Experiment 1

AIM - To measure the diameter of a sphere/cylindrical body using vernier calipers

REQUIREMENTS - vernier calipers, a small spherical body (say a Bob) or a small cylindrical body (say a
metallic cylinder)

THEORY- let s be the value of one smallest division on the main scale and v be that of the vernier scale .
on joining the fixed and moved jaws of vernier , it is observed that and

(n-1) divisions of main scale = N divisions on the vernier scale.

i.e. (n-1)s= nv

ns-s = nv

n(s-v)=s

(s-v)=s/n

i.e. vernier constant = value of smallest division on main scale / total number of divisions on main scale

Let main scale reading = x and y th division of vernier scale coincides with any of the main scale division
then observed diametre (D) = MSR + VSR = x + (y x LC)

RESULT- The diametre of given sphere/ cylindrical body is ____ cm

Experiment 2
AIM - To measure the diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimetre using vernier calipers
REQUIREMENTS - vernier calipers, a calorimetre

THEORY- Internal diametre D and depth h can be calculated using vernier callipers.

Volume of the given cylinderical vessel, V = 1/4 pi D 2h where D is the diametre and h is the depth of the
vessel. ( or V = pi . r2. h where r = D/2)

RESULT-

Internal dimatre of given calorimetre , D =

Depth of given calorimetre , h =

Internal volume of given calorimetre, V =

Experiment 3
AIM - To measure thickness of a given wire using a screw gauge

REQUIREMENTS - A screw gauge , a piece of wire whose diametre is to be measured

RESULT- The diametre of the given wire measured by screw gauge =

Experiment 4
AIM - To measure thickness of a given sheet using a screw gauge

REQUIREMENTS - A screw gauge and 50 sheets of paper

RESULT- Thickness of the given sheet is -

 Experiment 5
AIM - To determine the volume of an irregular lamina using a screw gauge

REQUIREMENTS - A screw gauge , given irregular lamina and milimetre graph paper (bigger in size than
the lamina)

THEORY- Volume of given irregular lamina = Area of lamina (A) x thicknesss of lamina (t)

RESULT- Volume of given lamina is -

Experiment 6
AIM - To determine the radius of a curvature of a given spherical surface by spherometre.

REQUIREMENTS - A sphereometre , a plane glass strip , a convex mirror, a scale(15cm), a sharp pointed
pencil , eraser

RESULT- the radius of curvature of given convex mirror

Experiment 7
AIM - Using a simple pendulum , plot its L-T 2 graph and use it to find the effective length oof the
second's pendulum

REQUIREMENTS - a metallic bob , fine thread , a labroratory stand, a split cork , Vernier callipers , a
stopwatch , a metre scale , a piece of chalk , a pencil

THEORY-

Time period : time period is the time taken by pendulum to complete one oscillation. It is represented by
T. Its unit is second. Time period of a simple pendulum for oscillations of small aplitude is given by T = 2π
√ (L/G ) where L is the effective length of the pendulum ang g is the acceleration due to gravity .

Second's Pendulum : A simple pendulum having periodic time of two seconds. From

T = 2π √ (L/G )

L= gT2/ 4π2

For T= 2 s , L = 9 x 22/4π2 = 9 /π2 = 0.993m = 1 m

RESULT-

The graph plotted between length and time period is curved

The graph plotted between length and square of time of simple pendulum is a striaght line

Length of second's pendulum from L-T2 graph L'