Said, Hassan Christopher Dunn

Last Name, First Name Lab Instructor

11/28/22 11/10/22 5:30 PM
Date Lab Day Lab Start Time

Act B4 Properties and Relationships of Gases

Lab Report
During the lab you collected both qualitative and quantitative data on the properties of a gas. In the following you
will examine the data you collected during the lab and complete an analysis.

PART I: The Relationship between Temperature and Volume in an Ideal Gas Simulation

Using the Phet Gas Properties simulation, you collected data to explore the relationship between temperature and
volume in an ideal gas. You moved slider to change its temperature.
1. Two variables are held constant in this experiment. Identify them. Briefly explain how you know that these are
the controlled variables.
Variable 1:Pressure Variable 2: Gas particles
2. Construct a scatterplot for all the data in Act B4 Part I with Collisions in 10 ns as the independent variable and
Pressure in atm as the dependent variable. Paste your Excel graph below.

Chart Title
12

10

0
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

3. Which term best describes the relationship between the number of collisions per 10 ns and pressure in atm,
direct, inverse, constant or independent? Briefly explain how the data indicates the term you selected.
Well the relationship is constant because no matter the number of collisions, the pressure is kept constant.
4. Use the Act B4 Class Data File for Part I to construct a scatterplot with the Temperature (K) as the independent
variable and Volume-Width (nm) as the dependent variable. Paste your Excel graph below.

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Temperature vs Volume-Width
16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

5. Which term best describes the relationship between temperature and volume of an ideal gas, direct, inverse,
constant or independent? Briefly explain how the data indicates the term you selected.
The relationship of temperature and volume-width is a constant linear relationship.

6. Identify the gas law that corresponds to these data.

Charles’ Law is the gas law that corresponds to these data.

7. Use your graph to predict the volume- width (nm) that the gas will occupy if the temperature is 100 K. You may
indicate your prediction on the graph or show a calculation.

Temperature vs Volume-Width
16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

At 100k, the volume-width will be around 3.8 nm

PART II: The Relationship between Pressure and Volume in an Ideal Gas Simulation

Using the Phet Gas Properties simulation, you collected data to explore the relationship between volume and
presssure in an ideal gas. You moved the handle on the container of gas to change its volume.
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8. Two variables are held constant in this experiment. Identify them. Briefly explain how you know that these are
the controlled variables.

Variable 1: Temperature Variable 2: Gas particles

9. Construct a scatterplot for all the data in Act B4 Part II with Volume-Width(nm) as the independent variable and
Pressure in atm as the dependent variable. Paste your Excel graph below.

Volume-width vs Pressure
14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0

10. Use the graph to describe how the pressure changes if the volume-width (nm) increases or decreases. Is the plot
linear?
As the volume-width increases, the pressure decreases. The graph is not linear.

11. Construct a scatterplot for all the data in Act B4 Part II with the reciprocal of Volume-Width (nm) or 1/Volume-
Width(nm) as the independent variable and Pressure in atm as the dependent variable. Paste your Excel graph
below.

1/Volume-width vs Pressure
14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22

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12. Does the graph indicate a linear relationship? If so, use the trendline function in Excel to determine the equation
of the trendline.
Yes it is linear, the equation is y=0.0287x + 1.5324

PART III: The Relationship between Mass and Volume in an Ideal Gas

Analyze the complete data set in the class file from Part III to determine number of observations (i.e., number of
data rows) with a mass of magnesium in a given range.

13. Number of complete data sets collected for Part III: 2

14. Provide the value for the smallest and the largest experimental volume of gas collected within that range of
mass. Calculate the average volume of gas collected within each mass range.

Table 1. Experimental Volume of Gas, VExpt, as a function of mass of Mg

Smallest Experimental Largest Experimental Average Experimental
Range in Mass of Mg Number of
Volume of Gas Volume of Gas Volume of Gas
(±0.0001 g) Observations
(±0.05 mL) (±0.05 mL) (±0.05 mL)
0.0040 – 0.0080 43 1.80 6.7 4.63
0.0081 – 0.0120 55 5.98 10.8 8.68
0.0121 – 0.0160 34 9.88 15.6 12.38
0.0161 – 0.0200 32 13.50 21.5 15.94

15. Use a graphing program (e.g., Excel) to plot the complete set of data from Part III. Plot the dependent variable
(y-axis) versus the independent variable (x-axis) using the complete data set. Attach this graph to your lab report.
Be sure to properly label your graph.

Mass of Mg vs Gas in buret

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200 0.0250

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16. For one of your samples of magnesium, use the balanced chemical equation to convert the mass of magnesium
to the number of moles of hydrogen gas evolved, n H2. Use the ideal gas law to convert n H2 to the volume of
hydrogen gas produced, VIdeal Assume that the temperature of the gas inside the buret is equal to room
temperature (Tgas = Troom) and the pressure of the gas inside the buret is equal to atmospheric pressure in the
room (Pgas = Patm). Show your work.
0.0172 g of Mg to moles= 0.00071 moles.

17. Compare the relative difference of the experimental volume of gas, V Expt, to the theoretical volume of gas, VIdeal,
predicted by the Ideal Gas law for your sample of magnesium. Select the statement that applies to this sample.

X VExpt > VIdeal VExpt < VIdeal VExpt = VIdeal (within ±0.05 mL)

You can further describe the data collected in Part III by determining the number of observations (i.e., rows of data)
in which VExpt was different from VIdeal to within 0.05 mL.

18. Complete the following table to analyze the complete set of data collected in Part III; determine both the
number of observations and percent of observations for each value of the variable.

Table 2. Comparison of Volumes of Gas, VExpt and VIdeal, in Part III Data
Variable: Comparison of VExpt to VIdeal Number of Observations Percent of Observations

VExpt  > VIdeal 14 9%

VExpt < VIdeal 89 54%

VExpt = VIdeal  (within ±0.05 mL) 59 36%

19. Based on the class data, is VExpt consistently different from the predicted value, VIdeal? Describe the pattern in the
data.
The ideal V of gas collected is greater than the expected 54% of the obser

Experimental data may not match predicted outcomes based on theoretical relationships, such as stoichiometry
calculations that involve the ideal gas law, for a number of reasons.

20. For the following potential sources of error in the methods used in Part III, determine how the error would
impact VExpt (i.e., values would be too large, too small, or not changed).

Errors in VExpt:
Error #1: IF the gas inside the buret was not cooled to room temperature before measuring volume
THEN Tgas > Troom
AND the impact on data: VExpt would be ☐ too large ☐ too small ☐ not changed

Error #2 The buret is positioned in the beaker of water such that the water level inside of the buret is equal to the
water level in the beaker because
☐ Pg>Patm ☐ Pg=Patm ☐ Pg<Patm
IF the buret is NOT positioned such that the water level inside of the buret is equal to the water level in the beaker,
THEN the impact on data is that
VExpt measured is: ☐ only too large ☐ only too small ☐ either too large or too small

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Error #3: The gas inside the buret consisted of water gas, H 2O, and hydrogen gas, H2, not just H2.
IF PH2 = Patm - PH2O, The actual value of PH2 ☐is less than or ☐is greater than Patm.
VExpt would be: ☐ larger ☐ smaller ☐ not changed

21. The pattern in the outlier data have values for VExpt which are consistently:
☐ too large ☐ too small ☐ there is no pattern

22. Which of the errors described above is important in terms of explaining why VExpt is different from VIdeal?
☐ Error #1 ☐ Error #2 ☐ Error #3

23. Which of the errors described above is least important in terms of explaining why VExpt is different from VIdeal?
☐ Error #1 ☐ Error #2 ☐ Error #3

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PART II: The Relationship between Temperature and Volume in an Ideal Gas- Gas Law Apparatus
24. Plot a graph of the data collected by your group. The independent variable is plotted on the x-axis with an
appropriate scale and units of measure. The dependent variable is plotted on the y-axis with an appropriate scale
and units of measure.
Paste your graph here.

25. Compare and contrast the data for volume and temperature of a gas collected in the simulation and using the
Gas Law Apparatus.

26. Convert the temperature values from Celsius to Kelvin. Plot a graph of the data collected by your group. The
independent variable is plotted on the x-axis with an appropriate scale and units of measure. The dependent variable
is plotted on the y-axis with an appropriate scale and units of measure.
Paste your graph here.

27. Compare and contrast the data for volume and temperature of a gas collected in the simulation and using the
Gas Law Apparatus with temperature in Kelvin units.

28. Circle the statement that BEST describes the relationship between volume and temperature in an ideal gas.
Directly proportional Inversely proportional Constant Independent

29. Explain why you circled the relationship in the question above.

PART II: The Relationship between Pressure and Volume in an Ideal Gas- Gas Law Apparatus
30. For the data collected during the lab instructor demonstration, plot a graph of the volume in mL of gas in the
syringe as the independent variable and the pressure + added water volume as the dependent variable.
Paste your graph here.

31. Circle the statement that BEST describes the relationship between pressure and volume in an ideal gas.
Directly proportional Inversely proportional Constant Independent

32. Consider the Phet simulation of the pressure-volume relationship in an ideal gas. Use your observation of
average collisions per 10 ns to explain why the pressure-volume relationship corresponds to your choice for the
question above.