UNIVERSIDAD CENTROAMERICANA

DE CIENCIAS EMPRESARIALES

MATEMATICA
Docente: Greyving J. Arguello M.

ESTUDIANTE: RAQUEL GUZMÁN MARTÍNEZ

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS

TEMA: NUMEROS COMPLEJOS

 I. Completar el cuadro (complete el primer ejemplo)

Complejo Z Parte Real Re(z) Parte Imaginaria Opuesto -z Conjugado z

Im(z)
Z=2+3i Re(z) = 2 Im(z) = 3 -z = -2-3i z=2−3i
Z=3-i Re(z)=3 Im(z)=-1 -z=-3+i z=3+i
Z=1+i Re(z)=1 Im(z)=1 -z=-1-i z=1−i
z=3−3 √3 i Re(z)=3 Im(z)= −3 √ 3 -z=−3+3 √ 3 i z=3+3 √ 3 i
Z=-3 Re(z)=0 Im(z)=0 -z=0 z=3
Z=-2i Re(z)=0 Im(z)=-2 -z=2 z=2 i
Z=i Re(z)=0 Im(z)=1 -z=-i z=−i

II. Dados los complejos z 1=2+3 i, z 2=−1+ 4 i y z 3=2−5 i , hallar:

1. z 1+ z2 =2+ 3i−1+ 4 i=1+7 i
2. z 1+ z3 =2+3 i+2−5 i=4−2 i
3. z 1−z 3=2+3 i−( 2−5i )=2+ 3i−2+ 5i=0+8 i=8 i
4. z 3−z 2=2−5i−(−1+ 4 i )=2−5 i+1−4 i=3−9 i
5. 3 z 2−2 z 3 =3 (−1+ 4 i )−2 ( 2−5 i )=−3+ 12i−( 4−10i ) =−3+12 i−4 +10i=−7+22 i
6. 2 z1 −3 z 2=2 ( 2+3 i )−3 (−1+4 i )=4 +6 i−(−3+12 i )=4+6 i+3−12 i=7−6 i
7. z 3−3 z 1+ 4 z 2=2−5i−3 (2+3 i ) +4 (−1+4 i )=2−5 i−6−9 i−4 +16 i=−8+ 2i
8. z 1+ z2 =¿
z 2=−1−4 i
z 1+ z2 =2+ 3i−1−4 i=1−i
9. z 3 + z 3=¿
z 3=2+5 i
z 3 + z 3=2−5 i+2+5 i=4
10. 2 z1 −z1 =¿
z 1=2−3 i
2 z1 −z1 =2 ( 2−3 i ) −( 2+ 3i ) =4−6 i−2−3 i=2−9 i

III. Dados los números complejos anterior encontrar:

2
1. z 1 ∙ z 2=( 2+3 i )(−1+ 4 i )=−2+8 i−3 i+12i =−2+5 i+12 (−1 )=−2+5 i−12=−14+5 i
2
2. z 1 ∙ z 3=( 2+3 i )( 2−5 i )=4−10 i+ 6i −15i =4−4 i−15 (−1 )=4−4 i+15=19−4 i
3. z 3−z 2=2−5i−(−1+ 4 i )=2−5 i+1−4 i=3−9 i
4.
2
z 1 ( z 2 + z 3 )=( 2+3 i ) (−1+ 4 i+2−5 i )=( 2+3 i ) (1−i )=2−2 i +3 i−3 i =2+ i−3 (−1 )=2+i +3=5+ i
5.
z 1−z 2 ∙ z 3=( 2+3 i )−(−1+4 i )( 2−5 i )=( 2+3 i )−( −2+ 5i+8 i−20 i 2 )=2+3 i+2−5 i−8 i+20 i 2=2+3 i+ 2−5 i−
2 2 2 2
6. ( z 1 ) =( 2+3 i ) =4 +2 ( 2 )( 3 i ) + ( 3 i ) =4+ 12i+9 i =4 +12i−9=−5+12i
2 2 2 2 2
7. ( z 1−z 3 ) =( 2+3 i−(2−5 i) ) =( 2+3 i−2+5 i ) =( 8 i) =64 i =−64
 2
8. z 1 ∙ z 1=( 2+3 i )( 2−3 i )=4−9 i =4−(−9 )=13
9. z 1−z 1=2+3 i−( 2−3 i )=6i
10.
z 2 ∙ ( 2 z1 −3 z 3 ) =(−1+4 i ) [ 2 (2+3 i )−3 ( 2−5i ) ] = (−1+ 4 i ) [ ( 4+ 6i ) −( 6−15 i ) ] =(−1+ 4 i )(−2+ 21i )=2−21i−8
11.
2
( 3 z 1+ 2 z 2 ) =[ 3 ( 2+3 i )+ 2(−1+4 i )] =[ 6+9 i−2+ 8i ] =( 4+17 i ) =16+136 i +17 i =16+136 i +17 (−1 )=16+
2 2 2 2

12.
z 2 ∙ z 1 ∙ z3 =(−1+4 i ) ( 2−3 i ) (2−5 i ) =(−2+3 i+ 8 i−12i ) ( 2−5 i )=( 10+11 i )( 2−5 i )=20−50 i+ 22i−55 i =75−
2 2

2 2 2 2
13. z 1 −z 1 =( 2+ 3i ) − ( 2−3 i ) =( 4 +12i−9 )−( 4−12i−9 )=24 i

Calcular:

1. ( 2+5 i )( 3+ 4 i )=6+ 8 i+15 i+20 i2 =6+13 i−20=−14+13 i

2. ( 1+3 i )( 1+i )=1+i +3 i+3 i 2=1+ 4 i−3=−2+4 i
3. ( 1+i )(−1−i )=−1−i−i+i 2=−1−2i−1=−2−2i
4. ( 2−5 i ) i=2i−5i 2=2 i+5=5+ 2i
5. ( 2+5 i )( 2−5i )=4−25 i 2=4 +25=29

IV. Calcular:

1+ 3i
1. =¿
1+i
2
1+ 3i 1−i 1−i+ 3i+3 i 1+2 i−3 −2+2i
. = = =
1+i 1−i 1−i 2 1−(−1) 2

2+i
2. =¿
3+4 i
2+i 3−4 i 6−8 i+3 i−4 i 2 6−5i+ 4 10−5 i −5i−10
∙ = 2
= = =
3+4 i 3−4 i 9+16 i 9−16 −7 7

1+i
3. =¿
1−i
2
1+i 1+i 1+2 i+i 1+2i−1 2 i
∙ = = = =i
1−i 1+i 1−i
2
1+1 2

3+5 i
4. =¿
1−i
3+5 i 1+i 3+3 i+5 i+5 i 2 3+ 8 i−5 −2+ 8 i
∙ = = = =−1+ 4 i
1−i 1+i 1−i 2 1+ 1 2
 2−5 i
5. =¿
i
2−5 i i 2 i−5 i 2 2 i+ 5
∙ = 2
= =−5−2 i
i i i −1

20+30 i
6. =¿
3+i

2
20+30 i 3−i 60−20 i+90 i−30 i 60+70 i+30 90+70 i
∙ = = = =9+7 i
3+i 3−i 9−i 2 9+1 10

i
7. =¿
3−2 i

2
i 3+2 i 3 i+2i 3i−2 3 i−2
∙ = = =
3−2 i 3+2 i 9−4 i 2 9+4 13

1+ i
8. =¿
i

1+ i i i+i 2 i−1
∙ = 2 = =1−i
i i i −1

1+ 2i
9. =¿
2−i

2
1+ 2i 2+i 2+i+ 4 i+2 i 2+5 i−2 3 i
∙ = = =
2−i 2+i 4−i 2 4+1 5

1−i
10. =¿
2+ 3i

2
1−i 2−3 i 2−i−3 i+3 i 2−4 i−3 −1−4 i
∙ = 2
= =
2+ 3i 2−3 i 4−9 i 4+ 9 13

V. Convierta los siguientes números complejos a polar, exponencial y trigonométrico

1. 3+ 4 i
trigonometrica:

z=|z|( cos ( α ) +i sin ( α ) )

|z|=√ a2 +b2= √ 9+ 16= √25=5
α =tan−1 ( 43 )=53.13
z=|5|( cos ( 53.13 ) +isin ( 53.13 ) )

Polar

Z=553.13

Exponencial

αi 53.13 i
z=r e =5 r

2. 3−4 i
trigonometrica:

z=|z|( cos ( α ) +i sin ( α ) )

|z|=√ a2 +b2= √ 9+ 16= √25=5
α =tan−1 ( −43 )=−53.13
z=|5|( cos (−53.13 ) +isin (−53.13 ))
Polar

Z=5306.87

Exponencial

αi −53.13i
z=r e =5 r

3. −3+ 4 i
trigonometrica:

z=|z|( cos ( α ) +i sin ( α ) )

 |z|=√ a2 +b2= √ 9+ 16= √25=5
α =tan−1 ( −43 )=53.13
z=|5|( cos ( 53.13 ) +isin ( 53.13 ) )
Polar

Z=5126.87

Exponencial

αi 126.87 i
z=r e =5 r

4. −5+12 i
trigonométrica:

z=|z|( cos ( α ) +i sin ( α ) )

|z|=√ a2 +b2= √25+144= √ 169=13
α =tan
−1
( −512 )=157.39
z=|13|( cos ( 157.39 ) +isin ( 157.39 ) )

Polar

Z=13157.39

Exponencial

αi 157.39 i
z=r e =13 r

5. −8 i
trigonométrica:

z=|z|( cos ( α ) +i sin ( α ) )

|z|=√ a2 +b2= √0+ 64=√ 64=8
α =tan
−1
( −80 )=270
z=|8|( cos ( 270 ) +i sin ( 270 ) )
 Polar

Z=8270

Exponencial

αi 270i
z=r e =8 r

6. 8

trigonométrica:

z=|z|( cos ( α ) +i sin ( α ) )

|z|=√ a2 +b2= √8+ 0= √64=8
α=tan−1 ( 08 )=0
z=|8|( cos ( 0 ) +i sin ( 0 ) )

Polar

Z=80

Exponencial

αi 0i
z=r e =8 r

7. -8

trigonométrica:

z=|z|( cos ( α ) +i sin ( α ) )

|z|=√ a2 +b2= √8+ 0= √64=8
α =tan−1 ( −08 )=180
z=|8|( cos ( 180 ) +i sin ( 180 ) )
 Polar

Z=8180

Exponencial

αi 180i
z=r e =8 r

8. 3+2 i

trigonométrica:

z=|z|( cos ( α ) +i sin ( α ) )

|z|=√ a2 +b2= √9+ 4=√ 13
α =tan
−1
( 23 )=33.69
z=|√13|( cos ( 33.69 )+ i sin ( 33.69 ) )

Polar

Z=√ 1333.69

Exponencial

z=r e = √ 13 r
αi 33.69 i

9. −2−5 i

trigonométrica:

z=|z|( cos ( α ) +i sin ( α ) )

|z|=√ a2 +b2= √ 4+25=√ 29
α =tan−1 ( 52 )=248.19
z=|√ 29|( cos ( 248.19 )+ isin ( 248.19 ) )

Polar
 Z=√ 29248.19

Exponencial

z=r e = √ 29 r
αi 248.19 i