Ceramics International 47 (2021) 15979–15984

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Ceramics International
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ceramint

Structural and impedance spectroscopy study of

Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite
Ashish Shukla
Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Dumna Airport Road, Madhya Pradesh, 482005, India

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Keywords: The experimental study on temperature and frequency dependent impedance spectroscopy study of an anti­
Antiperovskite perovskite is being reported for the first time in this work as until now only the theoretical studies on dielectric
Dielectric constant behavior of various antiperovskites have been reported. Additionally, the effect of the presence of alkaline earth
Dielectric loss
metals at A-site on the physical properties of an antiperovskite has been investigated for the first time. The
Maxwell–wagner form of interfacial
polarization
structural and impedance characteristics of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite, synthesized by mixed oxide
Complex impedance method, have been reported in this work. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis of this antiperovskite indexes it in a
cubic crystal system with Ia3 space group. The impedance spectroscopy study reveals that the persistent rise in
the magnitude of relative dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tan δ), with increasing temperature, is due to
thermally activated charge carriers which results in the surge in conductivity of the sample. The dielectric
dispersion in this antiperovskite is ascribed to Maxwell–Wagner form of interfacial polarization that is explained
on the basis of Koop’s phenomenological theory. The complex impedance analysis signifies a non-Debye
relaxation process for this compound.

1. Introduction antiperovskite by simultaneously substituting C and B in place of N as

The antiperovskite intermetallic compounds with conventional rep­
resentation as AXM3 (A: main group elements; X: carbon, boron or ni­
trogen; M: transition metal) have demonstrated some fascinating
physical properties, like superconductivity [1,2], giant magnetoresis­
tance [3], large negative magnetocaloric effect (MCE) [4,5], giant
negative thermal expansion (NTE) [6,7]. Antiperovskite manganese ni­
trides Mn3XN (X represents transitional metals and semiconducting el­
ements) [8] which possess large NTE up to α = − 30 × 10− 6 K− 1 (α
denotes coefficient of linear thermal expansion) at room temperature [6,
7,9–12] signify a pure-form zero thermal expansion (ZTE) material. The
transport phenomenon in AlCxMn3 is a consequence of electron – elec­
tron scattering (T2 term) and electron-phonon scattering (linear term)
for 5 K < T < 100 K and 100 K < T < 250 K, respectively. The coefficient
of the T2 term increases with increase in the magnitude of x, that is
probably associated with the variations occurring in the electronic
structure. For T > 250 K, the resistivity of all the samples displays a
propensity to reach saturation [13]. CuNMn3 exhibits approximately
zero temperature coefficient of resistance (ZTCR) [14]. MgCNi3 shows
superconductivity but SbNMg3 is an insulator [1,15]. Colossal NTE, over
α = − 30 × 10− 6 K− 1 at room temperature, can be realised in Mn3ZnN
well as Sn in place of Zn [16]. CuNNi3 is a weak coupling type II su­
perconductor and its superconductivity is a consequence of electron -
phonon coupling [17]. The electronic behaviour of AC(Pd,Pt)3 (A = Zn,
Ca, Al, Ga, In, Ge, Hg, Sn, Cd, Pb, Ag, Sc, Ti, Y, Nb, Mo, and Ta)
antiperovskite-type ternary carbides vary depending upon the kind of A
sublattices, as demonstrated through first-principles calculations by V.V.
Bannikov et al. [18]. The investigation of thermoelectric properties of
antiperovskite carbides ACCo3 (A = Al, Ga, Ge, Sn) and several other
antiperovskite carbides that are isostructural with it, consider SnCM3
(M = Mn, Fe), produced considerably good thermoelectric performance
augmented with robust electron correlation for SnCCo3. The strong
electron correlation is associated to the large magnitude of Seebeck
coefficient of SnCCo3 [19]. Q Mahmood et al. [20] theoretically inves­
tigated the nature of real and imaginary part of dielectric constant with
energy (eV) for Ca3XO (X = Si, Ge). The maximum possible value of real
part of dielectric constant is 15 for both, Si and Ge. The appearance of an
arc on Nyquist plot (-Z′′ Vs Z′ plot) signifies that Li3OCl antiperovskite
acts as an electrolyte resistance that is in parallel with an inter-electrode
capacitance [21]. It is also worth noting that the highest theoretically
achievable magnitude of real part of dielectric constant for MgCNi3 is
around 280 [22].

E-mail addresses: ashish18081988@gmail.com, ashishshukla@iiitdmj.ac.in.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.02.172
Received 14 January 2021; Received in revised form 14 February 2021; Accepted 18 February 2021
Available online 21 February 2021
0272-8842/© 2021 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
A. Shukla Ceramics International 47 (2021) 15979–15984

Table 1
Results obtained through XRD analysis of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5
antiperovskite.
Antiperovskite Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5

Crystal Structure Cubic

Space Group Ia3
a (Å) 10.59
V (Å3) 1187.64

Fig. 1. XRD pattern of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite.

Partial substitution of A-site element by other element(s) also in­

fluences the physical properties of the antiperovskites. The variation of
quantity of Co-doping in Mn3Zn1-xCoxN complicates the magnetic in­
teractions, which leads to a strong competition among antiferromag­
netic and ferromagnetic state. Rapid increase in resistivity and negative
thermal expansion, both linked to the complex magnetic transition,
occurred in all investigated cases [23]. Partial Substitution of Mn at
M-site by Co in Mn3-yCoyCuN successfully tuned the physical charac­
teristics like near zero TCR, in these antiperovskites [24]. Further, in
Mn3-yCoyCuN and CuN1-xCxMn3 antiperovskites, the gradually
decreasing nature of TCR and change of its value from positive to
negative with increasing dopant concentration within the investigated
temperature range, hints at the probability of attainment of zero TCR at
an optimized dopant concentration [24].
Above literatures conclusively indicate that structural, magnetic,
electrical, thermal and thermoelectric studies have been carried out
widely for C and N based antiperovskites but temperature and frequency
dependent experimental impedance spectroscopy studies of anti­
perovskites are still scarce. Moreover, the presence of more than one
element at M and A-site leads to some exceptional physical properties Fig. 2. Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite: (a) EDS spectrum and (b) Grain
[23,24]. Further, no effort has been made by any research group, till size and shape.
now, to study the effect of presence of alkaline earth metal (at A-site) on
the physical properties of the antiperovskites. Hence, in this work, A-site (RT) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) study conducted on Bruker SAX, D8
of the antiperovskite i.e., in Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5, consists of two alka­ Advance X-Ray Diffractometer with 2θ range 15o- 60◦ . Scanning Elec­
line earth metals and Mn at M -site has been substituted partially by Y. tron Microscope (SEM) studies were conducted on Carl Zeiss, Ultra Plus
An effort has been made to report the experimental impedance spec­ field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Temperature
troscopy study (i.e., Dielectric constant, Dielectric loss and Complex and frequency dependent dielectric studies were conducted on Way­
impedance) of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite. neKerr 6500 B impedance analyzer which involved circular disk pellets
sintered at 950 ◦ C for dielectric behaviour analysis. Electrodes for
2. Experimental procedure dielectric measurements were prepared by applying silver paste on both
the circular faces of the pellet.
Powder sample of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite was prepared
through conventional mixed-oxide method by taking stoichiometric 3. Results and discussion
quantities of precursors namely, manganese nitrate, yttrium nitrate,
activated charcoal, strontium nitrate and barium nitrate. These pre­ 3.1. Structural and microstructural analysis
cursors were ground thoroughly in an agate mortar pestle with addition
of little quantity of methanol. Methanol allows homogeneous mixing of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5, as
these precursors. The resultant mixture was then heated in air at 400 ◦ C shown in Fig. 1, allows this antiperovskite to be indexed in a cubic
and 800 ◦ C for 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Powder obtained after sin­ crystal system with Ia3 space group. Table 1 shows some important
tering at 800 ◦ C was used to prepare circular disk pellets of 10 mm results obtained from XRD analysis of the sample.
diameter and 3 mm thickness under 10 kN load and these pellets were Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum (Fig. 2 (a)) confirms
ultimately sintered at 950 ◦ C for 48 h. Pellets sintered at 950 ◦ C were the presence of Mn, Y, C, Sr, and Ba, which further validates that inside
ground thoroughly into fine powder that was used for room temperature the limits of experimental errors, none of the elements are lost during

15980
A. Shukla
Fig. 3. Temperature dependent dielectric properties of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5
antiperovskite at various frequencies: (a) dielectric constant, and (b) dielec­
tric loss.
sintering of the sample at various temperatures.
The SEM image in Fig. 2 (b) confirms that the crystallite size is less
than 100 nm. Further, agglomerated spherical nano crystallites also
appear in this compound as marked by ellipse (red color) in Fig. 2 (b).
Overall, the grains have compact arrangement as visible in Fig. 2 (b).
3.2. Impedance spectroscopy study
3.2.1. Dielectric characterization
The nature of dielectric constant stems from various polarizations,
namely interfacial, dipolar, ionic, or electronic [25,26], that predomi­
nantly influence dielectric behavior. These polarization mechanisms are
strongly influenced by the frequency of applied field. When the
magnitude of frequency is lower, the influence of interfacial and dipolar
polarizations on dielectric behavior is predominant, while at higher
magnitude of frequencies, the electronic polarization exclusively de­
termines the dielectric nature of any material. However, the magnitude
that is being referred to as low frequency and high frequency varies with
the material under investigation [27].
The variation of relative dielectric constant (εr) of
Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite, with temperature at frequencies in
the range 100 Hz–100 kHz, has been plotted in Fig. 3 (a). The high
magnitude of εr at low frequencies is due to the contribution of presence
of all possible type of polarization mechanisms (i.e., interfacial, dipolar,
atomic, ionic and electronic) in a material. But, at high frequencies only
electronic polarization has a predominant contribution to εr while
contribution due to other polarization mechanisms diminishes signifi­
cantly. Hence, the magnitude of εr is lower at high frequencies [27]. The
15981
Ceramics International 47 (2021) 15979–15984
Fig. 4. Variation of (a) dielectric constant and (b) tangent loss of
Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite with frequency at different temperatures.
steady rise in εr with increasing temperature is attributable to reduction
in the relaxation time of interface polarization [28]. Eyring formula,
equation (1), defines the relation existing between polarization relaxa­
tion time and temperature [29].
( ) ( )
h
ΔH
RT − ΔS
R
τ (T) = e e (1)
kT
Here, h is Planck’s constant; k is Boltzmann’s constant; ΔH is
enthalpy and ΔS is the entropy of activation.
According to the Debye concept, εr is a function of temperature
dependent polarization relaxation time τ (T) as given in equation (2).
εs − ε∞
εr = ε∞ + (2)
1 + ω2 τ(T)2
Here, εs and ε∞ represent static permittivity and relative dielectric
permittivity at high frequency, respectively; ω denotes angular
frequency.
Considering equations (1) and (2) simultaneously, it can possibly be
concluded that the relaxation time of interface polarization reduces with
rising temperature, which in turn increases the magnitude of εr [29].
This behavior of εr could occur as a consequence of mobility of space
charges [30]. The effect of temperature on dielectric loss (tan δ) at
different frequencies (Fig. 3 (b)) is to raise its magnitude sharply which
could occur owing to the existence of few unknown defects (which may
be oxygen vacancies), scattering of activated charge carriers in the
specimen. The persistent rise in the magnitude of εr and tan δ is due to
thermally activated charge carriers which result in the surge in con­
ductivity of the sample [31].
The frequency dependence of εr for Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5
 A. Shukla
Fig. 5. Experimental Nyquist plots of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite at
different temperatures.
antiperovskite at six different values of temperature is shown in Fig. 4
(a). At low frequencies, the εr value remains significantly higher as
compared to its high frequency magnitude. This is attributed to the
existence of space charge polarization at the grain boundaries that cre­
ates a potential barrier. This potential barrier leads to accumulation of
charge at the grain boundary, which in turn increases εr values at low
frequencies [32]. As frequency increases, the magnitude of εr falls
sharply due to weakening of space charge polarization effect. At fre­
quencies higher than 105 Hz, the εr magnitude remains nearly constant.
It is worth noting that, at all temperatures, εr magnitude increases with
increasing temperature at a particular frequency.
However, the dispersive dielectric nature of this antiperovskite could
be elucidated through the supremacy of grain boundaries contribution
over the effect induced due to grains. This is ascribed to Max­
well–Wagner form of interfacial polarization which could be explained
based on Koop’s phenomenological theory [33,34]. The obtained values
of εr for this antiperovskite are higher than those reported for various
perovskite oxides such as LaBO3 (B = Er,Ho) [27], (1-x)Ba0.8Ca0.2
TiO3–xBi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 (x = 0.2; 0.5) [35], BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and KTiO3
[36], SmFe0.5Co0.5O3 [37], BiCu2.5Mn0.5Ti2.5Fe1.5O12 [38], and 3%
Fe-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 [39]. The tan δ magnitude (Fig. 4 (b)) is associ­
ated to the dielectric relaxation process. It signifies the loss of energy
and arises if the polarization lags the applied field which is triggered by
the grain boundaries. The dynamics of tan δ in a dielectric is associated
with the contributions from (i) interfacial polarization, (ii) direct current
conduction, and (iii) dipole loss [40]. The high magnitude of tan δ at
frequencies lower than 103 Hz occurs because of higher resistivity of
grain boundaries in comparison to the grains that possess lower re­
sistivity [41].
3.2.2. Complex impedance study
The impedance spectroscopy happens to be a valuable approach for
describing the conduction mechanism involved in a material and
thereby assists in evaluating its electrical properties. The complex
impedance (Z*) characteristics of any material can be inferenced by
analyzing the plot describing the imaginary part (Z′′ ) and real part (Z′ ) of
complex impedance, which is also referred to as Nyquist plot (Fig. 5)
[27].
At low temperature (80 ◦ C), a near straight line variation of Z′′ with
Z′ indicates a prominent insulating nature of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 anti­
perovskite. With further increase in temperature, the -Z′′ Vs Z′ curves
characterize semicircles with continuously decreasing diameter at each
15982
­
Ceramics International 47 (2021) 15979–15984
Fig. 6. Semi-logarithmic variation of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite with
frequency at 80 and 180 ◦ C: (a) Z′ , and (b) Z". Insets in respective figures
represent the variation of Z′ and Z′′ with frequency at 280, 380 and 480 ◦ C.
measured temperature and center of these semicircles lies under the Z′
axis. This nature of -Z′′ - Z′ curves is representative of a non-Debye
relaxation process [42,43]. This decrease in the diameter of semi­
circles is associated to the drop in resistance, which is determined by
locating the intercept made by these semicircles on Z′ axis.
Nyquist plots explain the occurrence of singular semicircles for this
antiperovskite, implying that the equivalent electrical circuit could be
developed as a parallel arrangement involving two components: (i) bulk
resistance (Rb), and (ii) Constant phase element (CPE). The CPE is taken
into consideration in place of bulk capacitance for justifying the semi­
circle depression and the nonconformity with the ideal model. Hence,
overall complex impedance (Z* ) can be described by equation (3):
[ ]− 1
1 1
Z * = Z + jZ ′′ = (3)
′
+
Rb ZCPE
Here, ZCPE represents the impedance of CPE [27].
The variation of Z′ with frequency at different values of temperatures
in Fig. 6 (a) clearly specifies that the magnitude of impedance is greater
at low temperatures in the low frequency region and it, then, decreases
steadily with increase in frequency. This behavior of Z′ suggests the rise
in ac conductivity with frequency. Furthermore, the value of Z′ declines
as the temperature increases. It has also been observed that Z′ curves
obtained at different temperatures merge with each other in high fre­
quency region, which may be a consequence of release of space charge
[44]. Fig. 6 (b) describes the nature of -Z′′ at distinct temperatures. With
rise in temperature, a decline in the magnitude of -Z′′ is visible and all
the peaks reveal asymmetric broadening. Also, the position of these
A. Shukla
Fig. 7. Variation of Z"/Z ′′
max with f/fmax for Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5
antiperovskite.
Fig. 8. Variation in log (τ) with 103/T for Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite
sample. Solid red line represents the obtained linear fit. (For interpretation of
the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web
version of this article.)
peaks shifts towards high frequency region. Therefore, the broadening of
these peaks advocates the occurrence of several relaxation processes,
that further implies the existence of a distribution of relaxation time (τ)
[45].
The imaginary part of complex impedance has been normalized as
Z"/Z′′ max and its dependence on normalized frequency (f/fmax) has been
plotted at some particular temperatures in Fig. 7. The peaks detected
with a minor symmetric broadening at every indicated temperature
further confirms the occurrence of electrical phenomena with a spread
of relaxation times [46]. The location of these peaks helps in establishing
the magnitude of the relaxation frequency (fmax) and the relaxation time
(τ) through equation (4). Moreover, the -Z′′ curves enable the determi­
nation of the best reasonable value of τ [47] that is a critical parameter
depending upon material properties and symbolizes the likelihoods of
dipoles transition and rotation triggered by the increase in temperature
[48]. This parameter is calculated by utilizing equation (4) [27]:
15983
Ceramics International 47 (2021) 15979–15984
1
τ= (4)
2πfmax
Another method of determining the relaxation time (τ) is the
Arrhenius equation given by relation in equation (5) as:
( )
Ea
(5)
kB T
τ = τ0 e
3
The variation of log(τ) versus 10 /T is shown in Fig. 8. It can be seen
that the magnitude of τ declines as the temperature increases. This
behavior signifies a thermally activated process. This relaxation phe­
nomenon is described by the activation energy (Ea) of about 0.34 eV.
Such high magnitude of Ea is indicative of the fact that the associated
conduction mechanism occurs owing to the polaron hopping based on
electron carriers [49].
4. Conclusions
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first experimental
study on the temperature and frequency dependent impedance spec­
troscopy of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 antiperovskite, although several theo­
retical studies on variation of dielectric behavior with energy have been
reported for various antiperovskites. It is worth noting that it is the first
study to investigate the influence on the physical properties of an anti­
perovskite due to the presence of alkaline earth metals at A-site. The
structural and Impedance behavior of Mn1.5Y1.5CSr1.5Ba1.5 anti­
perovskite has been investigated in this work. The steady rise in εr with
temperature is attributable to reduction in the relaxation time of inter­
face polarization. Dispersive dielectric nature of this antiperovskite
could be elucidated through the supremacy of grain boundaries contri­
bution over the effect induced due to grains. The broadening of -Z′′ peaks
advocate the occurrence of several relaxation mechanisms, which
further implies the existence of a distribution of relaxation time (τ).
Also, the high magnitude of Ea is indicative of the fact that the involved
conduction mechanism occurs owing to the polaron hopping based on
electron carriers.
The high value of εr in the studied temperature range makes this
antiperovskite a suitable candidate for class II ceramic capacitors. This
study shall cause the curiosity in researchers for investigating the
impedance study of other novel antiperovskites.
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial
interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence
the work reported in this paper.
References
[1] T. He, Q. Huang, A.P. Ramirez, Y. Wang, K.A. Regan, N. Rogado, M.A. Hayward, M.
K. Haas, J.S. Slusky, K. Inumara, H.W. Zandbergen, N.P. Ong, R.J. Cava,
Superconductivity in the non-oxide perovskite MgCNi3, Nature (London) 411
(2001) 54.
[2] M. Uehara, T. Yamazaki, T. Kori, T. Kashida, Y. Kimishima, I. Hase,
Superconducting properties of CdCNi3, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76 (2007), 034714.
[3] K. Kamishima, T. Goto, H. Nakagawa, N. Miura, M. Ohashi, N. Mori, T. Sasaki,
T. Kanomata, Giant magnetoresistance in the intermetallic compound Mn3GaC,
Phys. Rev. B 63 (2000), 024426.
[4] T. Tohei, H. Wada, T. Kanomata, Negative magnetocaloric effect at the
antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition of Mn3GaC, J. Appl. Phys. 94 (2003)
1800.
[5] M.H. Yu, L.H. Lewis, A.R. Moodenbaugh, Large magnetic entropy changes in the
metallic antiperovskite Mn3GaC, J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003) 10128.
[6] K. Takenaka, H. Takagi, Giant negative thermal expansion in Ge-doped anti-
perovskite manganese nitrides, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 (2005) 261902.
[7] K. Takenaka, K. Asano, M. Misawa, H. Takagi, Negative thermal expansion in Ge-
free antiperovskite manganese nitrides: tin-doping effect, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92
(2008), 011927.
[8] D. Fruchart, E.F. Bertaut, Magnetic studies of the metallic perovskite type
compounds of manganese, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 44 (1978) 781.
A. Shukla
[9] K. Takenaka, H. Takagi, Magnetovolume effect and negative thermal expansion in
Mn3(Cu1-xGex)N, Mater. Trans. 47 (2006) 471.
[10] Y. Sun, C. Wang, Y. Wen, K. Zhu, J. Zhao, Lattice contraction and magnetic and
electronic transport properties of Mn3Zn1-xGexN, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (2007)
231913.
[11] S. Iikubo, K. Kodama, K. Takenaka, H. Takagi, S. Shamoto, Magnetovolume effect
in Mn3Cu1-xGexN related to the magnetic structure: neutron powder diffraction
measurements, Phys. Rev. B 77 (2008), 020409(R).
[12] R. Huang, L. Li, F. Cai, X. Xu, L. Qian, Low-temperature negative thermal
expansion of the antiperovskite manganese nitride Mn3CuN codoped with Ge and
Si, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 (2008), 081902.
[13] P. Tong, Y.P. Sun, B.C. Zhao, X.B. Zhu, W.H. Song, Influence of carbon
concentration on structural, magnetic and electrical transport properties for
antiperovskite componds AlCxMn3, Solid State Commun. 138 (2006) 64.
[14] E.O. Chi, W.S. Kim, N.H. Hur, Nearly zero temperature coefficient of resistivity in
antiperovskite compound CuNMn3, Solid State Commun. 120 (2001) 307.
[15] E.O. Chi, W.S. Kim, N.H. Hur, D. Jung, New Mg-based antiperovskites PnNMg3 (pn
= as, Sb), Solid State Commun. 121 (2002) 309.
[16] T. Hamada, K. Takenaka, Giant negative thermal expansion in antiperovskite
manganese nitrides, J. Appl. Phys. 109 (2011), 07E309.
[17] B. He, C. Dong, L. Yang, X. Chen, L. Ge, L. Mu, Y. Shi, CuNNi3: a new nitride
superconductor with antiperovskite structure, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26 (2013)
125015.
[18] V.V. Bannikov, A.L. Ivanovskii, Elastic and electronic properties of antiperovskite-
type Pd- and Pt-based ternary carbides from first-principles calculations”, J. Alloys
Compd. 577 (2013) 615.
[19] S. Lin, P. Tong, B. Wang, J. Lin, Y. Huang, Y. Sun, Good thermoelectric
performance in strongly correlated system SnCCo3 with antiperovskite structure,
Inorg. Chem. 53 (2014) 3709.
[20] Q. Mahmood, A. Ashraf, M. Hassan, Investigations of optical and thermoelectric
response of direct band gap Ca3XO (X = Si, Ge) anti-perovskites stabilized in cubic
and orthorhombic phases, Indian J. Phys. 92 (7) (2018) 865.
[21] Y. Zhao, L.L. Daemen, Superionic conductivity in lithium-rich anti-perovskites,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (2012) 15042.
[22] C.M.I. Okoye, Optical properties of the antiperovskite superconductor MgCNi3,
J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15 (2003) 833.
[23] L. Chu, L. Ding, C. Wang, M. Li, Y. Guo, Z. Liu, Unusual electrical transport driven
by the competition between antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism in
antiperovskite Mn3Zn1-xCoxN, Materials 11 (2018) 286.
[24] J.C. Lin, B.S. Wang, P. Tong, S. Lin, W.J. Lu, X.B. Zhu, Z.R. Yang, W.H. Song, J.
M. Dai, Y.P. Sun, Tunable temperature coefficient of resistivity in C- and Co-doped
CuNMn3, Scripta Mater. 65 (2011) 452.
[25] S. Kar, High Permittivity Gate Dielectric Materials, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg),
2013.
[26] X. Huang, C. Zhi, Polymer Nanocomposites: Electrical and Thermal Properties,
Springer International Publishing, 2016.
[27] A. Sia, K.H. Naifer, M. Ferid, An investigation into the dielectric and electrical
properties of LaErO3 and LaHoO3 rare earth perovskites, J. Appl. Phys. 123 (2018),
035105.
[28] W.-L. Song, M.-S. Cao, Z.-L. Hou, X.-Y. Fang, X.-L. Shi, J. Yuan, High dielectric loss
and its monotonic dependence of conducting-dominated multiwalled carbon
nanotubes/silica nanocomposite on temperature ranging from 373 to 873 K in X-
band, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 (2009) 233110.
[29] K.B. Choi, S.M. in Lee, J.Y. Hwang, D.H. Yoon, K.H. Lee, J.Y. Kim, Frequency-
independent and colossal dielectric permittivity of platy alumina/few-layer
graphene multilayered composites, Bull. Kor. Chem. Soc. 39 (2018) 442–447.
15984
Ceramics International 47 (2021) 15979–15984
[30] K. Jawahar, R.N.P. Choudhary, Structural and dielectric properties of Y3/2Bi3/
2Fe5O12, Mater. Lett. 62 (2008) 911–913.
[31] S. Halder, S. Bhuyan, R.N.P. Choudhary, Structural, dielectric and electrical
characteristics of lead-free electro-ceramic: Bi(Ni2/3Ta1/3)O3, Eng. Sci. Technol. an
Int. J. 22 (2019) 376–384.
[32] M.A. Dar, K. Majid, K.M. Batoo, R.K. Kotnala, Dielectric and impedance study of
polycrystalline Li0.35-0.5XCd0.3NiXFe2.35-0.5XO4 ferrites synthesized via a citrate-gel
auto combustion method, J. Alloys Compd. 632 (2015) 307–320.
[33] C.G. Koops, On the dispersion of resistivity and dielectric constant of some
semiconductors at audiofrequencies, Phys. Rev. 83 (1951) 121.
[34] L. Chauhan, A.K. Shukla, K. Sreenivas, Dielectric and magnetic properties of Nickel
ferrite ceramics using crystalline powders derived from DL alanine fuel in sol–gel
auto-combustion, Ceram. Int. 41 (2015) 8341–8351.
[35] A. Zeb, S.J. Milne, Stability of high-temperature dielectric properties for (1-x)
Ba0.8Ca0.2TiO3–xBi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 96 (9) (2013) 2887.
[36] A.V. Roekeghem, J. Carrete, S. Curtarolo, N. Mingo, High-throughput study of the
static dielectric constant at high temperatures in oxide and fluoride cubic
perovskites, Phys. Rev. Materials 4 (2020) 113804.
[37] A. Shukla, A. Singh, M.M. Seikh, A.K. Kundu, Low temperature magneto-dielectric
coupling in nanoscale layered SmFe0.5Co0.5O3 perovskite, J. Phys. Chem. Solid.
127 (2019) 164.
[38] A. Haque, A. Shukla, U. Dutta, D. Ghosh, A. Gayen, P. Mahata, M. Vasundhara, A.
K. Kundu, M.M. Seikh, Incompatible magnetic and dielectric properties of BiCu3-
xMnxTi4-yMyO12 (x = 0 & 0.5; y = 1 & 1.5 and M = Fe & Mn), Ceram. Int. 46 (2020)
5907.
[39] R.K. Grubbs, E.L. Venturini, P.G. Clem, J.J. Richardson, B.A. Tuttle, G.A. Samara,
Dielectric and magnetic properties of Fe- and Nb-doped CaCu3Ti4O12, Phys. Rev. B
72 (2005) 104111.
[40] K. Yang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, L. Xie, P. Jiang, FluoroPolymer@BaTiO3 hybrid
nanoparticles prepared via RAFT polymerization: toward ferroelectric polymer
nanocomposites with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss for energy
storage application, Chem. Mater. 25 (2013) 2327–2338.
[41] Ch Rayssi, S. El Kossi, J. Dhahri K. Khirouni, Frequency and temperature-
dependence of dielectric permittivity and electric modulus studies of the solid
solution Ca0.85Er0.1Ti1-xCo4x/3O3 (0 ≤x ≤0.1), RSC Adv. 8 (2018) 17139–17150.
[42] A. Hunt, Non-Debye relaxation and the glass transition, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 160 (3)
(1993) 183–227.
[43] E. Barsoukov, J.R. Macdonald, Impedance Spectroscopy Theory, Experiment, and
Applications, second ed., Wiley, USA, 2005.
[44] Lily, K. Kumari, Prasad Prasad, R.N.P. Choudhary, Impedance spectroscopy of
(Na0.5Bi0.5)(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 lead-free ceramic, J. Alloys Compd. 453 (2008) 325.
[45] P. Nayak, T. Badapanda, A.K. Singh, S. Panigrahi, An approach for correlating the
structural and electrical properties of Zr4+- modified SrBi4Ti4O15/SBT ceramic,
RSC Adv. 7 (27) (2017) 16319–16331.
[46] C.K. Suman, K. Prasad, R.N.P. Choudahary, Complex impedance studies on
tungsten-bronze electroceramic: Pb2Bi3LaTi5O18, J. Mater. Sci. 41 (2006) 369–375.
[47] R. Sagar, R.L. Raibagkar, Complex impedance and modulus studies of cerium
doped barium zirconium titanate solid solution, J. Alloys Compd. 549 (2013)
206–212.
[48] J.D. Menczel, R.B. Prime, Thermal Analysis of Polymers: Fundamentals and
Applications, Wiley, 2014.
[49] L.H. Omari, R. Moubah, A. Boutahar, L. Hajji, R. El Ouatib, Analysis of electrical
properties using complex impedance spectroscopy in solid solutions (PbTiO3)0.97-
(LaFeO3)0.03 prepared by sol-gel technique, J. Electroceram. 44 (2020) 23–31.