“SALT 1.

0” F4 CHEMISTRY REVISION WORKSHOP MAC 2022 PREPARED BY MR BALTON LAI Page 1

Name: ....................................................... School: …………………………………………… Date: Mac 2022

CHEMISTRY WORKSHOP MODULE (FORM 4 CHAP 6 SALT)

6.8 Salts, Crystals• Compound formed when hydrogen ion, ___from an acid
& Their Uses in is replaced by a _____ ion or an ammonium ion, _____ .
Daily Life
1. Example:

Sodium Chloride salts→ H+ (HCl) replaced by Na+

Amonium chloride salt → H+ (HCl) replaced by NH4+

6.9 Solubility of Salts

1. Soluble Salts & Insoluble Salts:

Types of salt Solubility in water Keywords

1. Sodium, Potassium & All are soluble. SPA

Ammonium salts

2. Nitrate salts All are soluble. NO3-

3. Chloride salts All are soluble except PbCl2, AgCl, and HgCl. Curi: _______________ .

4. Sulphate salts All are soluble except PbSO4, BaSO4, and Suka:
CaSO4. ___________________!!!

5. Carbonate All are insoluble except Na2CO3, K2 CO3, and Suka minum
(NH4)2CO3. _______________ drink
(COLA) tidak suka air!!!

6. Ethanoate salts All are soluble

All Carbonate salts, __________of Chloride, _______________ of Sulphate = Insoluble!!!!

Checkpoint 6.9

Zinc chloride, Sodium carbonate, Lead (II) sulphate, Barium sulphate, Copper (II) nitrate, Silver chloride.

Soluble salts Insoluble salts

1. _______________ _______________

2. _______________ _______________

3. _______________ _______________

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 6.9 A: Preparation of Soluble Salts

1. Soluble salts of sodium, potassium, ammonium (_______________ salts) :

Reaction (______________________________) between acid (HCl, H2SO4,

HNO3) with alkali (NaOH, KOH, NH3)

a) H2SO4 + __NaOH → Na2SO4 + __H2O

b) HCl + KOH → ____ + H2O
c) HNO3 + KOH → ____ + H2O

5 Importance Steps:
1. _______________ 4. _______________
2. _______________ 5. _______________
3. _______________

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 2. Other than salts of Na+, K+, and NH4+ :
a) Acid + metal:

2HCl + Mg → _______________+ H2
b) Acid + metal carbonate:

2HCl + ZnCO3 → _______________+ H2O + CO2

c) Acid + metal oxide / hydroxide:
Example of salt Type of acid Metal Oxide Metal Metal Carbonate

ZnCl2 HCl ZnO Zn _______________

Mg(NO3)2 HNO3 MgO Mg _______________

CuSO4 H2SO4 _______________ - _______________

Copper metal is less _______________ than hydrogen, no reaction!!!

6.9 B: Preparation of • Prepared by _______________ decomposition

Insoluble Salts reaction:
1. Involves 2 aqueous solutions containing the _______________ and anions are mixed
together to form _______________ salts.

Insoluble
Cations Anions
salt
(Pb2+) (Cl-)
(______)

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 Quick Test 1: Ionic Equations:
1. _____ + CO32- → ZnCO2

2. Pb2+ + _____→ PbSO4

3. _____ + Cl- → AgCl
4. Pb2+ + _____→ PbI2
5. _____+ _____→ BaSO4

Quick Test 2:
1. ZnCO3 PbSO4
Insoluble Cation = _____ Cation = _____
Salts: Anion = _____ Anion = _____

2. Identify Zn(_____)2 solution Pb(_____)2 solution

the cation
solution.

3. Identify _____ CO3 solution _____SO4 solution

the anion
solution.

4. Balance Zn(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 Pb(NO3)2 + Na2CO3

equation.
→ _______+_______ →_______+_______

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 3 Methods: Neutralisation (Titration), Acids +
4. Suggests suitable methods & reactants: reactive metals, Double decomposition.

Salts Methods Reactants

1. Na2SO4 _______________ I.Sodium hydroxide, NaOH

II.Sulphuric acid, ______

2. (NH4)2SO4 _______________ I. ____________, ______

II. Sulphuric acid, H2SO4

3. Al2(SO4)3 Excess ______ I.Aluminium, ______

powder with II. Sulphuric acid, H2SO4
sulphuric acid

4. Pb(NO3)2 Excess ______ I.Lead, ______

powder with nitric II.Nitric acid, HNO3
acid

5. ZnCl2 _______________ I.Zinc, Zn

II.Hydrochloric acid, HCl
_______________

6. PbSO4 ____________ I. ____________, ______

II. Sulphuric acid, H2SO4

7. AgCl ____________ I. ____________, ______

II.Hydrochoric acid, HCl

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 Reinforcement Exercise

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“Yesterday is gone. Tomorrow has not yet
come. We have only today. Let us begin.”

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 6.10 Effect of Heat on Salts • To identify the _______ & _______
6.11 Qualitative Analysis of Salts present in the salt.

1. Transition element cations:

Metal Cu(OH)2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3

Hydroxides
Colour ________ ________ ________
2. Colour change of salts on heating:
Nitrate Original Hot Cold Metal
salt colour oxide
Zinc White _______ _______ ZnO
nitrate

Lead (II) White _______ _______ PbO

nitrate

Copper Blue Black Black CuO

(II)nitrate

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3. Cations Test:

Cation Little NaOH solution Excess NaOH solution Little NH3 solution Excess NH3 solution

1. NH4+ No precipitate. NH3 gas No precipitate. NH3 gas No precipitate. No precipitate.

evolves when heated. evolves when heated.

No ______ AT ALL!!! Form Colourless solution!

2. Zn2+ White precipitate.
______. White precipitate.
____in excess.
Colourless solution. Colourless solution.

3. Al3+ White precipitate.

____. Colourless White precipitate. Insoluble.

solution.
_____________ BOTH dissolve in excess NaOH.
4. Pb2+ White precipitate.
____. Colourless White precipitate. Insoluble.

solution.

5. Mg2+ White precipitate. Insoluble. White precipitate.

________.
6. Ca2+ White precipitate. Insoluble. No precipitate. No precipitate.

No _______!!!
7. Cu2+ Blue precipitate. Insoluble. Blue precipitate. Soluble in excess.
_______ blue
solution.

8. Fe2+ ________ precipitate. Insoluble. Brown precipitate. Insoluble in excess..

9. Fe3+ ________ precipitate. Insoluble. Brown precipitate. Insoluble in excess..

NaOH NH3

ZAP MC Z APM C

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4. Confirmation tests for NH4+ , Fe2+, Fe3+ and Pb2+ ions:

Cation Specific reagent Observation

Pb2+ KI _______ ppt (PbI2), soluble in hot

water & recrystallise when cooled.

NH4+ Nessler reagent ________ ppt.

Fe2+ K4Fe(CN)6 (Potassium Light blue ppt.

hexacyanoferrate II)

K3Fe(CN)6 (Potassium _______ blue ppt.

hexacyanoferrate III)

Fe3+ KSCN (Potassium thiocyanate) Blood red ppt.

K4Fe(CN)6 (Potassium Dark blue ppt.

hexacyanoferrate II)

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5. Tests for anions:
Anions Test Observation

CO32- Heating test. ____ gas is evolved (except Na2CO3

& K2CO3)

Add with dilute ____ CO2 gas is evolved

SO42- Add dilute HNO3 followed by A white ppt (____)is formed.

BaCl2 or Ba(NO3)2 solution.

Cl- Add dilute HNO3 followed by A white ppt (____) is formed.

AgNO3 solution.

NO3- Heating test. O2 gas & NO2 gas (____colour are

evolved).

Add dilute H2SO4, FeSO4 A _________ ring (Complex Fe

solution and concentrated substance) is formed in the middle of
H2SO4 the solution. (Brown ring test)

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Exercise:

1. To test cations and anions in:

a) Sulphuric acid

Ions Test Observation

H+ Add little ________ Evolution of a gas that turns

powder to 5 cm3 of limewater ________ shows
sulphuric acid. presence of ________ ions.

SO42- Add 2 cm3 HNO3 and The formation of a

________ to 5 cm3 of ________ precipitate will
sulphuric acid. verify the presence of
________ ions.

b) Ammonium nitrate solution

Ions Test Observation

NH4+ Add 1 cm3 ________ reagent to 5 cm3 The formation of a ________ precipitate will verify
of ammonium nitrate solution. the presence of ________ ions.

NO3- Add dilute H2SO4, ________ solution and A ________ ring is formed in the middle of the
_____________ H2SO4 to 5 cm3 of solution verify the presence of ________ ions.
ammonium nitrate solution.

2. Identify the cation & anion present in Salt Z.

Test Observation Inference

1. NaOH is added gradually to Z A white precipitate soluble in excess ________ , ________, and
solution until in excess. NaOH. ________ ions may exist.

2. Aqueous NH3 is added
gradually to Z solution until in
excess.
3. Solid Z is heated slowly and
then strongly.
A white precipitate soluble in excess
NH3.
A brown gas and a gas rekindles a
glowing wooden splinter. The residue
formed is yellow when hot and white
when cooled.
________ ions may exist.
________ gas & O2 gas are
evolved. ________ ion exists.
Residue may be ________,
Zn2+ exists.

4. Dilute nitric acid followed by No noticeable change occurs. SO42- ions are ________ exist.
BaCl2 solution is added to a
little Z solution.

Salt Z Cation & Anion: ________ & ________

“Yesterday is gone. Tomorrow has not yet come. We have only today. Let us begin.” Strike for SPM Chemistry A+ !!!

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