UNIVERSIDAD DE MANILA

College of Criminal Justice

Correction Administration 1 (Institutional Corrections)

COR311
HISTORY:
DURING ANCIENT TIMES
the condemned boiled in oil or fed to wild beasts. Other punishments included laboring
on public works projects, banishment, or even death.
 The Code of Hammurabi in Babylon (Circa 1750 B.C.E.) is generally considered the first
such set of laws.
 The laws of Moses, as recorded in the Bible, also cited offenses against the community
and their corresponding punishments.
 The Justinian Code of Emperor Justinian of the Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire
(529–565) organized many of the early codes.
MIDIEVAL TIMES
Medieval Europe had very harsh punishments. Torture and death were commonly
administered. From the depths of the "Dark Ages" came cruel instruments that tortured as they
killed.
CONFINEMENT TIMES
Those arrested were usually confined (imprisoned) until they confessed to the crime
and their physical punishment occurred.
PRISON TIMES
The only comfort prisoners had in the cold, damp, filthy, rat- and roach-infested prisons
of medieval Europe was what they could—or rather were required to—buy. The prison-keeper
charged for blankets, mattresses, food, and even the manacles (chains).
RISE OF NATIONS
 In Europe in the 1500s, while most jails still housed people waiting for trial or
punishment, work-houses and debtors' prisons developed as sources of cheap labor or
places to house insane or minor offenders.
 The Puritans of Massachusetts believed that humans were naturally depraved, which
made it easier for some of the colonies and the first states to enforce harsh
punishments.
 The Quakers, led by William Penn, made colonial Pennsylvania an exception to the
harsh practices often found in the other colonies.
IDEAS OF ENLIGHTENMENT
  The philosophy of the Enlightenment (the Age of Reason) emphasized the importance
of the individual. After the French Revolution of 1789, which was based on the ideas of
the Enlightenment, western European countries abolished torture as a form of
punishment and emphasized that the punishment should fit the individual's crime(s).
THE REFORM MOVEMENT
 The idea of individual freedom and the concept that people could change society for the
better by using reason permeated American society in the 1800s. Reformers worked to
abolish slavery, secure women's rights, and prohibit liquor, as well as to change the
corrections system.
PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM
 In 1787 in Pennsylvania, a group campaigning for more humane treatment of prisoners
established the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons. Led
by Dr. Benjamin Rush, this organization, which included many Quakers, campaigned for
the imprisonment of criminals rather than physical and capital punishment.
AUBURN SYSTEM
 The Auburn System (New York, 1819) used the Quaker idea of solitary confinement at
night but used a system of congregating inmates in a common workroom during the
day. The prisoners could neither talk nor look at one another. Any violation of the rules
was met with immediate and strict discipline. Each supervisor had the right to flog an
inmate who violated the rules.
AUBURN VS PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM
 Both the Pennsylvania and Auburn systems dictated that offenders should be isolated
and have a disciplined routine. European countries tended to adopt the Pennsylvania
system while most American states chose the Auburn system. While these methods
made it easier to run a prison, they did little to rehabilitate prisoners.
THE CINCINNATI DECLARATION
Because many prison administrators were corrupt, convicts were mistreated and used
as cheap labor. However, a growing number of prison reformers were beginning to believe that
the prison system should be more committed to reform. In 1870 the newly established National
Prison Association (which later became the American Correctional Association) met in
Cincinnati, Ohio, and issued a Declaration of Principles. The philosophy of the Auburn system
(fixed sentences, silence, isolation, harsh punishment, lockstep work) was considered
degrading and destructive to the human spirit.
 The values in the Declaration of Principles included the following:
 The penal system should be based on reformation, not suffering, and prisoners should
be educated to be free, industrious citizens able to function in society, not orderly
inmates controlled by the guards.
 Good conduct should be rewarded.
 Indeterminate sentencing (not a mandated exact sentence) should include the ability for
prisoners to earn their freedom early through hard work and good behavior.
 Citizens should understand that society is responsible for the conditions that lead to
crime.
 Prisoners should recognize that they can change their lives.
THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
 Corrections in the Philippines started during pre-colonial times. It was however
organized on individual community basis. It was only during the Spanish regime when
an organized corrective service was made operational.
 WHEN THE AMERICANS TOOK OVER IN THE 1900s, THE BUREAU OF PRISONS
WAS CREATED UNDER THE RE-ORGANIZATION ACT OF 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated
November 1, 1905)
 The main penitentiary was the Old Bilibid prison in Oroquieta Street, Manila, which was
established in 1847 pursuant to Section 1708 of the Revised Administrative Code. It
was formally opened by a Royal Decree in 1865. About four years later or on August 21,
1869, the San Ramon prison and penal farm in Zamboanga City was established to
confine Muslim rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners opposed to the Spanish rule.
The facility, which faces Jolo sea, has the Spanish-inspired dormitories and originally
set on 1,414 hectares sprawling estate.
 When the Americans took over in the 1900s, the Bureau of Prisons was created under
the Reorganization Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated November 1, 1905) as an agency
under the Department of Commerce and Police. It also paved the way for the re-
establishment of San Ramon Prison in 1907 which was destroyed during the Spanish-
American War. On January 1, 1915, the San Ramon Prison was placed under the
auspices of the Bureau of Prisons and started receiving prisoners from Mindanao.
7 PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, is the main insular penitentiary designed
to house the prison population of the Philippines.
2. The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City / and The CIW
Mindanao, Panabo, Davao the Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) is a
women's prison located in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. The prison is
operated by the Bureau of Corrections
 a. The first, which was founded in 1932 is the Correctional Institution for Women
situated in Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila (CIWM)
3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines is
one of seven operating units of the Bureau ofCorrections under the Department of
Justice.
4. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro
a. Nearer to Manila than other penal colonies, the Sablayan Penal Colony is located
in Occidental Mindoro and relatively new. Established on September 26, 1954
by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 72, the penal colony has a total land
area of approximately 16,190 hectares.
5. The San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm is situated in ZamboangaCity, Philippines.
It was established to house the Muslim rebels and prisonersopposing the Spanish
leadership.
6. Leyte Regional Prison. The Leyte Regional Prison, situated in Abuyog,Southern
Leyte, was established a year after the declaration of martial law in1972 by virtue of
Presidential Decree No. 28.
7. Davao Prison and Penal Farm (formerly Davao Penal Colony (DaPeCol))was
established on January 21, 1932 in Panabo City, Davao delNorte, Philippines.

1: CORRECTIONS
A branch of the administration of the
criminal justice system charged with the
responsibility for the custody supervision
and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.
It is the fourth and it is considered to be
weakest pillar of the criminal justice in the
Philippines
It is considered to be the weakest pillar
because of failure to deter individuals in
committing crimes as well as the
reformation of criminal offenders
2: CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
Study of practice in systematic
management concerned with the custody
,treatment and rehabilitation of criminal
offenders.
3: CORRECTION AS A PROCESS
Refers to the reorientation of the criminal
offender to prevent him or her from
repeating his deviant (abnormal) or
delinquent (criminal, felonious, wrong)
actions without the necessary of taking
punitive actions but rather the introduction
of individual measures of reformation.
7: CONTROL
Control involves supervision of prisoners to
insure punctual and orderly movement to
and from the dormitories, place of work
,church, hospitals recreational facilities, in
accordance with the daily schedules.
8: COUNSELLING
It Is defined as a relationship in which one
endeavors to help another and solve his
problem of adjustment it is distinguished
from advice and admonition in that it
implies mutual consent.
9: CASE WORK
In correctional work includes the
professional service rendered by
professionally trained personnel in the
description and social treatment of
offenders.
4: CLASSIFICATION
It is a method by which diagnosis
,treatment , planning and execution of
treatment program in individual case
This of these refers to the assigning or
grouping of offenders according to their
sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
criminal record, etc.
5: CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
It is the machinery used by a government
to protect the society against criminality
and other peace and order problems.
6: CUSTODY
Guarding and penal safe keeping
The maintenance of care and protection
accorded to people who by authority of law
are temporarily incarcerated (confined, imprison,
locked up...) for violation of laws
and also those who were sentenced by the
court to serve judgment.
13; DIVERSIFICATION
The principle of separating homogenous
type of prisoners that requires special
treatment and custody.
14: IMPRISONMENT
The process putting of offenders in prison
for the purpose of protecting the public and
at the same time rehabilitating them by
requiring the latter to undergo institutional
treatment Program
15: MORALE
Is the mental condition of individuals or
group regarding courage, zeal, hope and
confidence in the present principle and way
of life
16: PENOLOGY
The study of punishment for the crime or of
the criminal offenders
Is a term derived from the Latin word
POENA which means pain or suffering
Otherwise known as Penal science
Can be defined as the division of
criminology that deals with the prison
management and treatment of offenders
10: CONTRABAND
Is anything found in the possession of the
prisoner contrary to rules and regulation
11: DISCIPLINE
It has also been defined as a continuing
state of good order and behavior
It includes the maintenance of good
standards of work, sanitation, safety,
education personal health and
recreation.
12 INSTITUTION-BASED CORRECTION
PRACTICES
Offenders found guilty and sentenced by
the Courts for confinement are categorized
based on their length of sentence into
either a municipal, city, provincial or
national prisoner facilities based on these
categorizations
23: ESCAPE
An act of getting out unlawfully from
confinement or custody by an inmate
24: INMATE
It refers to either a prisoner or detainee
confined in jail
25: PRISONER
An inmate who was convicted by final
judgment and classified as insular, city or
Municipal.
26: MITTIMUS
A warrant issued by a court bearing its
seal and signature of the judge, directing
the jail or prison authorities to receive
inmates for custody or service of sentence
imposed therein
and concerned itself with the philosophy
and practice of society in its effort to
repress criminal activities
17: PUNISHMENT
It is the redress that the state takes against
an offending members for the
transgression of law.
18: PENALTY
The suffering that the state takes against
the offending members for the
transgression of law.
19: PENAL MANAGEMENT
It is the manner or practice or controlling
places of confinement like jails or prison
20: PROSELYTIZING
The act of prisoner trying to convert or
induce another to change his religious
belief, sect or the like to another
21: CONTRABAND
Any article, item or thing prohibited by law
and /or forbidden by jail rules
22; DETAINEE
A person accused before a court or
competent authority who is temporarily
confined in jail while undergoing
investigation or waiting for final judgment.
27: COMMITMENT ORDER
A written order of the court or any other
competent authority consigning an offender
to jail or prison for confinement
28: SAFE KEEPING
The temporary custody of a person for his
own protection .safety or care and his
security from harm ,injury
shall refer to the act that ensures the public
(including families of inmates and their
victims) that national inmates are provided
with their basic needs, completely
incapacitated from further committing
criminal acts, and have been totally cut off
from their criminal networks (or contacts in
the free society) while serving sentence
inside the premises of the national
penitentiary.
This act also includes protection against
illegal organized armed groups which have
the capacity of launching an attack on any
prison camp of the national penitentiary to
rescue their convicted comrade or to
forcibly amass firearms issued to prison
guards.
29; SUBSIDIARY IMPRISONMENT
30: INSOLVENT
A convicted offender who cannot pay a fine
that is imposed upon him
31; INSTRUMENT FO RESTRAINT
A device contrivance, tool, or instrument
use to hold back, keep in check or control
an inmate, (e.g. handcuffs, leg irons)
32: OPERATION GREYHOUND
Operation conducted by the BJMP wherein
prisoner may be checked at any time, His
beddings, lockers and personal belongings
may be opened at any time .in his
presence, whenever possible
33: CONJUGAL VISIT
A privilege of a married male prisoner is
visited by his wife and they are granted
time for their marital sexual obligation
34: HALF WAY
These are group homes designed to help
institutionalized people adjust to life in the
outside community
35; CARPETA
Inmate record or jacke, it contains the
personal and criminal records of the
inmate.
36; STRIP SEARCH
A practice of searching a person for
weapons or other contraband suspected of
being hidden on their body or inside their
clothing ,and not found by performing a
frisk search ,by requiring the person to
remove some or all of his or her clothing
.the search may involve an official
performing an inmate person search and
inspecting their personal effects and body
cavities (mouth,vogina,anus etc) A strip
search is more intrusive than a frisk and
requires legal authority .Regulations
covering strip searches vary considerably
,and may be mandatory in some situations
or discretionary in others .
37; SHAKE DOWN
Examination of an inmate for contraband
before admission
38; CONVICTION
(Criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a
criminal and punishment that is imposed
40: REHABILITATION
The task of changing an offender „s
attitude so that he or she may not be
commit Another crime in the future
44: RECIDIVIST
One who at the time of his trial for one
crime shall have been previously convicted
by final judgment of another crime
embraced in the same title of the Revised
Penal code)