0011.805113

1 Lösungen Topic 1
Lösungen/Lösungsvorschläge
Topic 1 p. 6–13
1 Shades of meaning convention
a) Lösungsvorschlag
conventionally unconventionally
obsessively unconventional
quirk
to be obsessed to quirk
obsessive
quirkily
quirky
to obsess
obsession
to predict queue
prediction
predictable queuing to queue

unpredictable
unpredictably weird wittiness
bizarreness wit
eccentricity
bizarre
witty
extraordinary wacky
extraordinarity
whim
extraordinariness
nuisance
whimsical
flamboyantly
lavishly lavish
whimsy
flamboyance flamboyant
to lavish
individualistic
outrageousness individually
individuality
outrageous outrage
individual
rage
to rage
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2 Lösungen Topic 1
b) 1. peculiar; 2. bizarre; 3. wacky; 4. whimsical; 3. How can you stomach a second helping of that?
5. quirky; 6. witty; 7. obsessive Whatever it is, it looks absolutely disgusting.
4. People shouldn’t condemn eccentricity,
c) –
especially if they don’t grasp its meaning.
5. Our events do not pose a threat to spectators
2 Paraphrasing
though we can’t guarantee you won’t die of
1. Some people just don’t have the vaguest idea of
laughter!
what being eccentric means!
6. You can have a great, wacky time here. Just
2. The Underground is often susceptible to un-
check our website for which rabbit holes to go
predictable changes. Yet travellers may vent
down.
their anger with a joke.
3 Understanding the text

a)
name country of origin/ place of residence key points regarding their identity
ethnic background
Audrey Ferrand Scottish; married Stirling, – considers herself British first, then Scottish
to a Frenchman Scotland – the Scottish side has a stronger feel to it
– proud of being Scottish
Colin Barlow British Kent – fears loss of identity
– less pride in being British
– politeness is disappearing a bit and people
are getting a bit more aggressive
Helder Lopez Portugal Thetford, Norfolk – considers himself British
– children are bilinguals
– He would be happy if his children took an
oath of allegiance to Britain.
David McQueen Born in London; London – identifies his nationality as British
British passport; – loves British sports, countryside and culture
parents from the – proud of his British education
Caribbean – keen to trade with but not to be dictated to
by the EU
– supports migration control
– does not support monarchy
Alan in Dyfed Welsh Wales – wants to ascertain Welsh identity by aboli-
shing English place names where they are
crude derivations of an original Welsh name
and objecting to regional status: Wales is a
nation
– ‘Cymru’ may be used to replace ‘Wales’.
– One should identify oneself as Welsh, rather
than British.
John Anglo-Irish England – does not want Ireland to re-join the Com-
monwealth
– wants the UK to get out of it
– the common denominators between UK and
Ireland are the EU and the shared history
and geographic position  close relationship
between the two countries
3 Lösungen Topic 1
b) – 5. anaphora – one or more words are repeated at

c) Lösungsvorschlag the beginning of successive clauses or
I sympathise most with Helder Lopez because he sentences: We have to support the […].
considers himself British due to the long period he We have to support […]. (lines 34– 35)
has been living in that country. However, he has not 6. assonance – identical vowel sounds in two or
forgotten his Portuguese origins as he is a member more words: read headlines (line 22);
of the Portuguese community in his city. I approve investment, education, health (line 53)
of the fact that his children are bilingual which may
give them a great advantage in life and leave them b) The stylistic devices give strength to certain
free to choose their own identity. words thus raising the audience’s attention. They
also show that certain aspects are related and
4 Creative writing help with the listener’s orientation (alliteration,
a) – e) Individuelle Lösung assonance, anaphora). Metaphors and personifica-
tions are used to make abstract ideas clearer and
5 Words in context to support the audience’s understanding. Using
1. supporting; 2. devastating menace; 3. relieving; understatements makes the audience feel more
4. erasing; 5. boasted about; 6. imperfection; sympathy for the speaker.
7. openly disregard
8 Dealing with poems
6 Text form and structure a) religion: Great Pan, gods, sacred, sin, Sarasvati,
a) Words and phrases indicating that the text was soul
intended as a lecture: I have chosen to speak to learning: book (paper, pages), learn, language
you (line 1), Let me just touch (line 10), so let us talk
later (line 11), Question & Answer session part 1: l. 1 – 14, part 2: l. 15 – 25; The first part is
(lines 11 – 12), lecture (line 12), let me start (line 13). about respect for religion, nature and books; the
Phrases which help to structure the text: On the second part is about oppressed language and the
one hand (line 3), on the other hand (line 7), Let conqueror’s torturing the individual and also about
me just touch (line 10), Let me start by (line 13), I the present day situation.
have two answers (line 30), first (line 30), second
(line 34), finally (line 38). b) Part 1: Everyone should respect people’s thoughts
and religion. – God and the people are only free in
b) Defining some 21st century challenges (line 1 – 12); India. – Animals and plants are sacred.
Democracy: a key challenge and its negative and Part 2: Language is powerful. – It’s a threat to
positive aspects (line 13 – 29); Creed for facing people’s culture if they are forced to speak an
the key challenge (line 30 – 43); How the Common- imposed language.
wealth faces the key challenge (line 44-49);
The links between democracy and development 9 Words in context
(line 49 – 54) 1. nervous (line 7) ; 2. harshly (line 15);
3. loosened (line 10); 4. to castigate (line 16);
7 Style 5. insolent (line 17); 6. forbidden (line 23);
a) 1. alliteration – repetition of a sound at the begin- 7. ashamed (line 41); 8. monotonous (line 45);
ning of successive words: digital divide (line 9) 9. implicated (line 64); 10. fluently (line 73)
2. understatement – expresses less emphasis than
would be expected: I shall perhaps raise more 10 Understanding the text
questions than I answer. (line 10– 11); Democracy a) ‘My son the fanatic’ is told by a third-person narra-
isn’t easy […] (line 30): You’d expect something tor. In the excerpt a conversation between Bettina
like “Democracy is extremely difficult to attain”. and Parvez is presented. The focus shifts to Parvez
3. metaphor – comparison of two words/ideas who reports the event from his point of view. The
without a word of comparison: Because it is food reader gets an insight into Parvez’s feelings and
on the table […] (line 52) thus sympathises with the protagonist.
4. personification – technique of presenting ani-
mals, objects, abstract ideas, etc. as if they were b) 1. nervous; 2. patient; 3. disgusted; 4. furious;
human: Africa owns it; cares for it; and wants it 5. calm; 6. understand his son
to mature (lines 27– 28): Africa is personified
4 Lösungen Topic 1/2
11 Creative writing b) Lösungsvorschlag

a) – c) Individuelle Lösung The photo tells a story and makes the reader
use his or her imagination. The outlines of the
12 Language in context buildings in the background are not so defined, as
a) 1. Sit down, please. if they run into each other, making the background
2. I’m talking about look dreamlike; the buildings seem to overlap.
3. say sorry The colours are very unusual and are contrasted
4. Why? in blocks and the source of light is exaggerated,
5. has declined/got less casting an unrealistic light on the scene as well as
6. were not that enthusiastic weird shadows. The perspective: If a person was
7. has another point of view watching the scene and taking a photo, you’d think
8. it is necessary to/I have to the people wouldn’t carry on fighting in the open.
b) The language becomes less formal from line 92 15 Working with pictures
onwards because, introduced by the Queen’s a) – b)
question whether Blair was a walker,
the conversation becomes more personal.
Informal words/phrases: I always think these Topic 2 p. 14–17
meetings stand a better chance of succeeding
1 Synonyms
(line 96 – 97); I’ve never been one for sitting around
1. mist (line 1); 2. shoreline (line 5); 3. tongues (line 4);
endlessly (line 105-106); sorts everything out
4. merging (line 6); 5. portrayed (line 21); 6. glimpses
(line 107); Wanted to get rid of me? (line 110 – 111);
(line 76); 7. pelt (line 49); 8. infant (line 71); 9. gentle
I’ve never been hated like that before. … their
(line 22); 10. untamed (line 22); 11. invaluable (line 30);
Queen. Not to make a fuss nor wear one’s heart
12. basking (line 48)
on one’s sleeve (line 115 – 124); You were so young
when you became Queen./I was. A girl. etc. (lines
2 Phrasal verbs
127 – 129)
a) 1. to move in; 2. to relate; 3. to gain; 4. to use;
5. to find by chance; 6. to continue life; 7. to raise;
13 Analysing a film script
8. to appear
a) – c) Individuelle Lösung
b) Lösungsvorschlag
d) In a film the action must be presented by audio-
Two boys were rolling about fighting. The teacher
visual means. In contrast to a novel or short story
told the student off. He had easily taken in the
there is very often no narrator who describes,
new grammar topic. Before we went on holiday,
comments, gives explanations or additional infor-
we drew up a list of places to visit. They had
mation. The background must be presented by the
thought he was dead but then, luckily, he came to
props/outdoor settings and the action must be
in the ambulance. Unwilling to work, he was living
presented by the characters through facial expres-
off his wife. The new law brought about a lot of
sion, gesture and speech. So a film script gene-
complaints. As a teenager he used to show off in
rally consists of stage directions and dialogue. In
order to impress his girlfriend.
addition music is often added to help set the scene
and mood/tone and it also highlights dramatic
c) individuelle Lösung
moments or action.
14 Describing pictures

a) photo, people, foreground, at us, have an
argument/get into a fight/attack each other, black,
blue, orange, eye, a (bright source of) light,
water, scene, buildings/atmosphere, big town/city,
skyscraper, lit up, set, containers, right, cars/
vehicles, aggressive/threatening, the colours, a
stick, defenceless/without a weapon, catch you/
close in on the people/enclose the people/sand-
wich the people in
5 Lösungen Topic 2
3 Describing
shape-shifter between
sad-eyed
seal and human form
dance in the
physical moonlight
appearance wistful cannot be kept
song from the sea when
reunited with her
stunningly selkies
skin
beautiful character and
behaviour
gentle but emerge from the sea

untamed to shed their sealskins
on the rocks; take on
human form
b) Lösungsvorschlag Instead you start a conversation about any kind

Selkies are figures whose existence is woven into of topic and find the right moment to ask your
the folklore of the isles of Orkney, the Shetlands, question. Thus the Irish seem to be friendly and
the Faeroes, Iceland and Ireland. They are descri- communicative people who are interested in
bed as shape-shifters between seal and human people they meet. However, it also seems that
form. They are said to be stunningly beautiful and the Irish do not know their country very well
sad-eyed creatures. Selkie tales relate how these because in the text nobody is able to give the
beings emerge from the sea to shed their sealskin proper descriptions, or maybe the places
on the rocks and take on human form. They dance McCarthy is looking for simply have no
in the moonlight and sing a wistful song which importance to them.
is carried upon the wind. They are described as
gentle but untamed creatures and it is said that 3 On that day the writer encounters two different
a selkie cannot be kept from the sea – neither by people – The Geordie and an elderly woman.
chains nor by love – once reunited with her skin. The first encounter takes place at the birthplace
of Michael Collins, a republican hero. McCarthy
4 Understanding the text merely wants to chat with the simple Irish
a) 1. The text says that the Bohonagh is located in countryman next door, who then turns out to be
West Cork. McCarthy’s map indicates that it is a Geordie. The Geordie tells McCarthy that he
somewhere just north of the Rosscarberry road, has always felt more at home in Ireland than
within a few miles of the Collins’s house, so on Tyneside where he grew up. The second
McCarthy heads north. The elderly lady mentions encounter takes place in the middle of a cross-
the Dunmanway road. roads where a woman of about sixty has parked
her car. She comes over to McCarthy for a chat
2. The text says that there are many ancient mo- and he wants to ask her the way.
numents, but that the majority are away out of The writer gives about 75 lines to these encoun-
sight on some farmer’s land. Most of them are ters, which is more than one third of the whole
not marked on maps. So it seems that in Ireland text.
you can easily get lost. The text conveys the im-
pression that the Irish are very sociable people. b) Individuelle Lösung
If you want to ask the way in Ireland, it is consi-
dered improper to just ask for the directions.
5 Travel writing December 2009: The Lisbon Treaty comes into force
a) Individuelle Lösung after the last two members of the EU – the Czech
Republic and Poland – ratify it.
b) Except for imagery all of the above elements are
employed in the text.
Examples: Topic 3 p. 18–26
Includes gossipy elements/trivia/personal info –
1 Word building
lines 19–22 and lines 75–77;
a) 1. to portray (line 3); 2. interpretation (line 5); 3.
Personal reflections – lines 16–18;
settler (line 25); 4. depiction (line 15); 5. to achieve
Direct speech – lines 102–107;
(line 19); 6. gathering (line 21); 7. to circle (line 62);
People come to life – lines 87–93;
8. inhabitant (line 33); 9. to associate (line 18); 10.
Uses historical/geographical facts as a backdrop –
competition (line 45); 11. to herd (line 50); 12. to
lines 32–34 and 78–80;
combine (line 26); 13. to develop (line 46); 14. to
Relates personal experience honestly – lines
reduce (line 64); 15. to liberate (line 34); 16. to influ-
108 – 110; Focuses on key aspect of event/travel –
ence (line 27); 17. to confiscate (line 13); 18. attack
lines 29–30 and 52–54;
(line 10); 19. to alternate (line 61); 20. expression
Takes story seriously but tells it humorously – lines
(line 55)
25–27 and lines 97–101
b) interpretation – interpretative, interpretable;
6 Words in context
settlement – settled; circle – circular; association –
1. hailed (line 6) – The council greeted the recent
associated, associative; to compete – competitive;
improvements in local facilities.
combination – combinative, combinable, combina-
2. resounding (line 6) – The party leader got a totally
tory; reduction – reductive, reducible; liberation –
unmistakeable reaction to his speech.
liberal, liberated, liberationalist; influence – influ-
3. endorsement (line 7) – The public’s approval is
ential; confiscation – confiscable, confiscatable,
essential if we are to make a headway.
confiscatory; alternative – alternative; to express –
4. urged (line 12) – Her publishers strongly encoura-
expressive, expressible
ged her to write a sequel.
5. stream-lining (line 17) – Our new machines are
responsible for simplifying processes, thus saving
2 Definitions
time.
a) Lösungsvorschlag (siehe Seite 7)
b) America is a nation where individualism and
7 A fact file
freedom are among the highest values, and the
1972: The Act of Accession is signed in January, per-
drive to push frontiers further is deeply rooted in
mitting Ireland (along with Denmark and the UK) to
American mentality. The cowboy – especially the
join. In a referendum in May 83% of the voters are for
one represented in Western movies – embodies
entering the EEC.
those American ideals. As a lone rider he repre-
sents an individualistic way of life. Exploring new
June 2004: A constitution for the European Union is
territory during the cattle drives, he lives the fron-
drawn up in Brussels, causing much dispute amongst
tier experience and embodies the American spirit
the member countries in the years to come.
to discover new areas. The cowboy working on the
ranch, close to nature, far away from civilization,
June 2008: Ireland, the only country to hold a referen-
stands as a symbol for individual freedom.
dum on the Treaty, decides to reject it because the
An icon is a person, a picture or a symbol that
public are concerned about losing control of impor-
is universally admired and recognized as repre-
tant areas, e.g. taxation, military neutrality, abortion,
senting something.
divorce, etc.
3 Words in context
October 2009: In a second referendum they vote in
1. kindergartner (line 11); 2. grade (line 3); 3. bodega
favour of it because of the bad economic situation the-
(line 12); 4. plaza (line 20); 5. pueblo (line 18); 6. apart-
re. Also, the EU assured the Irish they could make their
ment (line 22); 7. sidewalk (line 36); 8. trash (line 38);
own decisions in the areas which concerned them
9. janitor (line 39); 10. math (line 3)
before the first referendum.
7 Lösungen Topic 3
Lösungsvorschlag zu 2 Definitions a)
vast and dusty larger-than-life listen to Country have never saddled

range Western heroes up or seen a real
live cow up close
cowboy ‘dime store’

lone rider
image cowboys and
cowgirls wear the all
right gear
life on the
frontier
Cowboys and Cowgirls

old Spanish cattle-
ranging techniques go on cattle drives
to railheads
Arabic and ancient
badly paid origins Persian equestrian
culture use pick-up trucks,
job four-wheelers and
today motorbikes, but
mixed ethnicity: semi-nomadic sing to settle also horses
whites, Mexican and life animals
so-called ‘Indian’
inhabitants, former display and test
slaves work on ranches their skills in shows
and competitions
4 Understanding the text b) I think the purpose is to give the reader a better
a) understanding of the problems older immigrants
to the United States face. The behaviour and
Contrasts Comparisons
feelings of the characters are compared to and
The older you are, the His English was worse contrasted with concepts the reader is familiar
younger you get when you than a kindergartner’s. with. The references to babies and children
move to the United States. emphasize the helplessness older immigrants have
to cope with due to their language difficulties.
He got younger. I got So he wandered around
older. the apartment all day,
c) “He would only buy food at the bodega down the
in and out of rooms,
block.” (line 11 – 12)  It seems to be an urban area
talking to himself, just
and there are shopping facilities nearby. Probably,
like a kid in diapers.
a lot of Spanish-speaking immigrants live there.
Tio Juan was the oldest I led him home, holding “[…] there aren’t any plazas here, and if you sit out
man in his pueblo. But his hand, the way you in the public some gang driving by might use you
here he became a little would with a three- for target practice.” (line 20 –21)  The area seems
baby. year-old. to be covered with buildings as there are
no squares. I have the impression that it is a
He’d been a farmer, but He seemed to recognize
dangerous area with a high crime rate. “I finally
here he couldn’t work. them, like old friends.
found him standing in front of the beauty parlor
He’d changed from a baby […]” (line 25 –26)  Again we get the impression
back into a man. of an urban area.
8 Lösungen Topic 3
“I checked the halls on all five floors of the apart- b) –

ment house.” (line 31 –32)  The protagonist lives
in a big apartment house. 6 Text analysis
“He wasn’t in the bodega or the pawnshop.” (line a) exposition: lines 1 – 5; development of action/
32)  The fact that there is a pawnshop indicates conflict: lines 6 – 45; climax: lines 46 – 53; ending:
that it is a relatively poor area, maybe with a high lines 54 – 61
unemployment rate.
b) –
“Two blocks down I spotted it.” (line 35) 
Again we get the impression that the area is
c) short stories: limited number of characters; short
covered with buildings, probably similar to the
time span; one main action; limited places of
protagonist’s apartment house.
action; characters are not fully developed; often
“[…] standing in front of a vacant lot” (line 36) 
open-ended; mostly no exposition: text starts with
There is a vacant lot, so maybe the area is not very
the action itself; special event in the life of the
popular to live in or still under construction.
characters
“[…] he pulled me through the trash and into the
novels: long, fictional prose narrative; plot and
lot.” (line 38)  The mentioning of trash conveys
subplot(s); fully developed characters; descriptive
the impression that it is a dirty area.
parts; often several places of action; often longer
time span
5 A change of perspective
Lösungsvorschlag Features found in ‘Gonzalo’
a) Ever since I had to leave my pueblo in Guatemala, – limited number of characters: Gonzalo, his mother,
I have been feeling very lonely. In this place his father, (his younger brothers, woman at the
everything seems strange to me. It is so different beauty parlor, janitor), Tio Juan
from my pueblo! My home was a rural place where – one main action: Tio Juan’s change in behaviour/
agriculture was very important. Here there are so way of life
many houses and people sometimes do strange – limited places of action: Gonzalo’s neighbourhood
things – just like that woman I saw in that shop – characters are not fully developed: We don’t know
window the other day wearing some strange sort much about their character traits, feelings, past, etc.
of hat. It’s all so confusing! I cannot sit outside in – open ended: We do not know how their life in the
the sunshine as I used to because it is too US will go on. Tio Juan’s problem is only temporari-
dangerous, so I am trapped in this apartment. I ly resolved.
cannot speak the language and that’s why I feel
very isolated. I feel too old to make the effort to 7 Creative Writing
learn it and even if I wanted to, nobody would a) Individuelle Lösung
have the time to teach me. My nephew hangs
around in front of the TV all the time. In my pueblo b) –
the kids don’t have a TV and they do not need
one. They spent their free time playing outside. 8 Paraphrasing
However, Gonzalo can speak English well, at least 1. strangely present; 2. in each case; 3. frighten the hell
that’s what my daughter says, and maybe tele- out of young people; 4. make sure they stay humble;
vision helped him learn the language. The worst 5. which came to; 6. stand out in any way; 7. finally find
thing for me, however, is that I feel useless here. themselves; 8. dangling from a tree; 9. the idea I got of
In my pueblo I was a good farmer with lots of her was of a person; 10. being cheated and mistreated;
experience. As I was the oldest man in the village, 11. way out of danger; 12. and it doesn’t matter how
everybody respected me and asked me for advice.
Here I feel like a burden to my family. On the one 9 Text analysis
hand I would like to go back to Guatemala, but on a) Roughly, one half of the text is narrative, the other
the other hand I want to be with my family. I am half is direct speech. The narrative part gives
very old now and want to spend the rest of my life background information, whereas the part in
near them. They have better job opportunities here direct speech describes an individual’s personal
than they would have in Guatemala and especially reaction to a life performance of Billie Holiday’s
Gonzalo, who speaks English well, will have far song ‘Strange Fruit’. The reader gets more affected
better chances here. I hope that he will make this and feels more personally involved when he or she
country his home and find a good job, but that he is faced with first-hand personal experience than
will never forget his roots. with mere ‘facts and figures’.
9 Lösungen Topic 3
b) non-fictional book c) Not only does Obama use ‚’we’ and ‘(And) that’s
why’ a lot at the beginning of his sentences, he
c) – also often goes on to use an auxiliary verb: we
can’t, we must, we have to. In combination with
10 Text and photo other words that are repeated over and over again
a) Individuelle Lösung (e.g. all nations, America) this leads to the speech
sounding like a sort of chant, the stress on the first
b) – word/words of each sentence for emphasis and
rhythm. The last paragraph is a more concise exa-
11 Opposites mple of longer passages that have this effect. Here
1. affirmation (line 7); 2. courageous (line 11); it sounds almost like Obama is reciting a creed.
3. concrete (line 25); 4. differences (line 33);
5. adversary (line 48); 6. refuses (line 62) 13 Working with pictures
Lösungsvorschlag
12 Text analysis a) desperate, devastation, disastrous, destruction,
a) destroyed, explosion, helplessness, debris, sticky
air, poisonous air, dust, hard to breathe
understatement … less strongly than would be
expected
When looking at the picture I immediately feel the
repetition use of a word or a phrase more people’s shock and helplessness.
than once in a sentence or text
b) –
anaphora one or more words are repeated
at the beginning of successive
c) The photo shows the devastation the attacks on
clauses or sentences
the World Trade Center caused. When looking at
parallelism similarity of structure in a pair or the picture, I immediately feel the people’s shock
series of related words, phrases or and helplessness.
clauses In the foreground you can see two firefighters in
protective clothing and with helmets on, walking
enumeration a list of things
through the dusty debris of the two skyscrapers
metaphor comparison of two words/ideas that were destroyed. They are carrying flashlights
without a word of comparison and their facial expression shows that they are sad,
shocked and exhausted. In the background you can
allusion indirect reference to a person,
detect more firefighters with masks and also se-
event or story
veral fire trucks. Behind this you can see the New
York skyline, against a blue sky. The horizon is hazy
b) from all the dust caused by the attack. The contrast
between the intact skyline and the devastation in
colour stylistic device function
the foreground makes the scene dramatic and also
pink repetition convey a sense of unity bizarre.
among Americans and
all nations d) The mood of the photo can be described as bizarre,
evoking in the viewer a sense of shock, due to the
blue understatement express modesty
wide open space where once buildings stood, and
purple allusion refer to something every all the haze, dust and debris. You simply cannot
American believes in and imagine such a devastated and dusty spot in the
thus gain support heart of a city. And this feeling is heightened by
the contrast between foreground and background.
grey metaphor create strong emotions
red paralellism come to a conclusion
green anaphora emphasis
yellow enumeration pay respect to other
people fighting for peace
10 Lösungen Topic 4
Topic 4 p. 27–33
1 Word webs
to pray prayer
torah
Jews
devotion synagogue
Judaism
faith
Holy Ghost
bible
Muslims
mosque God church
Islam Christianity
holy
Koran religion
Christian
Mohammed
meditation
Buddhism Hinduism
Buddhist karma Hindu
temple gods
nirvana
reincarnation
villagers highly
village community mechanised
dwellers poor isolated
people
situation cut off
inhabitants
traditional villages backward
faith
conscious
small
types town
attitude liberal
caste
conscious group of
open to mud huts
conservative compound
change
b) Lösungsvorschlag 5 Word lists

Muslims pray in a mosque and Christians pray in a a)
church. The bible is the most important book for Chris- rich poor
tians. Isolated villages are often quite traditional. Some
spiritually rich, wholesaler, scarcity, materially
villages are just like small towns, others are merely a
well off, wealth, mammon, poor, foreign exchange
group of huts. There are many poor villages in India.
to spend money, Rolls shortage, poverty, lack
Royce, rich businessman, of new cars, cost, hand
2 Verbs in context
high rise buildings, most carts, poor shanties,
1. take; 2. weigh up; 3. get on with;
expensive property (in the road side stalls, dingy
4. opened the doors to; 5. come from; 6. embrace;
world), high rise properties, shack, overcrowded,
7. aren’t allowed to; 8. set off for;
bribing, booming economy small room
9. is out of the question; 10. be thankful to
b) spiritually rich – spiritually poor; wholesaler –
3 Expressing size or extent
corner shop; well off – poor; wealth – hardship,
a) 1. poor; 2. town; 3. caste conscious;
poverty; to spend money – to save money; high rise
4. carpet-weavers; 5. mechanised; 6. liberal;
buildings – small huts; expensive property – poor
7. respect; 8. corruption; 9. traditional; 10. isolated
shanty; high rise properties – small huts; booming
economy – ailing economy
b) 1. categorically, blatantly poor
scarcity – abundance; materially poor – materially
2. tiny, little town
rich; foreign exchange shortage – foreign exchange
3. rigidly, caste conscious
surplus; poverty – wealth; lack of new cars – abun-
4. mainly, predominantly carpet weavers
dance of new cars; poor shanty, dingy shack –
5. very, extremely mechanised
expensive property; overcrowded – empty; small
6. quite, reasonably liberal
room – big room
7. a great amount of respect
8. total, complete corruption
6 Deducing meaning
9. openly traditional
a) 2. tourist guide: a book that tells tourists where
10. pretty isolated
to go; ‘-ance’ like tolerate/tolerance; guidance:
Führung
c) Lösungsvorschlag
3. dwarf = a very short person; dwarfing: present
incredibly stupid, somewhat interesting, obviously
participle ‘making sb./sth. small’; in this context
pretty, distinctly beautiful, rather nice, exceptional-
it must have a figurative meaning; making sb.
ly smart, …
seem or feel small
b) Individuelle Lösung
a) 1. a powerful and wealthy nation; 2. a desire for
economic power; 3. lost its colonies in America;
c) –
4. strategic bases; 5. East India Company;
6. British Raj; 7. improved transport system;
7 Creative Writing
8. prejudice; loss of land and culture;
a) Individuelle Lösung
9. the two World Wars; 10. 1947;
11. Commonwealth of Nations; 12. 4%
b) –
b) –
8 Definitions
a) An Anglophile is a person who appreciates and is
positively-inclined to English – to the language,
people and culture.
b) a) Papachi; b) pendant; c) dowry; d) ancestors;

e) abandoned; f) litigation; g) billowing; h) sibilant;
i) awe-inspiring
9 Understanding the text matter.

References to the use of a dictionary and to words and ‘Earth Woman’: image of the Earth as forty-six year
their meanings: lines 8 – 12; lines 18 – 25; lines 57 – 60 old woman; it had taken all her life for the earth to
1. Chacko uses a dictionary in order to teach the become what it was; first single-celled organisms
twins the meanings of certain words and show appeared at the age of eleven; first animals only
that, according to the context, words can have appeared when she was forty; when she was over
different meanings. 45, dinosaurs lived on earth; human civilization
2. Chacko seems to have a good command of English began only two hours ago.
knowing different shades of meaning. The purpose of using the images is making ab-
3. As he describes himself as Anglophile, he probably stract concepts easier to grasp. He makes past
wants his niece and nephew to speak English well, history vivid and shows that their memories have
too. Maybe he also wants to show off a bit. been affected by the colonialists. He puts things
4. They have developed affection for it. into perspective of how short human history is.
5. Probably, they speak Malayalam, Standard Hindi
and English. c) “Lines 56, 66 – 68, 88 – 91: By using this kind of
imagery the author wants to hint at Chacko’s
10 Text analysis character traits and state of mind. Chacko likes
a) ‘The History House’ – lines 26 – 53; ‘War of Dreams’ lecturing and using similes and metaphors and it
– lines 53 – 65; ‘Earth Woman’ – lines 66 – 87 does not matter to him in the first place whether
he is listened to or understood.
b) ‘The History House’: history is like an old house at
night; all lamps lit; ancestors whispering inside; 11 Understanding the text
to understand history you must go inside, listen to a) 1. negative; 2. positive; 3. negative; 4. both;
them, look at the pictures and smell the smells; we 5. positive; 6. both; 7. positive
cannot go in because we have been locked out;
we look in through the windows; we see only b) Lösungsvorschlag
shadows and hear a whispering; we cannot “The caste system has been tried and tested from
understand the whispering because our minds time immemorial. It’s nothing to be ashamed of.
have been invaded by a war. We’re not ashamed of our ethnic background, are
‘War of Dreams’: won and lost; very worst sort of we?”
war; captures dreams and re-dreams them;
has made us adore our conquerors and despise c) Lösungsvorschlag
ourselves; prisoners of war; doctored dreams; Dear Sir or Madam,
we belong nowhere; sail unanchored in troubled Thank you very much for attentively reading my article
seas; may never be allowed ashore; sorrows never and for your critical comment to which I would like to
sad enough, joys never happy enough, dreams respond now. You said that the caste system had been
never big enough, lives never important enough to “tried and tested” for a very long time throughout or
history. This is true, but just the fact that it had already
Lösungsvorschlag zu 11 Understanding the text b) existed for a long time does not necessarily make it a
It has advantages
only for the upper castes.
In former times the Times are changing,

castes were defined so India must
differently from today. against modernise.
caste
Movement from Everybody must have

one caste to another the same rights and
was possible. A long existence of something opportunities.
does not necessarily mean that
it is good.
good system. Furthermore, it should not be forgotten Topic 5 p. 34–39

that the caste system based on ancient religious texts
1 Adverbs to replace phrases
was different from the system it developed into. In
a) 1. rapidly; 2. globally; 3. chiefly; 4. extremely; 5. far;
former times it was not impossible to move from one
6. substantially; 7. increasingly; 8. greatly
caste to another. When you say that it has been “tried
and tested” I understand that you think it works out
b) 1. far; 2. greatly; 3. globally; 4. chiefly;
well. Of course the caste system has its advantages –
5. substantially; 6. increasingly
but only for the upper castes, which you probably
are a member of. Those classes of course strengthen
2 Synonyms and opposites
their position as they deny the lower ones any power.
a) 1. associated; 2. myriad; 3. enables; 4. deal;
However, this is not to be accepted as all humans
5. eradication; 6. exceed
must be guaranteed equal rights and opportunities.
Everybody must have the right to improve their situ-
b) 1. past; 2. rapidly; 3. evident; 4. similar; 5. voluntary;
ation and it is not fair that lower castes are oppressed.
6. widest
India has changed a lot over the years and we must
continue to modernise. We cannot keep up an unfair
3 Dealing with songs
system just because it has always been there.
1. allusion – a reference to someone or something
Yours sincerely, A.J. Philip
2. arguments – points/reasons for supporting or
being against a proposed idea
12 Mahatma Gandhi’s timeline
3. contrasted – compared with an opposite
a), b)
4. describe – explain in detail
Porbandar: Gujarat, coast
5. emphasis – stress
caste tradition: Traditionally, Indian society is divided
6. free verse – a poem which follows the normal
into groups of people with different function and
pattern of spoken language
status.
7. juxtaposition – placing two opposites next to each
Natal: Natal is a South African province.
other
apartheid: discrimination of blacks to the extent of
8. language – the words and phrases used in a text or
blacks and whites being clearly separated in society
poem
and everyday life.
9. line – all the words of a text printed side by side
‘swaraj’: This word means self-governance and refers
across a page
to Gandhi’s concept for India’s independence from
10. parody – a text which copies the style of another
foreign domination.
text in a humorous way
‘satyagraha’: ‘Satyagraha’ is a strategy developed by
11. poet – the writer of a poem
Gandhi. It appeals to the opponent’s reason and
12. poetic licence – departure from conventional rules,
conscience through non-violence and soul force
used in poetry
(willingness to bear pain and suffering), thus trying
13. point of view – position, opinion
to gain the opponent’s support.
14. repetition – saying the same word or phrase more
‘Salt March’: March led by Gandhi in order to protest
than once
against the British salt monopoly and salt tax.
15. rhetorical question – question to which the author
Indian National Congress: A major political party,
expects no answer
largest and one of the oldest democratic parties in the
16. satire – a text that ridicules someone or something
world.
17. terms – names, expressions or words used in a
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru: He was the first Indian
special field of knowledge
prime minister and one of the leading figures of the
18. message – what the writer wants to say to the
Indian independence movement.
reader or listener
First Kashmir War: Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 over the
19. title – the heading of a text (book, story, etc.),
region of Kashmir from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of
article or poem
four wars fought between the two newly independent
nations.
4 Internet research
partition: This refers to British India being split up into
a) – d) Individuelle Lösung
two on the basis of religious demographics that led
to the creation of the sovereign states of the Domi-
nion of Pakistan (later Islamic Republic of Pakistan
and People's Republic of Bangladesh) and the secular
Union of India (later Republic of India).
5 Your own poem 9 Words in context

Individuelle Lösung 1. a chance for future success; 2. a field of activity;
3. something that improves or promotes; 4. a way of
6 Understanding the text tackling a problem; 5. an instrument or device;
a) 1. The world seems to be overpopulated and 6. the remainder
ecology destroyed. There is hardly anything left
to eat. 10 Understanding the text
2. He calls himself a criminal because he has 1. Kofi Annan describes the world’s future in negative
contributed to the situation by wasting natural tones because we don’t know the duration and
resources. depths of the financial crisis.
3. Accumulating things seems to be an even worse 2. But he says that if we are brave enough, we will
crime to him. be able to start anew and make the world a better
4. He seems to have a very busy and hectic place to live in.
lifestyle. 3. Mistakes were made in the past by people who
5. He is talking to the readers and keeps their didn’t control financial institutions or recognise
attention by addressing them directly and the risks involved in globalisation.
comparing their lifestyle to his own. 4. The two things we have learnt from the crisis are
6. He sold his superfluous belongings and became that no one country can control world finance and
a friend of the earth. that only through risk control we can make sure
7. He implies that people are hostile to the earth. that all profit from this globalisation.
5. He feels that the G20 still needs to let poorer
b) 1. The world is overpopulated, but the number will countries, who will be affected by their decisions,
be ‘corrected’, as there isn’t enough food and play a role in their discussions.
people are going to die. 6. He goes on to explain that power can no longer lie
2. Trash is like a permanent filling because some of in the hands of rich, developed countries.
it cannot be recycled and remains permanently 7. He feels that the only way to deal with the
on the earth. The rotten tooth stands for the challenges we face is to deal with the vast gap bet-
earth which is damaged to a large extent. ween the haves and the have-nots in this
3. The things that he has accumulated stick to world.
him like filings to a magnet so they, figuratively 8. He also says that we have to turn our attention to
spoken, cover him like fur. the present situation in the daily lives of people in
4. In a napkin dispenser in a restaurant there are the poorest countries.
lots of napkins. Just like a napkin dispenser is 9. The danger must be averted from poorer countries
full of napkins, his glove box is full of tickets for by governments in developed countries continuing
driving too fast. their support through aid programmes.
5. The planet is personified. ‘Tattered’ and ‘blee- 10. At Copenhagen this year they must agree to
ding’ means that it is injured, i.e. very damaged. punish those countries who add to pollution and
6. He compares his life to a ‘slow-rolling glacier climate change.
leaving’ behind ‘detritus’, i.e. things he accumula- 11. It is the duty of the richer countries to reduce their
ted in the course of his life but does not actually own emissions and to help developing countries to
need anymore. reduce theirs.
7. Voluntarily, he puts himself in a situation
without all his possessions and nothing to cling
to – even though it is hopeless.
7 Your own symbol
a) – b) Individuelle Lösung
8 Working with statistics

a) 1. bar chart; 2. pie chart; 3. line chart; 4. pyramid
b) the total health expenditure; percentage; EU; 14;
8.1 per cent; Germany; 10.7; Luxemburg; 5.6; 2000
Topic 6 p. 40–45
1 Travel words
a)
MMW check-in air carrier
machine hi-tech security
manager = full
back- body scanner
scatter airport
travellers
booth travel
screening airport security people

security
officer
full-body passengers
pat down vigilance
b) Individuelle Lösung but are reflected by human skin. The backscatter
uses low-level X-rays instead. They are either
2 Verbs in use absorbed or reflected, depending on the material.
1. subjected; 2. surrender; 3. heightened; 4. entails; Thus they are able to recognise organic material
5. emitted; 6. absorb; 7. detect; 8. store; 9. blurred; and make hidden drugs or explosives visible.
10. bounced
3 Describing a) 1. The problem is that the operation is illegal and
a) getting caught would mean life in jail!
2. But then he realizes that Charlie is a full-grown
millimetre-wave system backscatter
man who had undergone PP.
– produces three- – made of two scanners 3. The story is set in a world in which there are
dimensional image between which the very few children.
on a computer passenger stands 4. So Tarrin is not at all sure if he should undergo
– gives off radio waves sideways PP though Deek seems keen.
– waves go through – two low-level X-rays 5. This operation is called PP after a fictional
cloth but bounce off emitted to get a two- character, a boy who never grows up.
human skin dimensional image 6. Tarrin is a boy who works for Deek, acting as a
– different materials child to a customer for a fee.
either absorb or reflect 7. When they meet a boy called Charlie, Tarrin is
them excited at having someone to play with.
– create a two-dimensio- 8. This imbalance is caused by medicine allowing
nal image people to stay young all their lives.
– can detect organic 9. But Deek says Tarrin shouldn’t worry as he can
material and pick up have an operation to keep him young.
the scatter images of 10. Tarrin is worried about what will happen when
drugs or explosives he grows old.
11. Finally, Charlie warns Terrin never to have PP
done to him.
b) Lösungsvorschlag 12. The other problem is very few children are
The two scanners produce different kinds of being born.
images. Whereas the MMW produces a three-
dimensional image, the one produced by the b) The story is set in a world in which there are very
backscatter is only two-dimensional. The MMW few children. The other problem is very few child-
uses radio waves which can pass through cloth ren are being born. This imbalance is caused by
medicine allowing people to stay young all their c) People do not seem to interact in a very polite way.
lives. Tarrin is a boy who works for Deek, acting The conversation is rather monotonous and not
as a child to a customer for a fee. Tarrin is worried vivid and emotional. Thus the author shows the
about what will happen when he grows old. But desperate situation and boredom among peo-
Deek says Tarrin shouldn’t worry as he can have ple. The consequence of staying forever young is
an operation to keep him young. This operation boredom and the inability to feel joy for a single
is called PP after a fictional character, a boy who moment in time.
never grows up. The problem is that the operation
is illegal and getting caught would mean life in jail! d) Charlie’s background: one of the few people who
So Tarrin is not at all sure if he should undergo PP were born; was kidnapped at the age of ten and
though Deek seems keen. When they meet a boy sold to a rich man, the rich man owned another
called Charlie, Tarrin is excited at having someone child, which was Charlie’s partner; they decided to
to play with. But then he realizes that Charlie is run away together; met an unscrupulous doctor
a full-grown man who had undergone PP. Finally, who suggested that one of them should undergo
Charlie warns Terrin never to have PP done to him. PP and offered them to pay by instalments. Charlie
underwent PP so that they could be partners and
5 Paraphrasing earn their living together.
a) 1. They do not want to let go and desperately try
to stay alive with every possible means. Lösungsvorschlag
2. Something that is not the real thing, just Charlie: Why did you have to tell him how old I am?
a poor copy to create the effect. I feel so lonely. I never have someone to play with.
3. to do something as long as there is an Old man: Don’t be silly. You’re forty-eight.
opportunity Charlie: But I don’t feel like forty-eight and I don’t feel
4. They had integrated into society by wearing like a child either. You have no idea how hard my life is
smart clothes. … trapped in the body of a kid!
5. just right, perfect Old man: Do you really think you have a hard life?
6. from a fairy tale: the owner kills off his goose to Just think about it, you’ll never die and even better –
get all the eggs at once; the goose is then dead you will stay forever young! You’ll never have to watch
and can no longer lay any eggs your body grow weaker and weaker just like I do.
7. If you live off somebody, you should treat him Charlie: Oh, I wish I could die someday!
well. Old man: How can you say something like that after
8. You’d be the most interesting and popular all I’ve done for you? I could have had the PP myself
person in town. but I sacrificed my chance of immortality for your sake.
One of us had to grow up and take care of
b) – everything and it was me who shouldered this
burden.
6 Text analysis Charlie: For my sake? After all, it’s me who earns our
a) A: lines 1 – 70; B: lines 71 – 127 money acting as a child for some lonely person day
In part A we get an insight into Tarrin’s thoughts after day. Oh, how happily I would swap places with
and feelings as the focus lies on him. Part B mainly you. Do you have any idea how humiliating it is never
consists of a quick dialogue between Deek and the being taken seriously and always being treated as a
old man. silly child? And there’s no end in sight. This will just go
on and on forever. And what will happen to me when
b) Tarrin is a boy who belongs to Deek and works you die? I will be all alone then, unable to trust
for him. Before that he belonged to a rich man anybody because if somebody finds out that I had
but Deek won him in a card game. Tarrin has no the PP I will spend the rest of my life in prison, which
parents, or at least he does not know who they will be a very long time as you know.
are. As there are not many children around now, Old man: Well, I didn’t force you to have the operation
he doesn’t often meet a playmate. He is worried done. It was your choice alone. Remember how excited
about his future and does not know what will hap- you were about the prospect of staying young forever?
pen when he grows up. He is afraid that even Deek Charlie: You’re right, and that’s why I warned that little
will get tired of him. Although PP is tempting to boy we’ve just met. It’s too late for me now but I hope
him, he is not sure whether he wants to undergo that he’ll take the right decision and never have the
the operation. PP.
7 Definitions 8. It is particularly advantageous because they will

1. be one of a kind, stand alone; 2. multifunctiona- not be rejected by the patient’s organism as they
lity, adaptability; 3. escaped, evaded; 4. in the end, are identical to his or her own cells.
eventually; 5. gathered, taken; 6. raising, increasing; 9. Critics protest about the human embryos destro-
7. refused, turned down; 8. discovering, deciphering; yed in the process.
9. think up, invent; 10. persuade, encourage; 11. real, 10. The author suggests a therapy that only uses
authentic adult cells because it would be ethically more
acceptable.
8 Odd one out
a) 1. genetics; 2. stem cells; 3. patient; 4. therapy; 10 Words in context
5. findings; 6. diabetes; 7. Nature today Review a: combined – crossed; fun fair – amusement
park; basic – primal
b) 1. Tissue, skin and nerve belong to the body where- Review b: clear – distinct; urgent – pressing;
as genetics is a field of scientific research. film – flick; cloudy confusion – obfuscation
2. Stem cells are cells that can develop into any Review c: powerful – potent; topicality – currency;
other kind of cells, such as brain cells, skin cells dispensable – disposable; hide – obscure
and liver cells. Review d: considered – mused; disquieting –
3. A patient is a sick person, whereas a professor, a disturbing
researcher and a scientist are people who study Review e: sign – indication; individualised – personali-
and investigate. sed; upper crust – privileged
4. A therapy can help to cure an injury, a disease or Review f: instead – rather; picked – harvested
damaged organs. Review g: residents – inhabitants; extract – glean;
5. Diabetes is an illness whereas the other terms population – populace
are connected with genetics.
6. ‘Nature today’ is the name of a journal whereas 11 Understanding the text
the other terms are connected with the name of a) Lösungsvorschlag
the gene.
positive negative
9 Understanding the text plenty of thrills non-interactive video
1. They have discovered which ingredient makes it game demo crossed with
possible for stem cells to develop into any kind of an amusement ride park
tissue in the human body.
looks and sounds good nothing else
2. The author considers this a major breakthrough
in medicine because any cell of the human body intellectual thriller satisfies only the most
could be converted into a stem cell and then primal level
grown into any tissue or organ needed to replace
remarkable amount of
damaged ones.
respect for the dignity
3. They observed that sometimes the brain cell
of human life
turned into a stem cell.
4. They boosted levels of a gene inside the stem cells potent message
and repeated the experiment.
undeniably fun
5. The results showed that all cells fused with a stem
cell boosted with this gene turned back into stem quite disturbing
cells.
makes you think about it
6. Nanog is a gene that sets off a cascade of complex
biological machinery which makes the cell convert series of discoveries
into a stem cell. It begins to influence human
b) plenty of thrills, intellectual thriller, potent
development on the third day of life.
message, quite disturbing, series of discoveries
7. They hope to be able to take skin cells from ill
people, expose them to Nanog and thus convert
c) – d) Individuelle Lösung
them into stem cells. Then they could grow them
into the required replacement cells and transplant
them.
12 Creative writing b) Orwell contrasts the dirt and decay with the
a)) Lösungsvorschlag building of the Ministry of Truth, which is “start-
lingly different from any other object in sight” (l.11).
hideous disgusting In contrast to the colourless, run-down buildings
of London it is made of “glittering white concrete”
(l.13).
tremendous
nauseous repugnant
c) Winston does not feel comfortable being observed
all the time and tries to avoid the telescreen.
“Winston kept his back to the telescreen. It was
awful appalling safer, though, as he well knew, even a back was
terrible
revealing” (l. 86 – 88). He is unhappy about living in
this dirty and run-down city and tries to remem-
shocking abhorrent ber if it has always been like that, but he can’t.
“He tried to squeeze out some childhood memory
dreadful that should tell him whether London had always
been like this. […] But it was no use, he could not
remember: nothing remained of his childhood ex-
ghastly horrible cept a series of bright-lit tableaux […]” (l. 93 – 108).
The weather is cold and windy, so that the dust
and the rubbish get agitated. “Outside […] the
world looked cold. Down the street little eddies
terrific of wind were whirling dust and torn paper into
fabulous
spirals […]” (l. 46 – 48). This adds to the image of
excellent decay and dirt and the overall grim atmosphere
amazing of the scene.
outstanding
d) He smells boiled cabbage, old rag mats (l. 7 – 8).
awesome He hears a fruity voice from the telescreen (l. 29),
superb a helicopter ... like a bluebottle (l. 60 – 62).
great
incredible e) Lösungsvorschlag
unbelievable Orwell’s London seems to be a very gloomy and
degenerated city, where there isn’t enough electri-
fantastic super city available and everything is grey except for
marvellous propaganda posters. This makes me feel uncomfor-
brilliant table and I would not like to live in such a city.
I find it very frightening that people can be obser-
ved all the time and that Winston cannot remem-
ber his childhood. The description of Winston’s
b) Lösungsvorschlag living conditions has a disturbing effect on me and
Last year I went to London and I thought that it was I feel pity for him for having to live this way.
an awesome city. The view from London Eye was
fantastic and we had a guided tour through the Tower 14 Creative Writing
with a brilliant guide. Unfortunately, it rained a lot, a) – Winsto walking in the hallway with a disgusted
which was dreadful. The food at our hostel was facial expression, he is limping, slightly dragging
disgusting. Nevertheless I had an amazing time in Lon- behind his right foot
don and want to return there as soon as possible. – Winston slowly climbing the stairs, tense look on
his face demonstrating the pain in his foot. Looks
13 Atmosphere at the poster and shows signs of intimidation
a) 1. l. 6 gritty dust; 2. l. 47 whirling dust; 3. l. 90 grimy and fear
landscape; 4. l. 32 dulled mirror; 5. l. 47 torn paper; – Winston entering the room walking directly
6. l. 96 rotting; 7. l. 98 patched; 8. l. 100 walls towards the screen turning it down then turning
sagging to the window
– View from the poster opposite the window: 2. They are on their way home from the theatre.
Winston with a disgusted look in his face looking
at the helicopter then just gazing aimlessly into 3. David is in a good mood, because “he smiles
the sky pleasantly […]” (l. 16).
Katie is very tired and wants to go home as soon
b) The reader has access to Winston’s thoughts which as possible. “[…] I suddenly feel the need to see a
could not be revealed by pure observation. yellow taxi light rise this second because I’m tired,
and disoriented […]” (l. 19 – 22).
Winston is a 39-year old man living in Victory Lines 24 – 50
Mansions in London, Airstrip one, Oceania. He is a 1. He wants to give money to a homeless kid, but has
member of the party. He has got a varicose ulcer forgotten his wallet. So he asks his wife for her
above his right ankle, so that he walks slowly and purse and gives the kid all the money that is inside,
the stairs cause him difficulties. We have noted which is more than 80 pounds.
that Winston’s behaviour is quite suspicious as he
does not seem to be content with his life in spite 2. She calls it ‘odd’ because it seems inappropriate to
of all the things the party has done for him. His her to give a homeless person so much money and
facial expression often shows discontent which it is actually very unlike David.
cannot only be caused by the pain in his leg. It is
obvious that he tries to avoid the telescreen 3. The excerpt is written in the present tense. This
unaware of the observation devices installed in all gives us readers the feeling of immediacy as if
the posters. We suggest intense further observati- the action was just happening at the moment we
on of this individual and if the suspicion gets are reading the story. The vast use of direct spee-
stronger, we consider it necessary to summon ch without narrating verbs gives the reader the
him for questioning. impression of being present during the characters’
interaction.
Topic 7 p. 46–52 LInes 51 – 72

1. Katie is angry because David has given the kid all
1 Opposites
their money except for five pounds so that they
1. to end (l. 7); 2. superficial (l. 9); 3. illegally (l. 12);
have to take the tube to get home instead of a taxi.
4. a lack of (l. 13); 5. recent (l. 31); 6. to raise (l. 33);
7. a fiction (l. 36); 8. impenetrable (l. 43);
2. Katie wants to take a taxi.
9. metaphorically (l. 51); 10. to be lacking (l. 53 – 54);
David sarcastically says the kid would like to take a
11. alive (l. 57); 12. protagonists (l. 60)
taxi.
Katie says he does not need a taxi as he is living in
2 Verb phrases
the streets and that David has given the kid every-
1. coined; 2. given rise to; 3. depicted as;
thing they own.
4. cheap labour; 5. exploitation; 6. emerges
David makes it clear that he has not given the kid
everything they own, but only about 80 pounds
3 Expressions
which won’t make any difference to them the next
1. Awful things happen to them.
day.
2. a political work in favour of communism
3. People want to argue.
Lines 73 – 91
4. the ideal of friendship, helpfulness and
1. He wanted to perform a generous act once
cooperation among neighbours
because he wanted to see how it felt.
5. (humorously) ironic commentaries
2. She suggests that in order to feel good he should
rather get drunk, get stoned or have sex instead of
giving their money to other people.
Lines 1 – 23
1. ‘we’: the married couple Katie and David; ‘I’: Katie,
Lines 92 – 106
a compassionate doctor and a loving mother; ‘he’:
1. She wants to know where David went and what
David, a cynical man who writes sarcastic com-
happened to him when he went away.
ments for a newspaper
2. She is not happier at the end of the extract 8 Before you read
because the ticket machine does not accept their a) Lösungsvorschlag
five pound note and so they have to queue behind In the picture you can see a number of people, pro-
a lot of tourists and drunks in order to get a ticket bably on their way to or home from work. Further-
while she would very much prefer a taxi. more, you can see four clocks each indicating the
same time. On each of the clock faces there is only
5 Creative writing one number and this number is different for each
a) – b) Individuelle Lösung clock. As the title of the text is “Wave goodbye to
the nine to five”, the number on the clocks could
6 Words in context indicate the different times when all these people
a) 1. unit of people living together in the same start or stop working. It is no longer the traditional
house/flat in Britain nine to five period but different for every single
2. unmarried couple living together individual.
3. children under the age of 15 and full-time stu-
dents under the age of 24 b) working from nine to five; working in an office;
4. children over the age of 15 who are not full-time working five days a week; working for one
students company only; holding a specific position in
5. a father or mother who raises his or her child your company; having a fixed salary; having
alone your colleagues in physical reach
7 Working with statistics 9 Understanding the text

a) pie diagrams; six; households; 1979; year 2002; 1. hard work
34%; married or cohabiting couples with no 2. more people will need to be carers
children or non-dependent children; lone parent 3. globally active companies
with dependent children; lone parent with 4. offer employees what they need
non-dependent children; married or cohabiting 5. have to be given up
couples with dependent children; 23% 6. in different places
7. have different cultural backgrounds
b) Lösungsvorschlag 8. abolished
The pie diagram on the right represents the pat- 9. be used as spies
tern of British households in the year 2002. As in 10. give some power to them
1979 the largest sector of 34% consists of married
or cohabiting couples with no children or non-de- 10 Writing
pendent children. In contrast to 1979 the number a) ‘Cyber attack’ is virtual warfare using computers
of one-person-only households has increased so and the Internet.
that it is now the second largest group at 31%. The
percentage of married or cohabiting couples with b) Lösungsvorschlag (s. Seite 21)
dependent children is only 21%. 8% of the British
households in 2002 are lone parents with depen- c) – d) Individuelle Lösung
dent children, and only 2% are lone parents with
non-dependent children. ‘Other’ types of British
households make up 4% of the pie.
Lösungsvorschlag zu 10 Writing b)
antivirus safe computer malicious

protection passwords virus software
network computer
security cyber war
worms
firewall
cyber attack
hijack a hacker
website
inaccessibility denial of service
attacks download steal data
spyware
computer error group of

crash messages compound mud huts
d) Individuelle Lösung
Topic 8 p. 53–59
1 A crossword puzzle 4 Words and meaning
Across: 3. old-hat; 5. grime; 7. tragic; 9. ruthless; 1. l. 11: a winged messenger of heaven;
11. poet; 12. wit; 13. memorable; 16. total; 20. relevant; 2. l. 19: ‘Tis but thy name; 3. l. 16: be but sworn my love;
21. plot; 22. fate; 24. stage; 25. confronted 4. l. 28: doff; 5. l. 14: wherefore art thou;
6. l. 2: But, soft; 7. l. 12 – 13: the white-upturned
Down: 1. fictional; 2. zeal; 4. dramas; 6. passions; wondering eyes/Of mortals; 8. l. 2: through yonder
7. temporarily; 8. calamity; 10. dramatist; 14. linger; window breaks; 9. l. 24: What’s in a name
15. jesting; 17. nature; 18. version; 19. bard; 22. flock;
23. set 5 Working with pictures
a) – c) Individuelle Lösung
Solution: MACBETH
6 Words in context
2 Shakespearean language 1. dissatisfaction; 2. hung sullenly;
1e, 2k, 3f, 4g, 5a, 6c, 7h, 8l, 9d, 10j, 11b, 12i 3. foreheads encircled; 4. trophies; 5. call to fight;
6. dances; 7. faced; 8. enemies; 9. leaps about merrily;
3 Understanding the text 10. lustful; 11. lack; 12. less, shorter than; 13. comment on
a) – b) Individuelle Lösung
c) Lösungsvorschlag a) part 1: Richard’s happiness about the victory of the
She shows up shining brighter than all the torches! House of York and the end of war; part 2: Richard’s
She sparkles in the night like an expensive jewel complaints about his ugliness and rude nature; part
on a Black man’s ear. She possesses a beauty 3: Richard’s decision to become a villain
which is too great for this world and too precious
to die and be buried. Like a white dove stands out b) They give a structure to the monologue by introdu-
among crows, this young lady outshines the other cing and repeating the topics of the sentences and
girls. When the dance is over, I will see where she make clear Richard’s train of thoughts. Moreover,
stands, touch her beautiful hand and make my they show the monologue’s function as exposition/
unworthy hand fortunate by doing so. Have I ever introduction to the play: We learn about the situa-
loved before? No, swear you have not, my eyes! tion at the beginning of the play (‘now’), the main
Because I have never seen true beauty before character (‘I’) and his plan (‘therefore’).
tonight.
c) winter of our discontent – glorious summer; loured Topic 9 p. 60–65

upon our house – buried in the deep bosom of the
1 Media phrases
ocean; bruised arms − monuments; stern alarums
2. two weeks after the event
− merry meetings; dreadful marches − delightful
3. the latest up-to-date reports
measures; grim-visaged − smoothed (…) front;
4. total access to world events
mount barbed steeds − caper nimbly in a lady’s
chamber
2 Synonyms
a) débâcle, tragedy, destruction, catastrophe,
d) not shaped for sportive tricks; not made to court
devastation
an amorous looking-glass; rudely stamped; (lacks)
love’s majesty; curtailed of this fair proportion;
b) 1. shameful; 2. hopes; 3. happily; 4. desolate;
cheated of feature by dissembling Nature;
5. very angry; 6. everywhere at the same time;
deformed; unfinished; sent before my time into
7. crouching; 8. closeness
this breathing world; scarce half made up; so
lamely and unfashionable that dogs bark at me as
I halt at them; have no delight to pass away the
1. News about an increase in numbers of diagnosed
time; descant on my own deformity
swine flu cases encouraged Americans to search
the Internet for more information especially on
e) So because I am not able to become a lover and
symptoms.
enjoy these apparently nice days, I have decided to
2. Experts on the use of the Internet discovered that
turn into a criminal and hate all the amusements
millions of Internet users searched for the phrase
of the present time.
‘swine flu’ online last week.
3. Heather Hopkins uses hives and bees to describe
f) Now that the House of York has won the war, the
the store of information and the way in which
grim life with all its sorrows is over and court life
some Internet users feed from it.
has been resumed. Richard, however, cannot enjoy
4. One blog publisher says panicking the public is
the pleasures of the peaceful court life because of
dangerous because often nothing happens and
his ugly and distorted appearance. And because
the public won’t respond properly if they are really
his ugliness makes him feel like an outsider, he
in danger the next time.
decides to become a villain.
5. A university professor feels that there is a
difference between covering an important
story and sensationalizing a story.
a)/b) 11 (l. 1); 5 (l. 5 – 10); 14 (l. 6 – 10, 16); 7 (l. 10);
9 (l. 11 + 13); 2 (l. 12 + 14); 12 (l. 17 – 18); 15 (l. 19, 22 – 24);
4 Analysing the cartoon
3 (l. 26 + 28); 6 (l. 35 – 36); 8 (l. 42 – 43); 16 (l. 44);
deals; Terry ‘Wooket’ Willis; 2009; the inside of a bus or
1 (l. 45 – 49); 10 (l. 50 – 52); 4 (l. 56 – 58); 13 (l. 61 – 62)
underground train; In the back; holding up its fore-
arms, showing its open hands to a crowd of animals
c) Individuelle Lösung
at the other side of the carriage; “What?”; it was just
clearing his throat; the other animals’ reaction; the
9 Shakespeare in modern English
latest news yet; a bull, two cows and two birds are
1. which you can bury in my heart if you want/wish to,
herded together on the left side of the picture; in a
and let the soul, which adores you, be free;
fearful and panic-stricken way at the pig; very afraid
2. but it was your beauty that made me do it;
of the pig that has cleared its throat; swine flu has
3. No, go ahead/Come on, do it, it was me who;
broken out; all the animals that were affected in the
4. Get up, liar,…; 5. I wish I knew what’s in your heart/
past by similar diseases like the mad cow disease and
what you really feel; 6. I’ve told you (what was in my
the bird flu are shown. Now these animals are afraid
heart); 7. please wear this ring; 8. courted in this state
of the next epidemic being talked about in the news;
of mind; 9. win her over when her hatred for me was
that people can be influenced so easily by the media
strongest; 10. the bloody body, proof of why she should
and that they react hysterically without checking the
hate me, right in front of her; 11. buy myself a mirror
source of the information given.
5 Before you read 6. connect the facts with the picture and draw our
Individuelle Lösung own conclusions.
7. honest because it states one fact and gives a
6 A progress chart website address where people can find out
Iraq  deaths  people coping  every angle  more.
Obama chosen as candidate for Presidency  the 8. eight, because I think it is shocking and hor-
economy  US banking problem  US-influenced rifying as well as being informative.
problem  bailout of Northern Rock  UK problem 
Global Credit Crunch  first Afro-American president b) Individuelle Lösung
 layoffs  measures against them  unemployment
difficulties  stories about reforms  steps to help  11 Thinking about products
guilty brought to account  people tired of listening a), b) Individuelle Lösung
 media stop economic stories on front page  chan-
ge stories  win back public  news of downturn
stops  recession ends  people feel back on track Topic 10 p. 66–70
 our boredom changes media  media changes
1 Meanings
messages  changes messages in our heads  end of
1. learn a little bit about
recession
2. was trying to say
3. should be used for
4. don’t misunderstand me
1. Wrong: ’House Arrest’ is a TV show in which a mur-
5. was translated wrongly
der takes place one day.
6. bad consequences resulting from
2. Right
7. in my opinion
3. Right
8. I do not plan to
4. Wrong: Geraldine wants to swear at the poet but
9. have to deal with
she restrains herself.
10. an undertaking to improve
5. Wrong: Geraldine argues that the public should be
11. did the same thing
allowed to feel they are involved in what happens
12. it responds to the requirements of
in the show.
6. Right
2 Examples of irony
1. The original speaks of a little ‘learning’. The mis-
8 Allusions
quote reveals that the writer is adopting a rather
1. to applaud the victor
humorous approach.
2. the baying crowd
2. The writer is poking fun at the reader, who could
3. crosses the Rubicon
never guess what the sign means. He can’t be
4. the plebeians of old Rome
anything other than ‘honest’.
5. the gladiatorial arenas
3. Not an easy task for anyone and the writer knows
6. a colossus
this. Again he catches the reader’s unawareness.
4. The writer forces the reader to imagine the
9 Text analysis
consequences of following the instructions on the
Individuelle Lösung
sign. He knows that no one would do this. Just
the thought of it would probably make the reader
10 Analysing advertisements
giggle.
a) 1. a shark protection group.
2. people who kill sharks because they think they
3 Before you listen
are dangerous or because they want to eat shark
Individuelle Lösung
fin soup.
3. humans present more of a danger to sharks
4 Listening
than sharks do to humans.
1. English has spread because more and more people
4. it catches our eye first of all and shocks and
are on the move.
horrifies us before we read the smaller print
2. Much of the English spoken is between non-native
of the text.
speakers.
5. in the top left-hand corner and is short and
3. The conclusion Mr Seaford draws from this is that
factual.
the use of English as a lingua franca is growing.
4. 500 years ago there were around 15,000 languages, b) Individuelle Lösung
but today there are fewer than 7,000.
5. You can’t blame this decrease on English because 8 A letter to the editor
English wasn’t important when the decrease a) formal, short and to the point; intended to be prin-
started. ted; refers to an article, TV or radio programme;
6. Languages like Mandarin, Spanish, Hindi and ends with name and where you live; Dear Editor
Russian are threatening to overtake English.
b) Dear Sir or Madam, Yours faithfully: formal letter
5 Working with statistics many adjectives, detailed information, meant to
1. The graph shows a continuing decline in the entertain, climax: e.g. novel, short story
number of languages in the world. spoken language: e.g. play
2. By the middle of the twenty-second century this anonymous e.g. novel
number will have fallen to around one thousand. falling action: play
3. According to the pie chart English is used more gives opinion on a film: film review
frequently between non-English/native speakers offers advice: magazine article
than between all other groups of tourists using the
language. 9 Understanding the text
4. Only four per cent of the English spoken by
tourists is between native English speakers. a), b) Lösung s. Seite 25
5. The bar chart shows that there are one thousand
and fifty-two million speakers of Mandarin. 10 Expressions
6. Eighth on the list of ‘top’ languages is German 1. proved that there was reason to think so
with one hundred and twenty-eight million. 2. a great number of those who took part
3. it is easy to get along with English in other
6 Before you read countries
Individuelle Lösung 4. language learning has no tradition
5. for assistance in encouraging people to learn
7 Understanding the text German again
a) 6. as well as those who decide on how the money
is to be spent
Size of 900 (three quarters non-native
school speakers)
Fluctuation children leave and arrive every week
60% move on between 7 and 11
Languages teacher uses gestures and pictures to
teach assistants
56 different languages
basic English vocabulary learnt quickly
English-speaking older pupils as
‘buddies’ for first few days
Catchment high deprivation
area variety of cultural minority backgrounds
parents have even less English
Standards poor league table results
academic language is a problem
less help for obscure language speakers
25 Lösungen Topic 10/Grammar
Lösungsvorschlag zu 9 Understanding the text a), b)
Name Agree Disagree Not clear

BBC News Online Britons are failing to learn the
lingo
Mike Tomlinson barbarians when it comes to
learning languages
Office Angels less than 5% can count up to 20
in 2nd. language
80%: everyone speaks English
EC survey 65.9% speak only English –
highest in EU
Linda Parker island mentality: no borders no better or worse than
where other languages are other English-speaking
spoken countries
don’t need other languages
abroad
Karl Pfeiffer helping schools and

universities to promote
German
DfES spokesman languages are important:
employment, knowledge
of world, global citizenship,
break down barriers
Grammar p. 71–80 If she had looked out of the window, she’d have seen
her dog biting/attacking the postman.
1 If-clauses (type I)
If they had bought a map, they wouldn’t have got lost/
1. travel; will get; won’t enjoy
had to ask the way.
2. will suffer; don’t do
If they had run faster, they would have won the cup.
3. goes up; becomes; will be
4. will save; move; won’t need
4 If-clauses (all types)
5. develop; will sell; invest
a) We are society so we only have ourselves to blame:
6. predict; won’t exist; doesn’t stop
If we had weighed up the pros and cons and pro-
7. prove; will result
tested, perhaps we would have stopped this crazy
spiral of ever more surveillance before it got out of
2 If-clauses (type II)
hand.
a) 1. j); 2. e); 3. h); 4. i); 5. k); 6. g); 7. c); 8. f); 9. a); 10. l);
Now, if you took the trouble to look around you
11. b); 12. d)
properly, you’d be surprised how many CCTV came-
ras there are in operation in Britain’s cities these
days. Never bothered? Well, give it a try. If you
just stand on a street corner, say in the heart of
3 If-clauses (type III)
London, and start walking down the road, you will
If you hadn’t driven so fast, you wouldn’t have had the
spot them everywhere as you go along. After that
accident.
try going into a shop!
If I hadn’t missed my bus, I wouldn’t have been late/
Imagine: If you were one of the thousands of shop-
kept you waiting.
pers in supermarkets across the country at this
If the weather had been nice, we would have gone to
very moment, you would be proud to know that
the beach.
your shopping patterns and habits were perhaps
26 Lösungen Grammar
being recorded. However, I must admit, if I had had 6 The past passive
money withdrawn from my bank account unknown A young man was arrested by the police for vanda-
to me, as has happened to some, I would have lising a CCTV camera in a supermarket car park. The
had less objection to cameras operating at cash- equipment was damaged (by him, not nexessary) just
points. But if I was hugging a friend in the street after 10 p.m., the time when the last shot was taken
whatever kind of friend he or she was, I certainly (by the camera). The suspect was found easily (by the
wouldn’t want that on video! police, not necessary) because he himself was visible
The truth of the matter is if we don’t object to on film just before the camera was smashed (by him,
surveillance, the situation will not change and we not necessary). Despite video evidence a witness
needn’t be surprised that the British are the most who had observed the incident from his car, was
surveilled population in the entire industrial world. questioned by the police. A rough estimate of the
damage (judging it to be, not necessary) of around
b) Lösungsvorschlag £ 450 was given by a spokesman for the video surveil-
1. If I won a trip to anywhere in the world, I’d travel lance company.
to India. Later reporters were told that the young man’s “act
2. I’d be very upset if I found out I was someone’s of vandalism” was in protest against the ‘Big Brother’
clone. mentality behind public surveillance. “That particular
3. If we get a lot of snow this winter, I’ll book a camera wasn’t targeted (by me, not necessary)
holiday to go skiing. because of a grudge with the supermarket,” he
4. If Obama had lost the elections, he would never insisted, “but because it was near at hand.” He firmly
have become so famous. believed that CCTV wasn’t seen as a protective
5. You will learn to become more critical if you read measure by most people but rather as intrusive and
the papers every day. controlling in a dangerous way. His main argument
6. If we citizens don’t show active interest in what against the use of cameras was that they weren’t nee-
is going on around us, then we’ll only have our- ded to that extent by other countries. Fright tactics
selves to blame for our standard of living. were employed by the authorities, he claimed, in order
7. I wouldn’t have been late for my interview if to convince the public of the need for tighter video
there hadn’t been railway strike that week. surveillance when, in actual fact, perfect, total control
8. If I get good results in my school-leaving exams, of all citizens was really desired.
I’ll be able to travel for a year before deciding on When it was suggested (by a reporter, not necessary)
a career. that it was because of acts of vandalism like his that
the camera was installed there in the first place (by
5 The present passive the police/supermarket, not necessary), the young
1. Thousands of teenagers are reported missing man simply smiled and retorted: “But look at it like
(by the authorities) every year. this: If the camera hadn’t been there, then I wouldn’t
2. Many of them are found by the police within a have smashed it, would I?”
short time and are brought home.
3. But the whereabouts of a lot of them is never 7 Reporting in the past passive
discovered. Individuelle Lösung
4. These children are missed terribly by their families.
5. The parents are always asked by the police why 8 The passive and auxiliary verbs
their child might have run away. 1. Sadly those days are gone when India could safely
6. But they hardly ever establish the real reason for be reached by road from Western Europe.
the teenager’s disappearance. 2. In the 1970s this route was used by many visitors
7. If a murder is reported in the newspaper, this is but, of course, arrangements had to be made well
particularly gruesome for parents of a missing in advance.
teenager. 3. The trip had to be organised from the start
8. The corpse has to be identified, and till then the because many of the countries in between
parents of a missing child must wait in fear and couldn’t be crossed without valid visas or special
dread. permission.
9. Then if their child is not involved in the murder 4. In addition visitors were advised to acquaint
case, the endless waiting and hoping starts afresh. themselves with the laws of the different
10. The media is sometimes used by parents, for countries, for example, to find out if travellers
example TV talk shows on which they appeal to were allowed to carry any alcohol with them.
their child to come home.
5. Wasn’t that more sensible than realising too late 7. $2000 were raised through a school charity
that a lawyer should have been consulted before swim/by a school through a charity swim last
they undertook the journey? weekend.
6. Also, road conditions often being poor in areas cut
off from civilisation, their lives could possibly be 10 Relative clauses
saved by taking along spare car parts. a) Lösungsvorschlag
7. That is, assuming they knew something about Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi or ‘Mahatma
repairing cars! Otherwise, a mechanic might have Gandhi’, who was born on October 2nd, 1869, in
been included in the travel party. a small town on the western coast of India is
8. Medical care was another big problem. As this often referred to as the Father of the Nation. He
couldn’t be guaranteed everywhere en route, was a great figure in Indian history whose role
medical supplies had to be taken along, too. in India’s struggle for independence from Britain
9. And ideally, one of the travellers was a doctor so was significant. He was an intellectual yet in touch
that medical problems could be dealt with on the with the people whose wide appeal enabled him
spot. to mobilise the masses. Ghandi, who was utterly
10. So the ideal travel party would have been made up against violent protest, insisted that non-violent
of a lawyer, a doctor and a mechanic. civil disobedience was the only way forward. His
11. But how could they have forgotten food on the followers who were not violent themselves, often
journey? To my mind, a five-star cook should have faced imprisonment or even were killed.
been thrown in for luck. Ghandi about whom Albert Einstein said "Genera-
tions to come will scarcely believe that such a man
9 The passive in headlines (mixed tenses) as this walked the earth in flesh and blood" faced
a) 1. Investor to demolish high rise (soon) – An death.
investor is soon to demolish a block of high-rise Gandhi, who was highly concerned about the
flats. needs of the nation and whose ideology embraced
2. Plumber wins jackpot (yesterday) – A plumber different religions, saw Hindu-Muslim unity as one
won yesterday’s jackpot/the jackpot yesterday. of his greatest aims, as was doing away with the
3. Top secret leak (this morning/army officer) – caste system practice of untouchability. He also
This morning an army officer leaked top secret promoted the equality of women, hand-spinning as
information. a home industry and the reconstruction of village
4. A new Jeff’s Store to open (in Dee Street) – A economy. Mahatma’s striving for Muslim-Hindu
new Jeff’s Store is to open in Dee Street. unity which angered many Hindu fundamentalists
5. Night club raid (last night) – The police raided a was the reason Gandhi was shot dead by one such
night club last night. fundamentalist, Nathu Godse 30th January, 1948.
6. Council discuss centre’s future (currently) –
Council is currently discussing the centre’s b) Individuelle Lösung
future.
7. School raises $2000 (last weekend’s charity 11 Relative clauses
swim) – A school raised $2000 through their 1. The candidate who they finally picked wouldn’t
charity swim last weekend. have been my choice!
2. The alarm that/which has been set to go off in an
b) 1. A high rise block is soon to be demolished by emergency mustn’t be tampered with.
its investor. 3. The model who was wearing the midnight blue
2. Yesterday’s jackpot was won by a plumber. taffeta gown got the best reviews.
3. A top secret was leaked this morning by an 4. Florida, that/which borders on Georgia and Alaba-
army officer. ma, is well known for its marshy Everglades.
4. A new Jeff’s Store is to be opened in Dee 5. Enrico, who/whom the book is dedicated to, suf-
Street. fered the same fate as the protagonist.
5. Last night a night club was raided by the 6. According to statistics, drinking and driving is a
police. problem that/which is on the rise.
6. The centre’s future is currently being dis- 7. Barack Obama, who became US president in 2008,
cussed by the council. is for a national health system for all citizens.
12 Modal auxiliaries 8. Did you know smart dust can even locate
a) 1. Could you please help me lift my bag up onto tumour cells growing in the human body?
the rack? 9. After winning a prize for her discovery, Link
2. If you can speak English, you won’t have much advised students to get hands-on lab
difficulty at international airports. experience.
3. When travelling abroad, you should check
which vaccinations are necessary beforehand. b) 1. Leaving the building by the back door, she
4. You needn’t travel without your nail scissors or groped her way through the bushes to the
shampoo but they belong in your suitcase. secret shed.
5. This is because passengers mustn’t/aren’t 2. While hiding in the shed, she lost all track of
allowed to carry sharp items or liquids in their time.
hand 3. After finally falling asleep, she began to dream.
baggage. 4. In her dream she saw her pursuers, getting
6. But, hopefully, soon passengers may/will be al- closer and closer till they burst in.
lowed to carry liquids again without restriction. 5. Before getting caught, she managed to hide her
7. Passengers may only/will only be allowed to scientific papers.
use the toilets once the seatbelt sign is 6. Waking up with a start, she began to look for a
switched off. safe hiding place.
8. You needn’t get pounds from the bank before
you travel because UK airports all have cash- 1. Nachdem sie das Gebäude durch die Hintertür
points. verlassen hatte, bahnte sie sich ihren Weg durch
9. You mustn’t smoke in the airport building. das Gebüsch zu der geheimen Hütte.
10. You should book your flight well in advance. – 2. Während sie sich in der Hütte versteckte, verlor
OK, but may we/ are we allowed to rebook in sie jegliches Zeitgefühl.
an emergency? 3. Nachdem sie endlich eingeschlafen war, begann
11. If you arrange it with the airline, you may (be sie zu träumen.
allowed to) take oversized luggage with you on 4. In ihrem Traum sah sie wie ihre Verfolger immer
your flight. näher kamen bis sie hereinstürzten.
12. All non-EU members must fill in landing cards 5. Sie schaffte es noch, ihre geheimen Papiere
upon arrival in the UK. zu verstecken, bevor sie gefangen genommen
13. You mustn’t leave luggage unattended at any wurde.
time. If you do, you will have to pay a huge fine. 6. Als sie aus dem Schlaf hoch schreckte, begann
14. Once customers have booked a last-minute ho- sie sofort nach einem sicheren Versteck zu
liday, they won’t be able to change their dates. suchen.
b) Individuelle Lösung 14 The gerund

1. I forgot to water your plants but I remembered to
13 The present participle mow the lawn.
a) 1. Have you ever heard of scientists making a 2. Hey, thanks. I don’t remember asking you to do
discovery by chance? that!
2. While researching silicon chips, Jamie Link dis- 3. Have you ever stopped to think how life would be
covered ‘smart dust’ by accident. without computers?
3. After ruining one of the chips she was working 4. No, but it’s no use contemplating things that are
on, she noticed something strange. unchangeable.
4. She found that the broken bits lying on the lab 5. I had a great conversation with someone on the
table still functioned as sensors. train – we went on chatting for hours.
5. Despite them being extremely tiny, the pieces of 6. Your artwork is really amazing. I’m sure you’ll go on
chip could be used in many scientific areas. to become famous one day.
6. While testing the application of ‘smart dust’, 7. Do you mean to say you don’t have time to help
scientists realised it could monitor water purity. me as you promised?
7. Before publishing their results, they also found 8. That means doing all the chores on my own, which
the dust could detect dangerous chemicals in isn’t exactly fair!
the air. 9. If I were you, I’d try reversing (to reverse) into the
parking space.
10. Thanks for trying to help but I’d rather you 17 Reported speech (mixed)
wouldn’t interfere while I’m driving. a), b)
15 Gerund and present participle forms Arians

a) Using the Internet for communicating with people are waiting: present progressive;
is just great. I love chatting with friends and even will be rewarded: future perfect
family. I have cousins living on the other side of Your last week’s horoscope said that you were waiting
the globe and talking to them online is not only for the right person to come, and that your patience
fun – it’s also free! would be rewarded with a rendezvous that week.
I also spend time on the computer surfing around
for good bargains. But before bidding, I always Taureans
check the product description and delivery made, was: simple past
charges. But of course there’s always a risk so apologise, it is, can harm: simple present
I don’t go buying expensive things online! The Inter- Your last week’s horoscope said that a comment you
net is also excellent for getting information fast: made had been thoughtless and unkind. It advised you
finding a local doctor, checking bus or train time- to apologise before it was too late. It warned you that
tables, looking up flight delays or working out the gossip could harm you, too.
best route to take. But while researching stuff on
the Net, I often get distracted and there’s a danger Geminis
of spending far too much time at the computer. have had: present perfect
After realising I’ve spent the evening chatting it is: simple present
online with my friends, I sometimes think that it are heading: present progressive
would have been more fun if we’d actually met Your last week’s horoscope said that you had had a
up. While being together, we can spontaneously busy week, so it was time to stop and remember your
decide what we’d like to do – watch a DVD, go friends. It said that you were heading for a surprise
into town or down to the gym. And it’s much nicer the coming weekend.
having the person there in front of you!
Cancerians
b) gerund pull, get, don’t: simple present
present participle it’ll mean: will future
Your last week’s horoscope said that you should pull
16 Reported speech (present/past) yourself together and get that job done. It said if you
a) 1. Anne says she’s sorry but she’ll be about 15 mi- didn’t, it would mean trouble with a big T!
nutes late.
2. Leo says he promises to come to the party, too. Leos
3. Bella says she hasn’t found her keys yet. is: simple present
4. The reporter says she’s/he’s standing outside the met: simple past
White House. will be waiting: future progressive
5. The tourists ask how big Central Park is. Your last week’s horoscope said that travel was on the
6. The lifeguard wants to know if those kids can agenda. And that someone you had met years ago
swim. would be waiting there around the corner …
7. The customer asks what’s on the menu. Bon voyage!
b) 1. Anne said she was sorry but she would be about Virgos
15 minutes late. is, need: simple present
2. Leo said he promised to come to the party, too. will pass, will come: will future
3. Bella said she hadn’t found her keys yet. be ready: simple present
4. The reporter said she/he was standing outside Your last week’s horoscope said that hope was what
the White House. you needed at that time. It promised that the dark
5. They asked how big Central Park was. clouds would pass and the sun would come out soon,
6. The lifeguard wanted to know if those kids could it told you to be ready to make that hay.
swim.
7. The customer asked what was on the menu that
day.
30 Lösungen Grammar/Spot on jobs
Librans Spot on jobs p. 81–87

have been thinking: present perfect progressive
Small talk situations (Topic 1, 2)
stop, get: simple present
a), b)
will thank, will feel: will future
1. A: Hello. Nice to meet you. My name is John Smith,
Your last week’s horoscope said you’d been thinking
I’m Mr/Mrs …’s personal assistant.
about exercising. It advised you to stop thinking and
How was your flight?
get active! It promised you that your body would
B: Hello, Mr. Smith. My name is Jin Wang. Nice
thank you and you would feel better for it, too.
to meet you, too. Thank you, the flight was fine,
but the plane had a delay of/was delayed by more
Scorpios
than an hour. Sorry that you had to wait.
don’t, be, treat: simple present
A: Oh, don’t worry, that’s OK.
will be: will future
have thought: present perfect
2. B: Unfortunately my suitcase is missing. Could
Your last week’s horoscope told you not to worry, but
you please give me the address of the hotel I am
to be happy. It advised you to treat yourself well, and
staying in? I need it to fill in the form and hand it
promised that life would be kind to you, too. It raised
over at the counter.
the question whether you had thought about chan-
A: I can take care of that if it’s OK with you.
ging your job.
Why don’t you have a cup of coffee in the
airport café?
Sagittarians
B: Oh, that’s a wonderful idea/that’s very
are: simple present
kind of you! Thank you.
will be, will guide: will future
Your last week’s horoscope said that chances were
3. A: It is pouring outside. And I hope we don’t arrive
good that it’d be love at first sight. It said that your
late because of the traffic jam.
instinct would guide you, but only if you were open to
B: Yes, I hope not. I would really like to go to
new encounters.
the hotel and freshen up before the meeting.
Would that be possible?
Capricorns
A: Yes, of course/certainly. I’ll just call the
are, be, can ruin, comes: simple present
company and let them know. And they will resche-
Your last week’s horoscope said that you were too
dule the meeting.
proud to come down off your high horse. It told you to
be sensible: It warned you that arrogance could ruin a
4. B: I’m afraid the adaptor plug for my notebook
friendship and said that pride came before a fall!
recharger is in the suitcase that has gone missing.
Could you please help me out with
Aquarians
an alternative plug?
will tell, will be: will future
A: Sure. I’ll buy you a universal adaptor plug right
are, be, not to let: simple present
away.
Your last week’s horoscope said that a friend would
tell you a big secret. It’d be a test to see how reliable
you were. It told you to be careful not to let the cat out
of the bag!
Pisceans
has been bothering: present perfect progressive
feel, deal: simple present
Your last week’s horoscope said that something had
been bothering you for ages and said you felt like a
fish out of water. It told you to deal with the problem
at that time!
31 Lösungen Spot on jobs
Making arrangements on the phone (Topic 3, 4)

a)
Company office External caller

(Company:) WarenSoft International, guten Oh, hello. I’m sorry, I don’t speak German. This is: Jay
Tag. Venkataramana. (Ven-ka.ta.ra.ma.na), from BYN Tech Ltd.
in Bangalore.
Sorry, I didn’t quite catch that. Can you say Yes, of course, I’m Jay, Jay Ven-ka-ta-ra-ma-na. I’d like to
that again, please? speak to Anja Müller, please.
I’m sorry Mr Venkataramana, Frau Müller is in Thank you, but I need to talk to her in person. Can you
a meeting. Can I take a message? pass that on to her?
Of course. Can you spell your name for me, Venkataramana: V for Victor, E for Edward, N for Nelly,
please? K for King, A for Andrew, T for Tommy, A for Andrew,
R for Robert, A for Andrew, M for Mary, A for Andrew,
N for Nelly, A for Andrew.
Jay Venkataramana.
Does Frau Müller have a number to contact I don’t think so. Let me give it to you: That’s 80 0076 4567,
you on? and it’s 091 for India, of course.
Sorry. I didn’t manage to write it down. Can No problem: It’s 091 (for India), then 80 (for Bangalore),
you repeat that for me, please? then double ‘0’ 76, 4567.
Thanks. I’ll forward this/pass your message on Thank you very much. Goodbye.
to Frau Müller.
Organising a conference (Topic 5, 6)

a) Individuelle Lösung
b) Lösungsvorschlag
Subject: Confirmation of attendance/your flight
Hello Mr Clay,
Please confirm your attendance at the conference

on Friday 19th and Saturday 20th October 2012.
If you do not plan to arrive by 8 p.m. Thursday but
at some other time, please let me know so I can
arrange this with the hotel.

Sincerely,
Ulrike Kaiser
0123/456789

WarenSoft International Ltd. Ulrike Kaiser

0123/456789
Mr. Clan Ulrike.Kaiser@WarenSoft.de
11270 White Blvd. Personal assistant
Los Angeles CA 91430
USA
September 2nd, 2012
Dear Mr Clan,
Enclosed you will find our pre-conference pack with practical information and details.
For your convenience we will shortly also be sending you an electronic version of the
pack. We would kindly request you to inform us of any special needs you may have,
dietary or otherwise, and let us know your exact arrival details as soon as
possible.
Should you have any queries, please do not hesitate to contact me right away.
Looking forward to welcoming you at our conference.
Sincerely,
Ulrike Kaiser
Enclosures: objectives, programme, name and contact

details of conference assistant, arrival and registration
instructions, hotel details, map, and transport
Tips for young job seekers: Aptitude tests (Topic 7, 9) Test E:

a) Test A: 1. The outside.
1. can’t say, 2. false, 3. false, 4. true, 5. can’t say 2. Because he is still alive.
3. Monday is the name of his horse.
Test B:
11, 12, 13, 14, 15 b) Test A: Verbal comprehension
7, 14, 21, 28, 35 Test B: Numerical reasoning
Test C: Maths
Test C: Test D: Spelling & homonyms
1. £ 19.95 Test E: Lateral thinking
2. 44
Test D: The language of job ads (Topic 10)

1. A personnel manager deals with staff issues. a) Admin = Administration = Verwaltung
2. I’ve sent off my curriculum vitae. EXP = Experience = Erfahrung
3. That’s my principle aim. on the job = bei der Arbeit
4. It’s a very interesting job. Ft = full-time = Vollzeit-
5. ‘Split’ means break. Gross = brutto
6. ‘Assist’ means aid. pa = per annum = jährlich
7. ‘Method’ means manner. asap = as soon as possible = so schnell wie möglich
8. ‘Being there’ means presence. Quote ref. = Quote reference = Aktenzeichen an-
geben
appt = appointment = Termin

negotiable = aushandelbar
max. = maximal
in-hand = bar
FOC = free of charge = kostenlos
BHS = British Horse Society
UKCC = United Kingdom Central Council
poss. = possible = möglich
k = thousand = tausend
min. = minimal
wpm = words per minute = Wörter pro Minute
essent. = essential = notwendig
incl. = inclusive = inklusive
pension scheme = Rentenversicherung
annual leave = Jahresurlaub
perm. = permanent = fest
A levels = Abitur
equiv. = equivalent = gleichwertig
IT = Information Technology = EDV
CV = Curriculum Vitae = Lebenslauf
HR = Human Resources = Personalabteilung
NGO = Non Governmental Organization = Nicht-
Regierungs-Organisation
Refs. nec. = References necessary = Zeugnisse
erforderlich
OL = online
FAQs = Frequently Asked Questions = häufig ge-
stellte Fragen
b)
Riding counsellor: be patient with children, be
aware of safety issues, be able to work hard,
passion for horse-riding, riding experience for
a number of years, experience of working with
children; Pony Club Awards (B or C), BHS (or UKCC
equiv.) e.g. Groom’s Certificate in Horse Knowledge
and Care.
Receptionist: a pleasant personality, a good

standard of spoken and written English, min.
typing speed of 40 wpm, A levels or equiv. and
good IT skills.
Volunteer in Ghana:-
System Admin/Web design: no experience necessary,

be adaptable and able to pick up new techniques,
be able to work to tight deadlines, have a keen
imagination and good interpersonal and communica-
tion skills.

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1 Lösungen Topic 1

predictable queuing to queue

unpredictably weird wittiness

3 Understanding the text

b) – 5. anaphora – one or more words are repeated at

11 Creative writing b) Lösungsvorschlag

14 Describing pictures

gentle but emerge from the sea

b) Lösungsvorschlag Instead you start a conversation about any kind

vast and dusty larger-than-life listen to Country have never saddled

cowboy ‘dime store’

Cowboys and Cowgirls

“I checked the halls on all five floors of the apart- b) –

b) Lösungsvorschlag 5 Word lists

b) a) Papachi; b) pendant; c) dowry; d) ancestors;

9 Understanding the text matter.

In former times the Times are changing,

Movement from Everybody must have

good system. Furthermore, it should not be forgotten Topic 5 p. 34–39

5 Your own poem 9 Words in context

7 Your own symbol

a) – b) Individuelle Lösung

8 Working with statistics

screening airport security people

7 Definitions 8. It is particularly advantageous because they will

Topic 7 p. 46–52 LInes 51 – 72

7 Working with statistics 9 Understanding the text

antivirus safe computer malicious

computer error group of

c) winter of our discontent – glorious summer; loured Topic 9 p. 60–65

Lösungsvorschlag zu 9 Understanding the text a), b)

Name Agree Disagree Not clear

Karl Pfeiffer helping schools and

b) Individuelle Lösung 14 The gerund

15 Gerund and present participle forms Arians

Librans Spot on jobs p. 81–87

Making arrangements on the phone (Topic 3, 4)

Company office External caller

Organising a conference (Topic 5, 6)

Subject: Confirmation of attendance/your flight

Please confirm your attendance at the conference

WarenSoft International Ltd. Ulrike Kaiser

September 2nd, 2012

Enclosures: objectives, programme, name and contact

Tips for young job seekers: Aptitude tests (Topic 7, 9) Test E:

Test D: The language of job ads (Topic 10)

appt = appointment = Termin

Receptionist: a pleasant personality, a good

System Admin/Web design: no experience necessary,

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b) – 5. anaphora – one or more words are repeated at