India – Fuel Carbon Imports (2018 -19 estimates)

Commodity Import, MMT/yr %C Imported C, MMT/yr

Crude Oil 220 85% 190
Coal 200 75% 150
Natural Gas 15 77% 11.6

Demand Side Response

• Reduce energy requirement (enhance efficiency)
• Reduce carbon requirement (non -carbon energy e.g.
solar, wind, geothermal)
Supply Side Response
Find about 350 MMT of domestic carbon (on current
basis) to replace our fuel carbon imports

Need energy security solutions that ALSO reduce GHG Emissions

 A BASKET OF POSSIBILITIES
INCUMBENT REPLACEMENT TECHNOLOGY
Diesel Biodiesel, Green Diesel, Esterification, Hydroprocessing ,
Bio-based oxygenates Fermentation, Syngas conversion
(alcohols and ethers)
Aviation Turbine Bio-ATF Hydroprocessing, Sugar
Fuel conversion, alcohol-to-jet, F-T
Gasoline (Petrol / Ethanol (1G), Ethanol F-T, Gas Fermentation, Alcohol-
Motor Spirit) (2G), Methanol, Green to-gasoline, Hydroprocessing ,
(drop-in) gasoline Pyrolysis/Catalytic Cracking
CNG / PNG Bio-CNG/Bio-PNG, HCNG, Waste Fermentation
Bio-H2
Marine Fuel / Green heavy distillate, Hydroprocessing, Pyrolysis/FCC,
Industrial Fuel Oil biomass-derived oils HTL, MSW-thermochemical
processing
Technologies available or emerging: Tech-neutral policies desirable
Need to support deployment / demonstration projects and supply chains
 Supply Chain for Oils and Fats (Lipids)
• Today: ONLY Food value chain by -products
– Used Cooking Oil (UCO)
– Palm Stearin; other edible oil refining co -products
– Fats/oils from slaughterhouses, poultry, fisheries
• EMERGING
– Tree borne oils (regional TBOs, not just jatropha )
– Rotation crops (e.g. carinata: early success in Punjab)
• FUTURISTIC
– Microbial oils
– Dairy and sewage fats
– Repurposed plants – Tobacco, hemp, rubber
Required at 5% of diesel + 10% of jet demand ~ 6 million liters per year
Estimated available today ~ 3 million liters including UCO
 Used Cooking Oil (UCO)
Dehradun Case Study

Launched in Dec 2019 with

Food Safety and Standards
Authority of India (FSSAI) and
NGO Partner SDC Foundation

In 3 months from launch

~ 20 participating F&B
Outlets
~ 1000L per week
 Decentralized: Biodiesel in Every Village
CSIR- IIP Room Temperature Biodiesel Process

ü Ambient catalytic conditions

ü After separation of glycerin,
biodiesel purified by water wash
ü Well suited to distributed, small
scale make-and-use operation
ü Unskilled user operation with
some essential safety training
ü “Drop and drive” rural
community model enabled
ü Will stimulate social agroforestry,
oilseed collection and fallow land
rotation crops
Vision: 200 L/day biodiesel, 50 ,000+ locations across India
Cumulative equivalent of one petroleum refinery diesel unit
 Centralized: Bio-jet Fuel

Civilian Flight Bombardier Q400

Operated by SpiceJet
Dehradun-Delhi
27 August 2018

Military Flight
Indian Air Force AN -32
Republic Day Parade
26 January 2019

Demand assurance by IAF and a Private Airline; Supply sources identified; MOU
progressing with engineering partner; 15000 L/day Demo plant PFR ready
 In Conclusion...
• Biofuels can significantly enhance India’s energy security
and reduce petroleum import dependence
• Scalability has been the primary constraint
• Focus on maximizing carbon sources and extensive local
usage is essential for nationwide deployment
• Concerted effort required along the whole value chain
with transparently shared rewards
• Policies are conducive but need to move quickly towards
technology neutrality and enforceable mandates
Great Backyard Bird
Count, 2018
64 bird species

World Environment Day, 2017

90+ butterfly and moth species

Thank You
Community Participation in Biofuel Program

World Bio Fuel Day

Biofuels – Towards Atma Nirbhar Bharath
10 August 2020

Webinar Organised by
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Government of India

Ramakrishna Y B
Member Expert – Working group on Bio fuels
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
Email: ybramakrishna@gmail.com
 Bio Fuels – Highly Decentralised
• Biofuels, which are environment friendly, renewable,
derived from biological sources are decentralised by its
nature
• Resources such as agricultural residues, Industrial
organic discharge, animal dung and MSW are available
distributed across the country
• Availability of agriculture residues are very seasonal
• It is economically unviable to transport them over long
distances and energy intensive
• It is important to aggregate, stock and consume these
resources locally by adoption of different conversion
pathways for the Biofuel program to be sustainable
 Feed Stock Supply Chain
• While resource availability, technology mapping and
policy initiatives are remarkable, lot needs to be done on
supply chain
• We are yet to set a clear policy direction and evolve a
proper mechanism for scientific aggregation, storage and
creation of unhindered supply chain to Industry which
otherwise will jeopardize the investments
• It is unfortunate that the ecosystem being created does
not consider the producer of the feedstock as an
important stake holder, though stressed upon in the
objective
• Investment into creating the supply chain is critical and
acts as Insurance to the huge investment being made
into the sector
 Community Participation – How?
• Farming community to be educated that the agri.
Residues and animal dung etc are not wastes but
resources and create an ecosystem for their participation
– through creation of Biomass depots, collection centers
and creation of entrepreneurs
• Identify and facilitate proper harvest and aggregation
through equipment and machinery at affordable costs
• By putting in place a scientific pricing mechanism in
place for the surplus feedstock
• Recognizing the supply chain as an important aspect of
Biofuel program and achieving total financial inclusion
 Multiple Feed Stock Generation – TBO’S
• India has over 400 naturally
occurring TBO species
• Prominent ones being (oil
percentage) Pongamia,
Neem, Mahua, Jatropha,
Simarouba Glauca,
Callophylum Innophylum,
Vetteria Indica, Rubber
Kokum etc;
• Trees integrated with
agriculture
• TBO’s on waste and
marginal lands
• Can be planted on nearly
50-100 Million Hectare of
land
 Multiple Feed Stock Generation – Short
gestation oil seed crops
• We used to grow oil seed crops as Intercrop and stand
alone Rabi Crop traditionally
• Start yielding in 3-4 months duration resulting in
reduction of gestation period. Can easily bring 30-40
Mha of land under cultivation of these crops
• Additional Income to farmers, Soil nourishment and
increase in Organic content of soil
• Staggered planting will produce consistence supply of
raw material
• Crop residue Can be used as a raw material for
cellulosic ethanol production as well as CBG
 Potential Candidate Crops
• Ricinus Communis (Castor) as feed stock for Bio Diesel
• Hibiscus Cannabinus (Kenaf, Phundi, Ambadi, Gongura)
• High Linoleic Safflower- South and Central India
• Wild Brassica (Toria) - North India
• Flax seed (Javas/ Linseed)- Central and Eastern Part
• Citrullus Colosynthis (Tumbe / Indrayan)
• Crambe (Related to Rapeseed)
 Piloting Sweet Sorghum/Pearl millet as
biofuel feedstock
• Improved Sweet Sorghum cultivars
andmost suitable genotypes for 1G
ethanol production identified
• High biomass Sorghum cultivars with
ability to give multiple cuts from single
planting developed
• Biomass types with low-lignin types
with high digestibility developed and
field tested
• The powdered dry biomass of sorghum
yielded >50% higher gas than same
quantity of paddy straw upon testing in
anaerobic digesters
 Some points to Ponder
Land
• 360 Million Ha of total land – 50% arable
• Only 50 -60 Million Ha is irrigated where 2 -3 crops are grown
• 40 Million Ha. Left barren for various reasons
• Another 80 -100 Mha is under rain fed cultivation and the land is
rendered unproductive for 7 -8 months in a year
• Arguably another 100 Mha of waste(D) land available in India
Resources
• Dove tail programs with MGNREGA, Afforestation (VFC’s),
Watershed programs(Watershed Societies), National Rural Lively -
hood program and NOOMP
• Budgetary support from Center and states
Roles : Community driven
• Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare, MoEF&CC, Rural
Development, State Bio Fuel Boards on a Mission Mode
Rural Development Potential and accrual
of Benefits to Society
• Better utilisation of land resource – Higher productivity.
• Achieve both Food and Energy Security
• Multiple crops- Multiple incomes for farmers
• Job creation due to production of feed stock, supply
chain activities and value addition
• Increased entrepreneurial opportunities
• Accrual of Environmental benefits
• Move away from chemicals based agriculture to Organic
farming
• Scope for improving existing skill sets & acquiring new
one and capacity building
Thank You
 World Biofuel Day – 2020
1G Ethanol

Subodh Batra
ED – SOD, HPCL

Unfolding the Next Leap …… August 10 th 2020

 Categories of Biofuels

First Generation Second Generation Third Generation

Biofuels Biofuels Biofuels

• Ethanol • 2G Ethanol • Micro-

organisms like
• Biodiesel • Drop-in fuels algae based
• Bio-CNG Biofuels

• Bio-Methanol

2 01 02 03
Benefits of Biofuels

Reduction in Cleaner
Energy security
Import Environment
to nation
Dependency

Infrastructural Additional
Employment
Investment in Income to
Generation
Rural Areas Farmers

3
World Biofuel Day – 2020
International market scenario of Ethanol
Renewable Energy accounts for 14% of global energy demand and 73% of which
comes from Biofuels

The share of biofuels in the transport sector is about 3 -4% globally

Ethanol accounts for about 62% of the global biofuel production

USA and Brazil are dominant in Ethanol production and account 87% of
Global Production
Europe and Asia accounts for 6 & 7% respectively of global Ethanol
production

Production of ethanol is expected to increase during 2020 -27; CAGR: 4.8%

India has target of achieving 10% Ethanol blending by 2022 and 20% Ethanol
4
blending by 2030
World Biofuel Day – 2020
Journey of Ethanol Blending Program
Ethanol Blended Ethanol Blended
Quantity : 66.5 Cr. Ltr . Quantity : 188 Cr. Ltr . 2018 -19
2019 -20
EBP % : 2.1 EBP % : 5

2017 -18 Ethanol Blended

2016 -17 Ethanol Blended
Quantity : 150.5 Cr. Ltr .
Quantity** : 110 Cr. Ltr .
EBP % : 4.2
EBP % : 5.12
2015 -16

Ethanol Blended
Quantity : 111.4 Cr. Ltr .

EBP % : 3.5

2014-15
Ethanol Blended
Quantity : 67 Cr. Ltr . **Data upto 3 Aug 20

EBP % : 2.3
5
Government initiatives to increase blending of Ethanol

Inclusion of
Amendment of the provisions
alternate feedstock Reduction of GST
of Industries Development &
for ethanol on ethanol for
Regulation Act, 1951 for free
production blending in fuel
movement of Ethanol across
from 18% to 5%
states

Administrative Simplifying the Implementation of 10%

price Ethanol procurement blending of Ethanol in all
mechanism for procedures of OMCs States of India including Union
ethanol territory except islands
(Andaman & Nicobar,
Lakshadweep) .

6 World Biofuel Day – 2020

 Ethanol Availability & Requirement
Total Annual Installed Capacity of Ethanol & Alcohol in India is 693 Cr. Liters

Total Annual Installed Capacity of Ethanol in India is 460 Cr. Liters

• Grain Based – 75 Cr. Liters
• Molasses based - 385 Cr. Liters

OMCs requires more than 310 Cr. Liters of Ethanol to achieve 10% Ethanol blending
in current ESY 19 -20

Whereas OMCs have received 206 Cr. Liters of allocation till cycle 4
• 91% allocation from molasses based Ethanol
• 9% allocation from grain based Ethanol

In next five years OMCs Ethanol requirement will be ap prox 2000-2400 Cr. Liters as
7
per 10% Ethanol blending at all India basis
 Target of E20 fuel

Since 2008, two -wheelers and passenger vehicles were

made compatible with 10% ethanol blended fuel

As all vehicles are compatible with E10 fuels , 10%

Ethanol blended petrol is being sold at retail outlets

To achieve E20 by 2030, it is required to manufacture

vehicles which are compatible with E20 fuels
8
 Way Forward
• Long term Ethanol Procurement EOI by OMCs
Long Term • ESY 20-21 for contract with Ethanol suppliers for five years
Contract • Secured business to Ethanol Supplies
• Enable augmentation of Ethanol production capacity

• Interest subvention scheme on the loan amount sanctioned by banks for

Interest Sugar mills and molasses based standalone distilleries
Subvention • Expected augmentation of Ethanol production capacity by 140 Cr. Liters in
Scheme coming years

• E100 fuels in coming years for flex vehicles

E100
• Promote manufacturing and tax incentive on flex vehicles

Grain • Encouragement towards Grain based Ethanol to meet future ethanol

9 based requirement
Ethanol
Even the darkest one is having it..!!
 8th
Hottest Company
in Advanced
Bioeconomy
Globally

Praj’s Bio-MobilityTM initiative

for
Atmanirbhar Bharat”

Vasudeo Joshi – Vice President, Advance Bio fuels
10th Aug 2020

©  Praj Industries Ltd                                                            www.praj.net 
 Bio‐MobilityTM

Energy 
Security

Forex Farmer 
Saving  Inclusion

Bio‐
MobilityTM
Job  Air 
creation  Pollution

Health GHG 
Issues Emissions

2 Bio‐MobilityTM facilitates decarbonization
2
5
 Renewable biofuels : A Solution for Agri, Climate l challenges

 Address Climate 
challenge 

 Doubling farmers Income

 Rural job opportunity

 Brown clouding caused  TM

by Stubble burning 

 Reduce import of Crude

Renewable Biofuels along with Bio-MobilityTM boost Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission

3
India: Feedstocks for CBG

Seasonal dry biomass on harvest
Agro‐industrial waste
Rice Straw Wheat Straw Sugar mill pressmud Distillery spentwash
PRAJ has customized technology for 
Industrial scale  CBG production:

Agro‐Residues: 
Corn Stover Corn Cobs
 Surplus abundant Lignocellulosic Feedstock 
(350 Million MT)  ‐Available round the year

Soybean Straw Pigeon Pea Straw Surplus Green biomass Agro‐Industrial Waste: 

Napier Grass Green corn biomass
• Sugar mill pressmud  (> 110 MMT / Yr)
• Distillery Spent wash (> 21 MMT / Yr)
 Technology & Plants on RenGas

Sugar Mill Pressmud to CBG  Agri‐residue Biomass to CBG    Proprietary Rumen Culture based Biomethanation

PM STAB Technology for Pressmud  BM SOLVE: Microbial hydrolysis of   Proprietary Duel Plug Flow Design Reactor (With 
Preservation (> 350 days operation) rice straw / What straw
DVO Inc)
High Biogas Yield above  High Biogas Yield above   NOCA Certified Organic Manure
130 M3/MT 400 M3/MT 
 Round the Year Operation
Homogenization Chamber
Pilot plant at PRAJ Matrix  Commercial plant at India Potash
High Temp BM Solve 
Pretreatment Chamber 

Biomethanation Chamber
PRAJ RenGAS : Ready Technology for Commercial  CBG Plants 
 Patented & customized process for Biomass and  Industrial wastes

 Highest Yields in Industry with Energy Positivity

 Minimum Operating cost & Capex / MT of CBG – Round the year operation

 Supply of complete Plants on LEPC basis
 Biomass: 50 to 200 MT / day
 Pressmud: 100 to 300 MT / day

 Quick Delivery – 12 months for installation & Gas production
Update on enfinity 2G ethanol Commercial Projects in India

Sr. Client Feed stock Plant Capacity Location Praj Scope Status

No.
1 Rice straw 100 KLPD fuel  Panipat ‐ Technology license, BEDP,  BEDP, DFR, Majority of 
ethanol Haryana Proprietary equipment,  Detailed Engg & Tendering 
Mandatory Services, DFR &  completed, Majority civil 
EPCM foundations completed, 
Structural work started

2 Rice straw 100 KLPD fuel  Bargarh ‐ Technology license, BEDP,  BEDP Completed, 

ethanol Odisha Proprietary equipment,  EPC execution started by 
Mandatory Services LSTK

3 Rice straw 100 KLPD fuel  Bhatinda – Technology license, BEDP,  BEDP in progress, 

ethanol Punjab Proprietary equipment,  EPCm to be appointed
Mandatory Services

4 Rice straw,  60 KLPD fuel  Davangere ‐ Technology license, BEDP,  BEDP completed

Corn cobs ethanol Karnataka Proprietary equipment, 
Mandatory Services
7
IOCL PANIPAT – SITE PROGRESS

CO‐FERMENTATION & HYDROLYSIS BOILER HOUSE

08‐08‐2020 EVAPORATION AREA PLANT OVERVIEW FROM GATE NO‐1 8 8

Improving Viability of Commercial Plants

• Sourcing of Biomass at affordable price

• Local / On site manufacturing of enzymes

• Value added by-products – COGEN / CO2 / Lignin Valorization /

CBG, Organic manure

• Maximization of On-stream factor

• Brown field opportunities

• The 4Rs - reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery

• Maximizing GHG savings

• Premium pricing for the Renewable Products

©  Praj Industries Ltd             CONFIDENTIAL                                         www.praj.net 
Bioenergy Complex Profit– Typical Example: 80 KLPD CAPACITY
Press 

Surplus Baggase ~70 TPD
Production of 
Mud
CBG
Fuel Quantities
Sugar 
Fuel Incineration Boiler PROFIT
Steam & Power for 
Sugar production

Sugar Boiler 
ECC 
ECC 
Turbine
Turbine Coal 55 TPD 20 TPD
Bagasse Bagasse 110 TPD 40 TPD
23 TPH
30 TPH
110‐115 TPD
40TPD ECC 
Rice Husk 80 TPD 25 TPD
Turbine
Boiler

Sugar Plant
10000 TCD
Substantial Reduction in Supplementary fuel 
PROFIIT

HBCS  Steam & Power  for ethanol 
production
Consumption.

RSW Evaporator High quality and less quantity ash as byproduct
Raw Spent wash
Complete steam and power balance without excessive 
SHIFT Distillery 
Regular Distillery  1G Ethanol 
Molasses Process
Technology 80 KLPD streams

Above Example assumes : Sugar Plant Capacity – 10000 TCD, Distillery Capacity – 80 KLPD AA, Operating Days – 330
Bagasse price: Rs 2000/ Mt

©  Praj Industries Ltd             CONFIDENTIAL                                         www.praj.net 
Commitment towards circular Bio-Economy

 Circular Bio‐Economy

 Bio‐Economy

 Bio‐Energy

 Bio‐fuels & Bio chemicals

 Bioethanol

3 decades of leadership in Bio‐Industrial space
©  Praj Industries Ltd             CONFIDENTIAL                                         www.praj.net 
Praj presence across the globe with 750+ references in more than 75 countries.

THANK YOU 
©  Praj Industries Ltd                                                            www.praj.net 
 WORLD BIOFUEL DAY
(10TH August 2020)
Webinar on
Biofuels Towards “Atmanirbhar Bharat”

Financing of Biogas Projects

Date: 10 th August 2020

A Presentation by
State Bank of India
Project Finance & Structuring SBU, Mumbai
Biofuels Towards “Atmanirbhar Bharat”
India imports nearly 83% of the crude oil and about 50% of its natural gas requirements

The Government has set a target to reduce this important dependence by 10% in the next
two years .

Given the abundance of biomass, India has the potential to produce 60 million metric
tonnes (MMT) of CBG and proportionally reduce dependence on energy imports - One of
the steps towards “Atmanirbhar Bharat” .

As per international carbon accounting standards, CBG has “zero” associated carbon
emissions .
Contd…
ü During 2019 , India consumed 48 MMT of gas, which constituted ~6% of our energy
basket .
ü As per estimates, by 2030 , India will consume ~209 MMT of gas, constituting ~15%
of energy consumption out of which 30 MMT is targeted to be CBG .
ü CBG with higher methane content (95% ) can be utilized as green renewable
automotive fuel .
ü Employment Generation Opportunities :
v Independent Entrepreneurs who will set up and run the plants
v Semi -Skilled employees of CBG Plants
v Down Steaming of Jobs in Supply Chain Finance & Marketing/Transport
ü Reducing Vehicular Emission :

v Pollution from burning of Agri Waste : Use of agricultural waste as a raw

material for CBG will solve stubble burning issues in the country .

v For Urban Waste Management : Conversion of Municipal Solid waste to CBG will
resolve issues of landfills and waste incineration
 Investment Opportunity:
· Government of India targets to setup 5000 CBG projects by 2025

· I will require investment of around a Rs. 1.75 lakh crore investment (average
project cost of Rs. 35.00 crore) .

· The projects would have debt requirement of ~1.20 lakh crore at DE ratio of
70:30.
 SBI Initiative
SBI has formalized Special Policy for funding CBG Projects, subject to usual due diligence .

Key features of our CBG Funding Policy are as under :

Ø Loan at D:E of 70:30, based on project viability .
Ø Loan Tenor of 10-12 years with one- year moratorium - to take care of stabilization period .
Ø Finer interest rates, expected to be further refined using international funding .
Discussions with KfW, JICA are underway .
Ø Off-take support available from OMCs .
Ø Capital subsidy support up to Rs.10 Cr available from MNRE .
Ø Priority sector classification extended by RBI to encourage Banks to participate in funding
 Key Enablers for Lending
ü Finalisation of technical specification of the equipments
ü Empanelment of vendors who meet the technology requirements
ü Benchmarking of cost of equipments to help lenders funding in initial stages of
rollout of scheme
ü Provide data on availability of raw material in various areas so that lenders can draw
comfort about raw material availability while assessing projects.

ü Details about successfully executed CBG projects on their website - to help lenders
access them and get benefit of their experience of implementation of the projects
THANK YOU !
NARENDRA MOHAN
DIRECTOR
National Sugar Institute, Kanpur, U.P., India
Email : nsikanpur@nic.in, director.nsi@gov.in
SUGARCANE – SOURCE OF GREEN ENERGY

JUICE Sugar

MOLASSES Ethanol

BAGASSE

Co-generation of
electricity
LEAVES & TOPS

FILTER CAKE
. Bio-gas/Compressed Bio-gas
 Value addition through diversification is considered
essential for the economic sustainability of the sugar
industry keeping in view the volatility in the sugar prices.

Utilization of by-products even in the most generalized manner,

can not only improve the financial health of the sugar industry
but also in meeting the shortage of power and ethanol for the

EBP 10 programme… “ATMANIRBHAR”.

However, the bagasse based cogeneration is

losing its charm due to competition in power
tariffs with other non conventional energy
resources.
 BIOETHANOL - A TOOL FOR VALUE ADDITION AND
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

…. SHARE OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS IN TOTAL REVENUE GENERATION

Other value- Share %

Co-gen
Share % added
Molasses Share % Press products
Press 4% Mud
5% 8%
Mud 1%
Bagasse 1% Ethanol
4% 10% Bio-CNG
2%

Ethanol
15%
Sugar
70%
Co-gen
5%

Sugar
Sugar 85%
90% Sugar Co-gen
Sugar Ethanol Co-gen Press Mud Ethanol Bio-CNG
Sugar Bagasse Molasses Press Mud
Other value-added products

PRIMARY SALE OF BY- SECONDARY UTILIZATION OF

VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS
PRODUCTS BY-PRODUCTS
 Equivalent
S. No. Particulars Production UOM Ethanol UOM
Production
1 Sugarcane crushed 290 MMT

Sugar production 32.0 MMT

2
Molasses C grade 13.05 MMT 2936 Million Liters
Alcohol used for
3 potable and other 1500 Million Liters
purpose
Ethanol available
4 for EBP through C- 1436 Million Liters
molasses
Ethanol required
5 3241 Million Liters
for 10% Blending
Ethanol required
6 6483 Million Liters
for 20% Blending
 Additional Ethanol made
from B Heavy/cane juice
1 600 Million Liters
(considering diversion of
1.0 million tonnes of sugar)

Ethanol made from Grains

2 500 Million Liters
(Estimated)
Total Ethanol available for
3 2536 Million Liters
EBP (Estimated)
Short fall @ 10% (3241 –
4 705 Million Liters
2536)
Short fall @ 20% (6483–
5 3947 Million Liters
2536)
Potential alternate feed stocks for
ethanol production
Sugarcane Juice/Syrup
The expected yields of ethanol may be 65-75 liter/ton of cane
depending upon the total fermentable sugar content. Partial
diversion shall require significant changes in the sugar
processing house to work on reduced capacity. On the other
hand, full diversion of cane juice, requires very high capacity of
ethanol unit to be integrated and hence capital investment.
Such investment may be undertaken only with reasonably long
term policy assurance on prices.
In place of it, diversion of syrup may be better option if
economics works out to be in favour.
B-Heavy Molasses
It is considered as the safest and most economical
route for sacrificing sugar and producing higher
quantities of ethanol. It requires comparatively lesser
changes in boiling house and the process can be made
flexi. There are additional savings on steam, power
and manpower which may differ depending upon the
savings occurring in one factory to another.
Various models of diversion can be considered after
working out the relative economics viz. diversion of B
heavy molasses only or diversion of syrup during the
season as per distillery requirements and storage of B
Heavy molasses for use during off season.
7
BIO-ETHANOL & OTHER
POSSIBLE FEED STOCKS
SUGAR BEET
 Considering the advantage of sugar beet
cultivation and problems in subtropics, the
thermo-insensitive varieties have been
developed and the trials carried out in
winters revealed that the yield ranges from
70-80 t/Ha.
 The sugar beet can be sown in November &
harvested in April carrying out inter-
cropping with sugarcane. The expressed
juice of Sugar Beet can be utilized for the
fermentative production of alcohol with a
possible yield of 90 -100 liters/ton of beet.
 02
Multiple by-
01 products
 Pulp: Cattle feed
Greater
Yield  Leaves:Organic
fertilizer/Biogas

 K fertilizers/Biogas
 More yield of the
crop

 With 2-3x less water

 In ½ the time
 Production of bio-ethanol from grains not fit for human consumption finds
place in the National Bio-fuel Policy of the country.

 The country has sizable amount of surplus grains, rice in particular, which
may be utilized for production of bio-ethanol without addressing the food
vs fuel debate.

 It may again require some policy interventions, particularly, distribution of

sound grain and price of bio-ethanol made of it.

 There may be thus an urge to set up “Dual Feed Stock based” or “SMART”
distilleries working on molasses and other feed stock(s)

12
 Maize is now the third most important cereal crop in the world and is called the
‘Queen of Cereals’. is the third most important cereal crop in India after rice and
wheat.

 Maize can be grown under rain fed conditions, requires less irrigation, can be
grown with sugarcane in autumn and spring season. Duration is 60 to 90 days.

 In 2017-18, maize production for India was 28.7 million tonnes. Maize production of
India increased from 5.7 million tonnes in 1968 to 28.7 million tonnes in 2018.

 Maize productivity is about 6-8 t/Ha.

 Major maize growing states in India are Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil
Nadu, Telangana, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.

13
 Ethanol capacities to meet the requirement.
 Availability of the feed stock i.e. molasses keeping in view that large
number of distillation units are proposed to be set up.
 Ethanol production shall remain dependent upon the sugarcane
production and sugar prices. The factories shall look into the relative
economics of sugar and ethanol production for taking decision in the
matter.
 Since cane juice diversion, particularly complete cane juice diversion,
shall require higher investments, long term policy assurance shall be
required.
 Other issues related to states on utilization and trade of molasses.
 The production of bioethanol has been a saviour of the Indian
Sugar Industry under depressed sugar price regime.
 The production of bio-ethanol is not only in the interest of the
sugar industry but the country as whole as a clean and green
fuel which also ensures energy security.
 There is greater need for developing various business models
for operating the distilleries with different feed stocks
keeping in view the availability of feed stock, bioethanol
potential and economics of production.
 Waste management to remain high on the agenda.
THANK
YOU
Biofuel Towards - Atmanirbhar Bharat :
Biodiesel Programme Implementation in India

Santanu Gupta, IOC

Biodiesel : Implementation
Biodiesel Policy and implementation challenges
Key Enablers
Chemical Process – Bio Diesel Production
Feed stock Option: UCO& Other than UCO
Indigenous feedstock availability for Bio -diesel production

Biodiesel
Collectable
Feed Stock Conversion % production Cr. Lit.
Quantity (MMT)
Potential (MMT)

TBOs 1.5 30 0.45

52.33
93 0.465
Acid oil 0.5 54.07
98.23 0.04
PSO 0.045 5.14
100 0.5
Animal Tallow 0.5 58.14
90 1.8
Used Cooking Oil 2 209.30

Total 4.545 3.3 378.98

Sources:
1. solvent extraction association of India,
2. Oil Palm Development Programme (OPDP) report,
3. National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP)
4. Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education (ICFRE),
UCO: A low Hanging Fruit
Expression of Interest : Biodiesel from UCO

§ Hon’ble Minister, P&NG launched the Expression of Interest (EOI) of

the OMCs on 10.8.2019 (World Biofuel Day) for procurement of
Biodiesel produced from UCO.
§ Under this initiative, a total of eleven EOIs are being floated by the
OMCs from 10.08.2019 to 09.11.2020
§ Initially EOIs were floated for 100 locations and subsequently another
100 locations were added , making it a total of 200 locations across
India
§ As on date nine EOIs have already been floated by the OMCs
Business Model
Pricing Strategy of UCO based Biodiesel
§ The ex -factory UCO based Biodiesel price has been fixed for five (5) years as per following rates:

§ The price formula after 5 years may be revised by OMC before expiry of 5 years .

§ Transportation as per slab (in line with ethanol transportation) from time to time and GST shall be payable in
addition to above price
EOI-Status as on Date

No. of Offers No. Of Offered Offered Capacity Letter of Intent

OMC
Received Biodiesel plant (TPD) Issued (Nos )

IOCL 16 29 682 12

BPC 7 9 201.7 1

HPC 11 19 249 5

Total 33 56 1126 18
Blending Mandates
§ World over presently Biofuel is broadly driven on mandates

§ Presently approximately 64 countries has set mandates/targets for biofuel blending

§ Blending mandates would be a key driving factor for this nascent industry

§ India has also set the targets for B5 and E20 by 2030

§ The New Biofuel Policy -2018 also suggested a road map to achieve the desired target

§ The mandates of renewable fuel will act as a catalyst in the process of achieving the

targets
Blending Mandates/Targets
Country Name Biofuel Mandates/ Targets
Brazil 10 percent by 2019
Chile E5 and B5
Costa Rica E7 and B20
Mexico E5.8 to E10
Peru B2 to B5
European Union 12.4 % Biofuel by 2032
Austrailia E10 and B2 Policy

China 15 % Biofuel Policy by 2020

Indonesia E25 Policy by 2025

Malaysia B15 Policy

Vietnam E5 Policy
Biodiesel: Blending of 4 billion gallons annually
by 2022
USA
Bioethanol: E -10 is currently blending ,E15 By
2030 & E30 by 2030
Compliance in EU

Source : e PURE – Paper on Biofuel polices and market in EU

in 2018
Thank you
Blending Facilities
Date of Nearest terminal (Blending
Approx.
Plant commencement Nearest facility)
Name of LOI holders Distance Remarks
Location of biodiesel Terminal/Depot
RTM(KM) Available (Y/N) Planned (Y/N)
supply
Blue Stone Energy Pvt Ltd Morbi 20-Mar-21 Kandla 134 Yes
Blue Stone Energy Pvt Ltd Anand 20-Mar-21 Dumad Terminal 55 Yes
Blue Stone Energy Pvt Ltd Vapi 20-Mar-21 Hazira Terminal 135 Expected date of commissioning
Yes Blending facility date is 31.07.2020
Blue Stone Energy Pvt Ltd GB Nagar 20-Mar-21 Bijwasan Depot 71 Yes
Matfusion Weld Pvt Ltd Lucknow 20-Mar-21 Lucknow Terminal 17 Expected date of commissioning
Yes Blending facility date is 30.11.2020
RRSP Marketing Pvt Ltd Hathras 31-May-21 Mathura Terminal 42 Yes
Pyarelal Enterprises Kanpur nagar 20-Apr-21 Kanpur/Panki 18 Yes
IOC Planning to develop blending
Pyarelal Enterprises Allahabad 20-Apr-21 Lucknow Terminal 200 facility at Allahabad/ temporally
Yes Yes attached to Lucknow terminal
IOC Planning to develop blending
Pyarelal Enterprises Varanasi 20-Apr-21 Lucknow Terminal 304 facility at Varanasi / temporally
Yes Yes attached to Lucknow terminal
Endri Poly Plast Fatehpur 20-Apr-21 Kanpur/Panki 91 yes
Adnoc Chem Pvt Ltd Indore 20-Apr-21 Indore Terminal 15 Expected date of commissioning
Yes Blending facility date is 30.11.2020
Bari Udyog Dholpur 20-Nov-20 Mathura 109 Yes
Terminal
Biodiesel Tender
Biodiesel Blending status
§ Tender 2019 -20 Extended up July’20
§ Tendered Qty. 146.38 Cr. Litre
§ Supplied qty. 10.55 Cr. Litre
§ No. of RO Selling B7 are 5779

Current Biodiesel Tender

§ BPCL on behalf of OMCs floated Biodiesel procurement tender on 09.03.2020.
§ Total quantity required by OMCs is around 127 Crore Litres.
§ Period of supply is May -20 to April-21.
§ Due to country wide lockdown, the tender was opened on extended due date of 22.05.2020.
§ Total 22 bids have been received in the tender.
§ 20 Bidders are qualified to participate in reverse bidding process.
§ Reverse bidding process will be carried out in between 4 th to 8th August 2020.
EBP Status
§ EBP:
• Sugar Year 2019-20
• Tendered Quantity 511 Cr. Litre
• Quantity Allocated 192.47 Cr. Litre
• Quantity Supplied Up-to (27.07.2020) 109.89 Cr. Litre
• Over all Blending Percentage 5.11
OMC Wise Contracted and Receipt Quantity
OMC LOI Qty Contracted Qty Receipt Qty
BPC 46.58 42.34 29.36
IOC 97.01 88.23 50.25
HPC 48.87 44.28 30.29

Total(Cr. Lit.) 192.47 174.84 109.89

Current Issues
§ Hospitality/Hotel industry is one of the most affected industry due to
outbreak of COVID-19.

§ Availability of UCO will be affected in the future until the Corona

outbreak is brought under control.

§ Viability of plant operating on single feedstock will be effected.

§ Plants operating on multi -feed stock could be an options for

addressing viability concern of the biodiesel plants .

§ Industry is in the process of allowing processing of multi -feedstock to

the biodiesel plants applied under EOI.
EOI Status

Number of Bio - Offered

No. Of Plant Status of
EOI diesel plants Applicants Capacity STATE
Applicant Location Application
proposed (TPD)
Blue Stone Energy Pvt Ltd 50 Morbi Gujarat LOI Issued
Blue Stone Energy Pvt Ltd 50 Anand Gujarat LOI Issued
Blue Stone Energy Pvt Ltd 30 Vapi Gujarat LOI Issued
EOI-1 3 6
Blue Stone Energy Pvt Ltd 50 GB Nagar Uttar Pradesh LOI Issued
Matfusion Weld Pvt Ltd 11.3 Lucknow Uttar Pradesh LOI Issued
Bari Udyog 100 Dholpur Rajasthan LOI Issued
RRSP Marketing Pvt Ltd 15 Hathras Uttar Pradesh LOI Issued
Sunshine Industries 50 A’bad Gujarat Rejected
EOI-2 2 4
Sunshine Industries 50 Rajkot Gujarat Rejected
Sunshine Industries 25 S’nagar Gujarat Rejected
EOI-3 0 0
EOI Status

Number of Bio - Offered

No. Of Plant Status of
EOI diesel plants Applicants Capacity STATE
Applicant Location Application
proposed (TPD)
Adnoc Chem Pvt Ltd 30 Indore Madhya Pradesh LOI Issued
Kanpur
Pyarelal Enterprises 10 Uttar Pradesh LOI Issued
nagar
Pyarelal Enterprises 10 Allahabad Uttar Pradesh LOI Issued
EOI-4 4 6
Pyarelal Enterprises 10 Varanasi Uttar Pradesh LOI Issued
Endri Poly Plast 9 Fatehpur Uttar Pradesh LOI Issued
Evaluation
BioD Energy India Pvt Ltd 11 Bawal Haryana
Completed
Bhubanesh
Greenhance Solutions Pvt Ltd 13.2 Odisha
war TCQ Pending
EOI-5 2 2
24 South
Bengal Biodiesel 50 West Bengal
Parganas TCQ Pending
EOI Status
Number of Bio - Offered
No. Of Status of
EOI diesel plants Applicants Capacity Plant Location STATE
Applicant Application
proposed (TPD)
Evaluation
Excel Technologies 12.22 Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh
Completed
Evaluation
EOI-6 2 3 Excel Technologies 4.52 Meerut Uttar Pradesh
Completed
Evaluation
Sunshine Industries 11 Ahmedabad Gujarat
Completed
Evaluation
EOI-7 1 1 R N Fuels Pvt Ltd 10 Faridabad Haryana
Completed
RNS Automation 3.57 North Delhi Delhi TCQ Pending
RNS Automation 2.18 Muzaffarnagar Uttar Pradesh TCQ Pending
RNS Automation 1.82 Saharanpur Uttar Pradesh TCQ Pending
EOI-8 2 7
RNS Automation 2.23 Dehradun Uttakhand TCQ Pending
Vajrakaya Real Estate Pvt Ltd 20 Azamgarh Uttar Pradesh TCQ Pending
Vajrakaya Real Estate Pvt Ltd 20 Ghazipur Uttar Pradesh TCQ Pending
Vajrakaya Real Estate Pvt Ltd 20 Jaunpur Uttar Pradesh TCQ Pending
Total 16 29 682.03
 Feedstocks for biofuels

A Ashok Kumar, ICRISAT

a.ashokkumar@cgiar.org

Webinar on ‘Biofuels towards Atmanirbhar Bharat’

World Biofuel Day, 10 August 2020

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG)

Govt of India, New Delhi
Current scenario of biofuel feedstocks
• India is blessed with a number of crop species amenable for cellulosic
biofuel production
• The idea is to use the crop residues after meeting the food and fodder
needs to avoid competition with current cropped area for food/feed
• No organized markets for feedstock supply – 2G biofuel plants should
plan for sourcing, transport and storage
• Most biofuel plants target single feedstock, some times two
• Feedstocks costs vary from place to place and time to time
• Cellulosic feedstocks are not perishable unlike 1G feedstocks
• Feedstock quality is not factored in and no dedicated feestock
production
Overview of theoretical and projected 2030 advanced
biofuel production in India relative to blending targets
Feedstock 2030 blending Blend level at Estimated 2030
target (%) Theoretical blend level at
potential (%) techno -economic
potential (%)
Cellulosic ethanol Crop residues, 20% 100% 5.6%
forest residues,
energy crops
Conventional ethanol Molasses 3.0% 3.0%

Diesel -substitutes MSW, used cooking 5% 14.3% 3.8%

(Fischer -Tropsch diesel oil
and biodiesel
Nikita Pavlenko and Stephanie Searle, 2019
An optimistic scenario of biofuel deployment in
India
(000 tons biofuel per year)

2022 2025 2028 2030 • At the current level of

Cellulosic Ethanol 90 540 1275 1875 efforts, India can meet only
Cellulosic Ethanol (blend 0.3% 1.7% 3.8% 5.6% 5.6% ethanol blending
%) from 2G ethanol route and
only 1.0% diesel blending
Gasification –FT diesel 0 216 594 891
through biodiesel route
• Need to elevate the
Gasification –FT diesel 0% 0.2% 0.6% 1.0% interventions
(blend %) • The effects of Pandemic
yet to be ascertained
Nikita Pavlenko and Stephanie Searle, 2019
 Projected 2030 biofuel production in India
Feedstock Theoretical potential based Projected 2030 volume
on feedstock availability (billion litres)
(billion litres)
Cellulosic ethanol Crop residues, forest 42.5 2.2
residues, energy crops
Biodiesel Used cooking oil 3.3 3.3
Fisher -Tropsch synthetic Municipal solid waste 13.4 1.1
diesel
Conventional ethanol Molasses - 1.3
Nikita Pavlenko and Stephanie Searle, 2019

Large gap between theoretical and projected 2030 cellulosic ethanol production
Dedicated energy crops like biomass sorghum give more
biomass per unit of water and time
Sl. Crops Water S No Crop Dry Biomass per ha
Requirement (tons)
(cm) 1 Rice 2
1 Rice 90-250
2 Wheat 2-3
2 Wheat, Sorghum, Soybean, Tobacco 45-65
3 Maize, Groundnut 50-80 3 Maize 3-4
4 Sugarcane 150-250 4 Sorghum (dual 4-5
5 Soybean 45-70 purpose)
6 Cotton 70-130
5 Biomass sorghum >15
7 Potato 60-80
 It is feasible to tweak the lignin content in biomass sorghum
through genetic means

• Introgression of bmr 6 and 12 genes into elite and locally adapted high biomass cultivars
was done by both ICRISAT and ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad
• Evaluation at IIMR showed higher fresh and dry biomass yields in bmr introgression lines
Adapted from Umakanth, IIMR
Testing the high biomass sorghum hybrid in farm ers fields in
Numaligarh Refineries Ltd area by KVK – Golaghat, Assam, India

• On-farm trials conducted

using Hybrid RVICSH 28
• Grown in 2018 Rainy
season (4 months crop)
• Crop was totally rainfed
• Dry Biomass Yield 16 t ha-1
• Farmers quickly adopting
improved crop
management
• Higher scope for scaling up
• Can be an alternative to
Bamboo as 2G feedstock
What makes an ideal biofuel feedstock
• Wider adaptability and low water requirement per unit biomass
• Familiarity of crop with farmers and there are no -trade offs
• Quick growth, seed propagation, hybrid technology available
• Tolerance to salinity, drought with higher nutrient -use efficiency
• Established supply chain to meet industry needs
• Year-round production possible by changing genotypes and
management

• Feedstock availability should be assessed at regular intervals

• Industry should support feedstock R & D and supply chain development
• Should be prepared to use more than one feedstock
Thank you