M23 Formative - Blood System

22 Aug, 2022

[20 marks]
1. [1 mark]
The image shows the four chambers of the mammalian heart viewed from the ventral side.
The sinoatrial node is located in the wall of one of these chambers. Which chamber is it?

[Source: Anatomy Corner, n.d. [Elk heart]. [image online] Available at:
http://anatomycorner.com/main/image-gallery/elk-heart/
[Accessed 23 March 2020].]
2. [1 mark]
What happens in the heart when epinephrine is secreted into the blood?
I. Pressure in the heart falls.
II. The pulmonary artery transports oxygenated blood at a faster rate.
III. The sinoatrial node increases the rate of electrical signals.
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. III only

3. [1 mark]
Which diagram represents blood flow through the mammalian heart?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

4. [1 mark]
How are fats and cholesterol transported in the blood?
A. As groups of molecules inside vesicles
B. As individual molecules coated in phospholipids
C. As individual molecules bound to a protein
D. As groups of molecules in lipoprotein complexes

5. [1 mark]
Which discovery was an indication that the heart pumps blood to the body through
arteries?
A. The amount of blood pumped exceeds that of blood produced
B. Blood could easily be pushed up a limb vein, but not down
C. The observation that there were pores between the right and left atria
D. The heart swelled up when the arteries were tied in an animal experiment

6a. [2 marks]
The graph shows blood pressure changes on the left side of the heart during one heartbeat.
Identify the two parts of the circulatory system that produce traces I and II on the graph.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

6b. [3 marks]
Outline the actions taken by the body to avoid infection when the skin is cut.

6c. [2 marks]
Hormones are distributed throughout the body by the blood. Outline the roles of two
reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle in women.

7. [8 marks]
The human circulatory system is structured to serve the organs and tissues of the body
efficiently.

Explain how circulation of the blood to the lungs and to other systems is separated in
humans and what the advantages of this separation are.