Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY
BY
VOL. II.
(o-c^-n
LONDON:
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd.
P.\TERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD.
1893.
CONTENTS
Page
The Book of Governors:
List of Chapters 3—16
Book 1 17 — 116
Book II 117 — 285
Book III 286 — 344
Metrical Homily on Maran-'ammeh 345 — 375
Book IV 376 — 466
Book V 467 — 568
Book VI 569—685
List of Bible Passages quoted 686 — 689
English Index 690 — 732
I
THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS
OR,
.;^6-i3c ^.^^ liuj ^a (Bk. ii. cap. 32, text, p. 109) and in 217
^oMo?
A. H. =
832 A. D., the year in which Sabhr-Isho' II. became
Patriarch, he entered the Monastery of Beth 'Abhe, being at the
time a young man. ( ^^;Jo ^JJ:3 ;x.3j3 '^aj ;3jo<xi.i cO-n: ;A\, i^i ?>a
•.
pp. 204, 488, 505 ff. and 5 10; Hoffmann, Aiissiige, pp. 244 — 245.
The 'Book of Governors', of which a translation is given in the
following pages, was written at the request of Abhd-Isho', a
monk, who had for many years urged him to commit to writing
4 - THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
Mount Izla.
V. Of Mar Dadh-lsho.
VI. [p. 4] Of our Rabban Mar Yakobh (Jacob) of
Beth 'Abhc.
VII. Of the blessed Mar Babhai, the Great.
VIII. Of the corrupt men who sprang up in that holy
monastery.
IX. Of the holy Rabban Mar Eliya.
X. Of the things which the blessed Mar Eliya did
at break of day.
XI. Of the things which Mar Babhai and all the
fathers did.
XII. Of the unlawful accusation with which the holy
Mar Jacob of Beth Abhe was accused, and of the
'
'
Supplied from p. 39 (text).
'
Vat. reads .Six?. ' Read ^ajd^is.
LIST OF CHAPTERS.
be buried.^
XL. Of Abba Hananya who ate vegetables, and
pastured with animals, and who lived in this
monasteryin the time of the holy Mar Aha.
I
P. lo] THE CHAPTERS OF THE FOURTH BOOK.
I. The Introduction to the Book.
II. Of the blessed Rabban Isho'-yahbh,the head of
the monastery,whence he came, of what parents
he was born, and of how he was brought up.
III. Of Mar Timothy, Bishop of Beth Beghash, and
of the prophecy which was made concerning
him by one of the old men who lived in this
monastery.
IV. Of how Timothy artfully contrived to obtain
possession of the Patriarchate, after the manner
of Jacob who by craft obtained the blessings of
Isaac his father.
V. Of Rostam Bishop of Henaitha.
VI. Of the going up of our Mar Isho'-yahbh to
Hedhayabh (Adiabene).
VII. Of the swift judgment which overtook Rostam,
and of how those who were with him were put
to shame and disgraced.
VIII. Of the repentance of the people of Adiabene,
and of the humble entreaty which they offered
toMar Isho'-yahbh to enter into his episcopal seat.
IX. Of how Mar Isho'-yahbh was moved to pull down
the clay tfemple which had been built by Isho'-
yahbh the Catholicus, and to build another of
lime in its stead, and of how the monks who
brother.
VII. Of the selection of the holy men who were
sent to those countries.
VIII. Of Mar Elijah, Bishop of Mokan, and of the
countries of the Barbarians.
IX. Of the sublime kinds of prayer with which he
enriched his soul.
'
Literally, "Of the laying on of hands which he received".
14 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
LIST OF CHAPTERS. 1
' Vat., Which Christ wrought by the hands of the holy man.
1 6 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER I.
^ Read N*iobN:. ^
ik^^^i for if^'^i-
CHAPTER 11.
'
-i^x>>*3: for ^isBx^i.
^
^>^6^aai is glossed in A by ;v.„S'^ :->a.c» 'consecutive order'.
3 ^^bis for is^b^. ^ St. Matthew xxi. 22.
not repulse me, and that He will not shut the door of
His gift in my face, and that He will shew forth in
^
St. Matthew vii. 7. ^
«,Na.oi; for «no*<xs.
^i. ^*3? 30£0«. J^:? .... ^i^o^ (Mai, Scriptonan vetcriini nova
colleciio. t. x. Rome 1838, p. 296, col. i, at the foot), and was called
by the Nestorians who wrote in Arabic bU b {B. 0-, p. 420 ii,
note 2) or ^U
b (HofTmann, Aussiige, p. 226, note 1798).
Beth 'Abhe means "the house in the forest"; in I Kings vii. 2
and Isaiah xxii. 8 it is the rendering of "yT. ^"'2 and "IJ^'HTI"'?.
J
Read ^i^M:•
22 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^a.T.sn '. fcU* ^ticwj rf\ ^r'W=> r^^aisa^cn ix^ .j^ .cn.=3
3 Read ^aier? ^.
'^
Assemani 'ut inde historian! universalem habeas'.
5 Genesis xvii. 5. ^ Genesis xlvi. 8.
7 Exodus xxviii. i.
BOOK I. CHAPTER III. THE INTRODUCTION. 2$
CHAPTER III.
3 Exodus XXxiv. 29. ;xo» J^cui? }i.s^l? .o.3sa3 ^32 ^i. 0007 ^*ivio2
.^ju ;^3 ;^2 ^J^'^ 3^w ^A^ofto ^fiouoa j^'ixojc )^ J^o^o .o«3.i^^kba^o
BOOK I. CHAPTER III. THE INTRODUCTION. 29
col. 2403. Many of his sayings are extant in the /'<'^n?^//i•^ of Palladius.
3 Arsenius was born A. D. 354 and died about A. D. 449
— 50. He was recommended by the Bishop of Rome to be
tutorto Arcadius and Honorius, sons of Theodosius, about
A. D. 383; at the age of 40 he retired from this service and
went to Scete. He left Scete in 434, and lived for a time at
Troe near Memphis; shortly after he went to Canopus and lived
there until 444,when he returned to Troii where he ended his days.
See Cotelerius, Monumenta, i. p. 353; Rosweyde, Vitae Pairum,
p. Cave, Hist. Lit., vol. 11, p. 80 Butler,
506; ; Lives of the
Saints,and Acta Sanctorum, July 19. For a work by him, see
CoiwhQ^s, Auctarium Novissimui>i Bil>. Pat., Paris, 1672, p. 301.
^ The word ^li^A is probably the corruption of a name.
^ inaa-ls^ ^1 j^^^-i ;oo7 ^aao fooj y^^^o crNAfi-i ^W erS oo? Sayings
of the Fathers by Palladius No. ,i,^, fol. 279^^.
30 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
Jan. 15; Acta Sanctorum, Jan. lO; Jerome, Vit. St. Panli; Ros-
weyde, Vitae Patrum, Antwerp, 161 5 fol. p. 17; and Tille-
mont, Memoires, vii. 55; and Verger, Vie de Saint Antoine,
Paris, 1890.
ANTONY.
Antony was a native of the village of Coma,
the Great
which was situated near the town of Heracleopolis. He was
born about A. D. 251, and he died on Jan. 17, 356, aged 105
years. He probably knew the Coptic language, but it is tolerably
certain that he had no knowledge of Greek literature. Having
lost both parents about the year 270, he gave all his goods to
the poor, and retired to the desert at the age of 19; here he
1
stayed for 20 years. His food was bread and salt, his drink
water, and he never broke his fast until after sunset; he fasted
five days at a time, watched all night, and prayed until day-
break. He neither bathed nor anointed his body with oil, and
he lived for years in a tomb and ruined fort. When he was
55 years old he founded his first monastery in the mountains
to the east of the town of Aphroditopolis, but later he lived
on Mount Clysma, near the Red Sea. He begged that his body
might not be mummified, for he believed that Christ would
restore it to him, without blemish, on the day of the resurrection.
See Butler, Lives of the Saints, Jan. 17; Acta Soiictonim, Jan. 17;
Rosweyde, Vitae Patnini, p. 35; Tillemont, Memoircs, vii. 48 ff.;
Athanasius, /// V^it. St. Anton.; Sozomen, Hist. Eccles., i. 13;
Socrates, Hist. Eccles., 1.21. For descriptions of the monastery
near the Red Sea which now bears his name see Sicard,
Missions du Levant, t. v; pp. 122—200.
The following graphic description of Antony's temptation
by devils is given in the Syriac version of Palladius (fol. \'] b): —
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32 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
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BOOK I. CHAPTER III. ADDITIONAL NOTES. 33
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34 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
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BOOK I. CHAPTER III. ADDITIONAL NOTES. 35
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2,6 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
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^ol ^p v7'vy? ^?-^ ^i!? ^9^ t*;^'^^ ^.?^<> -^r^? ^^^ ^B^ vO^i^oioio
^!sa2a j&2 ^ai }^' .073 ^sio^p ^07 ^aoa^ N^9 -f'^^ ^^?'^^ N>>i!? ^^
fiAX^a .^jcAi A iiok ;ii'o ^907 -.070fis*2 ^,a*2a jNo^!^ ^ J^'a .^i^? ^J^
N>a:jt ;^' A>a,^^.p 007 ^2 4<^i ^©^ ^2 Ai2 fiit^o .^'i^ ;>jHLi.ao .zAip
a£s3a .*isib2 ^a N>2 '^^spi Akaa6. :z»^ ^'a 1^'2 .^a^ ^3 w3(^ >\^\p ^^oa
jj^i .;od7 adis ^ia^N3 ^p3 j}>^ ^9?3 ^c^o .^pt^ stfi 2307 ^i^* j^^'^l
-^^ajjta ^^af \^o -Noo? ja^ifr^^ j:&^o\i2 ^a Ai. w32 iisoh't^iio ^,a 2207
.aa>3 :zA jiao^a .^ac^ ^2o .ooxS jaLatia ^c77aX^ ja^iN^ 2»iVaM2 ^a ^
}saj )Lxi ^\'^ -cn^ 3^2 ap diu^ Tn^?^ •f^->4^ °'>^ ^PJ^9 >^V~^'^ t^*^ ^*i!
.^o7*axo Jjisx ^«a 007 -^r^ &£)o2 "pS ^^'a -spr^ ^'=2 ;»^N3 ^^o .isaa^
.^.pM aA ^•^1^ o7»L> tXeuco .ad*^ ^2a g7is.Srt\ oaiift ^a A42 ^a ^« s^s
^ ci7is^^ ^3 ^2
BOOK I. CHAPTER IV. MAR ABRAHAM THE GREAT. 3/
CHAPTER IV.
'
Abraham of Kashkar (al-Wasit) or Ibrahim al-Kashkarani,
the head and father of the liermits,is said to have been baptized
was translated into Persian by his disciple John the monk. See
Hoffmann, A7iszuge, pp. 172 —
173; Wright, Synac Literature,
p. 837; B. 0., iii. I. 155, 431 iii. 2. 873. These two Abrahams
;
-'
Bar-'Idta, /. t\, 'the son of the church', the founder of the
monastery which bore his name, was a contemporary of Babhai
of Izla and Jacob of Beth 'Abhe; he must be distinguished from
another Bar-'Idta, a monk in the Monastery of Selibha, near
the village of Haighla on the Tigris, who lived about 690, with
whom he has been confounded by Assemani {B. 0., iii. 1. 458).
He wrote a monastic history which is quoted with respect by
Thomas of Marga (Bk. i, cap. 23, text p. 47; cap. 34, text
p. 62; bk. ii, See Hoffmann, Auszuge,
cap. 6, text p. 73 etc.).
p. 181, Wright, Syriac Literature, p. Z'^,'^. The day of the
commemoration of Bar-'Idta was the same as that of Jacob of
Beth 'Abhe^ Bar-Hadh-be-shabba, Kam-Isho', Aphrim and
'their companions the founders of divine assemblies in the
country of Marga and Dasen." Wright, Catalogue of the Syriac
MSS in the British Museum, p. 187, col. 2.
^ or Rabban Sabhr-Isho' was born in Herem,
Rabban Rostam
a village Adiabene about the middle of the VII th century;
in
'
Zckha-Isho', Isho'- Zekha, or Meshika-zekha, when expelled
from Mount Izla by J3abhai, went the head of the monastery,
to Dasen (see Hoffmann, A?issugf, pp. 202 207) and founded —
a monastery which was henceforth known as Beth Rabban Zekha
shcV or Beth Rabban. Beth Rabban and Beth Abhe were
under one head; the former monastery seems to have been
builton a higher level in the mountains than the latter. Hoff-
mann, Ai/scjige, p. 206; Wright, Syriac Lita'atuj-c, p. 838.
•^
Assemani has a,A^ c^ Ai: B. 0., iii, i. p. 93, col. 2, 1. 46.
^
i^t^^l, vfV**c>ii, -fi>A't'="^!!, k^Ji-^ii'bi^l or^Ul;^^ '<^3Z:> the 'Desert
lake), which is situated in Lat. 30" 19' N., Long 30" 16' \\.
vol. i. p. — 337;
and Tischendorff, Reise in den Orient,
334 i,
'
k'^^ for ^±i^!io.
2 t*3*5i, ^.y^.^^ is a very ancient city of Mesopotamia situated
note 907. In the Jacobite office "the priest takes some of the
hair from the front, and back, and each side of his head in the
form of a cross" ^07 ,»© ojifr^isa ^soo v^oroioa^ ^ oja^C) ^ Xox ^io;:*
CHAPTER V.
OF MAR DADH-iSHo"'^
lived ill Daira dhe Risha' {i. e., Monastery of the Head),
in this country Marga/ with Rabban Estaphnos
of
(Stephen) the Great, who was famous and renowned
in all the East. When
he had continued with him for
a period of seven years, he departed to Rabban Mar
Abraham, and was, it is said, the first to come to
<^f^ C-^r* ^
^3*'^ '^^^^^^ J';)^-^^ c?^ Jiii^ JUil ^^_ YakCit ^
iv. p. 488. The province of Marga is partially represented by
that of Mar Abraham of Gunduk (see Badger, Nestorians and
their Rituals, vol. i, p. 392), and had as its centre the province
CHAPTER VI.
Nhieveh, p. 405 ff. (in Selections from the Records of the Bo7n-
bay Government, No. xlii. New Series. Bombay 1857).
^
XJosX Arab. f^-^V, is represented to-day by the village of
Lasim, about three quarters of a mile to the south-west of
Ta'uk, or Dakoka ^^\> , s.^^>, joxxa?, apparently a town on the
great road from Bagdad to Mosul, about nine hours south of Kerkuk.
See Assemani, B. 0., iii. i, p. 155, col. 2; p. 443. col. 2; Hoffmann,
Aussiige, p. 274 and note 643 and Noldeke, Geschichte der Perser
;
Hoffmann, Aitszugc, pp. 253 ff., Uinfang der Diocese Beth Garniai.'
'
'^
Babhai the Great, third governor of the Monastery of Izla,
flourished about A. D. 569 —
628 under the Nestorian Patriarchs
Ezekiel, Isho'-yahbh of Arzon, Sabhr-Isho' and Gregory. See
£. 0., iii. I, p. 88. col. i. He must be distinguished from
Babhai bar-Nesibhnaye, who flourished under the Catholicus
Stlibha-zekha (A. D. 713 —
and who was famous for his
729),
beautiful voice. On the death of the Catholicus Gregory of
Kashkar in 607, he together with Mar Abba the archdeacon
(see B. 0., iii. i, p- 93. col. i.), guided the Nestorian Church
through a period of persecution and great difficulty. He was
appointed inspector of monasteries by the Archbishops of Beth
Garmai, Adiabene and Nisibis, who entrusted to his care the
task of rooting out from them such men as held the doctrine of the
Mesalleyane. Pie performed his work with such zeal and success, and
ruled the Nestorian Church so ably during this period that, after
the murder of Chosroes II. in 628, he would certainly have been
elected CathoHcus had he not declined to accept the dignity. See
Hoffmann, Aiissuge, p. 121 Wright, Syriac Literature, p. 842;
;
^ «,ao» 4s*3, Arab. /Sl'vU* For the name see Yakut i. 466.
BOOK I. CHAPTERS VII, VIII. OF THE WICKED MONKS. 47
CHAPTER VIII.
pp. 367 —
372; B. 0., iii. I, p. 94fTf.; Hoffmann, Atissiige, pp. 91,
173; Bickell, Co)ispecttis, pp. iy']. 38.
"
>vi.»->« refers to A '-'•• -
'"
Genesis iii. i.
— ^
^
jsNcsao for I'ssaao-
^^^po lisOiJ:o^f\io ^s^ao ..>Aa\, l^io-:^ ./Zs^X.** ^-^ 'P^ r^*^? i<^'^
;2i\3 ^o :,!>\3 NN2 ^Nox^^o^iio ^o : ;>.OJ...Uox» ^^\* .^bia\. N^2 ^a^2 .;>Xb
50 THOMAS OF iMARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER IX.
J This and the six following clauses are quoted in B. O., iii. i.
p. 88. col. 2.
'
^r^? ^^^ "Hirtha of the Arabs" i. e., 'iUf^ al-himh, called
,
,w.q fis^j,, 2mo? Ai. a^ai. For his writings see Cave, Hist. Litt.,
hi^is ^iSAtf J2x«b(uoa.*;^3 007 ^23 .wO^axbo Cs.kS3 Zpor ^j,^X ^ojej ^^:&m.
^*ftw ^ina»3 >..l&x2 a.«\ \i,l .^io^ LjaoS'^N? .fr<Hi.?>>^fisM. .0.^3^ ^2 .^07
"j^ ^oa^a wBiAy) ..fta.^ni:) X.33 ^07 ;>iioe^A ^07^ J007 w^oQii? wsc7 j^isr^s
o^apo^^ss :^2 ^nj\.tf o^ ^2p octt o;^ pNa^p ^uao ^^^V.? .j^jijiNp ^•«\\»Tan
•3
Read ojon.
'^^
o,.A ,
I'trT'S , Ar. ^;;iU...;o». = the Nile. In a passage quoted
by Payne Smith {TJies. col. 708) the teaching of the four
Evangelists is compared to the four rivers of Paradise. The
teaching of St. Matthew is compared to the bursting overflow
of the Nile oyA^cu «A^ .o-«\ ^osoaa, and there is a play on the
words ,^, tO-A- ^ ^^- Proverbs xxii. 8.
I
i;OOK I. CHAPTERS X, XI. OF WHAT MAR BAIUIAI DID. 57
p. 89. col. 2.
h
58 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
Elijah, the hearts of those holy men were cast down; and
they removed from [the offenders] the garb of the ascetic
life, and cut off the tonsure of their heads, and drove
them forth and expelled them from thence, together with
their wives and their children, and they kindled a flame
and burned their cells with fire. Thus they rooted out
that evil from among them, even as the children of
Israel, when they were zealous with the zeal of the will
^
Judges XX. 35.
^ Genesis xxi. 14; Genesis xxv. i — 6.
CHAPTER XII.
astronomice. Hoffmann.
*
We should rather expect this to be the speech of Mar Babhai.
6o THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER Xm.
' /. e., Gebel al-Gudi of the Arabs, on the left bank of the
Tigris, over against Geziret ibn 'Omar.
1
'
/. e., judges of this world. ^ St. Matthew xxiii. 24.
i St. Matthew v. 40. ''
i Corinthians v. i.
in the ascetic life, 'Doth God accept the repentance of the sinner'?
After th^ old man had taught him by many things he said to
him, 'Tell me, my beloved, wouk^st thou cist away thy garment
64 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
up and use it again.' The old man said, 'If thou hast pity
upon thy garment wliich is without feeling, shall not God have
compassion upon the work which He hath fashioned'?"
"A certain brother asked Father Sisoes, saying, 'What shall
I do, father, for I have fallen?' The old man said to him, 'Rise
up again.' The brother saith, 'I did rise up, and again I fell.'
The old man said to him, 'Rise up again'. The brother said
to him, 'I did rise up again many times, and I fell'. The old
man said to him, 'Riseup again." The brother said to hirii,
'Until when?' The old man said to him, 'Until thou advancest
either to good deeds or to ruin, for in that thing in which a
man advanceth he will go on, whether it be to death, or
whether it be to life'."
"Abba Poemen said, 'I prefer the man who hath sinned and
done wickedly and become good again to the man who hath
never sinned and hath never shown repentance; for the former
hath a humble opinion [of himself], but the latter considereth
himself to be a righteous man."
^sX::^ ^^>^3 oo:*2 .fua^ JS aio2 .o7>so!^ aio2 ^N^Aio A-»3 (J^^icSts.^ bXa
.^:SmX»^ sA i^oa-iO o;S ^2 '-V^ ^^ '^ ^^ b>iolo .3.3^ c^ N^2 2a>x .^^p
.eu2 Jt>}L IvxX^a ;^a .^.070X^23 C07 «Aj.p ^1^ \6. ^.l2^ ooi^l .^aSa tn^ a>u^o
aoiso ^ooft .007 f»2 c^ '^iol .'pojo .'i3Ja ai^ '^iol ,^^^il3 ^2 ^nv.2 lao .0^
lis.lSi.pi .Z^i^ isiois sois.o .ozr, ^2 c^^ aSo2 .pa.a :30No .^aO cjS aio2 .>^^
.^3£> o;^ 3^2 .o.N»;^ lio^ .007 1^1 177^ 3^0 2 .^saa acts .}a.ia a^ btiol .^\ilo
.1.3^0 ..^xb^o ^V*? 2\->\^ ^^2 ^^3 .3»2 ^o^ ^2 ^^^ Ao .lisonx^ A .AV2
BOOK I. CHAPTER XIV. DISPERSION OF THE MONKS. 65
CHAPTER XIV.
jso^o .;:^^ia!o «3xa» o^ X>.2 a~ki. 077 .^NcxsuX 0.0^ ;^o ^^m, ;^3 la^a^s ^
•^i^jcu?* ^cro-ixo,^ cTJc^i c:^ ^aux- On the "acceptance of Repentance"
from the Questions in the Paradise of Palladius, Nos. s^n
«.AaN, and o^ox.
^
j&otx,\j&aA , i. e., yvuu(Ttik6(;.
'
Read ajo. ^ Genesis xxvii, xxviii.
^ ;Noji3?»ip, a rare word of which one example only is given
by Payne Smith. ^ Genesis xxxvii. 28.
5 Exodus ii. 12. "^
I Samuel xix.
^ For quotations from this chapter see B. 0., iii. r, pp. 255.
col. I, and p. 469 col. 2.
,
CHAPTER XV.
CHAPTER XVI.
^
St. Luke xviii. 14. ' Jonah iii. 5 — 10.
->> pp. 90,470) (Ka^OlS Phugitha, and says that it is 'locus apud
Izlense coenobium*.
5 ^,^- ^i,o ;j^3 i.i.3.* ;*.i.3o iMo&i .^ ifi>o;>. Orient. 2441. fol. 3S4,
col. 2.
BOOK I. CHAPTER XVII. THE COMING OF ABBA JONAH. 7 I
CHAPTER XVII.
^ 2 Samuel xii. -
Jonah i. 2.
3 Read Jiaq?. ''
Judges xxi. 13.
72 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XVIII.'
^^ ^
See B. 0., iii. \, p. 186. His history of Jacob of Beth
'Abhe is by Thomas of Marga. See chap. 24.
praised
J The Monastery of Bar Tura must have been near Beth
'Abhe. Both these monasteries were freed from the jurisdiction
of the bishop by Isho-yahbh of Gedhala. See Mai, Script.
Vet. Nova. Coll., t. X, p. 296
'1
Henan-Isho I, called the Elder or the Lame, was appointed
catholicus A. D. 686, and practically ruled the Nestorian Church
until 701 he was buried in the convent of Jonah near Mosul
;
See B. 0., ii, p. 42; Bar-Hebraeus, Cliron. Ecclcs., ii, col. 135;
CHAPTER XIX.4
•'
Read NoN.>d<aT.
'
The greater part of this chapter is quoted in B. 0., iii. i,
p. 106, col. if
5 Mar-yahbh was a contemporarj^ of Jacob of Beth 'Abhe,
and besides the history of Jacob, to which Thomas refers in
this chapter, wrote an Epistle. See B. 0., iii. i, pp. 186,187.
k
74 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
came to pass not long after this that the holy woman,
her mother, died having led a life of good deeds which
were pleasing to God, [p. 43] and she left the divine woman,
her daughter, in her place." Now this holy man Mar-
yahbh was, at rare times, accustomed to visit this blessed
woman, as he did her mother, and when he felt the
help which came from her, he used to say that, "Al-
though she was in the world, she was not of the world.
And I know not at all if she ever lifted her eyes and
CHAPTER XX.
^ Read ail.
CHAPTER XXI.
CHAPTER XXII.
CHAPTER XXIII.3
7 Pers.
>;^^^, Chald. Hormizd IV reigned from
fClin.
February 579 590. — See Noldeke, op. cit., p. 434; Guidi, Vn
mtovo tcsto Siriaco, p. /. e., about A. D. 595.
7, 1. 5.
*^
/. c, Isho'-yahbh,
9 the son of Bastohmagh, of Kuphlana
in Adiabene. He was one of those who accompanied IshcV-
Rabban Bar 'Idta^ that the time of his coming was exactly
according to the word of the holy Rabban Isho'-zekha.^
Now when Kino- Khusrau wished to build a con-
vent* to Shirin^ his wife, in the country of Belesh-
^
Though famous among the Nestorians for having built
a magnificent temple at Beth 'Abhe, he is equally famous
among the Jacobites for having by bribery and other means
prevented their building a church at Mosul. s^jsl^i JIjoi
{JL^wn> {(q!^.^ '^£a.xjO .^^a^a.=> ^JLt-^ Jl^"^y^'^ ooot ^j? .nm '>>lVo)J
ji..^\ ^>v^^«^j..,N. o;.jpj J^x>ajl=>. See Bar-Hebraeus, C/irou.
i
liOuK r. CHAPTER XXIII. TIIK RETURN OF MAR JACOB. 8l
CHAPTER XXIV.
OF THE HONOURABLE BASTOHMAGH, ""
THE FATHER OF MAR
isH(V-YAHBH,^ THE CATHOLICUS. '^
his work and has therefore omitted. We might read aii iai-o
V3>3 "and he has passed over them as foreign." See Payne
—
Read ^: jiax.
'''
84 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^
au,b«., or wau.iw, Adiabene. The Syrians generally considered
this district to include all the land between the Upper and the
Lower Zab. See Hoffmann, Anssiigc, note 191 1.
- Beth Ziwa lay on the left bank of the Upper or Great
Zab, and as Bastohmagh used to cross the river by the King's
Bridge to visit Rabban Jacob, Beth 'Abhe must have been
situated on the right bank, and at no great distance from the
river. j Read iixi^^ I'o^ i^i..
BOOK I. CHAPTER XXV. GREGORY OF TELL-BESME. 85
CHi\PTER XXV.
OF GREGORY OF TELL-BESME ' [aND OF THE OFFICE OF
CATHOLICUS WHICH HE RECEIVED].
[). 472) and Payne Smith (T/ies., col. 550). We should probably
point ;^soxa3 and translate, "the man from Tell-Besme" (See Hoff-
mann, Ai/saiige, p. 115). Tell-Besme <L,t-*^ J-'i , the ^»X3 ^^^
of the Chronicle of Dionysius {B. 0., i, p. 2'jl), was situated
to the west of Mardin, near Deyrik, and the ancient ruins of
this place arc indicated on J. G. T^iylor's map in yonrnal Geogr.
Soc. Londo)i, vol. 38, 1868, p. 355.
- Read, with C, ^^oia H«tv.-. . >
gee supra, p. 19.
^ Add some word like ^i^isai after osTupojoi..
86 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
narrative.
Now therefore^ at this period the blessed Mar
Sabhr-Isho'^ was known to be the head^ of the Catholic
Church, and he served the head of the Patriarchate office of
^
We might perhaps read .oojisoroi. h*i omitting ? ^•
' Read ji'^j^? ^1 or Vi-A ^2.
•5
Read o^mo. This and the seven following clauses are
quoted in B. 0., iii. i, p. 441, col. i.
*
Sabhr-Isho' was a native of Perozabhad 3;i«bi*5 in Beth
Garmai ; he became Bishop of Lashom, and afterwards patriarch
in 596. He died in the year 604 at Nisibis. See B. 0., ii
Sabhr-Isho', who was with him, died there during the siege
C/iron. Eccles., ii. 107. According to Guidi {Niiovo tcslo Siriaco,
p. 14, 1. 18) Khusrau captured Dara in the fourteenth }'ear
of his reign.
"
;Va»» =
crrJ-^^ "die double city" /. e., Seleucia and
Ctcsiphon which were situated on both banks of the Tigris
about twenty miles below Bagdad. Seleucia was on the right,
and Ctesiphon on the left bank of the river. Within the last
six years the building on one side of the famous Arch of
Khusrau has fallen, and the destruction of the whole ruin ma}' be
expected to follow in a short time, for the fine Large bricks
are carried away continuall}' in boat loads to build new
houses and walls.
88 THO_MAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
,>i^3 t^^i^C^ \* P^*^^? ^*3^xa baX»3.\^ .f^^ "ai. .ocn^a ^Xa^i- ^a =\ ?>a
^^.•Lax ;^3 fMo? o7Xoixi.3 a.33o .0007 Guidi, Aiunv testo, p. 15.
' Note 6 refers to ^o/al'- a^x-o 02 (p. 50, 13) and not 1. to
.* 0703^0.
J Perhaps alluded to in Guidi, Nuovo testo, p. ir.
BOOK I. CHAPTER XXVI. THE STAGNATION OF THE CHURCH. 89
CHAPTER XXVI.'
OF THE STAGNATION OF THE CHURCH AFT1:R THE DEATH OF
MAR SABIIK-ISHO THE CATHOLICUS.
Now when the kino- heard and saw tliese thines,
I
p. and had learned that the Christians had not
51]
enthroned as CathoHcus the Gregory whom he had
commanded, but had craftil)' set up another, he forgot
all his love and friendship for the Christians, especially
Khusrau =
A. D. 608 609. —
^ About this time the famous physician Gabriel of Sinjar
flourished. As he was a Jacobite and had great influence with
Khusrau, and was a bitter foe (h^x^ }ittb) of the Nestorians, it
is probable that the king's unreasoning oath was due, in a
great measure, to this man's power over him. It is certain
that for eighteen years the Nestorians had no patriarch. See
Bar-Hebraeus, Chron. Eccles., ii. 109 and note i. The whole
question of the appointment of Gregory of Kashkar as Cathol-
icus being a concession to Shirin the Queen and Gabriel of
Sinjar is fully discussed by Hoffmann, Aiisziigc, pp. 118 — 121.
90 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XXVII.^
OF MAR BABHAI,^ AND OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL VISITATION
WHICH HE UNDERTOOK. 3
At this time,'^ among the company of the monks,
' This chapter
is quoted in B. 0., iii. i, p. 91, col. if.
' See B. 0., ii, p. 416, col. i. For the letter which Isho'-
yaiibh III. wrote to him see B. O., iii. i, p. 141, col. 2, p. 142,
col. I (Ncs. 41 and 46). According to Abhd-Isho he wrote
was the cause of sin. Prayer was the only means by which
thedemon could be exorcised, and to do this effectually a
man must pray without ceasing, for in that alone could per-
;
CHAPTER XXVIII.
'
The first 12 lines of the text of this chapter are quoted
in B. 0; iii. i, p. 91, col. i.
'
;^ii3,3»*a.iib for ;4l'iJ3»^iiio; see B. 0., i. 386, 1. 20.
p. 32.
BOOK I. CHAPTER XXVIII. TIIK AUTHOR S APOLOGY. 95
p. 218, col. I.
*
/. c, -iJibb, see Hoffmann, Aiisaiige, p. 238, note 1897. Hegla
Omed is a Persian name compounded of Hegki, and Omed =
j^l „hope". Compare ^mt^ b)} n^DIS "Hoffnung auf Gotl"
in Horn and Steindorff, Sassnin'disc/ie Sieg'chfiiiir, {iti Mittliti-
CHAPTER XXIX.'
[before] thou departest from us, and let us read the read-
ings and not change the order of our service; and
whatsoever pleaseth the Lord let us do whilst thou
art here." And this speech was pleasing in the sight
of Mar Babhai. Now there was in the martyrium a
^ Read ;'.V,\j.. [
15 )r)K I. CIIAl'TKR XXIX. IJAlUIAf VIS] IS lii^:TlI 'ABIlfi. 99
'
In the text p. 56, note 2, read St. Matthew ix. 6.
lOO THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
gently chides tlie monks of Beth 'Abhe because they had not
consulted him in the matter of the election of a successor to
Mar Jacob, and he advises them to appoint Abba John whom
Mar Jacob had nominated as his successor before he died. Isho'-
yahbh recommends the monks to appoint Abba John on account
of his having been a monk for seventy years.
' Assemani has ^070^?.
^ For the list of his works see chap, xxxiv {infra, pp. 1 10— 1 12).
^ His first funeral oration was written upon Mar Jacob of
Beth 'Abhe.
^ Dakok =Tauk. See supra p. 44, note i. See also Mai,
Script. Vet. Nova Coll., t. x, p. 296.
5 See Hoffmann, Ausziii^e, p. 274; B. 0., iii. i, pp. 203,
204 and note i.
^ Assemani writes _ootJ»a:9 and w6ot{jQ.s {B. O., iii. i,
'
Abba John wrote a history of Khodhahwai. See B. 0., 'n\. i,
p. 204.
^ /. e., the monks of Rabban Ezekiel.
^ A village in the diocese of Marga. See B. 0., iii. i,
pp. 204,492.
•*
Mar Abr.iham sat from A. D. 837 — 850. He was origin-
ally a monk in Beth 'Abhe, and afterwards became Abbot
of that monastery; he next became Bishop of Haditha, and
was finally elected Patriarch. See B. 0., iii. i, p. 508,
note I.
I04 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
there, for the sake of Abba John,' and for the sake
of the holy Mar Jacob, ^ for they both came from
there.
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^
'
He wrote certain chapters on heads of knowledge, institut-
'p^ '.^007230^ ^zMs i^iJ^Cso .^«'^^3 acu^oioo : j«03Jc jsv^o^ c7^ Cs^lo
.2x33Jioo 30N o7iie;a3 See B. 0., iii. I, pp. 203 — 205; and Wright,
Syr. Lit., 843.
^ Read A..^tj»*» ^i^o.
^wafo iof^l? ^^ ctjiotSo ••t^ooj fi^i-io }o^^? i^l }^^1 ^Misia ..o^Na!s
;*»-Joos ^l3 Ay.-rt .fi2 aaCjp ^2 ^oj? ^iscroi. Ai. a-V ^5^2 •lO'^-'?^^?
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.^2 iio2 ,*\j^3 ^.o\.R>^-3 .i>Mt) o2 .^^^ o2 ;ao^oo .>JS.i>N2 ^iio i^^Js* O 'v ^ 'o
^aoojo i2 J2 fijpi Q^\a f-xa^Jo ^bpc-^p ^-A^^a .o,aiio jii2 ^iiaiop ;D3.io\3^?
^07 4iiioj:>3 f-'^'io fi(Ao .^aiso 3.*nJ.? f3^«3 A2 .i^ojt l-^oxx^ cAo .^12
SI .^007 X1.2 ^A^_ ^?^^ '-^P*? <^*3 ^<^^^? ^3uca>A .o^^cxj^A a .oa^>^p
AAa ?3?J3 f>.au.fxi i\itta ,'x«3.B .0.32? ^aouo C7;ioo3 ^ N:p.=Li,i\23 i^*— ^-^r?
.^^xp ^2p 007 .O7^J:i0S^.p i-aop^ >3a£lip mX^'? f» Ai. .o^poTa^? 2>»0>*
^a>^>« J\tMo f:xAp3 joor >\U] ^-A^ ?>^ -T^ ^.c-oAs. c^pcra^p ^o>^^ ^2
.OX>OC77 ^gXj.aiyJOO ^^.^Asp ^007 3.ag> ^-A^ A •?<77 A^p JA^O is*2X.3
.^-.iJiviop v»<77 ^ .o^»ioc772 ;xo7 .oXi2p ^^2 .C7;ipaa^ sNa ^Jo I3p^ p^^ailS
07a\0J.\y A2 •.
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«aroX.2 0577 op^ ^O ..ai.^X.2 3-A^ 'so^xa j.O70pi^ ^iop ^2o .oyp^Oip ^ioo.^
...ueo otaax jNo^^p ^<i2>^ ^f ^ ?>^=>? ^a.^ -x^2 A<ac7 A .^^p^o ^xb
jSM^OfS ^oAl ^p..f3 AnA. 2 ujS : cutis ;>^'030 »c7:o\\ "aO opi^p ^Joo2 ^2^2
.ouN*l «\,%tip : ojj»3^3 ojxAi ^i^j^ 'iorp crisoS^^ ^ ja2 .^o .07>vO*Ou.p
^^p ;^nix!o ;x-, yio ii^ O^n^eboo 3-^^ ^o;oX*2 A .^o'ad ^ Ao.»
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.ax^i fAoj ^2p ,so p?'io^ A.^p tvobN ^i3^o f5a.-,3 ^^Ao •x.pwO fxbp SlSa
^oV^ ^3po,\ pox^o ,"1'-!S pj-'ioo .:b'^; ^*2 A2 .^oo:iu»3 wioo^^i o2 i.a\^
^o. -.3.» t<7j^2 11^3 o—'Ap ,'ala- ^^J o2 H'P^ <^5* •>3^? f:»^ ^«^<x3i>>o
I06 TIICUVIAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^op^ ^<.n!^n .aaj^isl \J^a 3.a£xm iM ^tSaaa orisoaCsj^us ^^jsosp 007 .Jx^xa
.acAo .«>so*^d^C}lp 4xai\ ^^303^ ^"^07 ^^i^s }2tSkXO .^ix^ ^^?? j>>o^3.j.m^3
A=V3 ^^.^^03 ^C770^3LO .^'NbNiO Z''*3!^ jx^^M io^^i ^? ^J-A? C»l ^»? «iP?^
oiijt : . oa»a^3 ^*3 .oXio .o^a^SoSxaao a3.>.3.>^o .^07^2? ^*a3 ^ja ^2 .^oa^
.oasajcio •
o^axi. fOo?i ^ioAxs ^ctt^Jo .^07^2? o7i33ai.3 jisoMcba fA^:»,oC> O7iso^
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}^^ ^ ^33Xl3 4^3.^ .JiC^Ci^ ^m033 ^crOAUSl : .0X^2 vm0333 ^^^2 .0M2
.^^ael>3t3 ^3.3^^ m03 43.^3 ^3*»\ 00(7I^.0 .
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..^3 ^330^0 ^07^2? C7^3 07»30Jc!S . 03i»3J33 ^3>3C} 3.«,3 .Ofiv»3i3X23 rt*2
v>dpO .^aSc? ^23 ^33^X3 JC3.^^ >>3.^i03 ;A3oiic> >.0^>!y233 ^2 JO:di!C3.3 ^3 }il
.^35i iSj.;^30.JbL0>3 ^>2 ^ ;3.>« «*3.>,. ^3J30^k3 ^1^^2 .^2 }o.aiO ^^307 a^3 :30N
^2 }^i>.ts^ }i.{TJ \\^ ..tA^is.1 ^33.:S.U ^^30^33 v>!^j.M H^2 }^i\l ..a=>N&>3
.23 .;x*xb ;*.2 R.2 )Sl i\^'^o <X3 <^2 ;oo7 A ..oa^ 30^a2 i.£llo33 i.^3
C77]L>3^ .(x:A JC3^N2 ^333 07A3J30.i3 ^3 007 .^07^2 :ru<.3 ^xa Astio^ ^3.^X20 >Xl2
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0(3>V_ .20 .|s32sO><0 i^^ kM^X^S 3NA jft\03 ^3 fiXi ^iO^SOO jl>JC3 ;^2
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a. fix .OM23 .O^iSj.2 ^307 ^fsC>\>^3 C7!\330 ..O.OiS3\^3 :^\^a3 ^^33 aittOO.D)
.^&o7 ^3 ^33X %^ 4^"^ f^2 ^lo ..cvr>,3 m3Nxi jc77^2o ..aAJk.x}N a.i.flTO .0007N
i;Or)K I, CIIAl'TER \XXII. |(JSE1'11 OF lifiTW KOKA. IO7
;a»i»3 f-.ob? ;^a*o2 3.\.Y>^ 23.»a2 o\^M .^ct;^ .o^?>- ?-^ >i^.*rit7; ^^l2 ^2
CHAPTER XXXIL'
'
This cliapter is quoted in B. O., iii. i, p. 227.
- Near tlie Upper or Great Zab in Adiabene.
'
According to 'Abhd-Isho he wrote a book of Various
questions'. .^Niso j^;oi? ^^a
B. 0; iii. i, p. 227.
ajS cs^i poji^i
t The text of this passageand it is perhaps better
is corrupt,
to follow the reading of the Vatican MS. Hoffmann offers as
an alternative vj^o^ax ,Uki=io\.3 ojjjbia ^25 -.
^a*: •.^2 i^>^o lai a.^ ..>.i in^
had dropped from the oven, and had been cast out,
and depart to his cave. And when the blessed Mar
Jacob departed this temporary life, Abba Joseph took
his brother with him, and the two of them departed
to Mount Zinai,"* where they led an ascetic life, and
performed unnatural austerities. And inasmuch as
Rabban Aphni-Maran^ and Rabban Sabhr-Isho', who
was surnamed Rostam,^ have written histories con-
^ Read ^o\,.
^ /. e., the general work in the monastery which every
novice was bound to take part in for a certain time.
J Read ;NaJJS.
* This mountain must have been situated near Hadhatta
below the Upper Zab in Adiabene.
5 A disciple of Kam-lsho' who flourished about the year 630.
For his- works see B. 0., iii. i, p. 187.
^ Sabhr-lsho' Rostam was a native of the village of Ijereai
in Adiabene, and entered the great convent on Mount Izla
CHAPTER XXXIII.'
'
It was situated on the Lower Zab. "^ See pp. 119, 147.
^ Seleucia and Ctesiphon. 7 Read a.^ ^i ..jio.
^ A mountainous district in Beth Zabhdai.
IIO THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XXXIV.^
'
Read ^Na-i^o ?
- This chapter is quoted in B. 0., iii. i, p. 453, col. 2.
-5
Sahdona, i. e., the "little martyr", was ordained Bishop of
Mahoze dhe Ariwan in Beth Garmai by Isho-yahbh of Gedhala.
—
CHAPTER XXXV.'
p. 91, coll. I. 2.
^ This statement of Thomas of Marga is supported by
historical evidence. In the eighteenth year of his reign
Khusrau "Hess die Einkiinfte aus den Steuern seiner
Lander sowie alien sonstigen Einnahmequellen zahlen, und da
berichtete man ihm, dass seine Einkiinfte aus der Grundsteuer
und den andern Quellen sich in diesem Jahr in gemiinztem
Gelde auf 420 Millionen Mithqal an Gewicht beliefen, was,
10 Dirham auf 7 Mithqal gerechnet, 600 Millionen Dirham
macht" (about 294,000,000 marks or 360,000,000 francs). All
this money was brought into the treasury at Ctesiphon, where
1 OK r. CIIAITER XXXV. THE MURDER OK KIIUSRAU. I I
3
P- 837-
- Shamta here appears as the leader of the rebellion. Sec
Noldeke, op. p. 354, note 4; Guidi, Njiovo
cit., testo, p. 23.
^ /. e., Ctesiphon and Seleucia.
''
The number of Khusrau's sons is given as seventeen by
Tabari. When the nobles heard that Khusrau had given orders
to slay all the prisoners in the gaols, certain of thcni came to
'Akr Babil (which Noldeke identifies with al-Ka.sr, where Khus-
rau's sons were being educated, a body of soldiers being
stationed near to prevent their leaving the place), and taking
Shcroc they brought him by night to Beh-Ardashir where he
was proclaimed "King of Kings." Noldeke, op. cit.., pp. 357 & 382.
'
114 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
op. cit., p. 356. The first act of Sheroe when brought to Beh-
Ardashir was to release all these prisoners, who at once joined
with the nobles in proclaiming him king.
^ Read A\.!oo.
4 Read ojxoi-ii^X o .;f 0*3,^;^^ is a rare word.
According to Tabari Khusrau had determined to slay all
"^
the troops which had fled from before the victorious arms of
Heraclius. Noldeke, op. cit., p. 356. ^ Read ^.
According to Tabari Khusrau fled to one of his gardens
7
^:i^o »c77o«>»:o\3 4^0} i.\'ox 'zXkSlo .^0177 j:»-:u.p ^^>2 j.u:o \\ o\\ .ocr.^ jo^l
.crb.^ ^03.*x .o7o\^ a.0b2o .fNa.M2 A:^ }itso .o0^o A.\ A^pJ^ P««»30o;.k1
li)ie and Fall, chap. 46; Chron. Paschal, torn, i, p. 728, ed.
i iiidorf; Theophanes, ChronograpJda, p. 501 ; and Eutychius,
A/males, ii, p. 251 ff.
i-
which extends from Baladh, opposite Eski-Mosul on the Tigris
to Nisibis. In a passage quoted by Wright {Catalogue Syr.
MSS., p. 1136, col. 2) it is said that marauding bands of the
Persians were perpetually coming over their borders and captur-
ng from Ras-'Ain to Nisibis, and from the countries of
cities
i
\\\ 65] BOOK II.
CHAPTER I.
^ Genesis iii. 3. ^
}ka\tox>o, from ]/" w\;r*, a rare word.
J Exodus XX.
^ is*;3fio, literally "by writing." There seems to be no
example of this word in Payne Smith's Thesaurus.
Il8 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
was during his own life time, this fact did not induce
any diminution of his holiness which had existed before,
but made it [p. 66) rather the more glorious, for the growth
and prosperity of disciples give joy to diligent teachers.
So also the double portion of the spirit which the
blessed EHsha received more than his master, did not
bring upon the marvellous Elijah ^ any loss of greatness,
but rather made manifest his glory, when he said,
^
^&oN, a rare word. ' Read i^^fiocS ^l^^.
^ 2 Kings ii. 9,10. ^ Read ^6a^.
9
CHAPTER II.
/
120 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^
For ;,?aA read ;?ai.
/s^^idXii.
s^ '
Rabban Isho'-yahbh, the founder of the Monastery which
bore this name at Mosul, flourished about A. D. 570, while
Ezekiel was Patriarch of the Nestorians. He was surnamed
,>C3o.i3 M, or ^icjo-H M, = \j^^i ji. For a list of his writings see
B. O., iii. I, pp. 230, 231.
I
BOOK ir. CHAPTER III. OF RABBAN APHNI-MARAN. I 2 I
CHAPTER III.^
OF RABBAN APHNI-MARAN.-^
'
See supra, p. 72, note 4.
^ This chapter is quoted in B. O., iii. i, p. 187, coll. i, 2.
CHAPTER IV.^
J Read .a.si? ;y<wio. See B. O., iii. 1, pp. 1 16,475 j iii. ii,
'
h^ No^A?, literall}-, "the troubling of peace."
- The Persian Mission
of peace was despatched by Roran,
(laughter of Khusrau Parwcz, although overtures of peace had
l>een made to HeracHus by Sheroc. Boran reigned only one
year and four months, but during this short period she endeav-
oured to do away with some of the ill effects of the recent wars.
"Wie man erzahlt, sprach sie am Tage ihrer Thronbesteigung:
'frommer Handlungsweise will ich mich befleissen und Gerechtig-
keit anbefehlen.' .... Sie behandelte ihre Unterthanen gut,
verbreitete Gerechtigkeit iiber sie, liess Miinzen pragen und
steinerne und holzerne Briicken ausbessern. Die Steuerriick-
stande erliess sie den Leuten und schrieb an sie insgemein offne
Briefe, worin sie ihnen darlegte, wie sie ihnen wohlthun wolle,
und die verstorbenen Glieder der Dynastie schilderte
Sie gab dem romischen Kaiser dwrch Vermittlung des Catho-
licus Isho-yahbh das holzerne Kreuz zuriick." Noldeke, Gc-
scJiicJite der Ferser, pp. 390 — 392. 2oi=i^ Ija'i^ .oojAi, o^^s.io2o
chap, xlvi), for that had been restored by Ardashir III in 628
629, and the festival to celebrate its restoration took place at
Jerusalem in 629. (One writer says that M}h>^, the general of
Ardashir, sent the Cross back to Heraclius; see Guidi, Nuovo
testo, p. 25.) See the discussion on this point in Noldeke, op.
cit.,p. 392, note i. In the account of this mission given by
Bar-Hebraeus {C/iron. Ecclcs., ii. 113) Isho-yahbh is said to have
given the Greeks to understand that his religion was the same
as theirs. ;?a» Uio^ ^:? ^oJ. i.-?oN A\.» Aifis*: a^o. Isho'-yahbh
was far-sighted enough to make an alliance with Muhammad
the Prophet (or, as Wright thought, with Abu Bakr) through
the intervention of a Christian governor at Najran called
Sayyed, and Isho, the Bishop of the believers at that place.
Certain of the conditions of tlie agreement, which was ratified
by 'Omar ibn al-Khattab, are given by Bar-Hebraeus C/iron.
Eccles., ii, col. 117; see also B. O., ii, p. 418; iii. i, p. 108.
col. I. I Isho'-yahbh stipulated that the Christians should be
protectea from the attacks of their foes; that the Arabs should
not compel them to go out to war with them; that they should
not compel them to change their manners and laws; that they
gnould help them to repair their old churches; that the tax on the
poor should not exceed four sfize, and that the tax on merchants
and the wealthy should be ten zuze per man; that a Christian
woman in Arab service should neither be compelled to give
up her faith, nor to neglect fasting and prayer; etc.
See supra, Bk. i, chap. 27, p. 91. For the letters of Isho'-
'
CHAPTER V.^
OF THE CASKET OF THE BONES OF THE ABOSTLES WHICH
MAR ISHO'-YAHBII BROUCIIIT WITH HIM [fROM ANTIOCH],
AND PLACED IN THIS MONASTERY.
Now while these hoi)- men who have been men-
tioned above were passing through the city of Antioch,
and while they were resting in one of the churches
CHAPTER VL4
CHAPTER VII.^
saj-^ox^ ..o.^bl^ j*<Xm.»3 li3u:^a ;^a.\3p }^^'- juol'o^o ii^i^ ^aJiJ^ iiL.3^
.J*iv3is»? *c7f Ai. a.ia2 wnXM,{SA30 ..o^^o^ wis»iois2 ^.jooab ^iJ? ixaj isaoj ^^^Jo
.^j^os s^Om. ^uaiS^a Ai. : a«\_ t*""^ •*?'K? ^»-*^*^ ^i3?>i^ ^^boN u^Csspo
A,Ajd ^^3 0.07 .^<.£x303^^^2^ }^aax ^s (7ji^ait \ \^ia3 .^^zl ^^o A ?>a
o.^jcio.\ .^MM ^^cuatb fisbo-s? ix.3 ;>\f> ^io? v*tsio2 : ^xaa ^oXa .isi?\
'
Extracts from this letter have been published by Assemani,
B. 0., iii, pars i, pp. 116, 117 and 137. The passages omitted
by him are enclosed in brackets [ ].
1
MAR iSHO-YAIIBH TO THE CLERGY OF MAIIOZl-: DflE A. I
33
j,fS-<v\ ^p Ai. •.
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136 THd~:^IAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
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II. To Mar Sahda the Bishop. ;a^» ^0^2 ;o?ii2 p^bo i^-wS]
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^ The next four lines are quoted in B. O., iii. i, p. 137, col. 2.
^ See i). 0., iii. i, p. 117, col. i, 1. 32.
MAR ISIkV-VATTBH TO SAHDA, BISHOP OF MAIIOZf: DHK A. I
37
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138 THQMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
007 ^« ^V"? ^?^ ^^^ .^-3-»i .aaJ? J^o ^^^oJ. a »^^>io^ /!>3\, oojis ^^?
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'
See Assemani, ^5. 0., iii. i. Ii8, col. i.
''
See Z?. 6>., iii. i, p. 82, col. i, 1, 11
3 The next five lines are quoted in B. 0., iii, i, p. 138, col. i.
MAR iSIIo'-YAIIBII TO SAIIDA, BISHOP OF MAi;6z£: DUE A. I
39
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140 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
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MAR ISIK") -VATIBII TO IIORMIZD, BISHOP OF LAl'IIAT. I4I
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'
Assemani has fioufis:aa.
146 THOATAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
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•3
Read, with Assemani ^?'^-^^? (of Longobardia).
"*
Assemani has vto-i^-fo.
3
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CHAPTER VIII.
J
This chapter is quoted in B. 0., iii. i, p. 124, col. 2.
148 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
'*
l-io)x " Presbyter qui nocturno praesertim
officio decantando praeest." See B. 0., iii. 2, p. 820 ff.
^
^
"ut alter alterum doceremus, aut alium quempiam Uteris
imbueremus; multoque minus, ut Scliolares iterum evaderemus."
B. O., iii. I, p. 126, col. I. ;^oiaI^a /. £\, ^ ^eksolJ^ = choral
singing.
^ Read ? oojii.
CHAPTER IX. ^
'
Hoffmann would read, but doubtfully oy-a^ >>oai*\.ao.
152 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
p. 125, col. 2.
BOOK II. CHAPTER X. THE VISION OF MAR ISHO-YAHBH. 1
53
"A short time ago the head of the monastery and Beraz
Suren came with seventy men, and they took the body
of Rabban Jacob and departed; [p. 78] and behold the
whole congregation is making ready to depart from
this monastery after them." And when the blessed
Mar Isho'-yahbh heard these things, he knew that
what he wished to do was not the Will of God, and
he rose up on that da)- and wrote to the holy men to
come back to their monastery. And he departed to
Kuphlana his village, and he built there the school
which he had prepared to build in this monastery;
and those blessed men turned and came back to
their cells.'
'
Soon after the expulsion of Sahdona from the Nestorian
Church, and the quarrel with the monks of Beth 'Abhe, Isho'-
yahbh found himself involved in a serious dispute with Simon the
Metropolitan of Rew-Ardashir (See Noldeke, GescJiichte der
Perser, p. 19) in Persia and of the Katraye, who refused obe-
dience to him as his diocesan, and who held views which were
not pleasing to him. Our knowledge of the reasons of the
dispute is limited, and can only be obtained from a series of
seven letters which Mar Isho'-yahbh wrote to Simon and the
Bishops of Persia, and to the monks and Church of Katar, a
district on the Persian Gulf near Bahren. In them he argues the
disputed points with considerable skill, and more than once
refers to his own work Huppakh HusJisliabJie ;Hi:a«. ^oc; (in ,
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1 66 THOMAS (yP MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
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MAR isIIo'-YAIIBII TO rHE PEOPLE OF KATAR. I 67
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lS03iS.x 03\o .;fiu3LMi .^2 o2 cr;^.jM3 ^ao>oo .f^lAS \^^<7; q\^M .^^f^b^^
fba^^ .gaioafl A^o ..aa^otxi.oTS fso^. A.^ A^^io ^^ o^aolo ii.'..ip fjipJsoB
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33 >d2p . .o^SiS^ ix^^o tsiOM.z <*^ ^po7 a.A^ .1 .}':iui>s 02070 ..oM2 ^^^x
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MAR iSHO-YAHBH TO THE INHABITANTS OF KATAR. I 69
'.
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170 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
>^=U30^ .^OB >'\\..3 iu\a .oX<.aM ,2sk6«M ^os i^Om. wl''^ ^^ ^ssiMoas ^07
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MAR ISHO-YAHBH TO THE INHABITANTS OF KATAR. I/I
.t)'i"> r-* y>»^^ o\.^m3 \*atr obaMb .^i^inN i^^ '^?*? P^'^ i^^?'^
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^3 0070 .^fb2 ja»^ ^ ^aa ^Mobp )^>.> oSht ovaap ^^.ij .^Nbo^pfio
iof^l? >2>Xkaj3 o7^3>^^ :3C'b>>>2p .^o^ 2^.mJ. ^ : Cv^^^O Nj.^p« 3au.!sio ^ob
.\\v>o : . att ^mJc^P /Z>Xj.aa 07^3.^3 N^fSOiO ^pbp : ;^1Aj: j^aotjso ^a^ioufio
^ fymyS ,A*A\^ ^07 -Va^po ^^^a^p l\^c> «'»lS. c:x^ jsjo^ ^Xsoj. ^07 ^p
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'
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^OAi^ jpb :jo;!^2p o7Na^p ^^o* ^ o^p .^^.» ;^2 : Siiio Ju2 ana .oaNoio^
fkSefe .2»*uA^ «NoiaacMa30 ;du.afi> ^op^ ;^2 .^Na^ ^oniia ^ctta ;^^.
172 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
}!\ta'\~i \ }isaio.ajaAls ^ioaS uiS ^3« p«^ ^: ^'u* ^aoao .0073 ^a.^4^a
at^ }^vi3 litr; k\\,»0 .^*^Np.\ ^bsO^of^^ X^~,^ oW^ ^»•2 ^ Ao .}J^S&io
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^fi\ fs.2 aaao -.^0^2 ^atso^a ;>jeoaa ;«a\^a ^'^olA ^o\tfa ,Z>x«a ^ ^^fto
jioxs »aodi&32a ;>«o^» A^ .^cusNX^o ,^MiNi<>» ^:» .^x^ a.^0 ^aia aaa
^ i
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n ax\i : ejp .oo;»N*2a IsX^aa ••w^ ai *^> : Nafioa A.<a oaJSi a\, aa J2 .:©
174 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
.l„L^l ^a>323 ^*a.bo oof ^jl3«o .s.fio3 ^2 i^boiol^ .oobS&M op^ ^ aoa .00;^
^3.^ .^ji'^a.! J^^ ^ I'Xk^ti o7^,^^ opj,M3 ^\,uo cTuoSi A:s. ^a»j ^j.-^»o
.s>^&3 cgw.3^ '^^^,^o\ .o^aa>^i ^^a^o ^^yvA.. 00070 ^^ ^^Ml }*^1 ojij^^
CHAPTER XL'
' Parts of this chapter are quoted in B. 0., iii. i, pp. 139,144.
-
Properly 'Ana-n[i]-Isho . See Hoffmann, Opuscula Nes-
toriana, p. iv.
*
See supra, p. 39, note 3.
"
See siipi-a, p. 129.
' Read o7.sox.m. ^ /• t\, Mount Jzla.
-^A^ovo ^o^2o ;i^>«. ^-o_^\ <*o-kx> U^-Jl (_^-«.v^" Duval, Sj'K Lex.,
col. 280. The site is a very old one, and is mentioned in the
times of prayer, etc., see B. 0., iii. \, pp. 139, 305, and espe-
cially p. 526.
"
Compare p. 88, line 3 (text) where Thomas says "I am
consumed with love for him," /. e., 'Anan-lsho'. Strike out
note 2.
i In note 3 read o;^ n*:. Assemani has *o7oli.? {B. 0., iii,
a distance of ten farsah from Tekrit, Ov^ -XJ", on the east bank
of the Tigris, below the spot where the Lower Zab flows into
the Tigris. See Hoffmann, Ansziige, pp. 189, 253. Laj.\ U;L>^
Lc\b £^ (J^-'^^ Cr**^'^
(.^-'-^^i
'4rt^^^ iJ-^_^^
<*J.^i.^
(_5"*"r^ cs^ ^.y*
Yakut, t. I, p. 464, 11. 20 — 22. According to B. M. Rich 7203,
fol. \6\b, col. I, and B. M. Orient. 2441, fol. 346^ col. 2,
CHAPTER XII.+
' We must read here ;abJ ^*33 ^*2^ ;>:j«. jtboda ^^oja:? ;3^a^.
and Sozomen relates (Ht'st. Eccles., vi. 30) that when Gregory
occupied the see of Constantinople, he made Evagrius his
archdeacon. See also B. 0., iii. i, pp. 45, 151.
'^
Evagrius of Pontus born about A. D. 345, died 399.
^ /. e., ]. azza or Irbil, Arbela.
^ All the MSS have ii'i^i jtx^i<^, but ;ilw2 must be corrupt.
We might read ;*"i«i (compare ;ia^2 for ;*a-: in Hts^. of Alex-
ander, ed. Budge, p. i, 1. 10) and translate "these last [two]
Georges," or ;*o"3.3 X^U, "Persian noblemen," or ;*C)'ifl X^l-^ -*=»
CHAPTER XIII.-^
Now since this holy man had, from his youth up,
placed himself under the yoke of the humility of Christ,
and had held himself to be of no account in comparison
jwith what was excellent, and in his own opinion^ had
' /. e., Ctesiphon and Seleucia. See B. 0., i, pp. 354, 356;
and Hoffmann, Aiissuge, p. 352, note 1997. On p. 8.^, 1. i
'
St. Matthew xx. 26,27. ^ The Holy Communion.
BOOK II. CHAPTER XIII. REBUKE OF GEORGE OF NISIBIS. 1
85
CHAPTER XIV.5
monk at Mount Izla, but he ended his days in the Monastery of Mar
Aphni-Maran. Besides the Ecclesiastical Histories here mentioned
he wrote "a Disputation [addressed to] a wise brother," several
letters, a Treatise on the monastic life, etc. See B. 0., iii. i,
p. 217.
5 Parts of this chapter are quoted in B. 0., iii. i, pp. 145,150.
BOOK II. CHAPTER XIV. OF GEORGE OF PERATH DHE M. 1
8/
'
St.John xvi. 33. ^ St. John xv. 20.
' See supra, p. 181.
•
ABC have )^atti., and Vat. has ;^aaia, which Assemani ^
iB. 0., iii, I, p. 150, col. 2) transcribes iio- a ^. Hoffmann
would read iii^. The town j^om., jyLsJl is ovSo-o, <^yU\, .^^^
CHAPTER XV.^
The title reads ^x»? ^axos? .'jioN? l^^ioix ^ ^S^io? ^.ii*?? ^cAoja
torians (see B. 0., iii. i, p. 191, note i), and JLi»Kaj by the
Monophysites (see B. 0., i, p. 463, note i; Wright, Catalogue,
p. 774, col. i). The Nestorians derive the word from the
district called ai*, 2s, in the province of Kashkar (;*ioa ;.»i^^^l
,>io^>o3 ^2 i.Ai ^?, Payne Smith, I'/ies., col. 2430), but Hoff-
mann is inclined to refer it to NeqpGap, 2
where Maccabees i. 36,
there was a place of sacred fire, although he thinks it quite possible
that Niffer was really the birthplace of Abraham, and that he
may have identified his town with Nephthar, through a mystic
fancy. According to 'Abhd-Isho' he wrote "various compo-
sitions," and a work on the monastic life. See B. O., iii. i,
p. 191, and I, pp. 463, 464; Wright, Catalogue Syr. MSS.,
p. I075<^.
j Palladius the great friend of Chrysostom was born about
A. D. 367. He embraced the ascetic life about 387, was made
Bishop of Hellenopolis after 391, and took refuge in Rome from
the persecution in 405. He visited several places in Palestine,
and travelled in Egypt from Alexandria to Aswan in search
of material for Egyptian ascetics, and was
his history of the
the friend of a large number of the most famous of them. The
Paradise or Lausiac History of Palladius is thought to have
been composed between the years 414 and 420. See Tille-
mont, Menwires, viii, pp. 272,359; Cotelerius, Alouumenta, iii,
563; Assemani, B. 0., iii. i, p. 49. note i.
•*
He died A. D. 420. According to the Catalogue of
;
pp. 568,608.
' The "Paradise" of Palladius contained the lives of the
western ascetics, and the "Paradise" of Joseph Huzaya con-
tained the lives of the eastern ascetics {B. 0., iii. i, p. 102,
col. 2) ; both are to be distinguished from the "Paradise of
Eden" by Abhd-lsho', Metropolitan of Nisibis, (B. 0., iii. i,
p. 325), and the "Little Paradise" by David, Bishop of Kartaw.
See infra Bk. 11. chap. 24. For the account of the Syriac
version of the Paradise of Palladius and Saint Jerome, and the
Questions of Abraham of Nephthar, which is believed to be
the redaction made by 'Anan-Isho' see pp. 192—206. A portion
of this same version appears to be preserved in Brit. Mus.
Add. 17,263 (Wright, Catalogue, p. 1079, No. DCCCCXXXI)
but Add. 17,264 (Wright, Catalogue, p. 1078, No. DCCCCXXX)
is probably the work of Gabriel of Katar. See Wright, Sjr.
Lit., p. 843, note 19.
THE SYRIAC VERSION OF THE PARADISE OF PALLADIUS. I
93
The colophon fol. 352 c? runs: ;x»?i> Noiai? j.-^o '^^is ^«^ oyiSt
-.
«^L.a.» ~ >x;»»!^ol\So;3 jJoQfi>,q: j&*aX^ ^ajso jsiyioo ^t.^nN a^^s ^'a^»
iJacta. ;c^'i^o .(TTpamoaiTOq ToO KOlTUJVOq) ^ii^^iixflal ^a^ Na^ -?^i>?
' For a description of the contents of Syriac MSS. of the Lives of the
Solitary Brethren by Palladius in the British Museum see Wright, Catalogue,
pp. 1070 — 1078; the "Illustrations of the Book of the Paradise" (op. cit.
p. 1078 ff.) by "a native of Katar" is a different work. See Wright, Syriac
Literature (in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th edit., p. 843, note 19.).
lage of Ekror.
Kc o ^ v>SmI ^3XN }a^^ l^^^a Ht^Jiilsp }icj istsa ^tsxlo \t^aj ^bCsxl
^ aa .^ 'o^ l^aax }^»xo ^ox. .ajoa c;a.^o^ ^^xNo IJM }xicise ^^2 >ax3 ^ <n3
^^^^ Hi^h^Oa ^3 C3^a^2 «^2o ^»2 ^.-o\^ ?t^V^^ aoiS. A 0070 .^^3.^0 ^Ufp
^sbp jatfa\ ^3iX_ \^p }tjao fVuOa ^su ^Om^s <37fs^Lo Jtadi^2 ^^n^o
^vt^ tt) as ^^±2 La }a^ }ixioxio ^^o ;\m«m JL^^ 2£o^2 ^ ^io2o ^l
tt ,*so2 Aio p^a ^Ni aaa? oorNo^^ The title runs: "By
;«*5tio3 ;a.3
—
the might of our Lord Jesus Christ we begin to write the Book
of the Histories and Triumphs of the holy fathers [who were]
solitary monks of the desert, and who hated this world and all
that therein is, which was composed by the holy and excellent
Mar Palladius, Bishop of Hellenopolis, and which he wrote for
Ktli^v v\^ 3is^o ^^N^k ^fvcr^s/'s {'3u303 A^ vi^ aais^^^ ctt^^P i\tP>^ 7^?t ^o^
^ 'rAx ;\,.><&qk3 ;0(A^ 1^0.010^1 .i&.>^l:9
;i*A3 fiMi ..bXeu ^cj3 xA? 3^? S»»3 t*J>30 .,J>£t»iii> bfio ^a*s2 j^l^ a^?
Ai. ja*Jj& 3^? ».o703a«^ aA^ 007 3,^ .Ji^;X3 K^ilM /T*>d3 la'is.^ .A^r
.9;^ !:3.>?^? ^1^1 Xi^o .^O70>s>l orfr'j ^ 0073 A\.» .J^ A.^3 l^n^l ^t<tSftj
;<JC*3 ^ ^XlX^O .^3J30 .0^2 ^3^3.^3 \\,'0 .^Q^is^l 3a^ A'Av> ^3 .OCT^A
^No^nAn^ ch^ ^*ia j iia^ t*^» .0(7;\a ,io a*4s*? ^Oia\o .^Ai. jXaSl'^?
^ ;.»isA<S ^3 ^070 .;.k»3j3 ^» ^5A* liJiis ;&a\. ,»? ,^07 .«ii^^ ftsAiio
,A*2 .^X<1'X3 ^c;S ^^ ^sCsap ^sJC3 0107 ^2 ^070 ..oo:»» \^s ^jusX
.^jiflSy .2»^^j3 .oc;uo (<Ai»3 .aioj^ ^^o^^^J.ia^ ^2 Ma>*3 vrS^-y ^ .oojuo sA
Z>ii^^3 ^A^fs ,4i&K^Ntf Ao .
;» aN »
. Ai ^
» n »s. to ;^3 ^aaos A*ao7 .oidr
^iAo5o ;3*03 ^ .;x*i3 an a>a 0733 ^io? .^iscjA? K|.2 Aoja ^piJo ^*3
aoii. ;4*iQX 007 <jj9\» ^»3 >»<7;3 .^^^s^^ b;;^? 0107 ^p^ .oc77.»>s*2 .oii^ ^m?
.^iSO»S\*0 Cb.>>«2 «1>X 177 >.033JUOO j>>0>>20 ?j^S.'-'nf>' jV'ff Si*i^ o^ .opStfo
fioo iJli, ^ ..ikisio Jti2 ^ocjip ^07 .^3 ;i2 ai62 .;No3fis.»io3 ^aaoso i.'i»3 ^gbois
aa :^2 .v*o7a,«Ax^ loaj j& ^\ 'o. ;A»? ^Xo*33 C^fio—x a^ bA. o^ j-^-^
^ «^>^^ ^ ;^2 .;oo7 wOI*Vk» ja^^ ;i a>a .ottjojLaa iaai, .ooj^ ^007 ^OmM
o2 .;m34oo i7;^*33 ^«?7 ^flA C7;S J3 3» ^ .oeTj^jlaXicA ^ .4"S»^* .^xl^o*
}!^o ^3^2 -f^^?^? liooo] fivi.;:a*a^ ^^'Xa o2 .;^^^> ^a ^ 007 is*liax^ut» ^j^^
^07 ;xoA» ;X03ivi03 aA^ ;« <tio7*3^ ;xo*S3 la&a .2 .aa^ciA ^^^ ja^
Ma N«a^M23 ^07 .;Gr;!Sl ^^?? >Ui3a>^jo XAc ^ jXoao..\,2o -jt^o^ ^3
196 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^±i .^iAm ^oo;o SLai&VMo A>ao7 ^^1.^2 .^o^A ^^^bp 0073 .}x^ .oc^
See fol. 41^. ^i ;.**x»3 o7>si,3.* ifto iflsi }oojis i\*li.^iol^ -.07 ^o;^! a*V_ ^
d The scope of the Book. .;sn»so ^'iao? op ?jjti ^Na ;iern)
.2iSo»?.j»w.3 jsoj^ .oojA^ o^ab? .010; .;uio\,o ^x^Sos ;N<r^:3 ^eusoN ^a.booi.o
..osdo^ ;xj.iax ^07 ^aaoSiISp ^3^? t*^^ ^ssa.iaa 00070 ;»^^ ^ ojUus^o
^oj :£t^ '.OOP .o^^oao .ox\,\ . .033^3 jjao M? }tiax^ lCs.osSxS^ ^po7 ^bo^o
^^cr;^ .j^sc^^vtt ^is^ ^Nosux&sp .^0^2 ^mOsj3 .3^3fr^:io3 iCscuiois fU3 j32o ^3
^3 ^2 ,
''>\Hv ^fisoxoxM. Ao ^>>.ox*s.t)3 ;\*S!^o .^*o;x3a ^
aa ^ap h^^s ^^'>23
^2^ tfl070^>^2 o7N^3iS33 007 -vA 3.a3is2 opiiop jaa\^3 ^'iol'x&a ^0701* «\\,ao
.^M*x^ ^Mib o7fioxMaao -jo;^^'!^ A..I3 op^o .}i*x :s^b .^07703*^:30 .fi^o*
jVbaao .«^X^fs2 *.
^^j.^v^ ^ ^o;^ >^\^? ^^^ .3^.oxbo ^o7oN>2 ^di^Os ^opo
.2 tSw>jai.Ni. •^oC^2 ^xObs A*M ^ a^Aioo aa .sjQJ.N2 .007^3 ;<X3 M070^^23 007
.3*^2 ja*CU ^i«^3^ .'sN^tfs r>^o7p ^bo^N i\o^3 007 >!^» .atf^xk^ ^baX i±)3f
3^3 ^07 .}XmO"s }isV!3l iis'6*iO Ao ji.&M.3 i'sisiiO }'^0X3 ^b^o ^b>^3 ^2
^073 .00^33 .oaaa J3>^3 .oo;!'!.. }^t3o )\**a\ ixJ!^o&3 4^i^ ^^&s.
Sm. v^3 aa .5^ b2x2o ^oxb2 I'Sutsaa .007^^0^*3 ^^ii^ •^c^2 Ow^mSS ^\;*^{s2
}%»z bfisa ^3 007 .Jbo^&o^ ^3^ .M*^ C>Sl .auio ^07 ^23 ^'lmOso i^uj^i
jX^k'kU ^^71323 fUi^N^O -CStti^ jb^ ^2 Isj^MOb AOfiv ^^Sui^O .^2 ^33
vCi*&C> J^? •»<^? '^^<^ ii^oSb •Si), >mS^23 4xaj^ }io^ ^.t.do7 }^^ .oi^aso
;&bNa>3 j32 aoN ^^2 b^MO ..*ib.k\2 ^07 ^3i.oo^3 09?3 o7^o^^J.»3 ;^.o^.J.£U ^
;X33 >OX)3 JbCii^'^Oa ^ ^20 ^3 ^2 i^mS 9A •^k^\9 ^C77 ^3^X33 ^Aj.23
eao73 <\'An.^\ ^eil'0^3 ^2o ..o67*xoSofS3 ^bp 6^*3^ A^io^ fiy\ii^2 jd^p
^3^ .^2 ^^sX» ^b'Xktf ^33033 033lV^&\20 Om^S iJJt^lo J3bo'b j'\n\S .^'bol^^
;*d;^2 j'33033 ;NakX3^p .^^ ^iaaC>^3 .Ns^p ^'i3o\. ^up ^2o ^p ^073
.^O^^ vjjcl'si^ ^j.3!i03 ^070\ >S;S2 fiO laiSl (S^33 ^o\>3 O^J^ a)03J^3 ,^3
^'^.^^o ^S'^ooao f^aaoso ^La.^ \*^aj }sU^tai ^N^X. juiox .ocrull* "^^
A^Ol^ >^.\.y> ^^^J»^.1 1^^073 I.^afv'io-i ^aJ.M.S ^3.33^:03 ,«ocrp iWs^'^-io .^^sla
^3 ^>^f^ .>OX3 fj.^M Nj.607 «3l3 ^A«A ^^^0^^^M Aj^CT cf.A^a fO^! 20^p3
^s^a ^ A^3 .'iu A^o .«3303 fXi23 ii^^^ \s .S\xix «x^a^ «Nra2 v»3
^(77 aX>^3ua^ ^wlxo .«scr «'3>«:v3 ^ X^pox ^^sxiss ^a>aQ3 >^\M » ^3l V^N2
^2oo2 ^ >v^3 p:^ .fi2)a^ ^oA^? 0/P>a^ «3^ajc ^^.s .fCT^f^ ^^so 2.sua«.ouo
^*at3Ntf3 ^073 liol 6u.isj.l ^073 JNoxb «\\»o .oaioV j'aaoss j^^ojjca^ ^bo^3
}i^ a^a «L>^ AS'i ^l ..oc^ 00073 ^'a3033 ix^^iSo .^ojo^ia ixa*^ ^a\ oj33
50 Of Poseidon .d*a.jj>d3.
5 1 Of jso^ ;73ag3d,.%\^
III. Foil. 157 ^i- — 197'^?- The histories of the solitary brethren
and others.
6 Questions 185-235. On patience.
See foil. 218^-226./.
tt;.sa»=o.o^ Ji^ Sayings etc., by Agathon, Macarius, John,
Paul, Antony, Theodore, Chaeremon, ^;i=», Arsenius,
Poemen, Isidore, Moses, Paesius the brother of Poemen,
and others.
236-245. On submission to God, and to our
7 Questions
parents and brethren. See foil.226^—228^. ;n<u^n^ >^
tt^io ^i^^i ^o^o ;c-S: .Nois? Sayings, etc., by John, Joseph,
Sylvanus, Daniel, Pambo, and others.
8 Questions 246—386. On exceeding watchfulness in our
thoughts, words, and deeds. See foil 228^-247^. >^
tt^=ai.o ^o
^0-0? ;^^*^- iNo^cnt Sayings, etc., by
13 Homilies against the idle and sluggish. See fol. 333 <^.
14 Homilies against those who love vain-glory. See fol. 333 <^.
Kt .ocjNiipo ^b'cTafisxxo <i3ukc> }^sax ^»i>.':S .^3ido^
CHAPTER XVI.'
in this book, —
now some are taken from written do-
cuments, and some from oral tradition, and according —
to what I have also found written in the Ecclesiastical
History' of the excellent Mar Athken concerning Mar
George the Catholicus, the king who reigned in his
'
Hoffmann would strike out ^^^^o ^^ko^a.
"
A town, the ruins of which lie a little to the south-east
of the modern town of Meshed 'All. See Hoffmann, Ausziige, p. 97.
Mar Abha was originally a Magian. He was baptized at
•3
p. 836, col. 2.
•*
In pentasyllabic tripartite metre. The extract ends abruptly.
Hoffmann emends thus:
BOOK II. CHAPTER XVII. OF SABHR-ISHO ROSTAM. 2O9
CHAPTER XVII.'
CHAPTER XVIir.^
CHAPTER XIX.4
p. 255, col. 2.
CHAPTER XX.4
'
Job V. 26. ^ Isaiali xvii. 5.
the meal which was eaten in the evening by the holy men who had
fasted all day; by laymen this service is called "the prayer
before sleep." See Badger, 77ie Nestorians, vol. ii. p. iS.
"
David of Beth Rabban Zekha-Isho, concerning the
/. e.,
CHAPTER XXI.
CHAPTER XXII.4
CHAPTER XXIII.
p. 183. col. I.
'
He flourished about A. D. 690. See B. 0., iii. i, p. 183,
col. I.
'
2 Kings iv. 17. ^ Genesis xxi. 1 — 6.
^ Genesis xxxv. ii. * i Samuel vii. 15 — 17.
p. CMXXXVIIff.
222 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF OOVERNORS.
'
The Kurds of Kartaw dS^\SJi}\ lived in the region above
Arbela, to the west of the Lower Zab. See Hoffmann, Aus-
zuge, p. 207.
—
^ /.
— e., phantoms, spectres. This word
.. o .»
is
^
explained:
f
—^-^—
^;ii^c7/ cij See Brit. Mus. Rich 7203, fol. 188^, col. 2; and
Brit. Mus. Orient. 2441, fol. 380^, col. 2.
CHAPTER XXIV.'
youth up."
'
This chapter is quoted in B. O., iii. i, p. 184, col. i.
'
See supra, p. 192, note i. ^ See supra, p. 96, note 2.
[p. I go] And while they were thus living upon the
berries of the trees, and were being directed by the
blessed old man to the saving of their lives, the time
of the departure of Rabban Simon drew near and
arrived. And as Jacob called his sons," so he called
and said to them, "Come, my children,
his disciples,
my doctrine is to me, and I will tell you what things
will happen unto you after my departure from this
CHAPTER XXV.^
Now when that holy old man had departed this life,
CHAPTER XXVI.
^
He was ordained Bishop of Beth Garmai by the Nestorian
Patriarch Selibha-zekha who died about A. D. 729; see Bar-
Hebraeus, Chron. Eccles., col. 149, and note 2.
^
irf307,i, a rare word.
^
/. c, Isho'-yahbh III. of Adiabene.
•5
/. e., to Seleucia.
-i
Or, 'saddle-bags', = Arab. ^yi.\, and ^\f^, a 'leather bag'.
^
iy^sod^, a rare word.
2 ^O THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
^j^y^^ Ut-^ [read Lx^-^^b] Li^^Nb L^J JLio_ <^,^ i.^^^ ^\ 33'^-:
Ansab, by al-Sam'ani.
^ Read orxiao.
232 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
Read fa.!^^?-
'^
Read either ^x>, or t*=^x*. ''
all the fields round about it.' And he slew the steward
\\ho lived in the monastery, and thinking to act like
[Herod] Agrippa," who having slain the blessed James,
the brother of John, laid hands on Simon Peter also, this
daring man, having slain that blessed man and cast
his venerable body into a well of water in one of the
cultivated fields of the monastery — which is to-day
called Muharrakiyya^ — sent watchmen by night to the
blessed Joseph to spy out the place where he was and
to slay him. Now the blessed man learned this from
the believing neighbours of the monastery, [who said],
"Behold, this evil man has threatened to destroy thee
also." And he left [the monastery] and went to the neigh-
bourhood of the city of Baladh,' to the region of Awana,^
CHAPTER XXX.
p. 217, col. I.
"*
;»ofi«. Cf ^J^^ ^y^\ ^..siaac) 5= ;m? ;»on Brit. Mus. MSS.
Orient. 2441, fol. 388^', col. 2; Rich 7203, fol. 196^, col. 2.
5 Read -iaiio,
^ After ,j*\.ai&?, the word Nio? seems to have dropped out.
The reading of Vat. is better than that of the text.
236 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^
/. e., 'Anan-Jsho' the compiler of the Book of Paradise.
See supra, pp. 189 — 192.
^
Beth Begbash, Beth Baghesh, or Beth Baghash, the ^_yi-;ci>b
or iJilftL^ of the Arabs, was a district which lay on the Upper
Zab between Adhorbaigan and Ardabil [read Dabil] along which
the Great Zab flows. In the eighth century of our era the seat
of the Bishop of Beghash was in the Church of Bai [see infra
chap, xxxix (text p. 125, 1. 3)], probably Kal'a-i-Bai, the resi-
dence of Melik Beg, one of the first Kurdish princes of the
Sambo dynasty, who with the help of the Syrian Christians in
the fortress of Diz obtained the rule over the Hakkari region.
See Hoffmann, Ausziige, p. 227. The name Beth Beghash is
preserved in Basch Kal'e; see Hoffmann in Feige, Die Gc-
BOOK II. CHAPTER XXX. OF RABBAN MAR JOHN. 237
p. 446.
' See supra, p. 228.
-o* THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XXXI.
CHAPTER XXXII.
1618; see also note 2 161 where a certain ^U^ "pitch foun-
j^yilrL
'
Assemani gives <mn^ B. 0., iii. i, p. 479, col. i.
was situated there was a great, old oak (?), which was
called the "king of the forest;" [p. iio] and in the
villages round about it there were heathen who used
to burn incense to it, and who worshipped before it,
and we wished to cut it down, but we were afraid of
the heathen who worshipped it, and also of the devil
which appeared therein. Now when we heard of the
coming of the pious Mar Isho'-zekha into our country,
and concerning the vine which he withered by his
coming, when he had drawn near to the villages round
about us, our priests went to bring him to us. And
we commanded them that in coming back to us with
the Bishop their w^ay should be by the side of that
tree, and they took that way. Now when the Bishop
came near to the tree and saw its beauty, which was
caused by the exceeding care [sht wn] to it, and learned
that it was the god of the heathen who dwelt in these
villages, without coming down from the animaP upon
which he rode, or the matter causing him any astonish-
ment, he lifted up his eyes and hands to heaven, and
cried to the Lord, saying, "O Lord of heaven and
p. 479, col. I.
'
The following story is apparently related also in Bk. VI.
chap. XV. (text p. 384, 3ff.). 1.
Ausziige, p. 245.
Read
^ either ;"s£ti.o or ^'icu ?3i,. The parallel passage reads:
llS^ Vi\? 3^ Jai. cj^ an?* (text p. 384, 1. 5).
'
"Their children made a dispute about the nut trees, and
took them" (text. p. 384, 1. 6).
^
Read oj^a.
244 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
'^
On the methods employed in monasteries for summoning
the monks to prayer see Usener, Der Heilige Theodosius, p. 82,
1. 18, and the note to this passage on p. 179. - Read l^i.
BOOK II. CHAPTER XXXIII. MAR GABRIEL THE DANCER. 245
but because of
by the holy Bishop Mar Isho-Zekha,
written' these three, which
their number I have [only]
make known concerning their greatness.^
will
CHAPTER XXXIII.'
'
Read Ni-N=^?.
' Reading with Vat. ^cfisasS.
if.
B. 0., i, p. 4^0, col.
3 This chapter is quoted in iii.
The MSS. have l:^:^^ ^i, but Assemani has '^^^ \^.
+ ^aisoso. See Payne Smith, Tkes., col. 1646, and Badger,
The Nestorians, vol. ii. p. 21.
'
See supra, p. 83. ^
See supra, p. 151.
j See supra, p. 59. 4 See supra, p. 122.
"^
CHAPTER XXXIV.
^
This appears to be the meaning of the text as it stands,
|>^l>2 ^O I
p^ioS-a r^l j
^*lAC}>iO ^07 j
.02C77 OJ133
much as the righteous live with Him and are not dead,
and for their sakes He keepeth the covenant, and
performeth grace, and sheweth care for the thousands
of generations, word of the Lord,"
according to the
the righteous men men who came
of old, and the just
after them, and the holy men who come last, are the
children of lis kingdom, even as the living and life-
I
^ Exodus XX. 6.
'
We should expect to read .sjo ^..ox*? "of Jesus our Lord".
On this point see Badger, Nestoriafis, vol. ii, p. ^^6. The ex-
pression "Jesus our God" naturally suggests a Monophysite
writer. See Wright, Catalogue, p. 262, col. 2, No. 5.
>
St. Luke xiii. 29.
250 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
c7a.3ox ^ o^^f^sXl .^^.>ax v\is%t^ 3^^^ t>^<77 0*M 3.20 .C7>s0»^ e«2 ct^^^s
'
Compare HiSnO nS"*"! IfrsriTIS'; Genesis xxxix. 6.
'
Compare ^«"l nTlSI D^.rj; HD^Dj; ^ilO-jS i<^n] i Samuel xvi. 12.
' Compare '^^f2 \S^-!?1 ^1t3 D0''^1^ Daniel i. 15.
'
Read ^?. Read asMb.
•*
'
/.had passed through the period of labour in serving
e.,
of the mind, and that word which one of the holy men
wrote was in very truth fulfilled in him, "Now in the
time of youth doctrine groweth up together with the
soul and is mingled with it. And it dwelleth in silence
for a long time working in the two parts, [that is] in
CHAPTER XXXV.
OF THE ELECTION OF THE BLESSED MAN MAR AHA TO
THE HEADSHIP OF THIS HOLY CONGREGATION.
Now
hen the blessed Mar John, the head of the
^\
'
Read or^g>i. ?>i.. ^ See supra, p. 236, note 2.
j Read i^ai*^.
254 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
'
Read oiijio.
^
)l^ a hiding place. \x\ Erit. Mus. MSS. Or. 2441, fol. 136/;,
col. I, and Rich 7203, fol. ^^6b, and in Hoffman, SyriscJi-
col. 2,
vf*^M
^ ap)ii£VOv.
BOOK ir. CHAPTER XXXV. OF MAR AHA. 255
tween himself and his soul, did he make free with his
body, even as his master Abba Isaias" commanded
him. And thus all the time in which he ministered
in the office of head, the sons of his conQ^reo^ation were
in need of no teaching, for the holy sight of his person
sufficed, as in the case of that brother who, toQrether
with many others, used to go to x\bba Antonius'^ each
'
Read ;lxai^'i?.
^ I. e., Isaias of Scete, who was a contemporar\- of the two
Macarii, Poemen, Sisoes-, Paphnutius and many other famous
ascetics who lived at the end of the IVth century of our era.
See Tillemont, Menioires Eccles., VII. p. 194, col. 2; Cotelerius,
Eccles. Graec. Momnnenta, t. i. pp. 445, 596, 801, 808; Wright,
Catalogtw of Syriac Jl/SS., vol. ii. pp. 458—465; Assemani,
B. 0; ill I, p. 46, col. 2. The
and quotedIsaiah referred to
so often by was the brother of Paesius, and both were
Palladius
the sons of a merchant who carried on business in Spain Jia
;»iioai ;oo7 -A jsNioa wiXis fs^^; one brother gave all his wealth
=>.-.
to the poor, and the other employed his in founding and endow-
ing a monastery.
^ 1. e., Anthony the Great. See supra, p. 30.
256 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
^
;»a67?, more correctl\- ;iDOT3. DiJikan is the Arabic form
of an earlier da/ijuvika/ia. Compare the Armenian de/zkaii
BOOK II. CHAPTER XXXVI. AI A THE METROPOLITAN. 257
1875 —
79, p. 138, col. I; and Lagarde, Armenische Studien, ^
p. 43, no. AbJiandlnngcn der HistoriscJi-PJiilologiscJien
603 (in
Duval, Lexicon Syriacuni, col. 344; Cat. Bibl. Vat., t. iii, p. 354.
kk
258 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^ Psalm Ixxxiv. 7.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
and Orient. 2441, fol. 348 cr, col. i, ;^Ji.a = ;\^^^, and ;LA>ja and
~
f>^«23 ^Aaisbo o2 ^xo\^3 o2 ^^j.M> liocAa ^070^*2 03.O aas ^j\^io
the Lord take vengeance upon thee for thy sin." And
he cursed him, saying, "I trust in our Lord who hath
made us servants of this pasture, and hath given us
power that every thing that we bind or loose in heaven
and in earth shall be bound or loosed, that if thou art
guilty, thou shalt receive the penalty which thou deserv-
est; on the contrary,' thou art innocent,
but that if,
^ Read n*;^;v«jo.
^
^^y, a rare word.
262 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
See Gildemeister, Sexti Sententiariwi, pp. 70, 71, Nos 416 418. —
In Lagarde, Analecta, p. 23, 1. 30, and p. 24, 11. i 6, the —
passage runs: — .^oAi no^ ^v\ j-^n^io .30^*3 ;oa.io c-.^ .oajaa ^a.** ^xSu
»aio\ ^CT^2 "a^ pt^aa ^^p*? cs^ .\^^\'i o-.i^3^ s.3><»^ f^^-^ i?^^^
Xc^ ^s^p d;»itt&i03 lethal .^o fC.^23 ^o703>*«3 ^c^^f^ aS*'^? oo;p cu^
crj[^ ca f^M.o ^t.'rw \^'^ ^3»^a-i f£l.a« .9;«^.*2 jcu!p ^ao au.3 \<r^\
BOOK II. CHAPTER XXXIX. THE VISION OF AI A. 26 J
'
Read ;^. ^ See Hoffmann, Ans.zugc, p. 223.
'
gSj-? veil, ;i>?o,C3 ( = ;x*3? 007 ;>*«>aN = ^n".>^, Coubdpiov), and refe-
rence is made to the passage in Genesis xxxviii. 19, ^Nisfi.
2442.
' See supra, p. 236, note 2. ^ Read ^a* ^^^^.
^
481, col. 2.
-^
Chapter XXXII. see supra, p. 241.
11
266 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XL.
^ The first seven lines of this chapter are quoted in B. 0., iii. i,
p. 464, col. I.
42), or ioa^ See Payne Smith, Thes., coll 3276, 3279; and
Bezold, Zeifschrift filr Assyriologic, Bd. ii. p. 46 ff.
More correctly ^^hk ::$x^ = D"'iJT'"];3 Job xxxix. 13.
5 In
' For accounts of the lions who were friendly with Macarius,
the serpents who were at peace with Paul, and the hyaenas
among whom Pachon lived, see Rosweyde, Vitac Patnnn,
pp. 228, 650, and 732.
- See Roswej^de, Vitac Patnuu, p. 469, col. i , about the middle.
^ Read l^-^-^-
•*
The allusion is to "For I have five brethren". St. Luke xvi. 28.
5 /. e., a comparison between the fi\'e brethren and the five
sins here named. " Read ;s^'a^o.
"i
ProbabI}- the Simeon Priscus of Rosweyde, Vitae Patrimi,
p. 809.
^ See B. 0., and compare Rosweyde, Vttae
iii. i, p. 51,
Patmm, p. 39/;.
270 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
' /. e., one seized the old man's turban, unrolled it, and
threw it over his neck while the others dragged it down behind
like a cowl. - n.;jJ.»=uo, a rare word.
'
Read i^ooi. + For X^ ^oi.
272 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
from him, and entreated his pardon for what they had
thought; and when they had knelt down and prostrated
themselves before him and had risen up they could
not see him at all, and thus he passed out of their
hands, and where he went and where he died until
this day no man knoweth. And when the brethren
came to the Metropolitan in grief and sorrow and shame-
facedness of conscience which rebuked them, and made
known to him what had happened, he was exceedingly
angry with them, and he answered and said to them,
"While the other monks who were your predecessors
in the place in which ye live, made that holy old man
CHAPTER XLI.
The lesson for the day is taken from the XXVIIIth chap, of
St. Matthew. See Brit. Mus. Add. 17, 923, fol. 92 «, (Wright,
Catalogue, p. 184, no. 65), and B. 0., iii. ii. p. CCCXXXII.
5 Read h'^'^- ^ Read o^?.
7 Read with BC JlA.. C^fi.,^:^;,.
'^
;<»b^S a word used to express indistinct and hasty speech
'Is-y^ ^JUJbl In Psalm cxiv. i. ^V^ nj? = ;»o-s^ ;»i..
BOOK II. CHAPTER XLI. OF MARAN-ZEKHA. 275
supra, p. 30) who, when he felt that the time of his death was
drawing near, sent off Antony to fetch the cloak which Atha-
nasius, Bishop of Alexandria, had given him, in order that his
body might be wrapped therein for burial. Paul wished to be
left alone in prayer with God when the summons came. While
Antony was on his road to bring the cloak he saw the soul
of the blessed Paul being carried up to heaven by angels. See
Butler, Lives of the Saints, vol. i. p. 185, Jan. 15, London 1812.
BOOK II. CHAPTER XLI. OF MARAN-ZEKHA. 279
' For the use of tfo^ia in this sense see Payne Smith, TJies.,
col. 3292. And see Wright, Catalogue of Syr. MSS., p. 257,
col. I, No. 49; and p. 275, col. 2, No. 4, "The Commemoration
of any one Saint" ^osjs a^ Ji»>i.?.
CHAPTER XLII.
'
In allusion to D^i?*? HJ^bj Genesis xi. 3.
' ;iLa\ = ireTTXacTiLievoq. Cf Bernstein \\\ Z.D.M.G., Bd. iii,
CHAPTER XLIII.
CHAPTER XLIV.
Chion. Eccles., ii. col. 155, and see B. O., iii. i, p. 616. According
to 'Abhd-Isho' {B. 0., iii. i, p. 168) he wrote -.jactiJi^Soy ^b ^ajt
A-.a3o ;>*o*»^o ;*ia* A\v>'o wi\an3 The Catholics who were de-
posed were Mar(i)-b6kht, Narsai, Elisha, Joseph and Surin or
Soren; see Budge, Book of the Bee, p. 120.
^ "Then arose Jacob and was appointed Catholicus in Seleucia,
after the bishops had received from him an undertaking in
writing that he would neither trangress the law nor abrogate
the canon, days a church for the Nestorians was built
hi his
at Tagrith (Tekrit) by the care of Selibha-zekha, Bishop of
Tirhan, who had been cast in prison with Jacob the Catholicus.
And when he was set free he began to restore the churches in
Tirhan, and he also went to Paul the Maphrian at Tekrit and
persuaded him to give permission for the Nestorians to build
themselves a church in Tekrit. The Maphrian said, 'As far as
I myself am concerned I have no objection, but I am afraid of
--#-
[P. .39] BOOK III.
^
See infra, p. 304 ff.
- iNoiOb.xl,_ enibodivient, (i.^.«-cc«i.\ Cf. ;^» Noia*s\ and ^Qiousl_
:!!ko Payne Smith, Thes., col. 794.
^ ;i^». This very rare word is explained in Hoffmann, Opus-
cula Nestoriana, p. 96, 1. if. by ^fini .bc^? l^kk'^ ^.l^'^ ^^9='*?^
CHAPTER I.'
^
i^.3V^, '^iJ^<-4'' ^ town in Tirhan, was situated on the east
banV: of the Tigris, about eighteen miles from Karb Samarra
on the road to Mosul. See Hoffmann, Aus.'^uge, p. 188.
- Read ^'^t\, i. e., jj^Lib_-J> 1 irhan was a district which is
See Hoffmann, A7issuge, pp. 188 191 and B. 0., iii. ii, p. 785. — ;
"'
The allusion appears to be to Psalm cxxxvii. 4, "How
shall we sing the Lord's song in a strange land?"
1
airs/ and the signs and accents (?)- and all the songs
which are sung [with the psalm which begins], "Lord.
I have upon Thee," ^ and the final clauses of the
called
prayers,'^ and the psalms'' which are dispersed throughout
3 Psalm CXLI.
* 3ioiE), /. e.. the airs which are sung at the end of the
prayer for the night J^\ s^J-o ^\ ^ JLio ^:J\ ^^^^Li-^Jl
Payne Smith, Thes., col. 2551. ja^oc? = jiSingjc.
KttG' 5.
294 THOMAS OF MARGA , THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
' /. e., the 'village of the Gazelle', 'tizzel being stat. abs. of
the Upper or Great Zab. See Hoffmann, Ajisziige, pp. 236, 296.
'
/. c, t^^^\j^ ''
I. e., d-~iX^^.
'
CHAPTER 11.^
. '
"section", "chapter".
~ ~ ~" "'
'
*
See supra, p. 217, note i.
' Perhaps the same as i&i xj. Cf B. 0., ii. p. 221, col. 2, 1. ^^.
-I. e., ^u N*=»; see Syriac text p. 329. line 17.
^ The modern Bavian, situated on the right bank of the
Gomel river, about twenty-five miles nearly north of Mosul.
For an account of the Assyrian sculptures at this place see
Layard, Xincvch and Babylon, London, 1853, P- 208 fif.
'^
;ikfi>*,3i3, formed with the Persian termination ^^b keeping, "^
PP
298 TflOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER III.'
'
This chapter is quoted in B. 0., iii. i, p. 179.
~ According to 'Abhd-.'sho he wrote "Orations, Epistles,
Hymns of Praise, Histories, Admonitions and Homilies" ^aao^
^Noa'a^o ;ivOki*N'i»o i.*iicNo i-JixNo ;is"3.i.2o B. 0., iii. I, p. l8l.
J Better h>s.sii.
^Ua sljJus «J^ A'^'S >^?o ^**=>? i.i.?>* ^i*i.bo ^i40o7 .07 Vcn^i i^*-
-^
;sp\_3pN, literally "interpretations". See Badger, A'cstorians,
vol. ii. p. 19, ;»i^ ^o^ = iJWs-yj ,.^^-^" t-j-^ j-:^-**^ Orient. 2441,
fol. 389^:, col. I, and Rich 7203, fol. 198/;, col. 2.
'
;Lsio: = S^ nj;^a'in Cf Payne Smith, T/ics., col. 1639.
BOOK III. CHAPTER III. THE WORKS OF BABHAI. 299
^
Cf. the Blessings in the Marriage service quoted by Badger,
Nestorians, vol. ii. p. 2 54 ff.
Assemani renders, "De eodem sancto Jacobo cantiones
-
PP- 31-35-
^ For a list hymns of Babhai extant, see Wright,
of the
Syr. Lit.., p. 8_i4, col. i. The following hymn for the night of
Sunday in Epiphany week edited from Add. 14,675, fol. \'Jl'fi,
and Rich 7156, fol. 163, will serve as a .specimen of the metri-
cal compositions of this eminent writer.
300 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
.^>.o.=u£s^ }itsl is^2 3^ : MmS o^^o ^2uiS osoaja .j^oa^&\!lls ^'^^A }^o • ?">o?
^^^fioo jbo^* f'aAs .f^OMS ^*^ao? ^a>j>Z ^^ \.oJCd : ^o^ ^Af^? ''^^ ol N\a.«
^
.^o^3 ajhao^ t-^^? ^?^ '
t'^^V** 'A^'* r^soMi JOn> .^UmS ^>^(i2) ^3 ^ -.
^x>,^lxaX»
^2 A^30^'^ Jdo^ -. ^<.»u<.3 ^.u^isp ;^>je ^c;ao .f»^ ^?-3 3J.^^ ;i^o .^2\m
.Dtoi 3><«:)2 ^:30 ^fSoo;^^^ ^mSOX a^u '•*^02Ui.23 ^^o }ji2^ "p^o .^.^^
^\\^ : ^^O703o\o ^to Z'^oax^N 07^3 ; ^3o.a ^os^So ^ao^o lal^ ^aooc
of Mar Abba; he
flourished about A. D. 550. According to
'Abhd-Isho' he wrote "Expositions and Funeral Orations,"
;aQ\3o:s £1 iaxo^. SeeB. (9.,ii.p.4i2, col. i; iii. i,p. 170, chap. XCV.
- /. e., Narsai, called the 'l^arp of the Spirit" ;«033 ;iia
col. ']'].
'-
1. e., John, surnamed Adhramah, c^ib?? (see Bk. i. chap. 14.
supra, p. 6"/), monk
Monastery of Mount ]zla
formerly a in the
when Mar Babhai was the abbot. He left that monastery with
Zekha-Isho and Abraham and went with them to Dasen, and
built a monastery; he is usually described as "John of Beth
Rabban." According to 'Abhd-Isho' he wrote commentaries upon
Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Job, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Pro-
verbs; controversial treatises against the Magians, Jews and
heretics; discourses, prayers, a Discourse upon the death of
Khusrau, a Discourse upon the plague at Nisibis, Consolations,
Questions upon the Old and New Testaments, hymns of various
kinds, and a work upon the "tones of hymns", h^^o.^:? ^a. See
B. 0., iii. I, pp. 72, 631, 70cS.
- /. e., Abraham of Mount Izla, the friend of John Adhramah,
(see supra, p. 37, note i). He wrote commentaries upon Joshua,
Judges, the Books of Kings, Ecclesiasticus, Isaiah, the twelve
Minor Prophets, Daniel, and the Song of Songs; he wrote also
upon the 'Cause of the Sessions' 43^^03 ;>^, and composed hymns.
See B. 0., iii. i, p. 71.
J ^NoiliiQio, the desire to rival some one.
* Abraham bar-Dashandad who flourished about A. D.
/. e.,
720, and who was the teacher of the Catholicus Timothy I.,
and of his successor Isho' bar-Non, and of Abu Nuh al-Anbari in
302 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
a disputation with the Jews, the Book of the king's way, dis-
^ Read uC^^-
-C7:b2 =
nnt< 2 Kings iii. lO.
There is a play here upon the name ;*3a\
3 Gi'irya which
means both a ''lion's whelp", and a "puppy".
^
In Bk. IV. chap. 16 (Syriac text p. 217, 1. ii) he is
CHAPTER I.
THE apolo(;y.
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER III.
'
See Book ii. chap. 32, supra, p. 239
-
;fo3!pi^», "a heresy composed of paganism and Chaldeeism.
It adoreth the powers of nature,
(lit. elements) Hke the heathen,
ledge of the planets and Signs of the Zodiac, and in the ruling
of the stars, like the Chaldeans". See Payne Smith, Thes.,
col. 2009.
'
See supra, p. 249 ff.
o 08 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
fol. 176^^, col. 2, gives ,^5c7!x =^j^iLH iJlil i )Ls.\.^L See also
Theophylact Simocatta, ed. Bonn v. 9; Noldeke, GescJiichte der
Perser, p. 446f; and Hoffmann, Aussiige, pp. 236 — 239. The
Shahrighan, ^.a^jl^,..^!, are said to have formed a noble class
which ranked next to the three great castes of Sawad. See
Mas'udi, Murrig al-Dliahab (Les Prairies d'Or), ed. Barbier de
Meynard, torn. ii. p. 240. Paris 1863.
.
^
This sentence is quoted in B. 0., iii. i, p. 482, col. 2.
^
Psalm xcvii. 1 1
J Compare .oj;^: i-ax* Book ii. chap. 34, supra, p. 249, note 2.
•^
This sentence is quoted in B. 0., iii. i, p. 483, col. i.
BOOK in. CHAPTER rr I. THE HISTORY OF M ARAN- AMMEH. 3II
- i^^, Arab. pU, plur. fL, and ^^\, and ^\ (Dozy, Supple-
viciii, ii. p. 517, col. 2), /'.
e., Pars. ^IXJ.
">
A seat of the Shahrighan in the diocese of Salakh. See
Hoftmann, Aiisziige, p. 245, and B. O., i. p. 194.
+ See supra, p. 309, note 4.
" See supra, p. 256, note 2.
312 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER IV.
Bohrasp lJu^oI-^ (See Mas'udi, Lcs Praires d' Or, tom ii. p. 121
~ I. e., ik:i,^JLjc.
puted the matter with him, saying that they would not
give it up at all. Then Mar Maran-'^ammeh answered and
said to them, "Since ye thus dispute the matter, and
will not put yourselves away from this iniquity, come,
let us go to the mill, that we may learn from it to
whom it belongs." And those Arabs, although they
made a mock at the difficulty of these words, and neither
trusted nor believed in the power which was united
and went
to the blessed man, agreed to this condition,
forth with him; and with them there were many Shah-
righan' and Dahkane' [who went] to see what would
come of his And [when] they had gone
ordering.
into [the mill], Mar Maran-ammeh answered and said
to his opponents, "Since the mill is yours, command it
to shew us that it is yours, and then we will leave it
in your hands and go away." And they answered and
said to him, "Thou must order it to shew us to whom
it belongs". He said to them, "If I command and it
it,
ashes began to come forth from under the mill, and the
CHAPTER V.3
I
BOOK III. CHAPTER VI. THE HISTORY OF MARAN- AMMEH. 317
CHAPTER VI.
• It.is'sioa .A^f^u i^l .«\iua3.£o ^b .oc?^ 2ocr >s^o .ffr^li^boS 0007 ^SA^Nxbo
. . . •^':&n^ afro ^^07^ ^o .^1 ^^.^ ^07^ a.^ .^3.3X^3 ;^.of»A^ AjOO ja^
^.^Vt-i^e .^'aaX bXa ^u ^007 ^073 ^^^aa ^p .^la ^a3L^ ^iso.*^* fs^Xibol 3>ao
2S.M, >!^S. 0307 ^A'^l ^'30^ ^^tSO ^SNO .j*.3^f»^3 ja^S n^2 3.^3 3>m 0907
3.*fiSj.O .^Jub ,^007 ^^IS. ^flii^, ^m030 .fAsl. 3>^3 ,\,C73 4U ^2 }i^UJO 4^(Sil
'
Genesis xliii. i. ^ Genesis xviii. 21.
~^
2 Kings xix. 35.
^
Psalm xviii. 7; Psalm xcvii. 5; Isaiah v. 25.
320 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
until the end, and until time shall cease and be annihil-
ated; I will be a participator with thee in their des-
truction." The blessed man answered and said to him,
''It is neither just nor seemly that I should be the
executioner^ of my own children, and the slayer of
those who have been by me with baptism sanctified
and the laying on of hands, and whom I have made
to drink of the living water of the doctine of Christ;
spare me, a sinful man from doing this. The destruc-
tion of the Assyrians, ^ and the destruction of the people
of Israel which took place in the days of David, '^
the
many cities which were overthrown,^ and the great
^No,-soa oj!^i3 ^'soua^o ;3*aio ^>>^l.k»2^ ^a? aoN ijj.^crjt3 ^ ^..jcoj^. Brit.
CHAPTER Vll.
^33 iioi "great fish", ;a*in "dragon," _L!L^ "crocodile." Brit. Mus.
MSS. Rich 7203, fol. i4Sa, col. 2; and Orient. 2441, fol. 32 1<^,
col. 2. See also Ahrens, Buc/i der Naturgegenstdnde, (text) p. 55.
^
Jonah ii. 10.
did He turn back this fugitive priest, not by means of
a fish, but by means of the element' of hre did He
make him afraid;^ and he returned to His service. Now
when he had gone on the whole day, without food
and without water, he came to a valley in which was
a pooP of water, and there were reeds'* round about
it, and he went into the place where the reeds were
dense 5 that he might satisfy his hunger with the plants^
and herbs which were round about him. Then that
guardian angel stood above him as before, and an-
swered and said to him, "Whither canst thou flee from
before the Lord? Behold the heavens and the earth
are filled with Him; thou appearest to be acting like
and mountains. A
example of such a reedy swamp is that
fine
of 1 890, and the ride occupied more than two hours. Sir Henry
Layard saw a leopard stealing from the high grass at this
place. See Nineveh and Babylon, p. 324.
-''
iioai.. A rare word.
^ All the MSS. have ILm. Naiihe, and according to Stoddard
(quoted in Payne Smith, Tlies., col. 2387) ^w means "a kind
of hot grass." The word ;^ji, or ;-»* may be a corruption of
i'Ji^, Pers. \.^_^} = ^i or j&o^ioi, Gr. d)LiMi = ^^^^'^L^- See Dozy,
Supplement, tom. ii. p. 632, col. i ; Payne Smith, Thes., coll.
CHAPTER VIII.
^ Read ^ii.
^
For examples of x^ used as an adverb see Payne Smith,
T/ies., col. 1256.
^ Numbers xvi. 32.
326 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
the wife saw the cursing of the holy and it old man,
fell upon her ears, she knew that straightway his com-
'
See supra, Book iii. chap. 2, p. 296.
- All the MSS. have ;fN-3^^io?, but we must read either
;|w;^N»? or is.isJ^isi;? (compare is^^isio Syriac text p. 182, 1.
5,
chap. 2, p. 296.
o 28 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
'
The Peshitta has *o7oai3,j>3 ,*:^3 -?«-.*? >»^o.
~ A place between Mardin and Amid. Concerning its pleas-
ant situation compare "cum ad nemorosum quendam locum ^ ^<~
vineis arbustisque pomiferis consitum Meiacarire nomine venis-
semus, cui fontes dedere vocabulum gelidi". Ammianus Marcel-
linus, xviii. 6. 16.
"^
for his riches and glory departed, and all his estates
became the property of strangers, and that during his
lifetime and while his eyes could see it. And Shabhoran,^
the Shahrigh,^ from the village of Koph,^ related to
me concerning this man, that in his old age he came
to such absolute poverty that he must have brought
in the beginning of the fast"* without bread, if a certain
man of his household had not brought him a handful
of wheat, which he roasted on hot coals, and thus
brought in the fast of forty days.^
Now there was in the village which was called
Beth Kardagh,° a certain heretic^ who dwelt upon a
pillar of limestone; now this man had dwelt for many
^ /. c, Shahpuhran.
-
A--3«^. the first example of the use of the singular of
^»3eTi in Thomas of Marga. The Pehlevi is shahrig, or shahrik,
in Neo-Persian shahri; see Noldeke, Geschichte der Perser, p. 446.
' /. €., "Kob near Akra;" see Badger, Nestorians , vol. i,
even bread to begin the fast ;ioo^ ^^^^ = ^0^, ^.iLsios isxa -^^ -'the
p. CCCLXXXVII.
*-'
Or Beth Kardagh in Marga ; see Book iii. chap. 2, supra,
p. 297. This district is also called ;Ii.^?isj3; see the Syriac
text p. 183, 1. 5.
"
/. e., a Jacobite.
BOOK III. CHArTKR VIII.
'
All the MSS. have i^n, but we should probably read
and ma\- fire eo forth from the hail and consume th)'
bod)-, and mayest thou be a reproach and a byword
for all generations which shall come after." And those
who were spectators tell me that wnth the w'ord of the
blessed- old man, there appeared a little black cloud
rising up and coming from Mount Matthew, ^ and might)'
thunders roared, and blazing lightnings played round
about it, came on and rested over that pillar.
and it
CHAPTER IX.
may be gathered from Joshua the Stylite, who says that "in
the month of Jyar (May, A. D. 501) there blew a hot wind
for three days, and all the corn of our land was dried up save
in a few places," ..i^J? ooai. oj\a wax© .;is^N hUxx^. ioox^ ;«o-> ^Jtlai
the two hundred and fourth year of the Arabs;' [p. i68]
and the famine waxed very great during the drought, and
slew many And when the blessed man
l)y its severity.
sa\\' widows that were dying of hunger,
the orphans and
he rose up and went to Hesna 'Ebhraya,^ and he
beofan to q-q round and to ask alms of the believers,
wherewith he might feed the orphans and poor people
oobio H-i^^o ,.>»*»3 "two hundred and thirty-fourth year (/. e., A.
D. 840)." See the preceding note.
- /. c, the "Hebrew Fortress." Thomas of Marga may
refer to the Jewish community living round about Nebi Yunus.
This mound is called .*o^l JJj, or in Syriac ;^o3u^^ ;^is "the
mound of repentance," because the prophet Jonah is said to
have gathered the Ninevites together, and to have preached to
them there, after which they repented. The position of the
Monastery of Yunus ibn-Mattai, ,^J^ ^ ^j^yt. ft? i^ described
in Yakut, ii. p. 810. The fountain of Yunus is about one mile
distant from the mound; see Voyages d'lbn Baton tah, ed. Defre-
mery, torn. ii. Nebi Yunus is within the walls which mark
p. 137.
to this day kaffiyyelis are woven with long fringes, and when
the purchaser has made his selection, the merchant hands it
over to a man or woman who plaits the fringe into thin cords,
each of which he knots at the end, or works it into a little
round ball which is often sewn over with coloured silks and
thread of gold. j ^^ for U^-
340 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTEk X.
' i'2v*i=>' i'i^ literally "soft nails," /. e., from babyhood and
tenderest childhood. The expression also occurs in Bar-Hebraeus,
CJn-on. Eccies., i. col. 729, 1. 14, and is applied to one whom
Dionysius had taught from his earliest childhood in his cell.
Between Mo.sul and Tekrit are many such, and a daily draught
of the water or bath is most beneficial in many diseases.
BOOK III. CHAPTER X. HISTORY OF MARAN- A.MMEI I. 34 I
life was at hand, [p. 170] they would not allow him
to depart from them; and with all manner of reasons
and deeds they worked that he might finish his course
with them, and that his holy body might be laid in
their church. And Mar Maran-'ammeh sent secretly
to Lohrasaph/ and he came and while Lohr- to him;
asaph was weeping because he saw
in his presence,
that he was already laid in the chamber of the tomb,
the holy man quieted him, and whispered to him, say-
ing, "I desire and very much wish to lie in thy church,
compare Rew-Ardashir.
- /. e., LuJirasp, <^.,^X^ for this name see Hoffmann, Aus-
;
[p. 171] an animal for him to ride on,' and when he had
come half way on the road, the soul of the blessed man
departed, and went by the hands of holy angels with
spiritual hymns of praise to Paradise, and rested w^th
'
Read ^aaas.
- According to Bar-Bahlul (Brit. Mus. Or. 2441, fol. 343/^,
col. \) pooa\cxi3 is the name given to the "two balustrades (or
banisters), between which the steps were built" w^c- h'^^ao ^nsn
;\3? (sic) oo?Xi.^» ^l43?. AnotherAdd. 7203, fol.
lexicon, Brit. Mus.
1 59«, col. 2, says that ;»oi\ci,a is "the raised platform (or daisj which
is before the door of the altar," ^-ojjol )b flJla ,^^1 <*jiLoil; and >
India Office Lexicon, fol. 1 1 b, col. 2, explains both ;aoo=>\c>.B and i<ia
men the KaruCTTpujiaa must also have been the uppermost deck,
for the depth of the ship was reckoned from the KaTd(7Tpu)|Lia to
the bottom of the hold: see Lucian, navigium, V. See also
Kraus, Rcal-Encyklopadie der ChristUchen Alterthutner Freiburg ,
'
The 3Jic was included in the iMo-\\t^a, and strictly speak-
I
344 THOMAS OF MARGA, THP: BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
'
N.k;i<.x\^. everlastingly. A rare word.
,
^ In dodecasyllabic metre.
- :*iai. caniiis rispoiisoriiis sic dictiis ''quod uno canente
chorus consonando respondeat." Payne Smith, Thcs., col. 2927.
J Read ;k.li.->2. ' ;^6i\.3: = e7TiTpoTTO<;.
i'
;
shall be suno-.
25 Our Lord Jesus was with him. and chose him for
Himself,
And from his youth up He set him aside and sancti-
fied him for His household.
To be a member of His heavenly household was the
holy man worthy.
'
Read ;Lao;ap. a-jso:, Tahn. Dli'^pIN = OYKivoq. For the forms
of the word see Payne Smith, T/ies., col. 88.
J See Book chaps,
iii. i
—
3, supra, pp. 289 298. —
^ Read ;^a^c>i. Deut. xxxiv. 9. ^
I
34^ THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
'*
Arbel, Irbil, or Erbil Jo;|.. See Hoffmann. Auszuge,
pp. 231, 233.
350 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
'
BC read liLaS.. The metre requires that we should adopt
this reading.
^ All the MSS. have ^ojoXljiis, but we should probably read
115 He put out all men and remained alone with the
dead,
'
Read }oa, fis>3. See Bk. iii. chap. 3, supra, p. 308,
* I Samuel, xxxi. 4. '
Read, with BC pj^ ^odj \s^^
yy
354 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
prayers.
135 And while the tried priest was excelling in such-
like things,
'
Read jjox:>»3'boi ^IlAx.
^
The metre requires us to read Jia^.
Read, with Vat. .ons-.. Hephton belonged to the district of
^
Mosul, and the Upper or Great Zab flowed through it. See
Hoffmann, Aussiige, pp. 233, 234; and Feige, Die Geschichte
des Mar Abhdtsho und seines Jiingers Mar Qardagh, Kiel,
1889, p. 31, note J I.
356 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
' /. c, angels.
~ Read ii'i; compare ;f: above line 159.
^ iy.;»ioiw pitilessly; a rare word.
358 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
170 And cast down and destroy good and evil men
without sparing."
He made answer to the Watcher, "I cannot do this
deed,
Because the Creator needeth not for power the help
of man.
By He overthrew Sodom and
the hand of angels
^
Gomorrah,
And now by the hand of the Watchers on high let
Him do this."
175 The Watcher answered, "Do not dispute my words,
For whether thou wilt, or whether thou wilt not,
perforce thou must go".
And when the Watcher had disappeared from him,
he departed and fled,
back to land.
And He terrified our father with fire and he turned
back.
185 The mighty man arose, the charioteer mounted, the
athlete made ready,
'
Genesis xix. 24. ^
Jonah i. 3.
;
David, 3
^L-»:s?J\ ;3;x_ ^Astwfisao ^ca? ia'i^a *oxo3i& Brit. Mus- MS. Orient.
2441, fol. 375^, col. 2.
3 6o THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
horsemen,
One on the plain, one on the mountain, each facing
each.
- 2 Samuel xvi. 6.
i ^oiox, probably a mistake for ,*i,»i.
*
Numbers xvi. 32.
1
Sodom.*
Darkness remained above it for sixty days,'
220 The report flew abroad, like a bird, into all countries.
[Maran-'ammeh] came and arrived at Beth' Ainatha
and Habushta,^
And he sent uwo arrows flying into them^ and
destroyed them.
A violent wind like that of Job^ blew suddenly,
And they fell and were destroyed [and remained]
without inhabitants for ever.
225 He passed on from these villages to the little
^
Job. i. 19.
^ See Bk. iii. chap. 8, supra, p. 327, note 4.
''
235 He it at Zadhoi,
shot [p. 183] and prophesied to
him what was about to come to pass,
"All the glory with which thou art clothed thou
shalt be made to put away,
And thou shalt live a life of hunger and misery."^
And this happened to the old man Zadhoi even as
[Maran-ammeh] had said to him.
^ Daniel v. 30. ISt^B''?? is the Chaldee form of the Baby-
lonian name i?£V-j-//^?r-//.s7/r, "Bel, protect the King." SeeSchrader,
Die Keiliiischriften tend das Alte Testament, p. 433; Bevan,
A Short Covinientary on tJie Book of Daniel, p. 99; and for other
Babylonian names containing the name of the god Bel see
Strassmaier, Inschriften von Nabonidns, K'onig von Badjlon,
Heft iv. p. 52.
- j&d*b? Darios, i. e., AapeTog. Other forms of the name
are aalb? and Jtoi's?; see Bar-Hebraeus, Clironicon Syriaciun, ed.
Bedjan, p. 29; and Budge, History of Alexander, p. 55.
^ Read il^Ji. Another example of the mistake of ;ia,^j for
clear light,
And the son of darkness thought and decided that
he would make a mock of him.
He cried out to his disciple to go out quickly to
meet him,
And to ask him to turn aside to him that he might
be blessed [by him].
245 He saw that the blessed old man had turned aside
to pass by his wa)',
'
/. e., (i^\;>'^=wV^?3J:< i^*3; see supra, p. 330.
^ jssoa. This bird, according to Physiologus, lives "in high
'
and flies about lofty places, and sleeps in the rock;" see Land,
Aiiecdota, vol. iv. p. 61; Hommel, Die Aeth. Uebersctsnng dcs
Physiologus, p. 18; and Ahrens, Das Buck der Natiirgcgen-
stdnde, Kiel, 1 892, p. 49.
;64 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
t
See supra, p. 362, 1. 235.
May the Lord smite this th)- tower with hailstones,
And mayest thou fall among the stones thereof into
an evil death,
generations.
270 And all those who pass by the way shall make a
mock of thee for ever!"
At the w^ords of the mighty old man, which w^ere
filled with death,
A cloud of darkness filled with hail, and [having]
fire inside it,
'
Joshua X. II.
;66 THOMAS OF xMargA, the book of governors.
sublime^ manner,
And he was appointed Catholicus and Patriarch of
the Church.
295 He went forth from these [villages], being led
by the hand of the angel.
To the villageof Hetre which is situated at the
ends of the earth.
And the arrow which was left he threw and cast
at it, and it remained a ruin,
325 There met him on the way six wicked men who
were thieves,
And they dared to plunder him , and likewise to
take the money which he had with him.
P- 35-
-'
;i*L. bag, sack; compare Talnnidic NH'^'n (Buxtorf cd.
Fisher p. 386, col. i), and u^, or ;^^- sacciis, pcra, Payne
Smith, Thes., col. 1408.
J Genesis xiii. i.
METRICAL HOMILY UPON MARAN- AMMEH BY THOMAS. 369
He took his rod, and tied his turban cloth upon the
top ofand threw it up
it, into the air.
And what had been done was bitter, and painful
and grievous to him.
He cried out with mournful siofhs to our Redeemer
concerning his injury,
330 And he called his days a life full of every affliction.
365 The multitudes and all ranks [of people] bore with
honour his venerable body,
With hymns and songs of praise of the Holy Spirit.
They laid him in the temple [p. 189] to the right
of the holy altar, ^
' /. e., the earthly Paradise. "As to where the souls abide
from the time they leave their bodies until the resurrection,
some say that they are taken up to heaven, that is, to the
region of the spirit where the celestial hosts dwell. Others say
that they go to Paradise, that is, to the place which is abund-
antly supplied with the good things of the mystery of the
revelation of God; and that the souls of sinners lie in darkness
in the abyss of Eden outside Paradise. (Compare Animas
Sanctorum, statim atque corporibus solvuntur, in Paradisum
terrestrem deferri; Damnatorum vero Animas in inferiori loco 1
370 And surround with the wall of Thy care the sheep
of Thy flocks.
their lives,
380 That by reason of their abundance they may con-
fess Thy goodness at all times.
Support the old men with the strength of Thy
power, and make them young men.
That they may teach early manhood chastity of life.
choir, ;»*»*? ^a^ ^ckio? .;»oa.\.g>o ^i. ;^a*cj3 (text. p. 171, 1. 6),
so he will one day stand at the right hand of the presence
of God.
' The text of BC is corrupt; read .N"ir>3^ "our furrows."
^ Genesis xxvi. 12. ^ Job xxix. 12.
'*
Genesis xxx. 43. s
Genesis xviii. 5.
METRICAL HOMILY UPON MARAN- AMMEH BY THOMAS. T^y T,
lord.
^
Cf Numbers chaps iii. iv; Joshua iii. 17.
374 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
400 Pour out the truth of the doctrine of life for ever.
Protect our Father the Metropolitan, and increase
by his hands
The flocks of Thy sheep and of Thy pasture like
unto Paul/
Bless the priests and the Levites who are round
about him,
And according to Thy pleasure may they increase
the talents^ which they have taken from Thee.
405 [Bless] believing men and women also, and all ranks
[of people]
Who go in before Thee to pray in this temple.
Make them worthy, that in the church which is in
Heaven above,
They may praise Thy name together W'ith the hosts
of the righteous who have been made perfect.
Also upon the hands and mouth which wrote down
the triumph of Thy servant
410 Let Thy tribunal shew compassion, according to the
wont of Thy graciousness.
And him that was, [p. 191] by his entreaty, the
cause of our history,
Protect in this w^orld, and in the next make worthy
of the festal chamber^ of Thy light.
-5HHg-
[P. 192] BOOK IV.
CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
^ Read .^n:.
• All the MSS. have SMii, but we should have expected ^^i.
5 /. e., Jsho'-yahbh of Adiabene. See supra, p. 131 fif.
">
Telia Birta was situated in the diocese of Marga, beyond the
river Zab, reckoning from Arbela; see Hoffmann, Aussilge, p. 227.
s
To be distinguished from Birta in Saphsapha; see Hoff-
mann, Aiissiigc, p. 227.
BOOK IV. CHAPTER II. ISHO - YAHBH OF MARGA. 379
'^
See supra, p. 234ff. ^ See Bk. iii. chap. 4, supj^a, p. 248fif.
J /. e., Henan-Isho' II., who succeeded Mar Jacob as Nes-
torian Patriarch A. Gr., 1085= A. D., 774 = A. H. 157; he
died A. D. 780. For his writings see B. 0., iii. i, pp. 155,
157. For the famous Chinese-Syriac monument of Singan-fu,*
which was inscribed during the reign of this Patriarch, see
B. 0., iii. II, p. 538 ff.; Yule, The Book of Ser Marco Polo,
vol. ii. p. I3fr. ; Bar-Hebraeus, Chron, Eccles., ii. p. 166, note i;
B. 0., iii. I, p. 156. Copies of this interesting document have
been published by Kircher, China Momunentis, Amsterdam, 1667;
Pauthier, L
inscription Syro-Chinoisc de Si-ngan-fou, Paris 1858;
Yule, Ser Marco Polo, vol. ii. facing p. 16 (from a rubbing by
Dr. Lockhart) and a new edition of these texts was promised by
;
eight lines of the next are quoted in B. 0., iii. i, p. 158, note 2.
him with him to his cell, and made him sit down, and
asked him, saying, "Whence comest thou, my son, and
whither goest thou?" And the youth said to him, "I am
a nephew of George, Bishop of Beth Beghash, and he has
^
i3u.3\, .„^,-^, i. e., the thirtieth part of a ^boa; see Payne
Smith, Tlies., coll. 780, 1713; and compare Armen. ^77^, crdiov
in Lagarde, Arnienisc/ie no. 536 {Abhandhaigen
Studieii, p. 39,
Konig. Gesell. Wz'ssen. zu Gottingen, Histor. - Philolog. Classe
Bd. XXir. No. 4).
382 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.^
laid the matter before the Khalif of Bagdad, al-Mahdi, but ob-
taining no support from him, Muhammedan, and is
he turned /
p. 337-
A^?a^ in Turkish means "Black Mountain". Mar Kardagh
^
For the life, history and acts of Mar Kardagh see Feige, Die
GeschicJite des Mar AbJidislib und seines Jungers Mar Qardagh,
Kiel, 1889; Abbeloos, Acta Mar KardagJii Assyriae Praefecti
qui sub Sapore II martyr occubuit, Bruxelles, 1890; Bedjan, Acta
Martyruvi et Sanctorum, tom. ii. pp. 442 506, Paris, 1891. —
7 Read otn^^.
BOOK IV. CHAPTER VI. ISHO -YAHBH GOES TO ADIABENE. 387
CHAPTER VI.^
'^
Read either n^^n: ;or >*!s J^^^?, or n^^n: »*S vSn^s.?.
5 Isaiah vii. 4.
^ The Metropolitan of Adiabene here referred to was Rostam,
concerning whom see the next chapter.
55 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER VII. ^
;iLafl, Mandaitic fc^ims are derived from ^^J^^^^k the Persian name
of a festival, ^'i^o'* (for I'ifko^j^cakes, and in Jeremiah vii. i8, translates
the Hebrew D'^iJ?. The word is explained by the native lexico.
graphers to mean, "sacrifices offered to idols"; "sacrifices which
were offered to devdls in the time of the heathen, and which
the Arabs still make in their festival;" and "cakes made of fine
flour, oil and honey." For the texts see Payne Smith, Thes.,
coll. 1 163, 1 1 64; Duval, Lexicon, col. 684. The reading of BC
Vat. i3>^i? is a mistake for ^'iNii?, the sing, of which ^aNsi nausea,
is also explained by "the food which burneth in the stomach of
gluttons, and which maketh smoke in the throat;" see Payne
Smith, Thes., col. 354. The form ^iKfli indigestion, is given in
Duval, Lexicon, col. 269. Compare Armen. zoh "sacrifice".
Lagarde, Armenische Studien, p. 55, No. 792 {Abhandlungen
K'dnig. Gesell. Wissen. zn Gottingen, Histor.-Pbilolog. Classe,
Bd. XXII. No. 4).
^ Assemani translates, "Accidit enim, ut Rostamus per eos
dies dum superbo sui fastus mulo vectus ab obscoeno secessu,
epulisque impudicitiam redolentibus exsaturatus," etc. {B. 0.,\\\. i,
p. 209, col. i)
CHAPTER VIII.
'^
I Kings xviii. 4; 2 Kings ix. 35, 36.
^ In the text p. 201, note 7, read "Vat. iX^a^o".
^ ;^o^>, which Payne Smith thinks may come from a sing.
^Ja or ^>\3 (T/iesaurus, coll. 434, 509). Compare the Persian
<ij.>lj, which, according to Richardson, is "a large deep jug, in
CHAPTER IX.
and I will shake all nations, and. I will fill this house
with glory, saith the Lord, the mighty One, and I
will shake the house of Magog". ^ And they went up,
being prepared, with great riches, and the Lord
destroyed them and the children of Judah inherited
all,
their riches and built the house of the Lord, and had
money to spare.
And [several] such-like things which were in no wise
of less magnitude than these did the Lord work in
this place for His chosen servant Mar Ish6'-)'ahbh. For
^
seti, Copt, ciih), about A. D. 292, and his parents were pagans;
he became a Christian at a little village called ^eiiecHT, (the
XnvopocTKiov of the Greeks) which was situated on the right
or east bank of the Nile in the nome of Diospolis Parva.
He lived during the time of the persecution of Diocletian, and
at its ending he was about twenty years old. When the Persi-
ans threatened to make war against the Greeks (iiipcouAioc),
he was drawn as a recruit from his native village, and being
fed by Christians when they stopped at the town of Esneh,
he was greatly impressed by their charity. Next day he sailed
as far as Antinoe, and was met there by the news that the
Greeks had conquered the Persians, and that the recruits were
to be sent back to their homes. On his way back he came
to the "desert village of Sheneset, which was burnt up by ex-
o'Hui n epnuoc xg ^euecHT eqpoK? ?iTeii
cessive heat"
HA^Ai u iiiKATUA, and there God appeared to him and told
him to take up his abode. Three years later he joined Abba
Palamon (nAAAutuii), and became his disciple. Soon after
this his sister Mary came to Tabenna (tabgiiiihci, see Quatre-
mere, Menwires GeograpJiiqties, tom. I. p. 281) to see him, but
he refused to see her, and learning that she was disposed to
lead a life of good works, he sent some of his brethren to
build a habitation for her at some distance from the monastery.
A number of pious women joined her, and she became the
founder of a rule of nuns. Some time later Pachomius went
;
' The '^a\., or ;^o^, ^^, (called by the Arabs to-day viXl^
398 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER X.
a^o Compare Arab, ^-v-i "to plaster a wall with mud or lime."
402 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
col. 639.
BOOK IV. CHAPTER XI. THE VISION OF JSHO-DADH, 4O3
not you [who] are speaking these things but that being
who hath never and who dehghteth not in
tasted peace ,
and fret not with care and anxiety, for our Lord will
build for Himself without taking anything either from
you or from your common funds.
CHAPTER XL
OF THE SATANIC VISION WHICH [aBBa] ISHo'-DADH, ONE
OF THE OLD MEN OF THIS CONGREGATION SAW, AND
OF THE MONEY WHICH HE FOUND.
^
l-ii a spiritual father, as opposed to ^2 a natural father.
- He was elected Patriarch, A. D. 825. See B. O., ii.
^ Exodus iii. 3.
- ilSofl /. c, sJsxJl jar. See Brit. Mus. MSS. Rich 7203,
fol. I5i<^, col I; and Orient. 2441, fol. 328*^, col. 2.
CHAPTER XIV.
^
lo^ here means the Abbot's cell and the cells of all the
other monks.
^ /. e., the first Sunday after Easter Sunday, following the
eP6o|ndg 5iaKaiV)icri|uo^, "the week of renewal," so called because
the resurrection of Christ renewed mankind each Easter Sunday.
;^a.« ^axaa^^KupittKri Kaivr) or KupiaKV) vea = Dominica in Albis.
CHAPTER XV.
zvanderingly.
BOOK IV. CHAPTER XVI. OF MAR CYRIACUS. 415
CHAPTER XVI.0
^ For the history of Gurya see Bk. iii. chap. 3, supra, p. 303.
^ See supra, p. 248 ff. j .0*50*0 = crr||ueTov.
BOOK IV. CHAPTER XVI. OF MAR CYRIACUS. 4 / 1
BC ^Sfti^S", may stand for ;\ra^Na« and = Pers. ^Lo SSSS "crane-
like" ; in this case it is the rendering of ^^aaoa ^oJo^.^. For ^X>'\'^
'
We should have expected cr^^oila :oo7 jc\ a» :;2s e-^oso.ai.* poo
also when God the Lord of all saw that [Mar Cyriacus]
with all his heart and with all his soul had committed
himself to keep His commandments, and to fulfil His
will, he honoured and glorified him by the miracles
which he wrought, and by the revelations which he
received, and by the other mighty things which took
place by his hands; now this [honour] was not given
to [any] other person in his time, and little by little,
by the might of his prayer, I shall demonstrate this
fact.
'
fis*^d307i>' "like a pledge." This word is not in any native
lexicon known to me.
1
Now since for the sake of the truth the holy Mar
Cyriacus chose labours such as these, and afflictions
^ Read fNoaoo*a.
42 2 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XVIII.
^ Acts X. 5.
- ;iL. literally means "misericordia/' but here it refers to the
holy water which the Nestorians were accustomed to give to
the sick to drink, or to "pulvis loci, ubi martyres coronati
fuerunt, quem aqua dilutum ad extremam unctionem
oleo et
adhibent." See the passages and authorities quoted in Payne
Smith, Thes., coll. 131 5, 1316.
424 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XIX.
him who hath done this act of grace for me, and who
hath delivered and given to me out of the teeth of
death the only branch which I possess, and the staff
of my old age, because of this thing;" and he took
his son and a number of his servants, and others joining
themselves to them they became a great company, and
he came to this monastery. Now when the brethren
took the old man to Rabban in the Abbot's cell, as
'
Strike out pi' m the text p. 224, 1. 22.
hhh
426 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^
;*oab, i. e., Kepa|ueu(;. Compare Hex. Jeremiah xviii. 2;
Harkl. Romans ix. 21.
^ Probably the spring referred to in Bk. IV. cliap. XI; see
Sdpra, p. 404. ~
s
^o^aaa a diminutive of j&oxKJyii^aa, with the Persian ter-
found that olive tree dried up from its roots, and black
as pitch."
And man whose name was Tumana
again, a very old
related to me monk employed
that there was a certain
in the monastery whose name was Khusrau, and that
'
jtoiM z. e., Bab = Pap + anosh (cf Anosh-ravan) "having
a blessed father."
'
After this word we should probably add l^pMi is "the son
of the sacristan;" compare 1. 16 (text).
3 The allusion is to Jeremiah xxx. 8. .^so^ ^ 07^*1 aJM
jsuexii 5^^iiiIlo. The wooden portion of the yoke is called %A^>i^
'
'little goat;" the two ropes iaa^ are tied to it, one at each end,
and fastened under the neck.
430 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE P.OOK OF GOVERNORS.
^ iSoK N*3, ?. c, the place where the office for the niglit
was sung by tlie l^i-.i. or Geuupoi. For the duties of these men
see B. 0., iii. Judging from the details given by
2, p. 82ofif.
Kpnniq
vao<; ^.=>?
;^:^»c
i'he altar stood in the ;aookVg>B (see supra, p. 342). or space above the
three steps, and a path led through the ;aio. or choir, to the ;»>3; the
.\a"a^, ?'.
e., cppuKT)!, Or altar-screcn with its veils, stood either
in the middle or at the door of the l^'ia, above the steps lead-
ing down into the nave of the church. For the \arious parts
432 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
enter into thee, and that thou wilt never be rid of him
until the grave." And Rabban lsh6*-yahbh swore to
me that straightway Satan smote him in the place of
the watchers, and tore oif his skin from him by jerking
Edhre dhe Balas' the dog died. Thus those men went
away having harmed [us] in nothing.
One year when the wheat [which was] the property
of the monastery was being brought from Beth Ziwa,
and by reason of the heat [of the day] the overseers
were urging the labourers to get up to work in the
morning while it was yet dark, they complained, saying,
"There is a lion in the reedy swamp, and we are ^
of a river, and dSMi1^\ see Hoffmann, Syr. Arab. Gloss., No. 357,
p 17; Duval, Lexicon, col. 78; Payne Smith, TJies., col. 79.
BOOK IV. CHAPTER XIX. OF MAR CYRIACUS. 435
col. 1069.
4 Read J-Li.
43^ THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
' St. Matthew xv. 22. ' St. Luke vii. 36—50.
^ For xia read xS^. ^ For ;307? a!s read ^or? oi^.
BOOK IV. CHAPTER XIX. OF MAR CYRIACUS. 437
and said, ']\Iy son, Avhy hast thou not sent wine?' And
I said to him, 'Master, I was afraid lest it would not
hold out even for the table of the Mysteries to-morrow.
Be sparing then, for we have [to celebrate] another
vigil for the dead,^ and behold, there is gathered to-
gether to us an assembly the like of which [for mag-
nitude] we have never seen in this monastery.' And
he answered and said to me, 'While I go and give
permission for the multitudes to begin [to sing] psalms,
[p. do thou make ready eight mules and skin
233]
bottles and bags, for I have heard that there is a
caravan of Hirthaye'* at the place of the crossing, at
other men coming with us; 235] alas for the evil-
[p.
kkk
442 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
holy man.
CHAPTER XX.
and B. 0., iii. ii. p. 669, col. 2 :SB^ ?->o?? «"3ub ^ .fbow ^bowo)
(jfivojsla la-iox ^j^-iS^^Q ^j.*aaMo js^sotfo ^^<x^o .^oujo.
4 Psalm cxxxii. i, in the Peshitta, cxxxi.
BOOK IV. CHAPTER XX. OF MAR CYRIACUS. 445
- Vat. reads "the brethren went into the refectory," and the
other MSS. "the brethren went in to table;" compare Land,
Anecdota, t. ii. p. 243, 1. 2, for a proof that the jb=a and ;bo^.fl
were united (.oct;^ 200: ^»2 ;?.>* ^^i ooi^o iaxo). For the service
of hymns to be chanted at meal-times, see Wright, Catalogue
Syr. MSS., p. 372, col. 2, No. 20.
•5
hi the Syriac version of Pseudo-Callisthenes Im Ar^==
fieaiiXiE; see Budge, History of Alexander the Great, p. 10,
^
";3<7S>: vigil, excuhitor, apud Syros Nestorianos vocatur, qui
nocturno praesertim officio decantando praeest" B. 0., iii. ii.
p. 820.
^ I'soiolu = jiLo soiolti = the art of singing correctly and in tune.
J asoa z. i\, melodies with a refrain to which different words
are sung each time it is repeated. See supra, Bk. iii. chap. i.
^
Compare ^oi. ,.^-i\>b B. 0., iii. ii. p- 939, 1. 18; ^.^nSvi
^ Read ,33.
^ See Book V. chap. 14 (text. p. 302, 1. 4).
- See supra, p. 220. ° See supra, p. 220.
'
See supra, p. 68.
'^
/. e.. Mill-house. Assemani has iJL.Q.:^ ^^^•
9 Bar-Arlaye is probably a nickname meaning ^'son of a
giant,"and is derived from ^JL»i|, Heb. "PS^IK (Isaiah xxix. i.);
see Payne Smith, Tlies., col. 379; Duval, Lexicon, col. 289;
Hoffmann, Syr. Arab. Gloss., No. i486, p. 52.
^;
of Mar Timothy^ —
together with Peter his disciple,
who was alive and held the oftice of Bishop of the
country of Yaman^ and of San a^ when I was secretary
to Mar Abraham; Isho'-zekha was elected Metropolitan
Bishop of Karkha-dhe-Beth-Slokh;'' Burd-Isho', and
Cyriacus, and Babhai, and this Isho' who came to
Marga, all these were elected Bishops of Beth Garmai
^^oM i. e., ^IS^ was situated near Gilan (see supra, p. 220)
in Armenia and Adhorbaigan. See MacGuckin de Slane,
Geographie dAboiilfeda, p. 400 ^^U^ >lb <*^.U-r> o'^V*^) ^
c_j>-iJ\ ^Msp^ cr*); Yakut, torn. iii. p. 420; and De Goeje, Bibl.
p. 163, col I.
3 /. e., China.
^ Abhd isho says of him ,Jiia ^nsNs? "a^j y^NJio ^2 e-A ^*:o
'
Compare "Shushan the palace", Nehemiah i. i ; Esther ii. 8.
For ;*bo2 read ;l=^6i; for ^02 or ^62 see Bk. ii. chap. 34 /
(text p. and see supra, p. 250.
115, 1. II), T
above where this river falls into the Tigris; see Hoffmann, Aus-
-'iige, p. 189. jy'S^ ^^^ is the Persian name of al-ljawazik /
CHAPTER XXI.
[p. 241] in his heart to send secretly and slay the holy
man. And when 'Amran had gone, and [the blessed
man] saw that the monks were terrified and afraid of
his threats, he said to them, "Fear not, O blessed
brethren, his words, nor any stumbling-block which
he can in our way, for this monastery shall
put
be for ever and ever preserved from this man and
from all his posterity; let no man be afraid that 'Am-
ran will send here to slay any one, for, on the con-
trary, he hath made up his mind to flatter you. And
behold he send for some of you, therefore
will shortly
nigh unto the litde hill which lay to the north of his
cell, they saw him walking up and down in the open
space before his cell, and they lay in wait until he:
slept to fall upon him. Now inasmuch as the holy man
turned his nights into days, and like the blessed Ar-
senius,^passed the whole night in watching, he went
up to the place where he used to say the after-supper
service in his cell,^ and he began to sing the psalms
from the besfinninof of the Psalter. And that Divine
'
/. c, "during the evening service which was sung late in
,» ^o7o.']Lk^ .\i.S.a a.ao .,^670^^3 jfox loaj '.Mibs ^^ .^^^"lo ?-3 ^.•^lax No3
l^^ ^^-i? .3.»j»*^ oiS jaSa>p .'007 aijl js^ubbl l^l ^a ^007 i^^oaj ;\-» I^ax
men had gone him that sent them, and had repeated
to
to him all [these he desisted from all the evil
|
things,
which he was ready to do to us, and at the end of
his life he commanded his sons, saying, "The monas-
tery of Beth 'Abhe can never be yours."' And when
'Amran died the earth would not receive him, but
three times was he buried, and three times was he
cast forth from it, according to the word spoken con-
cerning him beforehand by the blessed Cyriacus.
'
Literal!}' "there is nothing to you and the Monastery of
Beth '/^bhe."
- ^?o;, a rare word.
mmm
45 8 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XXIV.
p. 69, col. I.
^
;foW, Pers. 3y,. See Lagarde, Gesamineltc Adhandhiiigeii,
no. 139, p. 53.
^ ,*?'S3 i. e., "hunting panthers/' compare rrapbiov Aristotle,
Hist. Anini., ii. i. The native lexicons explain .*?aa by y^^\
panther, and by ^4j.i.Jl, panther.
3 /. e., into the TTpoaTLiJOV. -^
St. Luke ii. 29.
1
* Read ;Ixoj.a.
CHAPTER XXV.
OF THE WONDERFUL DEED WHICH THE BLESSED ]\lIr
CYRLVCUS WROUGHT IN THE CITY OF BALADII, AND OF
THE END OF HIS LIFE.
and bar, i. e., "primam sive anticavi aciem ducens." The form
,\boa,i occurs in Guidi, Nnovo testo, p. ii, 11. 19, 22. Here he
is called ;^aalio^ ;\,>la! and has with him a large force of
elephants. ^ /. e., Seleucia.
BOOK IV. CIIArTKR XXV. OF MAR CYRIACUS. 46^
early
in the morning, and I had come from my cell to this
)our church to go in and to enjoy myself with the
' /. c, Jacobites.
- /. c\, in the Bishop's cell adjoining the church.
^ This monastery was situated on the right bank of the
Tigris below Reled al-Shabushti, and is the ^^^.^Ja'^^^-ixJI it}
"which between Balad and Mosul." See YakCit, torn. ii. p. 6yT),
is
(/. €., TTu9iov), on the left bank of the river, about a. farsah
below Eski-MosLil See Hoffmann, Aiisciige, p. 211.
^ /. i\, of Beth 'Abhe.
/. e., Nekhwar.
^ /. c, a Jacobite.
•>
1 /. c, of Beth 'Abhe.
5 Sec B. O., iii. p. 137, note i.
i. This work is also referred
to by Isho'-yahbh in his letter to Sahdona; see supra, p. 136, 1. 12.
" Read, with BC, ;»5\io ^siota?.
466 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
-fr jIlAx ^J^v^^^^ 007 07^^030 ^{j^.^DOJ Ibjaifioo ^^a^ 007 <*»3tUo ? i .. \t aj.
#
-^1
BOOKV.
CHAPTER I.
the Jews and other nations, but they offered, and be-
hold they [still] offer, worship to trees, graven images
of wood,^ four-footed beasts, fishes, reptiles, birds of
prey, and [other] and such like things, and they
birds,
' The MSS. have x^o^ ia, but read ^'0? a^,
' The MSS. have ia'J^u?, but read }ey.'tso.
CHAPTER II.
one sister, who was younger than he, were left behind.
Now their parents had left them much riches, and this
he divided between the two of them, and to his sister
'
/. e. Hertha-dhe-Taiyaye, the ruins of which are less than
half an hour distant from Meshed 'Ah\ See Hoffmann, Aus-
ziige, p. 97.
- /. e., in IMosul.
—
iauj ^307^0 .^007 \30io ^cj^ias ^^2 .octj^^o .^.>33.v(ar\\2 ^io }oai ^3» ^o^^'a^^
ts*2 iau^ dsl ^^p .^2o ;^b:s «\6. ^007 plti ^ .^23 j>*30A30 ;^^l^3.3
^*X.2 }isoa^ ^Ao73 .}^o 0J.MO .^x^ ^iixAii. o ^uoos a.A.^ }ovi ^..^ •f^3°7
^3.5. j3.aioS ajS lOO] ^a.«X33 .^^X2 ^3J303 3^.^^^ ji07 .;(7;*3.^S ^^3N»3
J007 JoAsb .007 ^3o\,3 0907 ^«3ja^p i'^l ^^2 3,j.V ^^cuA .o7NoaLj.AA
M<373 o;].^ ^30 .07^ ^007 ^,i.2^ >33» jdax c7iso323 ^3.^.^ oi^^x 3.00 ..oo;^i3^afiA
(fol. ^2)1?.) ^^ia^s lisoa^ ^ ;*»\soo *o70^.»2 ^3.33^03 ^073 .;!iboi:i ;>xiaxN ;3o7
as follows: —
^oo; 3crj>o .^«JV^ sc^^his ^ ^007 jsl^ia .^1^2 ;J>^N3 3<'7r? lOa'i .Ais3>o ^007
•ojCSj-a Jia ^ai. ^ioj ows .<V^>xj. ^^^^o f'li^cx^^ .er7^v3oV^«k\o crjjj.a uS^ ctj^
^a^^p .oj^ aso2 ^iX^C\ ^^? 007 .^3U3« ^307 ^iios .o^ls ^oc/ a.iol ,j.cr*«** a.^
A^o .C77^ ^: ^soS^ oc:o .40;^^^ 07^ ^I 3^» 4'^*?*? i^^ o.Nbal. ^'^p
.olS aitf2o jvs, ^sV.X ^'>? 0.7 •^^2 ^tlJ.Nio X^ ^3 ^^07 ^'oti ^au3 ^4,2 ^xio
^073 j,fioo;^ -'«?>!>? .07^ a>ipl ^j3o\o •"j.i.^. Xdbs ^C77 ^ 007 Xj.2? <i2 Ipoba
jboSiX ^a~A 4x07 ^2 "iSl .Ml jaoiSio 5^ i.ij..a3jt ,*^crAo .£m2 ^orXio i.^i>32
.{Si2 Sil ^cr^2 JsoS ^4.3 ^j\j3 3X3 "iXiJio? ^^073 !^^taS ^a M2o. ^jSctj
..<v\\li^ ^'%Hn>*o^ o-A^voa frtsxp a>i3^ C7X>3 oJbL^ ^^03.^3 007 ja\^fi>« ^3 077
•axo o^^^>x2 f*3^\ ,*^07 cn33 .jta^ 007 3^^f3 tnxlio .J3a\.!^ oA wfl^Cj 0070
(fob 184^).
^ Born about A. D. 305, died about 400.
3 The account of these two brethren according to Palladius
is as follows: —
Jia .^*i-x2o jjxJ&*3 .oo-l'crsax3 ^-j^s }Zl fi'3^2 ^ ;,ix2o J&»0,a l^i,:^ }]!,1 Ai3
0^\^ ..0C7O32 Xio 3^ ^erj .aiC7 ^^aAta^a ^007 3\ Xisio? : ^iA, >s 3^ f:=i^
.^a>Lk3 ^ldS2 jaea^S «'»=>^ ^3c;3 .0?^^ 3^ 3,.„^a,^ «\tfo .oc7::si«3 cr>.oN3j.
.oc7XLk3 a :\JV ip>\2 .^}3o\. ^^07 0:1070 ...>o^^x2^ X'^^o ^'3.3^0 ^'xon^o )^^»o
^CU3 00-^2 .«*107 4x\i.3 O^ ^M^ ^^.^o\^^^> ^'3^^3 .^'33.^ 03^:0 O3x1n}0
..NO^O ^^^ j^l? ^ X*2 ii'i^}^ ^ ^2 ..032 073 &^(7-3 ^3^2 <X3oi.,'M3
^QUXXtf 43XOm ^073 3^0 .^'">"\,CaS ^3l>;3 «':xxl3 02 ..^^^A t'O^i.^ ^3^^ ^3 33::kO
.^LtU f»ji\yg)'aa3 ^*3^03.^0 .f33Ji3 ;.«30;^ ^ iSli -i?^^ r'^iOlO Ol.^ .0007
^07 .007^ 3^0 .juu ^3 ^1 ^2o .«3m .032 ^ ^ab:^ p^ ^l3 ;i^.k2
^»^ ^23 .^UC3o3 O-^!)a^0N3 Ocr^XiO 3mi '%>«\a .M^s:o .(\3,^33 ;\i0^3 ^^^^OV?
472 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
[p. 255] against him, like Judas among the twelve' [dis-
ciples], and like the seven tares who were among the three
hundred and eighteen Bishops,^ and besides these, like
the disciples who were from among the people who
were jealous of Paul, and of his teaching, and others
"*
}>.c>.iMOl ^\<.o .^x^SL^o ^3.:^oio^ 0^33.30 .^^>3.k^>^o ^:s3>>3 0^307^0 ^007 c;^^^
^1^2 ^3 007 .CS>^J.>b02 ^^0^30 jf^o!S^3 ^}tSiO .JUOj.3 JiO^S ^SO wmO^^S
}(SOi^^ i^OJO .^C770p^V ^^ \>Sja i^lO .^3^.3 0%^ is.3 )Sl .p^ 33a )S
o/No^ 0007 ^''Su^s jcT^sA >jv^o ^30 A^o .li2>a.ioo i^^ia^l Aa3 .0;^ ^.9^
uMjAttO .^oc77 ^N^ ^30>.d ;Z.>2s:s ^3X0 ^3i33.M. A^o ..007^ ,^^iico }oaj \3JLIiO
Read ^io^?.
' ' St. Matthew xxvi. 4S.
MSS. Rich 7203, fol. 156^?, col. 2, and Orient. 2441, explain
;ioii3 by 'dJa"^ 'a round, flat loaf' and by ^'^^- Concerning
this last word Dozy {Supplement, torn, i, p. 185) says, ''A Damas
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
received] two and made them into four, and botli heard
I
I
the words], "Well done, good and faitliful servants, ye
anoint him with holy oil, and to make him hold the
pastoral staff, and to send him as a shepherd and teacher
to the barbarian nations who had never received the
bridle of the teaching concernino- God, and into whose
countr)- none of the preachers and evangelists of the
kingdom of heaven had gone since the time of the
Aposdes until the present. And when he advised him
to undertake this thing, rel)ing upon the Lord and
upon the Divine help which would cleave to him and
which would convert those erring nations by his hand,
For the history of the man, his views, his blasphemies and his
sect, see Tillemont, Meinoires, t. ii. pp. 122 130. Ephraim, —
Zenobius and Paul, disciples of Saint Ephraem, Bod, the Perio-
dentes, Daniel of Ras 'Ain, and others wrote treatises against
the heresy of Marcion. See B. 0., iii. i. pp. 43, C3, 170, 219
and 223.
^ Mani or Manes, the founder of the sect of the Manichees,
berg, tom. vi. p. 231, 1. 7), and he was slain A. H. 223 (see
Tabari, cd. de Goeje, ser. iii. tom. ii. p. 1015, 1. 10). The
PPP
482 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER V.
^ At
Jerusalem, and he was buried in Kephar Gamla.
^ /. c, James the brother of John. Herod Agrippa slew
him one year after the Ascension of our Lord. He was buried
in Akar, a city of Marmarika. See Lipsius, ApostelgeschicJiten,
t. ii. 2, p. 26.
''
He was slain by a blow from a fuller's staff, and by ston-
Xl.i\ ;ac<A»; see Feige, Die GescliicJite des Mar' AbJidhho text, ,
'
;^2o=priXa, the vail or curtain with which the door or
doorway of the choir is covered. See B. 0., iii. i. p. 532,
chap. 13; p. 533, chap. 16; p. 52S, chap. 15; Kayser, Die
CcDiones, p. 6, 1. 13.
- ^oi «a:=peX60upa, (Du Cange, Glossariinn, col. 186) and
KaTaTTtTdcTiuaTa (Du Cange, Glossarhini, col. 611).
3 jA^aoM. The sing, ji^aaio occurs in Littiigia Sanctoyum
Apostolorum Adaei et Maris, Urmia, 1890, 4to. p. 27, 1.
7
(.cTjoisp ^ ;aox5 ;z3;6o ^iiisabo u-S «i^o). See Duval's review of
;aioi.3o ;a330J33 ;i?cu33 ^co^, iu Revuc Cvitique ,
June 20, 1892^
p. 483. The piaobo seems also to be called and ;^V^2
;flatoj:
CHAPTER VI.
^ Read u,«J7oiis*a^.
"^
All the MSS. have ifioi, but read ;io2.
BOOK V. CII.U'TER VI. VABIILAIIA AND KARDAGII. 487
I
keeping] pure the dwelling-place^ of Godhead, even
according to the words of the blessed Mark the monk
who in these three virtues included the whole ascetic
lif(!, namely, "Let a man cleanse his thoughts, let him
[)rdy without ceasing, and let him endure those things
which shall come [upon him];" with these three virtues
were these brethren adorned. Now the old man
Kardagh was younger than his brother, and he was
a beautiful writer; and Yabhlaha was a book-binder,
like the blessed Mar Aha and his brother.^ And they
were praised by the tongues of all men, [p. 265] ac-
cording to what the holy Mar Abraham told me,
saying, "In the beginning when I came [here] to be a
solitary, I worked in the monastery for the whole of
the specified space of three years, ^ and I did not know
' /. e., Gilan and Dailom, and the remote count lics be-
yond them.
-
Lying between Akra and Gunduk; see Hoffmann, Auscii^r,
CHAPTER VII.
We
must learn and recount that many shepherds
have been chosen for all parts of the world from this
lioly monastery, who, through their splendid triumphs,
have appeared in their generations like unto lamps set
upon the candlestick the of Church, [and we must also
'
Read, with Vat., ^o»?.
^
evil and sow the good, and drive out the darkness of
error and make to shine upon them the glorious light
of their doctrine, and cast forth the devils [who were]
teachers of all uncleanness. And that this was so we
may learn from the blessed Mar Shubhlial-Isho", and
from these blessed men^ who succeeded him, and who
because of their labour in other matters of the ascetic
life, did not wish to depart. And [Mar Timothy] wrote
here^ that the blessed Yahbhlaha^ and KardaHi should
go down to him, saying that it was meet for them to
preserve and rear the [fruits of the] teaching of Mar
Shubhhal-isho', like a goodly inheritance handed on from
one brother to another, according to what is said, "If
the brother of a man and leave a widow without
die
children, let his brother take his wife and raise up
seed to him;"" in this latter case according to the body,
qqq
490 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
'
The next fourteen lines are quoted in B. 0., iii. i. p. 163,
col. I.
ii
1
' For the service for the consecration of Bishops and Metro-
politans see B. 0., ill. ii. p. C83ff.
^ For ;3^di^ read ;3Jco,i>^.
492 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
No. 3203, p. 114; Duval, Lexicon, col. 587; Payne Smith, TJies.,
col. 938; Ahrens, Das Buck dcr Naturgegcnstandc, p. 41, 1. 9;
lift up praise to tlie Father, and the Son, and the Holy
Spirit, for ever, Amen.
CHAPTER VIII.
•5
compare Arab. ^^i.
^apai,
* See Loew, Anvu. PJianseiuia))ien, No. 121, p. 166.
5
;iv93) but read \\,6'i Strictly speaking jVo"=> s^re the long,
•"
The MSS. have i-fl'Si, but read ^"i'a; see Hoffmann, Syr.
Arab. Gloss., No. 4880, p. 190.
BOOK V, CHAPTER VIII. OF ELIJAH BISHOP OF iMOKAN. 497
^
i'bs^ See Loew, Aram. PJlanzennainen, No. 270, p. 325;
and Hoffmann in Z.D. M. G., Bd. xxxii. p. 752; Payne Smith,
T/ics., col. 3450. ^ Read ^2.
J On the dress of monks see B. 0., iii. ii. p. 898; compare
also Landj Atiecdota, torn. ii. p. 156, 1. 22; and Usener, Der
Hcilige Theodosios, p. 171.
^ Compare "Dixit abbas Evagrius, fuisse quemdam fratrem,
qui nihil habuit in substantia sua, nisi tantum Evangelium, et
CHAPTER IX.
^
Read ;^^L ^ Read ^Sjomo.
BOOK V. CHAPTER IX. OF ELIJAH, BISHOP OE MOKAN. 503
' The allusion is to St. Matthew xxviii. 10, 16; St. Mark
xvi. 7.
- /. e\, he asked the angels to tell him of his shortcomings.
J /. e., if there were any inequalities to be observed from
the places where they stood.
^ We must read iocna?.
5 We should perhaps read ^o;i.a,^p.
504 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER X.
^ Psalm ex. 2.
3 !>^ii.-^ patiently, but C and Vat. have N*;iik^a>;jo incitanter.
rugged rock, and the hoof of his foot was wrenched off
and put out of its place. And when the holy Mar
Elijah came up to the man and asked him the reason
of his staying behind his companions, behold he wept,
and cried and rent his garments, and shewed the
spiritual physician the hoof of his animal which had
fallen off Now because that holy old man in the time
of his old age made use of olive oil with his dry crust
by reason of the cold and feebleness which had fallen
upon his stomach through [eating] dry bread and salt,
he had with him in his cloak a phial of oil. And he
answered and said to the owner of the mule, "Weep
not, my son, neither be mournful, for God will heal
thy mule easily." And he said to him, "Bring me the
hoof," and he took it, and poured upon it [some of]
the oil for his food, and salt of wild thyme' which he
ate, and he laid it upon the leg of the mule, and made
the sign of the Cross over it, and said to the man,
"Lead on quickly in the name of the Lord, that he
may not remain behind his companions;" thus he
bestowed healing on the animal and joy upon his
master. And this was known to all that company of
people which was journeying with him into that country,
and they praised [p. 281] and confessed the mighty
power of Christ by Whose disciples sicknesses were
healed without medicines and without drugs,
'
See supra, p. 497, note i.
508 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XL
saying, [p. 282] "O men, who have erred from the true
knowledee of God, God the Lord of all hath sent me
to you to turn you from the error in which ye live.
Ye have served enough those thinijs which from their
nature are not gods, for without knowledge, and by
the agency of daring devils, have ye offered the
worship which was due to your Lord to the trees
which the earth maketh to grow up for your honour."
And having gone round and about the whole day in
this preaching of Life, every evening he used to go
forth outside the city, and fix the cross [upon his staff],
and sing the service for the night and pray until dawn;
and when it was morning, and they opened the gates,
and [the people] came forth, and saw that he sat
openl)- before the cross they marvelled and were
astonished. Now in those days when he came to them,
according to the Divine command and the curse of
Jeremiah,' the evening wolves gained the mastery over
them, and all persons who were left outside the [city]
'
Jeremiah v. 6.
5IO THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
him. [p. 283] Then the good and merciful God Who
i
BOOK V, CHAPTER XI. OF ELIJAH, BISHOP OF MOKAN. 513
life, and the sun of the mind of God shone upon them,
'
;f"ikV?^ ^ ^^^^ word.
- The MSS. have ^aio, but this must be a mistake for
;xo3.« ?^o2o "and a heap of winnowed wheat and corn stored
up in subterranean pits." Compare X)«J1 j^^> described by
Wetzstein in Delitzsch, Coininentary on the Book of Job, Edin-
burgh 1876, vol. ii. p. 152. For the word f?.So2 or i^a\ (which
Noldeke derives from a root l'?N Eth. ^A^: [Dillmann, Lex.
Aethiop., col. 720] to collect, gather together,) see Payne Smith,
Thes., col. 65 ; Duval, Lexicon, col. 62 ; and for iko^ see Payne
Smith, Thes., col. 1200, at the top.
ttt
514 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
"
;isoifj35-ia^a^ from the infinitive TTappr|(Jidcr9ai; see Payne
Smith, TJies., col. 3242.
^ The Psalter is divided into fifteen ^'iij, and each i*to'^
into four ^aox,and each l,^ax into three or four psalms. See
Lagarde, Praetermissoriun p. 100. 38; Dietricli, Comment, de
,
k
5l6 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
saw his troubles and afflictions, and the length of his years,
and the greatness of his age, in order that he might
not die in exile, far away from the house of his fathers,
like the blessed Moses whom He buried on Mount
Nebo^ [p. 290] that he might not be disturbed by the war
of the Canaanites, and the slaughter of insolent kings,
He willed that this blessed man also should rest from^
a life full of anxiety and care; and he fell sick of a
slight ailment, and so departed from [this] temporary
life to the enjoyment of everlasting life. And our
holy father Mar Abraham the Catholicus told me, saying.
"While many of us were gathered together about him
at the hour of his departure, he sat and spake with
^
Deuteronomy xxxii. 48 — 50.
BOOK V. CHAPTER XI. OF EIJJAII, BISHOP OF MOKAN. 519
hearts, and true faith, give thanks unto Christ our Saviour.
Glory be to the Father, etc. O Thou true Door, open to the
lost, and call us to enter Thy treasury on high." See Badger,
Ncstorians and their Rituals, vol. ii. p. 196; Denzinger, Ritiis
Orientaliiun, Ritus Matrimonii apud Nestorianos, p. 419^".
'
The allusion is to the words, "In the Jerusalem above,
before the seat of Christ, there may the names of Thy servants
be written." See Badger, Ncstorians, vol. ii. p. 211.
520 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
his sons and brethren, and he was laid with the rest
of the Bishops and Metropohtans who were before him
in the martyrium of this monastery; and is made ready
for him with those who are of Hke rank and orarb the
enjoyment of heaven, namely the just and righteous in
whose footsteps he walked, and in whose manner of
life he triumphed. Glory be to Christ our Lord Who
made him victorious, and may mercy be shewn upon
us sinners by his prayers in this world, and may we
participate in his enjoyment in that which is to come,
Amen."
* Read ^:.
2 /.Shenna dhe Beth Ramman, the Sinn Barimma of
e.,
CHAPTER XIII.
^
The Kartaw Kurds, AS^lJ'.iLJl lived in the region to the
west of the Lower Zab abov^e Arbela; see Hoffmann, Aussiige,
p. 207; and Baethgen, Fragmente, p. 66.
;
Adliorbdigan to resist his might (see Ibn al-Athir, tom. vi. p. ill;
Tabari tom. iii. p. 648). Zuraik conquered Urmiya, and to-
gether with his brother, built castles there (Beladhori, p. 331
Ibn al-Fakih al-Hamadhani [ed. de Goeje 1885] p. 284, 1. 19).
Zuraik was appointed governor of Armenia and Adhorbaigan
by al-Mamun, A. H. 209, to fight against Babek al-Hurrami
,^y^\ ^L>, by whom, however, he was vanquished (Tabari, ^
tom. iii. p. 1072 ; Ibn al-Athir, tom. vi. p. 338). Previous to
A. H. 211, Zuraik made war against al-Sayyed bin Anas,
^y>^\ ^ ^Xfr*^^' '^^"I'^o l"*^*^ been Emir of Mosul and Marga since
A. H. 202, and attacked him in that year with 40,000 men and
nors of Mosul and of all the north, and who during the
made great gifts to the Church, and
time of his rule
and to her directors. And when Rabban
to her children,
Mar Narses had become a young man, having by the
care and pains taken about him by his parents been
trained in theHoly Scriptures [p. 295] in the church of their
native village, at which time each man turneth to the
riofht hand or to the left accordino- to the nature which
^
St. Matthew xix. 12.
^ /. c, Jesus, the Son of Sirach; compare A^ ijaiio? ^=^\
j^ 1%L euio v,\<Kv^ ai:o : crj&fv^s ^v>oxi^ Cap, Xxiii. 15-
See the extract from Bar-Bahlul on St. Matthew xix. 12,
^
etc., see Hoefer, Histoire de la CJiimic dcpuis Ics temps les plus
rcculi's jusqiCa notre epoqne, Paris, 1842, torn. i. pp. 65, lo8ff.
^Deuteronomy vi. 4.
^Hoffmann would read here ;^oJi*^^sp J^is-*© <^nx\3 iisa 3.^0.
J
;iii^bi = dpxiaTpog. See Payne Smith, Thcs., col. -^ZQ.
''
Born at Cos about B. C. 460.
5 ;no^3 does not give very good sense, but we might read
"If thou hast tears in thy prayer be not lifted up, for
Christ hath drawn near to thine eyes, and thou hast
'
Interrogavit frater quidam senem, dicens: Ouomodo desi-
~
For ;cso,3.oio?; compare text p. 308, 1. 5.
BOOK V. CHAPTER Xlir. OF NARSES, IJISIIOP OF SIIENNA. 535
labour for it, even as saith a certain holy man, [p. 301] "If
thou shouldst put all the labours of virtue on one side,
and the observance^ of them on the other, the ob-
servance of them would outweigh them;^ for the glory
of the actions of a man's life and the purity of his heart
are like unto the entrance into the love of his Lord,
and Christ will thus sanctify him to be a pure temple
unto Him." For in this manner doth act that gracious
Lord Who doth not withhold the hire of those who
labour in the garden of His Gospel. And when He
hndeth a pure spot He sanctifieth it for the dwelling
of His Will, and crowneth it with the glorious honour
of the revelations of His wonders, and when it is
manifest to His inscrutable wisdom thatthe hidden
pupils of the eyes of a man, which are within, cannot
be injured by the glorious brightness of the beauties
'
Read Aii. 2
j^g^j isbo^^e.
'
Put a point after i^i^.
536 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XIV.
SHENNA.
^ Read ^^?.
^ On the ordination of bishops see B. 0., iii. 11. p. 684fif.
I
even] of Hdldi (Hcldai), of Tubhya (Tobijah), and of
Idha'ya (Jedaiah), and go into the house of Josiah the
son of Zephaniah, who hath come from Babylon; take
his silver and his gold, and make a crown and put
[it] on the head of Isho" bar-Yozadhak the high priest." ,
yyy
—
reads:
BOOK V. CHAPTER XIV. OF NARSES, BISHOP OF SIIEXXA. 539
manifest.^
CHAPTER XV.
p. 19.
3 See Wright, Catalogue of Syria c MSS in the British
Museum, p. 131, col. 2, No. 4.
BOOK V. CHAPTER XV. OF NARSES, BISHOP OF SHENNA. 543
the New
Covenant and the throne" of Christ at the
time of His dispensation here, and the connexion^ which
both Covenants possess, each with the other the body ;
'
Compare the mystic comparison of parts of the temple
quoted in full in B. 0., iii. i. p. 534, col 2. ^Ata? aA_ '^t^i
^*Ck:^ Z>^>Jiv ; ,*3aaa:!o ^Xoasi^s .0107 ;ijc>> so^.ts? a.*\ i»a*2 .^a^^ .^i,!^?
^aotio ;iif^!oo. See B. 0., iii. i. p. 355, col. 2, cap. VIII. For
a long discussion on the nine orders of angels by Solomon of
al-Ba.sra seeBudge, Book of /he Bee, pp. 9— 11. "The Cheru-
bim are an intellectual motion which bears the throne of the
Holy Trinity, and at their head stands Gabriel; the Seraphim
BOOK V. CHAPTER XV. OF NARSES, BISHOP OF SHENNA. 545
are a fiery motion; and the Thrones are a fixed motion. The
Lords are a motion which is entrusted with the government of
the motions beneath it; the Powers are the minister of the will
of God; and Rulers are a motion which hath power over spiri-
3 Read ^^.
fNo*iioc^.
'^
An example of this word seems to be wanting
in Payne Smith, Thes.
5 ;f;ixaflo\. See Payne Smith, TJies., col. 1448.
^ li^k" 2. ^-j "exact image". See Payne Smith, TJies.
col. 31 13.
1500K V. CHAPTER XV. OF NARSES, BISHOP OF SHENNA. 547
CHAPTER XVI.
the church"; and the people did so, and the bier was
set down in the place where the services were held.^
'
Acts iii. I — 10.
^ 2>xiMEi> N-3, literally, "the place of the liturgy." It seems
to have been that part of the church which was just in front
and I drew him up, and lifted him out, and I brought
him to the city to Mar Narses. And he remained
with him until he was healed of the bruises and wounds
in his limbs, and with a blessing he bestowed upon
him a prayer for the way, and sent him away from
his house."
"And again, one day at dawn he called me, and
said to me, 'Go to-day to the banks of the Tigris and
command the sailors that not one of them unmoor his
^
The overflow of the Tigris and Zab rivers is caused by
the melting of the mountains where they rise. The
snow in the
first spring flood takes place about the middle of February and
in a few days the river rises several feet and floods all the low-
mal height of the river. The little river Hoser (in Assyrian
554 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
necessary to cut the bridges of boats until the wind and stream
subside.
IJOOK V. CHAPTER XVI. OF NARSES, BISHOP OF SIIENNA. 555
"^
I. e., dSl\ '^ j_^ ^^ O^r*^^ cr? k.^^,.- ^^r the name
j_yLso. see Ibn al-Athir, torn. xiv. p. 66^
see Ibn al-Athir, vol. xiii. p. 197.
; and for 0^"^^ (<^^)
^
- Hoffmann suggests that we read ;Noa«? ^ i^^?-
^ Hoffmann would point ^ii^^j MapaYva?
The ^ai, Arab, ^^''f,
Gr. TrapaddYYns = about three
English miles.
5 The next three clauses are quoted in B. O., iii. i. p. 225,
col. 2.
556 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
—
him now it was a dark night without a moon she —
pricked up her ears, and threw up her neck, and I
knew that something had appeared to her; and I laid
the pointed end of the spear on [her head] between
jca^ ass.
i;OOK V. CHAPTER XVI. OF NARSES, BISHOP OF SHENNA. 559
peace with all the just and upright men, and his holy
body was laid in the holy church of that city, where
the holy fathers [who were] Bishops before -him lie;
and his holy body in that holy church in which he
performed the duties of priest, became a haven of help
and a fountain of healing for all those who were at-
tacked by any kind of pain and temptation, whether
of bodily sickness, or affliction by cruel devils. May
our Lord also shew compassion upon us by his prayers,
that the remainder of our days may be made perfect
according to His good will and pleasure, and may we
,30>s ix^ai .jcj^p ^ ^bfi^j.^3 4X03S •I'OAiO ct;^ }oa] &v*2p f]>a^2p .ja^iOjI
J007 }is}s ^3 .^>oo2 .loaj daS ftT*n .ocT^^p ^ ^>a.<i^3 ^ou .<\'.'l-iP)J3o
]^o . 07^0^3^ }%^ ju: ^3 <;oc7 ,3>J ^o.V^2 bstaa .^a^^oA fs^ ^^?>^
louj jSjO ^\^-^ ^2 ^^^SOmO .^^j\»3 Ki.2 cr.3o^3^ ^3 }oa] ^aioisj.1 ,^ixM23
}xo^ }ocn sJi (>3 crj>£)3 .)\id^ ^ J007 oc^au ^3 crs^ .aoJiS* ^l vf^
.c7;^^ai:l3 ^3 }oaj ^32 .}*j^a ^ loo) 'z^if^ .^0701*^3 j^i^ivs l-^^isa .cr^&'sj:^
his habitation with the door open upon the old man
for coolness. And he asked him, saying, [p. 321] "Father,
whither didst thou flee from before the Kartewaye who
came against us this day, and who have carried off all
^
The MSS. have %'^'i but read i^.
ROOKV. CPIAPTER XVrr. OF NARSES, BISHOP OF SHENNA. 565
astery, and was sent by those who were over the af-
^ Read ;^3>:>..
-5Hf<--
[P. 325] BOOK VI.
[CHAPTER I.]
^
The MSS. have ^I'ior? but read ^i>i<7?o.
570 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^ Read o/Maao.
1
^
I John iv. 20, 21.
^
The MSS. have ^io;^io, but read 4iic)i^s^.
^o;o .fSaJp ^30 ^I'ioss ^^^2o .^>»jc3 h^^^ ^2 o;^oc^ ^O ^007 ^07o£Sa2
cAa ^^oofiop ^^oiocj '^ .o»li ^^^.**^^^2 )>'^03? ^^aa J^o .o7^^*^ ^oo7
^070^^.2 ^p ^ss^io .Xbo ^'x^ jafio ;^ .^xon^p juxu A -aaji o;\,o733 p.3*
A? baiioo .^007 ;axi>3iv» .3,A6vi,3 ;Z>a\.3 ^3,312x3 a.:* -^^^^P t^e^^a ^io ^oo;
ojfoij ^007 3Jaio .;s30jtl3 ^^.*y3.\ ^007 y*o7oXi.2 3.r» .^007 ^dji w^CJ^O ^^
^007 >J^ abiSCUO :t3.^3 Cau20 .^(77fr>iO ^30m30 ^^jilX tSl^a p«3 3A ^'x:xUC3
.OOjLmS ^9 07^3 jfrsOi.3.*33 Ia.303.^ ^^'^o?? ^«S0103 f^.k2 .^UU03 ^^.>.^03.S ^'iS^O
3.^ ^»33 ^j.:v*2 .^007 atsl. S^i^aj .f3»33 ^sN ^ a.3^ ^-x"^^ ^<^? jjJtoi.'%n
^ atOfrCl23 .U2 ^2 ;!^io fOC77 4^0 .;^3X ^ saS cA iSfrA lMM J3.j,3 ^ip f3.M^
iSi.23 ^303>M.o .^'iixx!>bo ^!o 3,>« ^2 ^icA 07^.^x2 .Jil2 ^ 3m. Jl^A s.ao .AoxmU
>33.tt A.^ .2 .f3dV, ^^! f^ ^ -ct;^ 31^2 X>.^itsc>o.>.M o7No^ aha 3.^0 .»x>^^
Ao^ ^OU .R^ iil ,30^ ^\^3 ^.k2^ }i0Sil .M2 . t1»iiS ^N^23 ,2^mXm
^
.0*^ tStxtrt i}-3o^ 0070 .^tti' ^3oM3 ^^3033 ^iso^^ox:3 ^aCs2o .aSjS
^
^i^o73.ttO .is3ao23 007 ^fi\A33 ii^xu m^xjs pM w» .07^ 3tt2o ^xxi^M ^
6sam.{S JO0723 ^2 }^iO ^ .^3fi»M. fruk^Si^MXtt ^« ^^.^133 : ^C732 Nd.33 }}tXp
j2»^.ttL3 O70^^2 Jm2 ^3 007 .;\^ ^M3Xio ^tt fro.0C770 .NJ.A.N2 Nj.do7 ^Jds jaNo^
^j.^c70 ..032 J107 ^ >3ia -o;^ 3.^2 a.:> 07^(^0 jaawS Jci^i As. .07^ Nj.3.^0 ^so;
077 .CS3.io23 ^^070 jb^o^o 4C>3.\o }^isl : }tn^l ^ }iAio ^>^.tt2^ Xw.i'3m2 ^3X3
BOOK VI. CHAPTER I. OF CYPRIAN. 573
til i^ .2 iil ^bui J^p .aislo .cr^cj :a>aM a^ ioaj i>\.o .i-ooj ^i S^l's^^s^. ^s
.^^v» >*iio 4il j»mP ^2 ^^f!^^^w> 20>v ;^2 .^2 ^6.33 ^s^o23 p^ 007 .^M^xlp
fi.MO >^3 ,Z>X.«33 ^.OLB )!^aX>*bO »!0 .^NO^ fl2 ^'\^!i0»O ^oAo iil ^J^l 3A
^Vg.*p? lioo-J f»LM':i^ iosl ^oSap ^aaO A^ !il aa.oaop ^^Acy .^s^mS
(fol. 1 3 1 <^.) The abbot Bessarion lived in the fourth century
of our era. He is said to have been able to cross rivers by
walking upon the water; to have caused the sun to refrain
from setting until he had arrived at the cell of a certain sage;
to have healed the sick devils; and to
and to have cast out
have been acquainted with the decrees of God before they were
worked out. For his life and sayings, see Rosweyde, Vt'tae
Patriim, pp. 518, 532, 584, 594, 6o9ff; Tillemont, Manoircs,
torn. viii. p. 348.
^
See Palladius, Hist. Laus., chap. xix. (Rosweyde, Vitae
PatniDi, p. 7i9ff.).
- x.;iijoop, a rare word.
574 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^
All the MSS. have ;au^^6, but we should probably read
the Urmi edition of the Old Test. 1852 we have ^ncu* (Daniel i.
13, p. 978)-
3 The passage beginning on p. 328, 1. 8, and ending on
P- 330, 1- 7, is quoted in B. 0., iii. i. p. 495, col. 2, p. 496,
col. 2.
^ See Hoffmann, Aiissiigc, p. 201.
5 ;>dui.: ;Na.iio = TO am'-iXaiov to brnXoOv by which the LXX
rendered the Heb. n^SDSn niJ^OTlS, See Genesis xxiii. 17.
^
'^
I. c, the Zab. See Hoffmann, Auszugc, p. 2or, note 1594.
^ See Hoffmann, Auszugc, p. 223.
3 ;a;^'i X,: seems to be the incorrect Nestorian pronunciation
of ;<?^i i>»i; compare B. O., i. p. 394, note 2, and ;c^>^j,
'AeiOaXd^ Payne Smith, TJics., col. 174. fc^^i Ssw^i means "God
existeth."
Assemani has «a;^>w. This village is situated on a tribu-
''
]
^ ^ii^toi = ;.j«it) ^^^-^ "hard iron," i. e., "steel." See Duval,
\ Lexicon, p. 222; Hoffmann, Syr. Arab. Glossen, No. 992, p. 38;
576 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
and Payne Smith, T/ies., col. 300. The form 4i.%o, i. e., OTOiLiujjua
vol. I, p. lOI.
**
A place named after a man -s^- According to the Syriac
version of Pseudo-Callisthenes, (ed. Budge, p. 95, I. 14) «-\oc>
= ioV"5, but ^\,d) may be an abbreviation of some name like
ways write IFrt/zV for Valensj see Payne Smith, Thes., col. 1064.
- See Gibbon, Decline and Fall, chap. XXV; and Tillemont,
Me moires, torn. VI.
3 Assemani has c^^o*^.
' Hoffmann would read .oJaiiM.
BOOK VI. CHAPTER I. OF CYPRIAN. 579
' )f the holy Mar Cyprian the ascetic, which w^as situated
in the vicinity of [the caves of] these holy men, and
I enquired also concerning the holy men who were
tiierein,and if they had any histories of them in their
'
All the MSS. have ;i»i., but it is evident that some such
word as fssox is required.
580 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^
In B. 0., iii. i. pp. 142, 497, Asseniani writes Ia^q^^o ft^,
but another spelling occurs in Isho-yahbh's letter to Mar'Animeh
(No. 26) where, at the beginning he writes to him: — pa3i3->;3
^3 ^.^35^ /J»=L»Na ^No^ ^i^M W»o>3 c;^.^ \3lx? c;x3 ^o;o>«.J? licrj
'
Read ;U.
2 St. ]\Iatthc\v iii. 13 — 17; St. Mark i. 5 — 1 1. Two places
for fording the Jordan are mentioned in the Old Testament
one was over against Jericho '(Joshua ii. 7; Judges iii. 28), and
the other was at Bethabara (St. John i. 28), which is probably
to be identified with the modern Makta' or "place of passage."
It is nowhere stated expressly where Christ was baptized, but
'
At the N. E. angle of the rock which bears the chapel,
which is built on a small plateau at the top of Gebel Musa
(/'.e., the "Mountain of Moses"), to the left is a hollow, where
Moses is said to have stood when the glory of the Lord passed
by, and the monks show the impression of the prophet's head
and shoulders on the stone. The tradition is to the effect that
Moses remained fasting for forty days in a hollow resem.bling
a cistern near the mosque, while writing the Ten Commandments.
See Lepsius in Baedeker's Egypt, p. 501.
'
/. e., the Ten Commahdments. •»\:-^3 = D^?"! (Exodus xx.
I). Compare 'Et ascendimus in montem continuo milia tres,
et venientes ad speluncam, ubi absconditus fuit Elias, quando
fugit ante lezebel". AiitoniniLs, p. 27.
J I Kings xix. 9.
•^
/. c, the Desert of Scete. Sec supra, p. 3c, note 3.
ecee
—
^
See supra, p. 30. According to Antoninus Anthony was
buried at Alexandria (p. 32).
^ See Book IV. chap. 9, supra, p. 396.
3 See sttpra, p. 51, note i.
"<
See supra, p. 29, note 3.
5 See supra, p. 51, note 4.
^ Serapion the Sindonite is described by Palladius as follows:
X>3>»? ^M^io .^oajjCba «a^N23 .dj^f^o \oS\ o^^xp a.M. li^a\ \q^ ^2 ^^r^ aais
s^kN^o .^oc^ wSi^iooa sonXs f^o^ .2 }!S2 .^^cmS joS o2 a,Cx:k>s2 ;^ ^=»m2
a.^Moo p»^k.3^ \cv\ ^iafroo "i^l .OCT/ ^iiA^ ^p jna-ioo ^.ae^ivio )S'^
^V°
.;cr7^2 Cso^ ^^<^0 ^i^^o ^007 a^^^^o t^a-iioo .o^Lt^^ 01x^1 ^007 ^ftfo WtSsx^
''
Read ;;ri^.
BOOK VI. CHAPTER III. OF CYPRIAN. 587
CHAPTER III.
p. 670.
BOOK VI. CHAPTER III. OF CYPRIAN. 589
"
Ephesians vi. 12.
590 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
those who came to him, but even those who were afar
off, and who could not see him, when they called upon
sea, [called upon] the name of the holy man, and the
waves became by
and the billows of
quiet his prayer,
the sea subsided. Now when
he had lived full forty
years in that desert, and had gathered to himself
|
CHAPTER IV.
had been laid waste, and so. Divine Grace leading him,
he came and dwelt in the wood which is below the
monastery [which he afterwards built]. Now aforetime
the place was such that fierce wild animals dwelt therein,
and even with the blessed man Cyprian, according to
w hat is written concerning him, during the whole of the
time in which he lived in the wood without any man
!)eing aware of his presence, there lived two lions,
which not only did not do him harm, but stood tran-
quilly before him like innocent lambs. ^ His food was
*
Read xoi^jc xa.
^ The Abbot Sergius dismissed a lion with his blessing and
the lion departed; a lion pointed out the way to an anchorite
who had way near the town of Sochus; and Macarius
lost his
had two which brought back food to him each night and
lions
which he named "Filioli mci, boni fratres." See Rosweyde,
592 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
fear and terror of lions, and saw" that there was no lion
there, they went into the wood [thinking] that perchance
they might find some animal therein; and when they
had gone saw a little shelter built above a
in they
ravine, like thatwhich wild animals make in the ground,
and when they had looked hither and thither they saw
the man of God sitting half hidden in his cave. [p. 339] And
they pointed their spears at him boldly and threatened
[to slay] was a
him, for they did not know that he
|
'
i^\ See supra, Bk. iii. chap. 7, supra, p. 322, note 6.
^ /. e., the Hazer; see Book vi. chap, 6, Syriac text, p. 344,
1. II.
'
i'as., a rare example of the use of the fem. of ikL.
^ I. e., Moses. See Psalm cvi. 23.
3 Compare Acts xvi. 23; Acts xix. 11 ; Acts xxi. -"^^i;
Mus. Orient. 7203, fol. 181^, col. i, and Orient, fol. 372<^,
col. I.
ffff
594 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
them, saying that "at the eventide of this day the coming
of thy holiness would take place." And when the holy
lather had heard these things, he went down to the
liol)' man
in the morning of the morrow with a great
he hastened towards him [p. 341] and fell upon his face
before the feet of the Metropolitan. And the holy
Bishop marvelled greatly at the unexampled sight
which he saw in the blessed man, for by reason of the
long endured burden of his labours he appeared to be
like unto a spectre.^ Then the holy old man wept,
and said to the Bishop, "Why did I not come to thee,
like a servant to the feet of his lord, instead of thy
coming to me, O holy father, [seeing that] I am a sinner
I
who is bound] to bow down to thy greatness ?" (Hail
to the humility which is so superior! Hail to mind
[which] beareth wisdom!)'^ "For [I] know that honour
is due to the priesthood, and for this reason I have
come with tears to meet him to whom the ministry of the
priesthood hath been entrusted, and not like a man who
hath been reared in a desert country, and who is not
hand and led him round this place where a temple and
monastery should be, and in the words of the Lord
he said to him, "This is thy portion,^ build, finish,
: g?A^ \ii hti%is ^3 ^ajo 0073 ;ia^. ^^nnvip h^^b Land, Anecdota,
vol. ii. p. 121, 11. 21 — 23. ;^o^fo = ^i^ Brit. Mus. Or. 7203,
fol. 148^, col. I. See also Payne Smith, Tlies., col. 3737.
59S THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
'^
^xaiXbp Payne Smith has {Thes., col. 1964) ^x&is^.
BOOK VI. CIIAl'TER VI. OF CVl'RIAN. 599
CHAPTER VI.
^
St. Matthew xxv. 23.
600 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
into pieces like the seals of the ^iL*. Take each single piece
w'hich hath been cut and roll it upon thy left hand, with the
finger of the right hand next to the thumb, until it becometh
as fine as a thread, and lay it upon an outspread napkin which
thou shouldst have before thee, until [the dust] hath come to
an end. Let it dry for one day and one night, and then bring
a ;no3u\, of Mar Thomas {i. e., a ;«*. made of the relics of
Mar Thomas the Apostle) and cast it in the form of a cross
into that vessel in which thou hast made the mass of dust, oil
and water, and say, 'This ;ii*» is signed and sanctified by this
»No.-i..\ of Mar Thomas the Apostle to the healing and cure
(
BOOK VI. CHAPTER VI. OF CYPRIAN. 6oi
he siened the sien of the Cross over her, and she was com-
pletely healed, and her kinsfolk and relatives took her
and went away with gladness.
And a certain man from Marga had a paralytic son
who from the womb had never walked, and this man,
having heard of the influence which the prayer of
Rabban possessed with God, [p. 345] and that our
Lord brought to a satisfactory issue every thing
which he commanded, laid the bo\- upon an ass in
firm belief, and came to this our Simon; and when
he had set him before the feet of the holy old man,
he entreated him with tears to have mercy upon
him. Then Rabban brought forth the oil of prayer
—
from the sanctuary now it was a custom of Rabban to
of the body and soul, in the name of the Father and the Son
and the Holy Ghost.'" fpo^o c-.3 o^^^:^ ;>ao3p ;i^Ls< ^i>io o: h^i
cr.3 ;-iAi. ;>ob:o .i.*io ;!'» ^ 3\Cj asaV^ p^ u-rS 6^Ai ;^? fif=a3 ^ioblo
fisotfacj jm^Mopjt ^o .^Sol >^ >Z>Af oo) X^ ^o-^JSis^o X^03l\_ 22^. ^o.£lxo
^\o^»? fioa-i. ;^attg)3 ^3..2 Xi. ,*cu^\q ^itlCjo^ a« a*. Aactto .?«-.? l^s\j
;o^? ^Ou^ fio^lb .\i. *cuOoiio .^^33 istt^a fi*«*? i^^^ ^^o- ^2
;f>, o-i,\^ l^l ^o .}\\ a.»,o ^a* a^ jcu? Jdooxo .crX:i ijo\ a-i. ^^?-a
^u:bX» .ijolo .c-j ^cyiS^nXa ^;» octjs f3>^^3 jo3aV^3 ^b2 : ^Of*» v*ii03
;fisa.Cj;lo ^iml^o^ ;*.Aa: '^olis «,3.»? 23C77 ;^<x3u\3 ^or ^iw aMX»o
•tt^aats? ^obo ^aao +32 pxa IxS^'io ifA^s? See B. ., iii. ii. p. 2/8;
Payne Smith, 77/^i-., col. 1316; Duval, Lexicon, col. 764; Mai,
Scriptorimi Veterum Nova Collcctio torn. v. p. 21. The ,
p. 279.
gggg
602 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
2 Kings ix. i.
I
p. 346] who although he had hved with his wife
for many years had not become the father of children,
and he entreated Rabban that he would consider him
worthy of the help of his prayer. And Rabban
made the sign of the Cross over him with a he7zdniV
three times, and having dismissed him to his journey
with prayer country, and
he departed to his [own]
there were born to him two sons and. one daughter.
And they brought to him from Seyan, a village of
heretics, a woman whose two legs were paralysed, and
after she had continued in the monastery two days,
lying in the chapel, our Lord gave her healing by the
prayers of the holy man.
And again they brought to him from the province
of Garin^ a woman who was —now blind in both eyes
this woman belonged to a noble family of people, rich
and she was exceedingly beautiful
in appearance — and
by the prayers of the holy man she also received a
complete cure in the appearance and beauty of both her
eyes, and every man praised and glorified God when
they saw the help which that woman had obtained.
[One] night a devil beat a youth from Berbeli'* severely,
'
jti^ fivo or ^Ub was a district situated between Adhor-
baigan and Ardabil; in the eighth century the seat of the
Nestorian bishop was in the church of Bai See Bk.
^^ ^n?^ ii.
p. 296.
"*
See supra, p. 576, and Hoffmann, Aiisrjitgc, note 1762.
^
[to the holy man]. And when they had taken him in
to Rabban, he sealed him with the sign of the Cross,
and rebuked the devil according to the word of our Lord,"
and all the brethren being gathered together before
him, he went forth from his mouth like a carrion crow
and away and departed; and that boy received
flew^
^
;-^:, a small plot of ground which corn or vegetables
in
were sown. ;?-* ;a=o:2 = JTlb'n npbn in 2 Samuel xxiii. 11. See
Payne Smith, Hies., col. 407.
2
;io\ = ^^''^\. The word ;»a\ is derived from the
Greek Kua)ao(;, ji>o»2oa; see Payne Smith, Thcs., col. 680 Duval,
;
the worm fell upon all the pods, and tore them to
when he had brought some of
pieces mercilessly; and
the pods and shewed [them] to Rabban, Rabban gave
him some water in which the cross which [he wore]
upon him had been washed, and commanded him to
sprinkle it over all his plot of land, and straightway
the plague ceased, and the praise of God increased
throuMi him and flourished.
And again, a certain man had large flocks of sheep,
upon which there once fell a pestilence, and many of
the sheep perished. And the man came to this holy
old man and entreated him to pray against that affliction,
and on the clay wdien he returned from us, and had
distributed the Jfenana over his flock, by the help of
our Lord the pestilence ceased.
And when they had brought to this servant of Jesus
the God of all, a woman whose blood had flowed from
her for a long time, and she was nigh unto death, she
was healed by the pra)'er of this blessed old man like
js-^_5 c^iaJl ^isLJl, Brit. Mus. Orient. 7203, fol. i^oa, col. 2;
*
Compare "indem der murmelnde Priester mit der Diener-
schaft zwanzig Ellen vom Feuer entfernt sitzt," u. s. w., Hoff-
mann, Atcssuge, p. 297.
- Read ;«:IA-
^
and not those which are upon earth, where Christ Whom
ye have put on dwelleth in heaven, for ye are dead
to yourselves, and your lives are hidden with Christ in
God,^ and when Christ, Who is our Life, shall be re-
vealed, then will ye also be revealed with Him in glory.
Mortify then your members^ which are upon earth, forni-
cation, uncleanness, theft, avarice, and idolatry ;5 try
^ Thessalonians v. 21.
^
i^'oc», literally, "Ethiopians". Devils often appeared in
^ Acts V. 1—6.
^ I Samuel ii. 25. The Peshitta has ;iai ^aaii^ ;m\ ;\^3. :
their spiritual life as was bad oil if used to anoint children and
sick people before baptism, and that the odour of such visits
was symbolically as the smell of bad oil; he caused the flask
of bad oil to be burned, and thus symbolically burned up the
disease which was eating away the spiritual life of the ascetics. ;
•5
For ;3-.->o;o see supra, p. 41, note 2. '
quite clear that a very large room or building destined for the
use of I3axu in common is intended, where the monks had
their kitchen (Thomas of Marga, text, p. 343, 1. 2) and place
for eating and sleeping (compare .oNoaii ;a^ B. 0., ii. p cxxxviii).
^See Hoffmann, Aiiszuge, pp. 208 216. —
4 A province belonging to Mosul; see Hoffmann, Aus:;uge.
p. 233; Feige, Die Geschichte des Mar 'Abhdisho, p. 31 (trans-
lation)'; and supra, p. 397.
6l4 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
to me, 'Keep
until return from the journey which I
it I
CHAPTER Vir.
'
2 Kings V. 22.
- Hebrews xi. 21.
J Psalm XXXV. 28; liv. 14; Ixxi. 24.
6l8 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
made the soul of the boy to return to its body, [p. 359]
and he cried out according to [his] custom. Now we
were in the temple [occupied] in the service of Psalms
for the night, and the woman was in the martyrium;
and when the mother saw that [her] boy moved she
may His grace and mercy [be] upon our assembly, now
and always, and for ever and ever, Amen.
of Gabriel and Paul that their acts and deeds were sufficiently
noble to justify him in placing them in the same book as the
glorious saints whose lives have been recorded in the earlier
chapters of this book.
BOOK VI. CHAPTER VIII. OF OAIJRIEL AND PAUL. 623
CHAPTER IX.
' This school was founded by the famous Babhai ; see siipia,
p. 296.
^ I Samuel i. 12.
kkkk
—
days of the week. And when they had been fully in-
structed, and needed nothing more from the school
for in the fifteen years they had acquired all ecclesiasti-
cal learninpf —that blessed old woman counselled them
to renounce henceforth every material things of [this]
^ Read ^.
^ With the form 6?iji), Arab. ^>U, compare oacjoa, Arab.
^3'!^. Mount Kardo is, according to tradition, the spot upon
which the ark rested and where it was swallowed up by the
earth. According to a story told in the history of Mar wgin, A
a certain Mar Jacob made up his mind to go to the mountains
of Kardo, and to pray to the Lord to show him the ark and
to bring back a plank therefrom. Having taken the advice of
Mar A wgin
he set out for Kardo, and upon his arrival at the
skirts of the mountain an angel met him and led him to the
spot where the ark had been swallowed up. The Lord then
appeared to him and told him that he had arrived at the place
wherein the ark was laid, and when Mar Jacob had asked Him
to give him a plank therefrom, He caused a plank of the wood
of the ark to be set before him. Mar Jacob received it with
joy and returned to Mar A wgin who straightway made from
it a cross which he wore upon his neck, and which he after-
wards buried in his monastery. See Bedjan, Acta Martynan,
torn. iii. Paris, 1892, pp. 435 —437.
BOOK VI. CHAPTER XI. OF GABRIEL AND PAUL. 629
CHAPTER XL
OF THE DEPARTURE OF RABBAN GABRIEL TO THE COUNTRY
OF KARDO TO LEAD THE LIFE OF AN ANCHORITE, AND OF
HOW HE CAME BACK AGAIN TO THIS COUNTRY.
there] which did not pass over him there? And what
pains [are there] which mortal nature knoweth [how]
to bring upon the child of man, which did not come
upon the holy man? Those who have lived the life
of the anchorite and have tasted its troubles will know
the taste of these bitternesses. Now he held conver-
sations with the wild animals, for they came to him
constantly. And just as [they stood] before the blessed
Noah at the door of the ark, [p. s^y] even so also did
they stand tranquilly before him — now^ a wild animal
[usually] departeth, and fleeth and shyly runneth away
at the sight and approach of a human being and although —
they were [usually] afraid of the cage(?)' yet they fed
and made their homes near him, as if they had taken
refuge and shelter in him.
Now the blessed Paul his brother ceased not to
weep by reason of the remoteness of the venerable
by day and by night he and the brethren
Gabriel, but
prayed with supplication and beseeching, and entreated
God to make known to them what had become of the
holy man and where he dwelt; and after a long time,
because the blessed Rabban Gabriel became well known
to all the people who were in Kardo, for our Lord
^ ydaa. does not make sense here and the word must be
corrupt. Hoffmann suggests that we should either read ^fisajoi
had given healing- and great cures b)- his hand unto
many, his fame also reached the wonderful Paul his
brother. And having taken a letter of entreaty from
the congregation of the brethren who were in this
monastery, he rose up and set out to bring him, and
he made inquiries about him, and sought [him] out,
and was shewn to him where he dwelt; and when
it
CHAPTER XII.
P- 143-
^ «,i3J a-iU; i. c, "the glen of Barzai." Barzai, sometimes
written Barzi, seems to be derived from Bars (for Burz) "high",
and a second word ; the form ^o»i3, ^^jyt Barzoe also seems
to exist. It is possible also that Barzai may be connected with
Baraz "wild
the Persian boar"', a beast which in early times
was much prized by the Persians; compare BapdZ;)'i(g, OuapdCii^,
BpdZ;ri<S, Noldeke, GescJiichtc dcr Pcrscr, p. 240, note i.
p. 499, coll. I, 2.
^ All the
MSS. have a>*a?3, but we must read c^s'is "furrows";
nil
634 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
of Christ, and the abiding place for His will, and [its
CHAPTER XIII.
'
Read ao^as.
BOOK VI. CHAPTER XIII. OF RABBAN GABRIEL. d^J
[p. 373] clothing for the naked, and fruits (?)^ for the
sick who were among them. But how many [more]
times shall we repeat the glorious things of this strenuous
labourer who took upon himself the burden of every
man? In our Lord cause him to hear
that day shall
p. 194, 1. 8.
^ Read ouss:>,io.
CHAPTER XIV.
' Ezekiel xvii. 10. Correct the reference at the foot of the
Syriac text.
^ Literally, "common state".
1
^ Psalm cxxxiii. i
— 3.
642 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
care [for them], for our Lord had given him the
gift of dominion over devils,
[p. 376] and he healed
^
^*;»oao7^; see also Syr. text, p. 220, 1.
^
See supra, p. 30.
2 See supra, p. 5 1, note 4.
**
See supra, p. 29, note 4.
—
'
St. Luke xiv. 26, 27. ^ Psalm 1. 16, 17.
5
The Peshitta has ^a^^o. > Romans ii. 13.
5 The Peshitta has ^oiaioxoL.
644 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^
;»'aSi^Nsp, wanting in Payne Smith's Tlus.
-
,2>*iiacjLlas», wanting in Payne Smith's Thcs.
3 JiJjXiAaisip, a rare form.
•*
,;i,ai^N», wanting in Payne Smith's Thes.
5
i^r^k^, a rare form.
^ %*^'^^^> wanting in Payne Smith's TJies.
7 ;i.i:^*bNX!o, a rare form.
8 ;i^»»3isi)o^ a rare form.
646 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XV.
from whence we have the name of the place LoUii and UX^M>is
(Yakut, torn. iv. p. 992).
5 ^iijp, Gr. Maidvvag; see Payne Smith, T/ies., col 2186.
IJOOK VI. CHAPTER XV. OF OTHER HOLY MEN. 649
command.
Monastery of Beth Koka' there lived famous
In the —
for holiness —
Abba Sabhr-Isho' surnamed Khephipha ,
[i. e., Humpback), who was a truly ascetic monk, and also
I
p. and discreet
2>^2\ one of
anchorites, concerning
whom whose name was Amonius the [following] wonder-
ful thing is told. Every wild goat which had fallen
from a rock or any high place, and Injured itself, came
to him to be healed; and once when his servant, [who
pi. 52, 11. \']b, 36(^ and 38^:?; vol. ii. pi. 53, 1. 43; and Bezold,
Catalogue, p. 224.
J I have been told at Mosul that the journey from Mosul
to Baghdad was once made in less than two days by a man
sitting upon two inflated sheep-skins at the time of the spring
floods, and with a very full river it is just possible that a man
might be carried from Baladh near Eski-Mosul to Baghdad in
forty-eight hours. The journey from Baghdad to Mosul is per-
formed by the post in from three and a half to five days; the
distanceby road via Kerkuk is about 300 miles.
652 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
up by its roots.
In Salakh Gawaita^ there was a village called 'Ulal,*^
'
Read :^J^ Henaitha. See Hoffmann, Anssiigc, p. 2i6ff.
2 See Hoffmann, Aiissiige, p. 210.
^ /. e., the city of Seleucia.
^ I. e., from the country round about Seleucia. See Hoffmann,
Aiiszuge, p. 252 ff.
5 See Hoffmann, Ausaiige, p. 244ff. and supra, p. 316, note 4.
^ All the MSS. have -^'ai., but in the Syriac text, p. no.
t6, the name is spelt ^ol^.
TIOOK VT. CIIAPTF.R XV. OF OTHER HOLY MEN. 653
- Read ^i..
^
P}%^, "the man of el-Azd."
3 ^i^ translates the Heb. HiO^?, DTT^ and nj: (Payne Smith,
TJies., 1606) Taiman is the district called Yemen, i^^r^l,
col.
[p. 387] many words, but thou shalt not strike a bargain
with him, neither shalt thou accept their price from him.
And when he shall say to thee, 'Wait until I bring
thee their price,' thou shalt say to him, 'Thus saith
Mar Whenever it is easy for thee, take their
Gabriel,
price and come [with it] to me to the monastery'."
And when that brother had gone and had done as he
had been commanded, behold 'Amran came, and when
he saw the oxen he turned aside [to look at] them.
And having enquired about their condition he said,
"Hast thou brought them to sell?" and the brother
freely, and say to him, I know that thou hast not the
*
See Bk. IV. chap. 21, supi-a, p. 450.
658 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
I
p. 389] he said to them merely, "They will be made
desolate utterly", and this actually came to pass.
IMoreover, by the [gift of] prophecy which dwelt in 7
him he made known concerning the revolt in the '
CHAPTER XVII.
Let US now turn, [p. 390] the might of the prayer of this
holy man cleaving unto us, to the mighty deeds which
Christ wrought, and the wonders which He shewed
forth by his hands. "A city which is built upon a
3 2 Corinthians xii. 7.
4 Literally, "the angel of Satan."
5 I Corinthians ix. 27.
^ I. e., revelations and signs.
^ Read ^aaa^a o<J^ crji*3^3 ,00;!^ ^?>^?-
•BOOK VI. CHAPTER XVII. OF RABBAN GABRIEL. 66^
the fifty days were ended the boy had become whole/
And his father commanded one of the members of his
home to bring some fish from the river, and to carry
[them] with the boy to Rabban, and some they fried
[to eat] in the village, and some they left alive and
and Payne Smith, Thcs., col. 1790, \\ja = ^i^ in Brit. Mus.
MS. Orient. 2441, fol. 333 <^, col. i.
668 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE. BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
4 Read ;fd^^.
670 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
^ Read ojaj^.
^
i§!so'i see supra, p. 390, note i.
^
;^ rfn r> is*D, i. c, the dense thicket of the forest which hid
and protected the monastery. For the word ;^..ax^ used in this
sense compare lih^^ ;a:Jau*o ^i. ,» iaS "outside the woods and
places defended by trees;" see Cureton, yohn of Ep/icsiis,
p. 402, 1. 24; and Payne Smith, Thes., col. 1331. A Mon-
astery of ;a.>g>» is mentioned in B. 0., ii- p. 65, 1. 26.
^ Read a^..
qqqq
674 THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
moon, which are set precious stones; they also call ;i3ojo
in
'
The MSS. have ^icjcv^S, but read ;ib>aA.
68o THOMAS OF MARGA, THE BOOK OF GOVERNORS.
CHAPTER XVIII.
'^
Read .oc^bouo.
i;OOKVI. CHAPTER XVIII. DEATH OF RABB AN GABRIEL. 68^
-^-
BIBLE PASSAGES QUOTED OR REFERRED TO
BY THOMAS, BISHOP OF MARGA.
Genesis Page Genesis Page Exodus Page
3- • 620 xxvi. 1 319 xxiv. 18 26
I. .
47 XXVI. 12 372
T,T2 xxiv. 18 27
3- • 117 xxvii. 66 xxvm. I. . . 24
111. 3. 4- 280 xxvii. 3, 4- 382 xxix. 45, 46. 546
iii. 1—6 611 xxvii. 27—30. 382 xxxii. 4. . .
57
iii. 6 666 xxviii. 66 xxxiv. 29. . . 28
iii. 12 280 XXX. 496 xxxiv, 25. . . 26
iv. 48 XXX. 43- 372
iv. 280 XXXV. II 221 Leviticus
iv. 17 610 xxxvii. 28. 66 ii- 13 376
iv. 478 xxxvii. 28. 484 vii. 35- 596
vi. 45 xxxviii. 8. 489
vi. 318 xxxviii. 18. 318 Numbers
2S0 xxxix. 6. 250 iii. 373
48 xliii. I. 319 IV VIZ
XI. 48 xlvi. 8. 24 xi. 17, 25 —29. 25
xi. 281 xlvi. 29. 74 xvi. 1—35. . . 1S6
xii. 319 xlvi. 29. 185 xvi. 32 325
xiii. 368 xlvi. 29. 222 xxii. 28 20
XV. n xlix. I. 226 XXV. I 56
xvii. 24 XXV. 7, 8. . . . 56
xviii. 372 Exodus
xviii. 319 ii 2 250 Deuteronomy
xix. 25 318 ii 12. . . . 66 1. 44. . . 615
xix. 320 ii 16. . . .
496 vi, 4. . .
532
xix. 361 111. 3. . . .
405 XXV. 5—9. 489
xxi. 220 xii. 35» 36. .
395 xxviii. 22 336
xxi. 58 xiii. 21. . . . 122 xxxii. 18. . . 56
XXV. 58 XX. 117 xxxii. 35, 36. 388
XXV. 220 XX. 585 xxxii. 48 — 50. 518
XXV. 48 XX. 249 xxxiv. 6. . . 26
REGISTER OF BIBLE QUOTATIONS. 687
ii. 1 1 456
1 Samuel ii. IS 27
i. ir 6i8 ii- 23 693
i. 12 625 iii. 10 303
i. 20 220 iv. 17 219
ii. 19- • ... 621 iv. 17 221
ii. 22 48 iv. 21. ... 618
ii. 25 610 iv. 34 620
iii. 20 224 iv. 35 309
vii. 15 — 17. . . 21 V. 20 48
viii. 3 48 v. 22 617
xvi. 2. . . . 382 ix. 1 601
xvi. 12 251 ix. 30 672
xvii. 40 230 ix. 35, 36. . . 391
xix 66 xvii. 22 309
xxix. 9 317 xix. 35 319
xix. 35 320
2 Samuel
vii. 5 584 1 Chronicles
xi. 2 318 xxi. [4 320
xii 71
xv-xvii 389 2 Chronicles
xiv. 17 317 i. ii 395
xxiii. II 605 xvi. 6 55
xxiv. 15 320 X3xiii. 7 55
I Kings Ezra
i. 39 601 iii- 2 349
vii. 2 21
3
St. Mark
INDEX.
Aaron the priest, I. xxiii; II. 24. Abha, Monastery of, II. 577.
INDEX. 691
I
Antonius, see Antony. Arbel, II. 37, 90, 124, 130, 176,
Antony of Egypt, I. xlv, cxxi, 240, 302, 349.
cl; II. 28, 29, 30, 32, 35, 52, Arbil, II. 171.
188, 192, 194, 202, 255, 256, Arcadius, II. 29.
INDEX. 695
Ixxii; II. 5, 21, 38, 68, 78. Barka, II. 317, 340.
Bar-Hebraeu.s, Chronicle of Barsil, II. 296.
quoted, II. 43, 80, 336, 337, Bartholomew the Apostle. II.
258, 284, 290, 302,313, 327, 282, 296, 302, 327, 328, 380,
328, 332, 335, 349, 379, 383. 383, 450.
385, 500 ; his commentary Basil of Caesarea, II. 180, 201,
on the Psalms quoted, II. 257. 417.
Bar-Henana, II, 459. Basil, his history of Joseph,
Bar-idta, II. 8, 65, 230, 648. I. xix.
Bar-'Idta, his history of Sah- Basra, U. 88.
dona, II. 1 10, 130. Bastohmagh, I. xli, xlviii, Ixv,
696 INDEX.
Ixxii, Ixxxiv; II. 5, 79, 82, 83, l^eth 'Abhe, Monastery of, I.
Beh-Ardashir, II. 113, 114. 38, 39, 59, 66, 6'^, 69, 72, n^
Bekker, Anccdota Graeca quot- 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 84, 96, 97,
ed, II. 343. 100, 103, 109, 121, 127, 150,
Beni-hasan, II. 672. 153, 154, 175, 180, 210, 212, -
102, 109, no, 119, 122, 124, 119, 123, 233, 239.
131, 144, 179, 228, 245, 448, Beth Nuhderan, I. clxi; II. 234,
Beth Koka, II. 38, 107, 209, 210. Beth Sinayc, II. 448.
Beth Koka, Monastery of, II. Beth Talai, n. 604.
Bezold,Z?//i-^//;'2)?quoted,II.268. 96.
Bezold, Catalogue quoted, II. Book of Paradise, compilation
651. of, II. 7, history of compi-
Bezold, Tell el-Ainarna Tablets lation 189—192, how written
quoted, II. 287. 547, Expositions of passages
Bibliotheque Nationale, I. xxiv. in 178, Illustrations of 193,
Bickell, Cannina quoted, II. •
mentioned 174, 237, 264, 269.
299, 563. Book of the Little Paradise,
Bickell, Conspectus quoted, II. I. ciii, civ; II. 96.
\
INDEX. 699
278. .
n. 47-
Butrus Bistani, II. 496. Cernik quoted, II. 233, 260.
Buxtorf quoted, II. 618. Chabot quoted, I. cxxxv.
Byzantine Greeks, II. 6})'>^. Chaignet, I. cxx.
Chalcedon, Council of, II. 41,
Caesarea, II. 199, 201. 307, 465-
Cain, II. 48, 280, 610. Chamizer, I. xiv.
Cairo, II. 39. Champollion, II. 397.
Calah, II. 283. Changgan, II. 379.
Callisthenes, Pseudo, II. 577. Chemie, I. cxix; II. 531.
Canaan, II. 280. China, I. x, xi, xxx, cxv, cxvi;
Canaanites, II. 518. II. 448.
Canons of Abraham, I. cxxxiv. Choir in Nestorian Churches,
Canons of Dadh-Isho", I. cxl. I. liii.
n. 448. 449.
David, Bishop of Kartaw, I. Dionysius, Chronicle of, II. 85,
ciii, civ, cv; II. 96, 216, 225. 521.
David, Bishop of Gilan, II. 447, Dionysius, II. 340.
491. Diospolis Parva, II. 397.
702 INDEX.
362, 390, 391, 434, 447, 489, II. 26,27,28, 53, 54,58, 118,
493,499, 513, 517, 564, 575, 278, 309,492, 512, 585, 593.
600, 605, 662. Elijah, the triumphs of, II. 203.
Duval, review by quoted, II. Elijah, builder of convent near
485. Thebes, II. 199.
Duval, Hist. cVEdesse quoted, Elijah, Monastery of, I. xlvi.
704 INDEX.
Francis the scribe, I. xxi, xxii. Gaziret ibn 'Omar II. 40, 47.
Friday of the Dead, II. 438. Geba (Gibeah), II. 55.
Friday of Lazarus, I. xx. Gebel al-Gudi, II. 60, in, 123,
Fridays of Summer, the Seven, 234-
I. xxiii. Gebel Dasin, II. Gy.
Gebel Maklub, I. xlii, cxi, cxxiv,
622—629, 631, 632, 634, 636, c, cii, cvii, cxv; II. 7, 8, 121,
637—640, 649, 650, 654 657, 179, 181, 189, 193, 207, 208,
661 66;^, 6/g, 684. 217,218, 247.
Gabriel of Sinjar, II. 80, 88, 89. George II. Nestorian Patriarch,
^
Gabriel, Monastery of, II. 522. I. CXV; II.
'> '7 --»
4 3^(^, 447-
Gaddaeus, II. 200. George, a monk who was elect-
Gassa, Monastery of, II. 565. 182, 183, 184, 186, 187.
Gawar, II. 576. George bar-Sayyadhe, I. ciii;
447, 448, 468, 487, 490, 505. xiii, xlvi, lix, Ixxiv, cxliv; II.
Greeks, the Byzantine, II. 123, 219, 273, 274, 278, 316,447,
125. 556, 557, 564-
Gregory, Metropolitan of Nisi- Hadhodh, I. Ixxii; II. <S^.
.
7o6 INDEX,
Hasan bar-' AH, II. 207, 208. Henaitha I. Ixi, cvii, cxii; II. 9,
Hasan the nobleman, I. xxxv; II, 238, 239, 281, 282, 384,
II. 9, 287, 375. 386.
Hasha, II. 109. Henana, how made, II. 600,
Hatherly, II. 294. miracles wrought by 602, 603,
Hatim bar-Salih, I. ex; II. 606, 611,618, 666, 669.
312. Henan Isho', I. Nestorian Pat-
Hatra of Saphsapha, II. 150. riarch, I. ci, ciii, civ, cvi; II.
Hatra of Tirhan, II. 346. 72, 95, 121, 212, 216, 228.
Havilah, II, 395. Henan Isho', II, Nestorian Pat-
Hawaz-nahedh, I. ciii; II. 216. riarch, I. cxi; II. 379, 383,
Hazars, II, 525. 384.
INDEX. 707
INDEX. 709
Israel, II. 24, 25, 54, 58, 290. letter to his syncellus at Nisi-
.
648- 140; letter to Bishops of Beth
Isho-yahbh I. Nestorian Pat- Garmai— text, 144; letter to
riarch,!. Ixxiv; II. 46, 90, 230. themonks of izla— text, 175,
isho-yahbh II. Nestorian Pat- 176.
riarch, I. Ixx; II. 6,21,61, isho-yahbh. Abbot of Beth
72,74,79, no, 115,123,126. 'Abhe, I. xli, Ixvii, cxi — cxiii;
isho-yahbh III. Nestorian Pat- II. 9, II, 12, 259, 383, 384,
riarch, I. xiii ; xxxii, xlvii, xlviii, 385, 387, 388, 391, 393, 395,
lii, liv, Ivi, Ixii, Ixv, Ixvi, Ixxii, 396, 400, 401, 402, 403, 406,
Ixxv, Ixxxiv — xcvii, xcix, cvi, 411,413.
cvii, cxi; n. 5, 7, 79, 82,91, isho -yahbh, brother of Anan- '
loi, 102, 119, 120, 122, 124, isho, II. 174, 177, 178, 236.
127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, isho-yahbh, his monastery at
147, 151, 152, 153, 174, 175, Mosul, II. 120.
176, 179, 180, 181, 182, 185, isho -yahbh, Bishop of Shenna,
189, 207, 229, 247, 257, 293, I. Ix, Ixi.
7io INDEX.
.
378. 684; his life by Henan-Isho',
Isho -yahbh, disciple of Sergius, II. I, 72, 73, 75, 'JT, 80; his
no.
II. liistory by Sahdona, 82; his
Isho -yahbh the "Long", II. life by iVphni-Maran, 83 his ;
no — n2, n7, 121, 124, 148, Ixx, cxxiv, cxxvi; II. 44, 628.
151, 153, 180, 212—214,231, Jannes, II. 352.
246, 247, 249, 254, 258, 299, Jebel el-Kandil, I. xxv.
INDEX. 711
712 INDEX,
Joseph of Hazza, II. 47, 90. Kalilag und Daninag, II, 484
Joseph, father of Rabban Hor- Kam-Isho', I. Ixxiii, xcvi, xcvii
mizd, I. clvii. xcix, c; II. 7, 38, 74, 104
Joseph Huzaya, go, 178, 192. 108 — III, 118, 119, 121, 122
Joseph, Metropolitan of Merv, 147, 150, 180,210,212,247
LcxiijU. 383,384— 386,388, Kamus quoted, II. 232, 257.
391. Kanarang, II. 328.
Joseph, Rabban, II. 247. Kanda, I. cv.
Joseph, son of Jacob, I. lix; II. Kanon, the latter, I. xxii.
66, 79, 82, 185, 250, 252. Kaphra, I. Ixv, Ixviii; II. 179.
Joseph, history of by Basil, I. Kara-Su, II. 448.
xix. Kardagh, II. 386.
Joseph, history of by Sabhr- Kardagh, Metropolitan of Gilan,
Isho, II. 210. n. 447.
Josephus, I. cxxi. I^ardagh, syncellus of Isho'-
Joshua, the Catholicus, II. 222. yahbh III, II. 210.
Joshua, son of Nun, II. 347, I^ardagh of Ras 'Ain, I. xli;
Isatar, I. xxxviii; xcvi; II. 153, xl, xlvi, xlvii, Hx, Ixx, Ixxii,
181, 188, 192, 193. Ixxiv, Ixxv, Ixxxv, Ixxxvi; II.
Katraye, I. xcvi; II. 153. 6, 79, 80—82, 86—89, 9i» 92,
Kathismata, II. 551. 112 — 114, 124, 125.
Kawadh, II. 113. Khusrau of Beth 'Abhe, II. 428,
Kayser quoted, II. 325, 475, 485. 429.
isazwin, II. 220. Khusrau the Jacobite, II. 465.
Kelil-Isho, II. 332, 335- Khuzistan, II. 188.
I^clil-Isho', Monastery of, I. Khuznahir, II. 216.
xxvii. King's Bridge, I. xli; II. 84.
297, 301, 325, 349, 350, 384 Kitab al-Fihrist, II. 482.
INDEX. 715
LiKsd (Lausus), II. 194, 195. Mai Script. Vett. quoted, I. xxiv
Lotz quoted, II. 632. II. 72, 102, 601.
Lucian, II. 343. Maihruk, II. 332.
Luhrasaph, II. 295. Maiperkat, II. 115.
Luhrasp, II. 341. Maishan, II. 181.
I .ycus, II. 200, 203. Maiuma, II. 294.
Luz, II. 624, 6^y. Makaris — see Macarius.
Makkabta, II. 296, 581.
Ma alltha, I. Ixi, cvii; II. 8, 238, Makta, II. 583.
239, 652. Malabar, II. 601.
Alacarii, the, 11. 255. Malah, n. 94.
Macarius the Egyptian, I. Ixiii, Malbadh, Monastery of, II. 639,
cl, cliv; n. 35, 39, 51, 188, 659.
198, 269, 501, 573, 586, 591, Mamai, II. 648.
642. Manes, II. 481.
Macarius of Alexandria, II. 51, Ma na, II. 348, 648.
52, 198. Manasseh, I. xxxix; II. 58.
Macarius, Abba, II. 95, 197. Mandaraye, I. cv.
Macarius, the child of the Cross, Mani (Manes), I. cxxix.
II. 198. Manicheans, I. cv; II. 96,
MacGuckin de Slane quoted, 634-
II. 448. Manichees, II. 481.
Magianism, II. 307; treatise Maraga, H. 44, 525-
against by Theodore, II. 349. Mar 'ammeh, Nestorian Patri-
Magians, I. xxv, xxvi, cix, cxxix arch, I. Ixxxv; II. 79.
II. 243, 481, 482, 606, 607, Mar 'ammeh, U. 581.
634- Maran 'ammeh. Metropolitan of
Maggana, II. 200. Adiabene, I. xviii, xxiv, xxviii,
Magna, Nestorian Patriarch, I. XXXV, xl, cix — cxi; II. dis-
cia), n. 87, 109, 113, 185. mine in his days 340, 344;
—
7i6 INDEX.
273—278.
atta, II. 9, 202.
Maran-zekha, Abba, II. 240, Marmarica, II. 472.
267, 268. Marmarika, II. 482.
Maran-zekha, Bishop of Nine- Maroi, II. 652.
veh, II. 423. Maron, II. 665.
Maran-zekha, Bishop of Sho- Marwa, II. 665.
shan, II. 449. Maryam el 'Adra, I. xxi.
Mardin, I. cii; II. 85, 86, 211, Mar-yahbh, II. 73, 74.
329- Maskas, I. cxxvi.
Marga, I. ix — xii, Ixvii, schools Maslamah, II. 666, 668.
in xi, famine in cv; II. 3, Maslamah, II. 295, 313.
10—14, 38,43, 67,72,79,90, Masudi, n. 257, 309, 313, 66S.
103, 109, 112, 124, 131, 180, Mattai, Mar, I. cxxiv; II. 43.
181, 217, 223, 250, 296, 297, Matthew, Saint, II. 56, 127, 190.
Merv, I. cxii; II. 384, 385. Mount Sinai, II. 25, 27.
INDEX. 719
Mosul, I. XXV, xxviii, xli, xlii, xli; II. 14,449,452, 521, 522,
xlix, Ivii, Iviii, Ixvii, Ixxv, Ixxxii, 523, 536, 547, 549, 550, 553,
Ixxxvii, ciii; II. 40, 43, 44, 61, 554, 555, 557, 559, 560.
6t, 72, 80, 102, 115, 120, 121, Narsai of Maalltha, II. 300.
124, 130, 131, 176, 179, 193, Narsai, surnamed Dadh IshfV,
340, 368, 398, 399, 402, 422, Nathan the Prophet, II. 71.
432, 439, 461, 463, 465, 469, Nathaniel, Abbot of Beth' Abhc,
475, 522, 525, 526, 553, 554, I. civ; II. 216.
613,651,653,648,668. Nathaniel, II. 96, 198.
Mud Convent, I. cxii; II. 386. Natron Valley, monks in, I.
xiii, xxxviii, xcvi; troubles in, Niphates, Mount, I. xli; II. 21.
I. Ixxxv; II. 130; officers of, Niram dhe Ra'awatha, II. 592,
I. cxlix; Nestorian church, 599, 665, 668, 669, 675.
plan of, I. lii. NiVebha dhc Beth Gazza, II. 8.
Nethpar, II. 109. cxxix; II. 44, 51, 67, 79, 80,
Netira (Nitria), Mount, II. 81, 113— 115, 125, 126, 150,
470. 153, 160, 188, 220, 231, 257,
Neubauer, II. 5 1 7. 282, 295, 309, 313, 328, 330,
Nice, Council of, II. 472. 332, 341, 462, 466, 632, 656.
Niffer, II. 191. Noeldeke, Gram. Neii-Syr.
Nile, II. 39, 56, 396. quoted, II. 338.
Nilos, II. 419. Noeldeke, Syrische Gram, quot-
Nimrod, II. 386. ed, II. 395, 529.
Nineveh, I. xxv, Ixxi; II. 40, 43, Noeldeke, Sketches quoted, I. cxi.
44,66,70,71,95,96,101, 104, Noeldeke in Z. D. M. G. quot-
123, 127, 180, 237, 259, 321, ed, II. ^z, 276, 387-
.
INDEX. 721
xxxii, xxxiv, xxxix, ci, cxxiii, Antony, I. cxxi; 11. 28, 30,
cxxxvii, cl — clvi; II. 28, 29^ 198, 201, 202, 269, 278.
yyyy
722 INDEX.
579, 622, 624, 625, 627, 628, Peter,Bishop of Yaman, II. 448.
630, 631,637,639,647. Peterman, Reisen quoted, I. 1.
Paul of izla, II. 66. Pethion, Abba, II. 648.
Paul of Tekrit, II. 284. Pethion, Mar, II. 384.
Pawle — see Paul. Pethion, a monk, II. 40.
—
Pawlos see Paul. Petronius, II. 29.
Pentecost, II. 209, 461. Phagho, I. xxi.
Penuel, II. 625. Pharaoh, II. 82.
Peor, II. 201. Pharme, I. Ixiii.
724 INDEX.
INDEX. 725
cxxxiii; II. 87, 88, 109, 113, 41, 96, 211, 2>(^6, 463, 612,
181, 183, 185, 208, 219, 229, 614.
258, 283, 284, 462, 483, 522. Sewaryane, II. 41.
Seleucus Nicator, II. 494. Seyan, II. C03, 604.
726 INDEX.
Shahpuhran, II. 330. xli, Ix, cxvi: II. 14, 177, 520,
Shahrai, II. 516. 521, 522, 523, 529, 533, 538;
Shahrazur, I. cv; II. 227. Monastery of 537, 541 ; 548,
Shahrighan, I. xxv, cix, ex, cxii; 551,556-558.
II. 257, 308, 309, 311, 312, Shensi, II. 379.
313, 321, 324, 330, 386, 388, Sheol, II. 393.
393, 666. Shermen, II. 150.
Shahruzur, II. 220. Sheroe, II. 113 — 115, 124, 125.
Shaiban, II. 231. Sherowai, II. 81.
Shaibanayc, II. 231. Shi-Hoangti, II. 379.
Shaibin, I. clxiii. Shikon, II. 455.
Shaibna, U. 8. Shila, Nestorian Patriarch, I.
Sharzadh, z. c, George II. Nes- liv, Ixviii, Ixix; II. 13, 447,
torian Patriarch, II. 332, 334. 467, 469, 472, 475, 478, 480
Shatt al-'Arab, II. 181. -486, 488, 489, 537-
Shamo, I. xxi. Shubhhal-Maran Abbot of Beth
Shamoni, II. 107. 'Abhc, I. cxvii;n. 541, 547,
Shechinah, II. 544. 548, 555, 556,651.
,
INDEX. 727
316,384-386.
II. Sylvanus, Bishop of Kardo, I.
^
52, 95, 181, 578. Tabernacle the, II. 394.
Sozopolis, II. 41. Tabhalan, II. 449.
Spain, II. 255, 470. Tabhor — see Mount Tabor.
"Stations", the twenty, II. 293. Tabitha, II. 423.
Steindorff, 95, 2 16, 324, 332, 450, Tabor, Mount, II. 26, 27.
^
577- Taiman, II. 656.
Stephen the Martyr, II. 482. Tagrith, II. 126, 284.
Stephen the African, II. 198. Talana, I. cvii; II. 250, 316.
Stephen, l^i.shop of Dasen, II. Tarihan, II. 415.
316. Tarsus, II. 180, 201.
Stephen of Marga, II. 43. Ta'uk, II. 44, 102.
Stephen, II. 51. Tayyaye, II. 51.
Strassmaier quoted. II. 128. Tayyi', II. 51.
Strassmaier, Nabonidus quoted, Teheran, II. 494.
II. 362. Tehesiya, II. 199.
vStrassmaier, Worterverseichiiiss Tekrit, II. 126, 177, 284, 340,
quoted, II. 267, 554, 564. 449, 520.
Stratonice, I. cxxxi. Tekrit, Maphrian of, II. 238.
Suez, I. ix, xlv. Telia, I. cxi; II. 379, ^']<S,66i.
Suidas quoted, II. 57. Telia dhe Zallc, II. 180.
Sunday Market, II. 638. Tell-Besme, II. 5, 85.
Sunday of Renewal, II. 413. Tell el-Amarna, II. 287, 564.
;
INDEX. 729
Themistocles, II. 343. Ivii, Ixx, cvi; II. 38, 43, 46,
Theodore, II. 202. 47, 50, 60, 61, 6-j, 81, 87, 95,
Theodore of Mopsuestia, I. cxl III, 115, 123, 124, 177, 181,
II. 90,348, 349, 501. 211, 219, 233, 259, 273, 290,
Theodore of Pharme, I. Ixiii. 317, 340, 347, 386, 387, 398,
Theodoret quoted, II. 94, 472, 449, 461, 463, 464, 520, 523,
578. 528, 553, 554, 556, 557, 558,
Theodosius, I. lix; II. 29, 81, 650.
180, 194. Tillemont quoted. II. 28, 30,
Theodosius the monk, II. 244. 31, 32, 35, 51, 52, 81,92,94,
Theodosius, brother of Thomas 191, 255, 349, 397, 481, 573,
of j\Iarga, I. xxvi, xxvii; II. 3. 578, 584, 586.
Theodotus the usurer, II. 94. Timiron. II. 199.
Theognis, II. 472. Timothy I, Nestorian Patriarch,
Theon, Abba, II. 203. I. liv, Ixviii, Ixix, ciii, cxii; II.
730 INDEX.
Usener quoted, II. 497, 551, 37^ 38, 39, 46, 61, 72, 79, 86,
587.^ 90, 104, 109, III, 113, 123,
'Uthman the Jacobite, II. 465. 154, 174, 178, 189, 192, 207, %
.
INDEX. 7Z^
Wright. JosJnia iJie Sty lite quot- Yadinbadh, I. Ixvii; II. 441.
ed. II. 51 ^y, 123, 510, 648. Yazdinabad, II. 177.
Wright, Apoc. Acts quoted, II. Yemen, II. 449, 656.
588. Yezdbozedh, II. 450.
Wright, KaUlaJi quoted, II. 426, Yezdin, I. lix; II. 81.
/*
732 INDEX.