Laboratory Manual in Questioned Documents

LABORATORY MANUAL IN QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
RENATO S. BALANQUIT JR. PROF. RIZALINO FLORES

BS CRIM 33
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2
Coverage: Module 2
Title: CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
Objective/s:
1. Recognize types of documents and identify possible document related crimes that can be
committed on them
2. Recognize instruments and tools to be used in the examination of various issues on disputed
documents
3. Identify steps to be followed in the care, preservation and handling of documents
4. Recognize results of various types of forgery
5. Create an infographic showing the various aspects of questioned document examination
Materials/Resources: Internet Connectivity, Glue/paste, Scissor, projector, tracing materials
Procedures:
1. Attach example for each type of document and identify the following:
a. Name of document
b. What part of document may be altered or forged?
2. Identify at least two (2) equipment/apparatus needed for the following:
a. Handwriting and Signature verification
b. Development of latent prints
c. Erasure
d. Obliteration
e. Sequence between overlapping strokes
3. Identify the sequence of steps to be taken to preserve the following:
a. Torn Document
b. Folded document
c. Wet document
4. Create a simulated and traced forgery from a given model signature. Examine and describe
results of various type of forgeries and make a comparison with the genuine signature
5. Create an infographic showing the various aspects of questioned document examination
1|Page
OUTPUT 1
PUBLIC DOCUMENT SAMPLE
1. What is this document? BIRTH CERTIFICATE

2. What part/s of this document may be altered or forged? Explain its effect once forged or altered
The only elements that can be altered or misrepresented are names, birthdates, and places of
birth. By altering or fabricating it, it might be used for personal gain, for as by pretending to be a
wealthy family's long-lost son or daughter. By hiding the perpetrator's identity, it can also be
used to perpetrate crimes, including fraud.
2|Page
PRIVATE DOCUMENT SAMPLE
1. What is this document? LOAN AGREEMENT

The names, signatures, and numbers are the parts that can be changed or falsified. Once it has
been altered or forged, it can be used to appear to be the owner of or to claim someone else's
loan money.
3|Page
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT SAMPLE
1. What is this document? DRIVER’S LICENSE______________________________

Every detail of the document, including the name, expiration date, restrictions, and signatures,
can be changed or fabricated. The negative impacts of it are that if someone does not have a
driver's license, they may not respect traffic laws and may also be a hazard on the road since
they may cause an accident by breaking traffic laws.
4|Page
COMMERCIAL DOCUMENT SAMPLE
1. What is this document? CASH INVOICE______________________________

The part that can be altered or forged in sales invoice is specially the quantity, unit, and amount.
This can be used as scam by saying the certain product has missing item or defective, or also it
can be used in saying that the change amount is insufficient which can be a modus operandi of
criminals specially called budol.
5|Page
OUTPUT 2
1. Identify at least two (2) equipment/apparatus needed for the following:
a. Handwriting and Signature verification
i. Equipment/apparatus that can be utilized

1. MAGNIFYING LENS
2. COPY CAMERA
ii. Discuss how these equipment/apparatus can aid in the examination
By increasing the lettering and signature for a clearer view, the magnifying lens can
assist the document examiner. The copy camera might be helpful by comparing the
required document to the questioned document for purposes of identification and
verification.______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________
b. Development of latent prints

1. IODINE FUMING APPARATUS
2. SILVER NITRATE SOLUTION ATOMIZER
When compared to other methods, iodine fuming apparatus is quick and affordable and
can aid in the inspection by revealing latent prints. By also producing latent print, the
silver nitrate solution atomizer assists. As a result of the silver nitrate's reaction with
sunlight or an ultraviolet lamp, a black latent print is
produced._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________
c. Erasure
6|Page

1. ULTRA-VIOLET LAMP_
2. INFRA-RED VIEWER________________________
The questioned documents' erased writings are developed and restored with the help of
the ultraviolet lamp. Additionally, the Infrared viewer can help by identifying the various
types of paper or ink that were used to create the
document._______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
d. Obliteration

1. INFRA-RED VIEWER_________________________
2. MAGNIFYING LENS
The errors in the writing or printing can be identified with an infrared viewer. By
employing a completely distinct material, it can also distinguish between the types of
ink that are utilized while overwriting. Using a magnifying glass to zoom in on the
overwritten text can help you try to focus and interpret the markings that are
underneath the section that has been intentionally covered.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
e. Sequence between overlapping strokes

1. STEREOSCOPIC BINOCULAR MICROSCOPE
2. MEASURING TEST PLATE
The document examiner benefits from the stereoscopic binocular microscope's 3D

enlargement, which makes it easier to identify a person based on their handwriting
style. Comparison and measurement of the angles, height, width, and spacing of
handwriting and typewriting are made possible with the use of measuring test plates .
7|Page
OUTPUT 3
1. Discuss the sequence of steps to be taken to preserve the following:
a. Torn Document
The investigator should search for torn pieces of documents to recover them, gather
each piece in a protective envelope, and then deliver it right away to the document
examiner lab. Avoid attempting to punch, stamp, or write on every piece for filling
purposes.
b. Folded document
Never attempt to reopen or unfold it because doing so could result in tearing or
breakage. To prevent damage, it is preferable to just take the folded paper and store it
in an evidence bag with a label.
c. Wet document
Wet documents should be air dried before being stored to preserve them. To preserve
the paper's quality, keep it until it is totally dry and make sure it is out of the way of
strong lights and heat sources. Label the plastic evidence bag before placing the
preserved document inside, then do so gently.
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Laboratory Manual in Questioned Documents

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Laboratory Manual in Questioned Documents

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LABORATORY MANUAL IN QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS

RENATO S. BALANQUIT JR. PROF. RIZALINO FLORES

Title: CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS

Materials/Resources: Internet Connectivity, Glue/paste, Scissor, projector, tracing materials

PUBLIC DOCUMENT SAMPLE

1. What is this document? BIRTH CERTIFICATE

PRIVATE DOCUMENT SAMPLE

1. What is this document? LOAN AGREEMENT

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT SAMPLE

1. What is this document? DRIVER’S LICENSE______________________________

COMMERCIAL DOCUMENT SAMPLE

1. What is this document? CASH INVOICE______________________________

1. Identify at least two (2) equipment/apparatus needed for the following:

a. Handwriting and Signature verification

i. Equipment/apparatus that can be utilized

b. Development of latent prints

i. Equipment/apparatus that can be utilized

i. Equipment/apparatus that can be utilized

i. Equipment/apparatus that can be utilized

e. Sequence between overlapping strokes

i. Equipment/apparatus that can be utilized

The document examiner benefits from the stereoscopic binocular microscope's 3D

1. Discuss the sequence of steps to be taken to preserve the following:

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