SECTION (2

Integers, powers and

roots

Integers
Integers are whole numbers, and can be positive, negative or zero.Integers can be
added together, subtracted from each other, multiplied and divided.
Example 1: Use the number line below to add (-2) and (-1).
Start at (-2) and move 1 in a negative direction.

+4 +5 +6 +7
-3 -2 -1 +2
-5

+ (-1) (-3) or -3
So (-2)

Example 2: Use a number line to calculate (+3) - (+4).

Start at (+3) and move 4 in a negative direction.

+2 +7
-3 -2 +1

So (+3) - (+4) = (-1) or -1

Exercise 8.1
Use a number line if necessary to answer questions 1-4.

-1
b) (+2) + (-3) = __
a) (+5) + (+4): +9

d) (+5) -2
+ (-7) = _
c) (+3) (-3) 0

-11
f) (-1) + (+2) = _
e) (+2) + (-5) -3

h) (-3) + (+2) + (+4) = -13

g) (-3) + (+5) = -12
b
i) (-7) (+4) + (-1) = _
-
4 j) (-1) + (-2) + (-3) = -
 a) (+3) - (+1) = _-12
_ b) (+4) - (+3) = -11
__

c) (+2) - (+4) = _ -

2 d) (+5) - (+6) = _
I -

e) (-3) - (-2) = __ I-
f) (-4) - (-1) = __
-3

g) (-3) - (-2) = . -1 h) (+4) - (-1) = -15

__

i) (-5) - (-4) = ____

1 - -5
j) (-7) - (-2) = _

3 a) -3
(+3) + (-4) + (-2) = ___ b) (-4) + (-3) + (+7) = _
0

c) (-4) - (+2) + (-3) = ___

9 -
d) (-2) - (-3) - (+7) = _
-6

e) (-5) - (-2) + (+3) = _

O f) (-3) + (-3) - (-6) = O

O
g) (-1) - (-4) + (-3) = _ __ h) (-4) - (-2) + (-3) - -

i) (-2) + (-2) - (-2) = __ 2 j) (-3) - (-3) + (-3) = -3

-

a) The temperature is 15°C and falls by 8°C.

The final temperature is 7°C

b) The temperature is 12°C and falls by 7°C.

The final temperature is 5°C

c) The temperature is 9°C and rises by 2'C.

The final temperature is 17°C

d) The temperature is 8°C and rises by 6'C.

The final temperature is 14°C

e] The temperature is 3°C and falls by 6'C.

The final temperature is -

3°C
 INTEGERS, POWERS AND ROOTS O

f) The temperature is 0°C and falls by 8°C.

The final temperature is -8°C

g) The temperature is 23°C and falls by 6°C.

The final temperature is 17°C

h) The temperature is -6°C and rises by 12°C.

The final temperature is 6°C

i) The temperature is -3°C and falls by 6°C.

The final temperature is -9°C

j) The temperature is -9°C and rises by 2°C.

The final temperature is -

7°C

5 Complete the grids below. Some answers are already filled in.

Add +3 = -3 Subtract +5

+4 +7 +5 +3 +1 -1 +8 +3 +5 -17 -19 +11

+2 +s +3 -11 -1 -4 +6
+ I +3 -17 +9

-2
-11 -1 -3 -5 -7 +4 -

I +1 -3 -15 +7

-2 -7 -5 l
-1 -3 -5 -7 -9 -3 -

+1

-3 -
s
-
7 -11 -6 -11 -9 -7 -5 -3

33
CHAPTER 8

Factors and primes

number is a whole number that divides into it exactly.
A factor of a

A prime number is a number which has only two factors, 1 and itself.
A prime factor is a factor of a number which is also a prime number.
The common factors of set of numbers are the numbers which are
factors of all
of them.

Example 1: List all the factors of 120 and circle the prime factors.
1 23 5 6 8 10 12 15 20 24 30 40 60 120
The multiples of number are the numbers in its times table. The common
multiples of two or more numbers are the numbers which are multiples of all
of them.

Example 2: The multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, etc.

The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, etc.
The numbers 12, 24, etc. appear in both lists so they are common
multiples of 3 and 4.

Exercise 8.2

1 For each of these pairs of numbers, list the factors of each

number and then write
down the common factors.

a) 6
1,213,6
12
1,2 , 3,4 , 6,12
Common factors 7,213,6
b) 35
115,7
49 1,7

Common factors 1,7

c) 6
112,3
15 1. 3,5

Common factors
1,3
 INTEGERS, POWERS AND ROOTS 0

d) 10 32,5

25 1,5

Common factors
1,5
e) 24 1,2 , 3,4 , 6,8, 12

25 1,5

Common factors 1

For each pair of numbers in questions 2 and 3, list multiples of each number and
then write down two common multiples.
2 a) 2 2,4 , ④ 8,10 , 14 , 16,180,20 22,024 , .
.
.

360,9 15,018 21,240,27

,
. . .

Common multiples 6,12 , 18,24

b) 3 3,619,12 ,④ , 18,21 ,
24
, 27,300
5,10 ,④ , 20,25 ,⑧

Common multiples 15,30

4,8/12,16 , ④ .
. .

④
5 5
, 70,15 , ④ -
. .

⑨
Common multiples 20,56

d) 4 4,8 , 12,16 , 20124,28 .

.
.

7 , 14,21 ,
28 . . .

Common multiples 28

35
 CHAPTER 8

e) 10
④ ⑨ ⑤i④⑤ i
. .

5
, ① ,
15
, ④ 25,300,35 400,4s ⑧ , , .
. .

Common multiples 10 , 20 30 , 40 SO . . .

,
,

④ ④④ -
.

2
,
4
,
④8 ,
10 , ④ ,
16
, ⑧ .
.
.

Common multiples 6 72 78 . .
.

, ,

b) 3 3, 6 9
, ,
12
,
15 18 ,
, ④ .
-
.

7 14
, ④
Common multiples 27

8 ,
16 , ④ , 32,40 ④ .
.
.

12 12 36 ④
Common multiples 24
, 48

d) 2 2
,
H
,
b
,
8
,
10
,
12
,
I 4
,
16
,
I 8
,
20
⑤ -
- .

11 11
, ④
Common multiples 22

Squares
A square number is made by multiplying an integer by itself. A short way of writing
square numbers is to use indices.
Example: 7 x 7 = 72 = 49
 INTEGERS, POWERS AND ROOTS 0

Square roots
Finding the square root of a number is the inverse of squaring.
Example: V49 = 7

Exercise 8.3

Without using a calculator, write down the squares of these numbers.

72=49
a) 7__ b) 11 712--121 c) 52--25

d) 12 122=144 e) 13 132--169 f) 15 152--225

Without using a calculator, write down these square roots.

a) /64 =8 b) /144 72 c) /81 =9

d) /225 AS e) /625 =2S f) /10 000 =/ 00

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