H2S Management Strategy Report - Part 2

Synergy Approach to Revive H2S Producing Wells

Generally, H2S measured at the separator gas outlet (SP5) without any samples collected
upstream of the separator resulting less frequent monitoring in the piping corrosion rates. H2S STRATEGY SUMMARY
SWIFT’s recommend a further improvement in H2S measurement strategy on the pilot data
sampling frequency of SP 1 to 5 by
• H2S Concentration (ppm)
• Hourly basis until the well pressure stabilized • pH
• CO2
Drager Tube
• Subsequent data sample is required every 12 hours to ensure that the defense layer (Moderate Precision)
is not compromised
• Analyzed against SP1
• Fine-tune chemical dosage
CURTAIL H2S PRODUCTION • 1st post treatment measurement

H2S MITIGATION DECISION-MAKING:

Measurement
• Sampled H2S concentration, if any
• 2nd post treatment measurement H2S Analyzer

Tools
When addressing H2S problems production wells, a corrective action plan that describes the (Moderate Precision)
• Fine-tune chemical dosage
type of information must be compiled and a decision must be made, based on:
• Expecting the production to sour based on similar field history
• Sampled H2S concentration, if any
• Perform H2S material balance including estimated H2S in reservoir and compare with • 3rd post treatment measurement
field measurement • Fine-tune chemical dosage

• Capabilities on using H2S Scavenger Lab Titration

(High Precision)
• The chemical injected into mixed production streams or required a contact tower • Sampled H2S concentration, if any
• Gas Sampling Bomb - high
Once the reservoir souring quantification is determined, a mitigation plan must be selected pressure gas samples for lab test
LEGEND
and implemented, as shown below:
• Safety concern in production streams - immediately
• Souring based on field history • Capabilities on using H2S Scavenger
• Absence of CO2 or pH conditions - Alkanolamines/Triazines should be used as it has • Chemical injected into mixed production
• H2S Material balance and compare with field
the least toxic of scavengers measurement samples 1 streams or required a contact tower
• If CO2 and low pH presents, amines may deactivated and other scavengers such as
Aldehydes, Acrolein or Oxidants must be used
Figure 1. Schematic of a H2S producing well with recommended data sample point, static mixer and test separator The preferred H2S Scavenger injection into the piping is at the corrosion coupon of the well
1. Background PRAGMATIC SURVEILLANCE flowline prior to the proposed static mixer.
• On-site measurement
It needs to be in contact with the crude oil for a suitable time (retention time) to reduce the 2 • Multiple methods
(Drager Tube/Analyzer/ Titration)
It is pivotal to a souring strategy where measuring H2S in crude oil brings a challenge to H2S concentration below the required value of 5 ppm without any necessary modification
A characteristic of reservoir souring is that not all production wells show the same increase in hydrogen the industry. depending on several variables
sulfide (H2S) concentration at the same time with a proven data measurement within Malaysia When H S is detected in a production system, analysis must be performed immediately to • Injection dose rate
2 • H2S Production more than 100
production assets (Cendor, St. Joseph and Dulang) from 100 ppm to as high as 1100 ppm (Cendor, determine • Crude velocity
2021; St. Joseph, 2020; Dulang, 2020). 3 ppm/ high watercut
• Determine H2S Scavenger
• Concentration of H2S present • Pipe length and diameter
The root cause can be determined by inconsistent monitoring and poor compliance over an extended • Source of sulfides • Pressure
period of time, which are divided into 3 types:
• If the H2S levels observed will cause operational problems • H2S concentration at the inlet
• Attempt to deal with H2S after it has been generated and produced from the reservoir • Safety concern
The importance of monitoring H S in the continuous operation of equipment allows • Corrosion 4 5 (Immediately)
KEY ENABLERS
2

• Reduce the mass of H2S generated by over injecting chemicals management to

• Identify any abnormality to the integrity of assets SCAVINATOR (NON-TRIAZINE):
• Prevent H2S from being produced (Shut-in the well)
• Quick turnaround in remedial actions can be implemented effectively
• A water-soluble scavenger to control H2S and removes sulfide from gases and liquids.
Recent assessment from SWIFT Water Injection Program (WIP) benchmark – estimated Loss-in-
Although, accurate data from 1 sampling point is the minimum requirement, it is impossible • Has the least effect on pH • CO2
Production (LIP) from idle beneficial oil producers are
to determine the presence of corrosion or microbial activity and its effect on the sulfide • Low pH
• Reduce the formation of mineral scale plus contains a solid inhibitor that can prevent
• 3 at Cendor (470 bopd) concentration.
accumulation without affecting the efficiency of the scavenger, with a record on the
• 3 at Dulang (987 bopd) As shown in Figure 1, collecting 5 data sampling point (SP) will be more representative and H2S removal up to 95%
able to see if the sulfide concentration in the entire production line is increased by the SRB. • Aldehydes
STATIC MIXER • Acrolein • Alkanolamines
Amounting to a total of RM 84 mil/year (Oil price of USD 40 per bbl and an exchange rate of RM 4). Sampling Point 1: 6 • Oxidants 7 • Triazines
• Recommendation to install after the injection of H2S scavenging agent • Scavinator
This paper focuses on technical solutions in a conscientious approach to address reservoir souring by • The collected samples at the upstream of chemical Injection post X-mas tree is free of
proactive remedial treatments and synergistic approach to revive well production. • Allow for the inline continuous blending of crude and chemical within a pipeline and
chemical contamination and required on H2S concentration, pH and C02
expedite the retention time from 2 minutes to 1.2 minutes (40% reduction)
Sampling Point 2:
• Cost-effective manner (minimum modification required)
2. Key Strategy • Once the crude oil passes through the Static Mixer, further sampling is required to ensure
the success rate of effective H2S removal
• If sampling data is unfavorable, a quick turn-around on the H2S Scavenger can be done
Profound understanding of the field is required and corrective actions must be taken to formulate by adjusting the chemical dosage 3. References
decision making strategies.The key strategies are intended to be used for an effective reservoir souring Test Separator Sampling Point (Sampling Point 3 -5):
management approach focusing on 3 pillars: • A final sampling point is required at the outlet of the SP 3 to 5 test separator. This will
• Pragmatic Surveillance ensure that the H2S concentration is below the expected 5 ppm and the partial pressure 1. SWIFT_WIP H2S Wells_Aug20-21 R1 • Retention Time Reduction
• Minimum modification (Cost-efficient)
lower than 0.05 psi
2. MPM_Cendor AMIR Report_Aug01-2020
• Curtail H2S production with viable decision-making strategies • For analysis in laboratory, a gas sampling bomb specially designed for collecting and
3. SEAH_StJoseph AMIR_Jul10-2020 • Reduce high H2S concentration to 5 ppm
• Key Enablers with in state-of-the-art methods storing high pressure gas samples is required at the gas outlet (SP5) • Least effect on pH and reduce formation mineral scale
4. MPM_Dulang AMIR Report_Jul15-2020

2021 - Copyright of Petrovirtus/Vision Petroleum

Title :
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: This document is prepared by and is the property of Petrovirtus (Virtus) and Vision
Petroleum International (Vision); neither it nor any part nor a copy thereof is to be published or disclosed
without first securing the express written approval from Virtus/Vision. Accordingly, any user of this document
Client : PETRONAS RESOURCE MASTERPLAN Originator : SAM E-mail :
sam@petrovirtus.com H2S Management Strategy Report - Part 2
agrees that Virtus/Vision shall not be liable for any loss or damage, regardless of cause, including any act
Prepared by :
SAM E-mail :
sam@petrovirtus.com
or omission of Virtus/Vision resulting from the use of the data reported herein; and Virtus/Vision makes no
warranties, expressed or implied, whether of fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability or otherwise, as Reviewed by : E-mail :
to the accuracy of the document reported. This document may however, be used at the sole risk of the user, Project : PROVISION OF WATER INJECTION PERFORMANCE KPT/LBH/IIM/MAS
in the course of regular business operation by any person or concern and employees thereof receiving such MANAGEMENT UNDER SPECIALIZED WATER Rev :
report from Virtus/Vision. INJECTION FAST TRACK (SWIFT)
Approved by : ARY E-mail : ary@visionpetroleum.com Date : Status : Project/Ref No. : Document No.: Sheet No./Sheets :
Aug27-21 Review TBA 1 of 1 R2