JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTEMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING

COURSE: BASIC URBAN DESIGN

PROJECT TASK 01

REVIEW ON BOOK: Local Development Plan Manual Final Draft

PREPARED BY: Letu Olana RU3746/11

Submitted to: Mrs Eden D

Submission date: April 21, 2022

ABSTRACT

This document consist short description of, the concepts of LDP, principles and strategies that should be
applied in the preparation and implementation of LDP have been stated in part I. The manual has also tried
to incorporate international and national practices of LDP preparation and implementation. In the second
part, the necessary steps and procedures that should be followed to prepare LDP (starting from preparatory
activities through implementation up to monitoring and evaluation) have been provided in a summarized
way.

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ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
I would like to thank our instructor who assist and guide us to investigate and work on this
assignment.

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Table of Contents
PART I BACKGROUND STUDY ........................................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1
REVIEW OF PRACTICES .............................................................................................................................. 1
CONCEPTION, GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................. 2
PART II THE PROCEDURE MANUAL ............................................................................................................... 3
PHASE 1: PREPARATORY WORKS .............................................................................................................. 4
PHASE 2: DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS................................................................................................. 4
PHASE 3: DEVELOPING STRATEGIC OPTIONS............................................................................................ 4
PHASE 4: PROPOSALS ................................................................................................................................ 4
PHASE 5: INTEGRATING PROPOSALS. ....................................................................................................... 5
PHASE 6: APPRAISAL AND APPROVAL....................................................................................................... 5
PHASE 7: IMPLEMENTATION..................................................................................................................... 5
PHASE 8: MONITORING AND EVALUATION .............................................................................................. 5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................................. 5

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 PART I BACKGROUND STUDY
INTRODUCTION
Urban planning is one of the most important tools of urban management. LDP is a lower level urban
plan, which is prepared within the framework of a structure plan. It is detailed and focuses on
specific locality of an urban center for immediate implementation. It is, therefore, an important tool
for unplanned development urban centers in Ethiopia since re-planning of those urban centers
involves an extensive land-use readjustment and wholesale interventions are both unachievable and
unadvisable in built up urban areas.

LDP in the Context of Ethiopian Urban Planning System

LDPs have two major objectives:

1. To guide a long term development of a locality by providing tools such as building permit
procedures; design guidelines and brief;

2. To facilitate efficient and effective implementation of projects such as city center business
development, UURP, real estate projects, etc by providing detailed land use and urban design
proposals.

Purpose of the guideline: The main purpose of the guideline is to fill the long observed detailed urban
planning knowledge gap in the Ethiopian urban development planning practice. More importantly, it
has adopted the recently introduced IDP approach in order to secure strong public participation and
integrated development efforts of urban centers.

REVIEW OF PRACTICES
General
In the world different urban plans are used widely as tools of urban management along a sustainable
path and become part of their day–to–day management routings. These days, in most cities of the
world, three major planning hierarchies, in a top-down hierarchy, are distinguished:
• a city-wide long term urban plan (master plan, development plan, structure plan, etc),
• a city-wide medium term strategic/integrated development plan, and
• a local development plan (plan that refers to a specific geographic location)
International Practices
LDP takes different forms and names in various countries. In USA, for instance, it is referred to as
Specific Plan(consists of different urban plans, policy statements & regulations pertaining to development of
that particular urban area) whereas in the Netherlands and Germany it is dubbed as Local Land Use

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Plan(is legally binding and serves as one of the grounds upon which the municipality decides whether or not
to issue a building permit in a specific area) and Local Development Plan(detail spatial plan of an urban
area designated for a specific development program.) respectively. In UK, it is referred to as Local Plan
(achieved by process of developing the spatial development framework and implementation strategies and
action plans) while in Uganda it is called Zonal Plan (provide a framework for development of urban
components relevant to Parish and are composed of detail land-use plans and written provisions).
Local practices
The major approaches pursued in LDP preparation in Addis Ababa are summarized as
Initiation the revised structure plan of the City clearly states that if one of the following conditions
is fulfilled, LDP could be prepared for a portion of the city.
• Problem pressure: deterioration of social, economic and physical fabrics
• Development pressure: major investment proposals in pipeline
• Strategic Location: Potential to trigger further development
• Ease of implementation: availability of adequate infrastructure services
Goal setting: depends on the area where LDPs are prepared, i.e. business area, industrial area
Vision: strongly suggest that LDP visioning should be done with strong stakeholders’ participation.
Approval: Though the City Government planning law requires formal approval of LDPs by the
council before they proceed into implementation process
Implementation: process commencing the work after formal approval from responsible body

CONCEPTION, GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS

Conception and Principles
Key Issues and Concepts: LDP is an instrument that indicate the general and broader proposals of a
structure plan of an urban center and it is also a detail development plan of a defined locality. It
serves as a transition between a structure plan and projects in the process of implementation of
urban plans. The key elements of an LDP include, detail land-use plan of the area (two and three
dimensional); proposals of major infrastructure networks; proposals of key socio-economic
measures; implementation strategies; regulations; standards & norms.
Key Principles and the IDP Approach Adopted
Integrated Plan: LDP forms an integral part of the urban system that exists in a specific urban center
Participatory Planning: The principle which lays down a strong foundation for LDP
implementation.

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Plan for Performance: a method at which the overall development goals and strategies of structure
plan closer to concrete development programs/projects is ensured.
Sustainability: way to perceive and fit into national, regional and local contexts properly.
Accommodative Plan: inclusion of needs and interests of local communities as well as the existing
local urban functions and characters.
General Provisions and Considerations
Some consideration can be taken and adopted in LDP planning & implementation processes like
Basic Urban Design Elements: which are Aesthetics, Building blocks, The space between buildings,
The function and use of space, Facades, skyline and silhouette, Street pattern, road design and
parking in order to create an urban form that defines the living pattern of dwellers, Public
Participation: for effective implementation, Scope of LDP Study: needs to cover both the ‘Planning
Area and Action Area’, with different levels of details, Integration of LDPs with other Development
Programs: since LDP is one element in a given urban planning system, it should establish a strong
link with city structure/development plans, sector development programs and other development
strategies carried at all levels of the government hierarchy (national, regional, local), Revising
LDPs: a timely readjustment is required to LDP in a way that catches up the changing urban
dynamics.
Data Collection and Analysis Considerations
Since LDPs are plans that translate broader goals and strategies of a structure plan into localized
and concrete development proposals, collection and analysis of information are also localized and
more concrete as well as detail enough for implementation depending on the level of the specific
urban center.
As any other urban plans, effectiveness and sustainability of LDPs depend the existence of specific
government agency responsible for issues of urban planning in a given urban center.

PART II THE PROCEDURE MANUAL

This part of the manual gives a road map that guides users through eight phases of planning, each
phase broken down into major tasks and the tasks into detailed activities and actions.
The eight planning phases are:
• Preparatory Phase • Data Collection and Analysis Phase
• Strategies Phase • Proposals Phase

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• Integration Phase • Appraisal and Approval Phase
• Implementation Phase • Monitoring and Evaluation Phase

PHASE 1: PREPARATORY WORKS

The main purpose of the preparatory works is to make the key decision-makers and actors aware of
the necessary preparations that need to be made prior to commencement of the project by
undertaking tasks like Initiation and awareness creation (reaching general consensus among the key
actors regarding the need for and purpose of the LDP), Preparation and approval of project TOR (to
provide a road map for the whole LDP process), Procurement of project logistics & human resources
(start the planning process with organized project input and thereby to enable the project proceed
smoothly) and Develop operational/action plan (translate TOR of the Project into detail activity plan
and thereby enable relevant actors aware of their respective responsibilities by providing detail
information regarding what action is to be done)

PHASE 2: DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS

The major purpose of this phase is to collect the necessary data required and to identify the gaps to
inform the LDP planning process through tasks such as mobilize for data collection (make sure that
every preparatory work, formats, etc are in order before data collectors are mobilized), data collection
(provide subsequent planning phases with factual basis regarding local, regional and national
contexts relevant to the LDP area), data analysis (undertake a critical analysis and then draw the key
issues that need to be emphasized in subsequent planning process)

PHASE 3: DEVELOPING STRATEGIC OPTIONS

Is achieved by stating goals and objective to develop a conceptual framework which integrates the
major LDP components by first develop alternative planning scenarios and concepts (develop shared
vision and interpret the major findings into planning issues) and later develop strategies for various LDP
components (Development of management strategy and financial strategy)

PHASE 4: PROPOSALS
This phase is a step where the LDP enters into recommending solutions; issues emerging from the
preceding phases are taken as basis for proposals. This process includes determinng the key
planning and design tools that covers five major planning areas, namely, socio economic, spatial
(physical and environmental), institutional, financial and legal aspects of the LDP.

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 PHASE 5: INTEGRATING PROPOSALS.
The purpose of this phase is to integrate different components of the LDP in a way that feeds and
complements with each other. Unless proposals are integrated with each other, the proposals will be
contradictory and conflicting. When the proposals become integrated, one activity in one of the
proposals would have a positive spread over effect on the other proposals eventually satisfying the
planning goals.

PHASE 6: APPRAISAL AND APPROVAL

Prepare executive summary of the LDP documents through Undertake discussion on the proposed
agendas, Integrate stakeholders’ feedbacks and Make final refinement to the LDP documents by
integrating input generated in the approval process.

PHASE 7: IMPLEMENTATION
In order to bring efficient and effective implementation process undertaking preparatory works
before embarking on implementation of local development plans that commence in a very organized
manner is essential.

PHASE 8: MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and evaluation process demands a regular follow up and legal frameworks and it should
be undertaken at predefined and critical stages of the implementation process to bring about better
efficiency and timely correction of defects at work.

CONCLUSION
Generally LDP is detailed and lower level urban plan which focuses on specific locality of an urban
center for immediate and effective implementation and long term development of a locality. In
order to achieve integrated urban development, preparation of LDP should concern detail spatial
plans, Participation of all stakeholders, major proposals of socio-economic development, physical
and spatial development, proposals of major infrastructure networks, the necessary implementation
instruments/specific actor (financial, institutional, legal) and strategies. In addition LDPs should be
perceived and fit into national, regional and local contexts properly so as to be sustainable. Further,
it is supposed to respond both to future and current development needs of a locality, thus, striking
the right balance between the two.