terrorists. At the end of December 2009, 121
member countries were contributing to terrorism-related matters, with 218 designated FTF contact officers
forming a global network of specialists in this area.
• Six regional task forces have been created, each co-ordinated by an expert in the field of counter-terrorism
for the geographical area in question:
1) Project Al Qabdah (Middle East and North Africa);
2) Project Amazon (Central and South America);
3) Project Baobab (East, West and Southern Africa);
4) Project Kalkan (Central and South Asia);
5) Project Nexus (Europe);
6) Project Pacific (Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands).
• These projects are designed to identify active terrorist groups and their membership in specific regions;
solicit, collect and share information and intelligence; provide analytical support; enhance the capacity of
member countries to address the threat of terrorism, and identify and request FTF contact officers in member
countries.
• A working group meeting is held annually for each project. These meetings are operationally focused and
bring together specialists to exchange information, examine the current trends and issues in the region and
discuss case studies. The working groups provide a firm foundation from which to launch specific
investigations and, ultimately, dismantle terrorist networks and make arrests.
Main Goals
The FTF investigates not only attacks, but also organizational hierarchies, training, financing, methods and motives
of terrorist groups.
FTF's primary objectives are to:
1) Identify active terrorist groups and their membership;
2) Solicit, collect and share information and intelligence;
3) Provide analytical support;
4) Increase the capacity of member countries to address the threats of terrorism and organized crime.
Operational Assistance and Tools

• INTERPOL also provides assistance to member countries in the event of a terrorist attack. In the aftermath,
member countries may request the assistance of an INTERPOL Incident Response Team (IRT), which can
provide a range of investigative and analytical support services at the incident site in co-ordination with the
General Secretariat. These include:
30
1) The issue of international notices for fugitive terrorists;

2) Database queries of fingerprints or suspected fraudulent passports;
3) Money laundering expertise;
4) Victim identification co-ordination drawing on a wide network of international experts and laboratories.
• In addition, the INTERPOL-United Nations Security Council Special Notice was created in 2005 to alert
member countries to individuals and entities associated with Al Qaeda and the Taliban, as listed by the 1267
Committee of the UN Security Council, and to help countries implement the freezing of assets, travel bans
and arms embargoes. By the end of December 2009, more than 350 individuals and entities subject to UN
sanctions were listed on the INTERPOL website.
• An annual working group meeting for each project brings together specialists to exchange information,
examine trends in the region and discuss case studies. These working groups provide a firm operational basis
from which to launch investigations and, ultimately, dismantle terrorist networks.
• As well as tailoring activities to these regions, we also work closely with international organizations such as
the United Nations Al-Qaida and Taliban monitoring teams and the International Criminal Tribunal for the
Former Yugoslavia in order to maintain our lists of suspected terrorists.
COUNTER-TERRORISM TOOLS
• We also circulate alerts and warnings on terrorists, dangerous criminals and weapons threats to police in
member countries. These alerts are known as Orange Notices.
• Additionally, the INTERPOL-United Nations Security Council Special Notice is used to alert member
countries to individuals and entities associated with Al-Qaida and the Taliban, as listed by the 1267
Committee of the UN Security Council, and to help countries implement the freezing of assets, travel bans
and arms embargoes.
• In the event of a terrorist attack, member countries may request the assistance of an INTERPOL Incident
Response Team (IRT). Experts can be quickly deployed to the site of the incident to provide a range of
investigative and analytical support services, in coordination with the General Secretariat.
11. VEHICLE CRIME
12. WORKS OF ART

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INTERPOL EXPERTISE CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS
Intelligence Analysis
• Criminal intelligence analysis (also referred to as "crime analysis") is a recognized law enforcement support
tool.
• In recent years, analysis techniques have become increasingly used by police forces, international
organizations and the private sector.
INTERPOL's definition of criminal intelligence analysis is as follows:

– "The identification of and provision of insight into the relationship between crime data and other potentially
relevant data with a view to police and judicial practice."
The central tasks of analysis are to:

1) Help officials – law enforcers, policy makers, and decision makers – deal more effectively with uncertainty;
2) Provide timely warning of threats;
3) Support operational activity by analyzing crime.
Operational and Strategic Analysis

• Criminal intelligence analysis is divided into operational (or tactical) and strategic analysis. The basic skills
required are similar, and the difference lies in the level of detail and the type of client for whom the products
are produced.
• Operational analysis aims to achieve a specific law enforcement outcome. This might be arrests, seizure or
forfeiture of assets or money gained from criminal activities, or the disruption of a criminal group.
Operational analysis usually has an immediate benefit.
• Strategic analysis is intended to inform higher level decision making and the benefits are realized over the
longer term. It is usually aimed at managers and policy-makers rather than individual investigators. The
intention is to provide early warning of threats and to support senior decision-makers in setting priorities to
prepare their organizations to be able to deal with emerging criminal issues. This might mean allocating
resources to different areas of crime, increased training in a crime fighting technique, or taking steps to close
a loophole in a process.
• At INTERPOL, our criminal analysts provide both operational and strategic analytical support – to units
focusing on specialized crime areas, and to our member countries – as well as providing training and
consultancy in analytical matters.
RAID DATABASE
➢ The Real-time Analytical Intelligence Database (RAID) application is an analytical database created by
the US National Drug Intelligence Center which we are authorized to install for member countries free of
charge.
➢ In conjunction with its deployment, we offer training to assist users in cataloguing and analysing information
collected from seized evidence or other intelligence sources, and to organize and share case information of
criminal investigations.
32
Types of NoticeS
Red Notice Yellow Notice
To seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted To help locate missing
persons with a view to extradition. persons, often minors, or to
• Based on national arrest warrants, are used to help identify persons who
seek the arrest and extradition of suspects. are unable to identify
themselves.
Blue Notice Black Notice
To collect additional information about a person’s To seek information on
identity or activities in relation to a crime. unidentified bodies.
• Are used to seek information on the identity of • are used to
persons or on their illegal activities related to determine the
criminal matters. Such blue notices are used identity of deceased
primarily for tracing and locating offenders persons.
when the decision to seek to extradite has not
yet been made and for locating witnesses to
crime.
Green Notice Orange Notice
To provide warnings and intelligence about persons To warn of an event, a
who have committed criminal offences and are likely to person, an object or a
repeat these crimes in other countries. process representing a
serious and imminent threat
to public safety.
INTERPOL–United Nations Security Council Purple Notice
Special Notice To provide information on
Issued for individuals and entities that are subject to modi operandi, procedures,
UN sanctions. objects, devices and
concealment methods used
by criminals.

INTERPOL

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"Connecting police for a safer world"

"Preventing and fighting crime through enhanced international police co-operation"

Interpol’s Four Core Functions

1. Secure global police communication services

2. Operational data services and databases for police

3. Operational police support services

Interpol’s Leadership and Governance

Its role, in accordance with Article 22 of the Constitution, is to:

Composition of the Executive Committee

➢ National Central Bureaus (NCB)

INTERPOL 188 Member Countries

INTERPOL’S DISTINCTIVE SIGNS

The official abbreviations

O.I.P.C - Stands for Organization internationale de police criminelle'

The official name is 'ICPO-INTERPOL'

The emblem, in use since 1950, comprises the following elements:

• The GLOBE represents the worldwide activities of the INTERPOL

Background to the organization's distinctive signs

Protection of the distinctive signs

Authorization to use Interpol’s distinctive signs

In any event, authorization to use the organization's distinctive signs is limited:

Director General Philippine National Police ---------Chairman

MEMORANDUM ORDER NO. 92

Former Presidents (1964-2008)

80th INTERPOL 74th INTERPOL

79th INTERPOL 73rd INTERPOL

78th INTERPOL 72nd INTERPOL

77th INTERPOL 71st INTERPOL

76th INTERPOL 70th INTERPOL

75th INTERPOL 69th INTERPOL

2: 24/7 Support to policing and law enforcement

4: Assisting member countries in the identification of crimes and criminals

6: Legal foundation of INTERPOL

Drug trafficking (FACT SHEET)

Enhancing international co-operation

Projects and operational support against DRUG’S

Central Asia: Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan;

❖ Changing production trends:

• Two primary routes are used to smuggle heroin:

D: Synthetic drugs and precursor chemicals

2. CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN

❖ Exploitation via the Internet

❖ Central point of contact

❖ International Child Sexual Exploitation Image database

CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN

❖ What INTERPOL is doing

– Who does it?

3. TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEING

A: Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation

B: Trafficking for forced labor

C: Commercial sexual exploitation of children in tourism

TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS

Types of Human Trafficking

2. Trafficking for forced labor

3. Commercial sexual exploitation of children in tourism

❖ Operations PEOPLE SMUGGLING

– A number of recent operations have targeted forced child labor in Africa.

1. Operation Bia (2011)

2. Operation Bana (2010)

3. Operation Cascades (2010)

4. Operation Bia (2009)

❖ Organized Criminal Networks

– The INTERPOL Environmental Crime Programme: