Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 1

PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

IN ONLINE CLASS DURING PANDEMIC

Harvey D. Alfonso
Mother of Good Counsel Seminary
harveyalfonso04@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted education across the

world. The entire nation took immediate action to stop the virus from
spreading. One of the schools that stopped face-to-face classes is from a
school in City of San Fernando, Pampanga, and shifted to online classes.
This study sought to describe the students' perspectives on online learning
and what challenges they ran into when shifting from a face-to-face to a
totally online learning environment. The study utilized a quantitative
method, using a questionnaire to collect data from thirty-five (35) college
students enrolled in said school. In order to analyze the data, descriptive
statistics were used. The majority of the participants’ answer was neutral
and revealed that students prefer both face-to-face and online learning
equally. Unfortunately, there were several challenges that students ran
through, including slow e-learning platforms and services and distractions.
These results emphasize how crucial it is to offer students counseling
services as well as instruction in time management to improve their online
learning experiences.

Key terms: perspectives, challenges, college students, online learning, pandemic

The new normal education, as well as the various modalities, faced various oppositions at
first due to the risk, but with the effort of education sectors in the Philippines, it is being done
systematically for the goal of continuing millions of students’ education, especially college
students despite the COVID-19 pandemic. This plan is presented to the students to prevent and
mitigate the spread of virus and to protect the teachers and students while performing the
education for students to learn despite this time of pandemic. The online learning set up is the
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 2

said safest and effective way to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus. The pandemic has
presented us with an opportunity to pave the way for the use of digital learning (Dhawan, 2020).
This time of pandemic, teachers and students are advised to stay at home for their safety. Online
learning also gives physically challenged students more freedom to participate in virtual learning
environments that need less movement (Basilaia & Kvavadze, 2020). Several technological tools
and materials have been used in online courses in order to activate learning and instructional
processes during the COVID-19 pandemic, including synchronous and asynchronous
communication tools, such as google classroom, google meet, zoom meeting, and even different
social media applications. E-learning tools have played a crucial role during this pandemic,
helping schools and universities facilitate student learning during the closure of universities and
schools (Subedi et al., 2020).

There are a lot of possible perspectives and challenges that affected the educations of
every student during this pandemic. In this research paper, it is to search the perspectives and
challenges of college students during pandemic on every student’s education. There are a lot of
complaints about the difficulties in terms of education and one problem is the internet connection
when it comes to online classes. One of the biggest problems students’ faces is internet
connectivity. The pandemic really affected the education system and said that face-to-face class
is more effective to learn than online learning set up (Farooq et al., 2020; Xhelili et al., 2021).
But other students seemed to see the pandemic as an advantage to make their grades higher and
to achieve some of the academic achievements that they hardly had in their last face-to-face class
and this kind of perspective of students became their motivation. Motivation has been identified
as a key element in learning, in creating and sustaining a sense of community, and in
accomplishing desired objectives (Hartnett, 2016).

Online learning is more convenient since it permits students to learn at their own pace and
in their own time (Sit et al., 2005). In online learning, teachers and their students are separated by
a physical space. Technology is used to bridge this spatial gap and acts as the medium of delivery
for the teaching and learning experience to make it more interactive for learners. This new mode
of instruction provides students with appropriate flexibility, and it can be performed at any time
and in any place without the need to be on a campus.
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 3

A theory regarding this topic is E-learning theory is based on cognitive science principles
that show how the use and design of educational technology can improve learning effectiveness
(David, 2015; Wang 2012). The theory arose from a set of principles based on Cognitive Load
Theory (Sweller et al., 2019). According to David (2015), Cognitive Load Theory refers to the
amount of mental effort involved in working memory during a task and can be classified as
germane, intrinsic, or extraneous effort. Because working memory has a limited capacity and the
brain will experience overload if learners are exposed to too much information, resulting in
inefficient learning, and it is critical to balance these three types of loads to promote learning
efficiency (Clark et al., 2005).

Based on the underlying problem, this study aimed to reveal the perspectives of college
students and the challenges they faced with regard to online learning. Specifically, it described;
(1) the demographic profile of the participants in terms of their age, year level, gadgets or
devices used, academic average grade and achievement(s) from academic year 2021-2022, (2)
described the participants’ perspective on online learning, and (3) described the participants’
online learning challenges faced.

METHOD

Sampling design

This is a quantitative study focused on the perspectives of college students and the
challenges they faced with regard to online learning.

Participants

Thirty- five (35) college students from a school in City of San Fernando, Pampanga were
recruited to participate in this study.

A letter of permission was submitted to the school, the dean of studies and the director of
formation of the philosophy department, in getting participants. And with the school head’s
permission conduct the said research on the selected participants. Under load, irregular, and those
with debilitating medical conditions are excluded.
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 4

Instruments

A profile form was utilized to obtain the participants’ age, grade level, and academic
average grade and award(s) from academic year 2021-2022.

Another instrument was used in gathering data for this study, questionnaire called the
Perspectives and Challenges of Online Learning Questionnaire (PCLQ) was developed based on
the existing literature in the domain of students’ perspectives of online learning and the
challenges faced (Aboagye et al., 2020; Adnan & Anwar, 2020; Amir et al., 2020; Owusu-
Fordjour et al., 2020; Rajab et al., 2020; Ramachandran & Rodriguez, 2020) to assess the
experiences of college students. The instrument was divided into two parts: college students’
perspectives (7 items, 1–7), and the challenges students’ face (16 items, 8-23). Responses were
measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree, 5
= strongly agree).

Procedure

The participants were completely informed about the research study and its purpose of
their participation. Before answering the research instruments, participants were given a form to
ensure that their participation was voluntary and they had a full knowledge of what they were
participating from. The research instruments were given face to face. After conducting the study,
the participants had received a token as a sign of gratitude in their participation. They were also
permitted to see the data that was gathered from them after the data collection.

Ethical Considerations

The data collection was approved by the research adviser. The participants had taken part
at their own will and had given their permission. The gathered information was treated with strict
confidentiality, and the participants' identities were kept anonymous. The participants may
withdraw from participation at any time. In case of a doubt, the doubt should be resolved in favor
of the participants.
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 5

Data analysis

Data analysis was summarized and presented using item means, standard deviations, and
response frequencies and percentages. The descriptive results are summarized and discussed
under the specific research questions in the following text.

RESULTS

In the participant’s profile (see Table 1), the average age of the participants is 21.7 (in
years; SD of 2.39). The majority of the participants used desktop/laptop as their gadgets in online
class set up (94.3%) and more than half of them also used smartphones (60%). The majority of
the participants got 1-1.7 as their academic grade average (74.3%). Less than half of them,
participants, achieved the dean's lister award (48.6%).

Table 1. Participants' Profile

Variable F %
Age 21.7 (Means) 2.39 (Standard Deviation)
Year level
3 21 60
4 14 40
Devices used during online class
Desktop/laptop 33 94.3
Smartphone 21 60
Tablet 4 11.4
Academic grade average from A.Y. 2021-2022
1 - 1.7 (passed, DL) 19 54.3
1.71 - 2 (passed) 12 34.3
N/A 4 11.4
Academic achievement(s) from A.Y. 2021-2022
Dean's Lister 17 48.6
N/A 18 51.4
*F – frequency; *% - percentage; *A.Y. - academic year

Table 2 presents the college students responses regarding their perspectives on online
learning. The researchers calculated frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations for
each statement of the perspectives dimension. As shown in Table 2, more than half (68.6%) of the
respondents reported that they cannot study more efficiently with online learning when compared
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 6

to face-to-face learning and more than half (62.8%) of the respondents didn’t prefer online
learning to face-to-face learning. More than half (62.9%) of respondents agreed that the online
learning mode provides an effective way to explore the educational materials. Less than half
(40%) of the respondents feel comfortable communicating digitally. More than half (54.2%) of
students didn’t consider that completing their group projects and assignments digitally is an easy
task. Less than half (37.2%) of the students disagree that online learning saves time for them.
More than half (54.3%) of the students answered neutral, that online learning enhances
knowledge acquisition. Overall, the respondents disagree with the average of 2.89 to the question
regarding their perspectives on online learning.

Table 2. College students’ responses regarding their perspectives on online learning

Items SD D N A SA
17 10
7 (48.6 (28.6 1
Online learning is more effective than face-to-face learning (20) ) ) (2.9) -
6 16 11
(17.1 (45.7 (31.4 1 1
Online learning is preferred to face-to-face learning ) ) ) (2.9) (2.9)
11 5
2 (31.4 17 (14.3
Online learning enables the effective exploration of educational materials - (5.7) ) (48.6) )
5 15
1 (14.3 (42.9 12 2
Online learning allows for comfortable electronic communication (2.9) ) ) (34.3) (5.7)
6 13 12
(17.1 (37.1 (34.3 3 1
Online learning makes it easier to complete group projects and assignments ) ) ) (8.6) (2.9)
10 10
3 (28.6 (28.6 10 2
Online learning saves time for students (8.6) ) ) (28.6) (5.7)
8 19
2 (22.9 (54.3 4 2
Online learning enhances knowledge acquisition (5.7) ) ) (11.4) (5.7)
Average: 2.89 (Disagree)          
*numbers outside parenthesis = frequency; *numbers inside parenthesis =
percentage
*SD = strongly disagree, D = disagree, N = neutral, A = agree, SA = strongly agree
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 7

Table 3 presents the responses regarding college students’ online learning challenges.
Regarding financial issues, less than (40%) of respondents disagreed that online learning is more
expensive than face-to-face learning, which may result from the cost of internet access and the
equipment and software required for online learning. Less than half (48.6%) of respondents
reported having an unreliable internet connection. Less than half (42.9%) agreed with the
statement E-learning platforms and services are slow. Of the respondents, more than half (51.4%)
reported that they have adequate hardware and software at home for online learning. In terms of
mental health, less than half (40.1%) of the respondents reported having issues. Of the
respondents, less than half (32.4%) reported having a lack of motivation, and more than half
(57.1%) said they experienced difficulties focusing on online learning. Regarding poor time
management skills, less than half (48.6%) of respondents reported that they didn’t face this
challenge. More than half (57.2%) of respondents reported that they were not poor in terms of
ICT skills, and fewer than half (20%) of respondents reported that they had insufficient technical
guidance. None of the respondents reported having technophobia, or most (91.4%) of the
respondents disagreed, a condition that causes people to worry about or not be confident in their
ability to deal with computer hardware and software, and only 3 out of 35 students (8.6%)
responded neutrally. Of the respondents, more than half (57.1%) felt isolated from other learners,
and less than half (34.3%) reported that they experienced a lack of interaction with instructors and
considered the instructor’s feedback to be inadequate. More than half (57.1%) of respondents
answered neutral on the statement that their instructor used an inappropriate teaching strategy. In
terms of the quality of the learning material, more than half (51.4%) of respondents answered
neutral on the statement that they considered it to be lacking. Unsuitable assessment and
evaluation methods were reported by 12 (34.3%) respondents. Over all, the respondents answered
neutral with an average of 3.02 to the question regarding their challenges faced
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 8

Table 3. Online learning challenges faced by college students

Items SD D N A SA
3 11 11 8 2
Online learning is more expensive than face-to-face learning (8.6) (31.4) (31.4) (22.9) (5.7)

2 10 6 12 5
The internet connection is unreliable (5.7) (28.6) (17.1) (34.3) (14.3)
3 7 10 14 1
E-learning platforms and services are slow (8.6) (20) (28.6) (40) (2.9)

4 14 13 4
Adequate hardware and software for online learning are not available in my house (11.4) (40) (37.1) (11.4) -
3 6 12 9 5
I have mental health issues (e.g., anxiety, stress) that affect my online learning (8.6) (17.1) (34.3) (25.8) (14.3)
2 9 13 7 4
I am not motivated to learn online (5.7) (25.8) (37.1) (20) (11.4)

1 3 11 14 6
I cannot focus in an online learning environment and cannot avoid distractions (2.9) (8.6) (31.4) (40) (17.1)

3 14 9 9
I have poor time management skills, which affect my online learning capabilities (8.6) (40) (25.8) (25.8) -

5 15 11 4
I have poor ICT skills, which affect my online learning (14.3) (42.9) (31.4) (11.4) -

1 7 20 6 1
The technical assistance offered is not adequate (2.9) (20) (57.1) (17.1) (2.9)
I have technophobia (a fear or dislike of advanced technology), which affects my online 14 3
learning 18 (51.4) (40) (8.6) - -
1 5 9 14 6
The isolation of students in online education affects my learning (2.9) (14.3) (25.8) (40) (17.1)

1 6 16 10 2
The instructor’s interaction and feedback are inadequate (2.9) (17.1 (45.8) (28.6) (5.7)

8 20 5 2
The teaching strategies that are used are not appropriate - (22.9) (57.1) (14.3) (5.7)
1 11 18 5
The learning material is poor quality (2.9) (31.4) (51.4) (14.3) -
7 16 8 4
The assessment and evaluation methods are not suitable - (20) (45.7) (22.9) (11.4)
Average: 3.02 (Neutral)          
*numbers outside parenthesis = frequency; *numbers inside parenthesis = percentage
*SD = strongly disagree, D = disagree, N = neutral, A = agree, SA = strongly agree
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 9

DISCUSSION

This research study aimed to reveal the perspectives of college students and the challenges
they faced with regard to online learning. Specifically, it described; (1) the demographic profile
of the participants in terms of their age, year level, gadgets or devices used, academic average
grade and achievement(s) from academic year 2021-2022, (2) described the participants’
perspective on online learning, and (3) described the participants’ online learning challenges
faced.

Regarding the demographic profile of the thirty- five (35) participants who took part in the
research study, their average age is 21.7 (in years; SD of 2.39). The majority of the participants
used desktop/laptop as their gadgets in online class set up and more than half of them also used
smartphones. The majority of the participants got 1-1.7 as their academic grade average. Less
than half of them, participants, achieved the dean's list award.

Based on the results, less than half agreed with the statement that E-learning platforms
and services are slow, contradicting that E-learning tools have played a crucial role during this
pandemic, helping schools and universities facilitate student learning during the closure of
universities and schools (Subedi et al., 2020).

In terms of the internet connection that they used during online classes, less than half
reported having an unreliable internet connection. These findings are in line with those made by
(Farooq et al., 2020) and (Xhelili et al., 2021), who discovered that one of the biggest problems
students’ faces is internet connectivity.

Less than half reported having a lack of motivation and more than half said they
experienced difficulties focusing on online learning. In an online learning environment,
Motivation has been identified as a key element in learning, in creating and sustaining a sense of
community, and in accomplishing desired objectives (Hartnett, 2016).

More than half felt isolated from other learners and less than half reported that they
experienced a lack of interaction with instructors and considered the instructor’s feedback to be
inadequate.
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 10

Conclusion

With this research paper, the results are based only on students’ perspectives and
challenges in an online class. Based on the results, the following conclusions are offered:

 The majority of participants’ answer was neutral. Indicating that, from their perspectives,
online learning is not effective.
 The majority of the participants’ answer on the challenges they faced in the online
learning was neutral. Indicating that they prefer both face-to-face and online learning
equally.
 Online learning had its own challenges, such as slow e-learning platforms and services,
distractions, and a feeling of being isolated.

Recommendations

With all of these submissions, the following are recommended:

 The institution should ensure that students avoid challenges in the online environment to
make it more effective such as having an orientation among the students with regards to
the effectiveness of online learning environment.
 The institution is encouraged to have training with regards to the E-learning platforms
and services that the teachers use.
 Using educational tools that can help students focus in an online learning environment to
avoid possible distractions that can make students lose motivation.
 The problem in terms of unreliable internet connection, the institution is encouraged to
provide registered students with free internet packages.
1.
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 11

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263-266.pdf

Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to online education in schools during a
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), 10.
https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937

Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crises. Journal of
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Farooq, F., Rathore, F. A., & Mansoor, S. N. (2020). Challenges of online medical
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Gauman, P. (2020). Advantages And Disadvantages of Online Learning.

https://elearningindustry.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-online-learning

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Motivation in online education (pp. 5–32). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10- 0700-
2_2

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%3Dihub

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Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case from the University of Jordan
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1292899.pdf

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Subedi, S., Nayaju, S., Subedi, S., Shah, S. K., & Shah, J. M. (2020). Impact of e-learning
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 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 13

Appendices

Appendix A: Profile Form

1. Age: _________________

2. Year level: ⃣ 1
⃣ 2
⃣ 3
⃣ 4

3. Devices used: ⃣ desktop/laptop

⃣ tablet
⃣ smartphone
⃣ other devices: __________

4. Academic grade average from __________________

academic year 2021 - 2022: __________________

5. Academic achievements from __________________

academic year 2021 - 2022: __________________

Note. Fill in the blanks and mark the answer with a check ().

Appendix B: Instrument
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 14

College students scale questionnaire regarding their perspectives on online learning. On each
items choose your answer and put a check () on each quadrant below the choices SD, D, N, A,
SA.
No. Statements SD D N A SA

Online learning is more effective than face-

1.
to-face learning

2. Online learning is preferred to face-to-face

learning

3. Online learning enables the effective

exploration of educational materials

4. Online learning allows for comfortable

electronic communication

5. Online learning makes it easier to complete

group projects and assignments

6. Online learning saves time for students

7. Online learning enhances knowledge

acquisition

Note. SD: strongly disagree, D: disagree, N: neutral, A: agree, SA: strongly agree.
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 15

Online learning challenges faced by college students. On each item choose your answer and put a
check () on each quadrant below the choices SD, D, N, A, SA.

No. Statements SD D N A SA

Online learning is more expensive than face-to-

8.
face learning

9. The internet connection is unreliable

10. E-learning platforms and services are slow

11. Adequate hardware and software for online

learning are not available in my house

12. I have mental health issues (e.g., anxiety, stress)

that affect my online learning

13. I am not motivated to learn online

14.
I cannot focus in an online learning
environment and cannot avoid distractions

15. I have poor time management skills, which

affect my online learning capabilities

16.
I have poor ICT skills, which affect my online
learning

17. The technical assistance offered is not adequate

18. I have technophobia (a fear or dislike of

advanced technology), which affects my online
learning

19. The isolation of students in online education

affects my learning

20. The instructor’s interaction and feedback are

inadequate

21. The teaching strategies that are used are not

appropriate

22. The learning material is poor quality

 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 16

23. The assessment and evaluation methods are not

suitable

Note. SD: strongly disagree, D: disagree, N: neutral, A: agree, SA: strongly agree.

Appendix C:
INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Research title: PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN

ONLINE CLASS DURING PANDEMIC

Purpose and conduct of study

I, Harvey D. Alfonso, Researcher, a grade 11 seminarian of Mother of Good Counsel Seminary,
is conducting a study regarding opportunities and threats during pandemic on academic.

Participants’ Information
Once you decide to participate in this research study, you will be asked by the researcher for your
time to fill up the profile form and the research instrument. You will be asked for your personal
information on the profile form such as age, gender and grade level. While on the research
instrument, you will be asked to fill up the check list of opportunities and threats statements about
the online learning set up experiences. The data and information will be collected and to be used
by the researcher.

Researcher’s contact
If you have questions or concerns regarding the study, you may contact and ask the researcher,
Harvey D. Alfonso at 0935 0555 873/0970 167 4608 or at Gmail; harveyalfonso04@gmail.com.

Voluntariness of participants
Participating in this study and giving personal information is voluntary. Participants can
withdraw their participation in this research study anytime.
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 17

CONSENT FORM
I had the opportunity to read, understand and ask questions about the information provided. I am
aware that my participation is voluntary and I can withdraw at any time for free without
explaining why. I agree to voluntarily participate in this study.

Participants Name and Signature: _______________________________

Date: _______________

Researcher’s Name and Signature: _______________________________

Date: _______________
RESEARCHER’S STATEMENT

I, the researcher, have informed the participant and explained the purpose of this study. I hereby
prove that, to the best of my knowledge and beliefs, participants have a clear understanding of
the nature of the study, the risks of related participation, and the benefits. I was given the
opportunity for participants to ask questions related to the survey and clarify the issues, and to
the best of my knowledge and beliefs, all the questions and issues raised were answered correctly
and appropriately. Prove that.

Researcher’s Name and Signature: _______________________________

Date: _______________
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 18

Appendix D: Letter of Permission (for the participants)

A letter of permission to the participants:

January 11, 2022 Dear

Participants,
Greetings!

The undersigned a grade 11 student and currently conducting a research study entitled Perspective
and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic. This research study aims
to describe the perspective and challenges of college students during pandemic in online class set
up.

With this may I respectfully invite you to take part in this research as participants? Rest assured
that data collected will be treated with utmost confidentiality.

Sincerely,

Harvey D.
Alfonso
Researcher

Thank you very much!

 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 19

Appendix E: Letter of Permission (for the school)

A letter of permission to Rev. Fr. Aljim Tuazon, the Dean of Studies of the Philosophy
Department:

January 11, 2022

Greetings, Rev. Fr. Tuazon!

The undersigned a grade 11 student and currently conducting a research study entitled
Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic. This
research study aims to describe the perspectives and challenges of college students during
pandemic in online class set up.

With this may I be allowed to include random students from the philosophy department of
Mother of Good Counsel Seminary to take in the research study as participants. Rest assured that
the data collected will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.

Thank you very much. If you have any concerns, you may reach the researcher through mobile
number 0935-055-5873 and email address harveyalfonso04@gmail.com.

Sincerely,

Harvey D. Alfonso
Researcher
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 20

Appendix F: Letter of Permission (for the validator)

A letter of permission to the Validator:

January 11, 2022

Dear Validator,

Greetings!

The undersigned a grade 11 student and currently conducting a research study entitled
Perspective and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic. This research
study aims to perspectives and challenges of college students during pandemic in online class set
up.

With this may I respectfully seek your help to check the research instruments that I will use to
gather data? Rest assured that all your recommendations, clarifications, and corrections will be
noted properly. If you have any concerns, you may reach the researcher through mobile number
0935-055-5873 and email address harveyalfonso04@gmail.com.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Harvey D. Alfonso
Researcher
 Perspectives and Challenges of College Students in Online Class During Pandemic | 21

Appendix G: About the Author

The author of this research paper, Harvey D. Alfonso, is currently

studying at Mother of Good Counsel Seminary, City of San Fernando,
Pampanga. He is currently in the twelfth grade at senior high school. He
graduated from junior high school in 2021 at Don Jesus Gonzales High
School, Mexico, Pampanga. He studied a minicourse in technical
drafting during junior high school at the said school.