VI.

SESSION FIVE
ECONOMIS PERFORMANCE AND ISSUE IN MANJOR REGION

Economy of East Asia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_East_Asia

The economy of East Asia is one of the most successful regional economies of the world. It is
home of some of the world's largest and most prosperous economies: Mainland China, Hong
Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea.

Major positive factors have ranged from favorable political-legal environments for industry and
commerce, through abundant natural resources of various kinds, to plentiful supplies of
relatively low-cost, skilled and adaptable labor.

In modern societies, a high level of structural differentiation, functional specialization, and

autonomy of the economic system from government is a major contributor to industrial-
commercial growth and prosperity. Currently in East Asia, trading systems are relatively open;
and zero or low duties on imports of consumer and capital goods etc. have considerably helped
stimulate cost-efficiency and change.

Free and flexible labor and other markets are other important factors making for high levels of
business-economic performance.

East Asian populations have demonstrated rapid learning capabilities and high intelligence –
skills in utilizing new technologies and scientific discoveries – and putting them to good use in
production. Work ethics in general tend to be highly positive.

In conclusion, there are relatively large and fast-growing markets for consumer goods and
services of all kinds. Its success has led to it being dubbed "An East Asian renaissance" by the
World Bank.[1]

A. Find the meaning of italic and underlined words and make a sentence of each!

B. What is your argument to the following statement!

1. What are home of some of the world’s largest and most prosperous economies?
2. What is a major contributor to industrial-commercial growth and prosperity?
3. What have East Asian populations demonstrated?
C. Grammar discussion

Reported speech (2)

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/quick-grammar/reported-speech-2

Remember that in reported speech we usually change the tense of the direct statement. The
present simple tense changes to the past simple, the past simple changes to the past perfect and
so on.

Here are some other points to consider.

‘Can’ and ‘will’

 Direct speech: “I can’t remember his name.” Reported speech: She said she couldn’t
remember his name.
‘Can’ and ‘can’t’ in direct speech change to ‘could’ and ‘couldn’t’ in reported speech.
 Direct speech: “I’ll be there for 3 weeks.” Reported speech: He told me he’d be there for
3 weeks.
‘Will’ and ‘won’t’ in direct speech change to ‘would’ and ‘wouldn’t’ in reported speech.

Other modal verbs

 Direct speech: “You could be right.” Reported speech: I said that he could be right.
 Direct speech: “You must call me.” Reported speech: She said that I must call her.
Other modal verbs don’t change in reported speech.

Reporting orders, requests and advice

 Direct speech: “Sit down and shut up!” Reported speech: The teacher told me to sit down
and shut up.
 Direct speech: “Can you hold this for me please?” Reported speech: He asked me to hold
it.
 Direct speech: “You should do more exercise.” Reported speech: He advised me to do
more exercise.
Orders, request and advice can be reported using an infinitive.

Reporting verbs

There are a number of verbs that we use to report statements. These can make your speech and
writing more interesting than simply reporting every word of the direct speech.
 Direct speech: “It wasn’t me who broke the window.” > He denied breaking the window.
 Direct speech: “I’ll help you if you want” > She offered to help.
There are a number of verbs that can be used to report. They include: promise, claim, suggest,
advise, refuse, argue, confirm and others.

Reported questions
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/quick-grammar/reported-questions
When we report what people say, we usually change the tense of the verbs to reflect that we are
reporting – not giving direct speech. This pattern is followed when we report questions and there
are also other important changes between direct questions and reported questions.

Yes/no questions
 Direct question: “Do you like working in teams?” Reported question: He asked if I like
working in teams.
When we report yes/no questions we use ‘if’ or ‘whether’.
 Direct question: “Did you enjoy the party?” Reported question: She asked me whether
I’d enjoyed the party.
The tense of the verb changes as it does in reported speech but we don’t use auxiliary verbs.
The word order is the same as in an affirmative sentence.

Questions with a question word

 Direct question: “What time does the train leave?” Reported question: He asked what
time the train left.
When there is a question word (what, where, why, who, when, how) we use that question word in
the reported question but there is no auxiliary verb and the word order is like an affirmative
sentence (‘what time the train left’ not He asked me what time did the train leave.)

Look at some more examples:

 Direct question: “Who did you see?”
 Reported question: She asked me who I’d seen.
 Direct question: “Where did you go to school?”
 Reported question: He asked me where I’d gone to school.
 Direct question: “Why are you crying?”
 Reported question: She asked him why he was crying.
Notice that the reported questions do not have a question mark at the end.

Indirect questions

Similar to reported questions are indirect questions.

 Can you tell me what time the train leaves? NOT Can you tell me what time does the
train leave?
 I’d love to know what he said to her. NOT I’d love to know what did he say to her.

Change the following direct sentences into reported speech!

1. Nida, open the door!

2. Aldo, check the machine!
3. Iqbal, turn off the television!
4. Can we get a discount?
5. Does Ilham study at STIMA IMMI?
6. Did you visit Jakarta fair?
7. Where did you buy that notebook?
8. What time will the lesson begin?
9. Who are you waiting for?
10. When did Pak Arif retire from PNS?