FOUNDATION OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

A. SOCIAL OR SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS

Sociology concerns itself with the study of social life, group behaviour, cause and effect of changes in
environment (urbanization, technology, etc.) It tries to find out what leads one group to behave in one
way and another, in a different way. Findings and theories of sociology are of help to educational policy
makers, planner and administrators in understanding their society.

FOUR SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1. Impact on planning on society

2. Social sanctions and taboos

3. Social aspirations relating to education

4. Role of external pressures in educational planning and management

B. POLITICAL FACTOR

Factors that are believe to exert political pressures on educational planning and management.

a) Political ideologies

b) Politician’s ideas and attitudes

c) Lobbies

d) International agencies and movement

e) Foreign aid

EDUCATIONAL LOBBIES IN A COUNTRY REPRESENTS THE FOLLOWING INTERESTS:

a) Racial or communal minorities

b) Religious or cultural group

c) Industrial or commercial establishment

d) Trade unions

e) Parent or parent-teacher group

f) Alumni/alumnae groups

g) Student movements

h) Regional interests

C. ECONOMIC FACTORS

Economics deals primarily with the allocation of scarce resources to alternative uses. This may refer to
the behavior of an individual; the distribution of limited resources

(Income) over expenditures that satisfy different needs (food, clothing, recreation, etc.)

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND ECONOMIC POLICY

EDUCATION: INSTRUMENT AND AIM OF ECONOMIC POLICY

THE PRIVATE POINT OF VIEW

COST AND BENEFITS

COST OF EDUCATION

D.PEDAGOGICALFACTORS

Pedagogy is the science of teaching, comprise the sum total of our knowledge and experience in
bringing about learning.

The planner must acquaint himself with the following aspects:

1. Objectives of education

2. Structure of an educational system

3. Contents of education

4. Methods of teaching and learning

5. Financing of education

6. Innovation and technology

7. Research and evaluation

E. DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

Demography is the statistical study of the characteristics of human population especially with the
reference to size and density, growth, distribution, immigration and vital statistics and their effects on
social and economic conditions
POPULATION DYNAMICS

Educational planning is for people; maximizing people’s welfare is the ultimate aim. Dealing with
“target” population which constantly changing in number, age, sex. And geographic distribution,
educational planning cannot but face the dynamics of population growth and change.