Ces’ MAKERERE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DESIGN, ART AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CIV 2103: ENGINEERING SURVEYING 1 FINAL EXAMINATIONS FIRST SEMESTER 2011/2012 | DATE: Friday 13" January 2012 TIME: :00 a.m. - 12:00 Noon INSTRUCTIONS: of a (1] This examination paper consists of seven questions [2] Answer five questions for full marks [3] Make any reasonable assumptions where you deem necessary [4] [5] Submit all used answer booklets ‘The weight of each question is indicated. Question one (@) Describe in detail the ‘Surveying process’. [6 marks] (b) Explain the concept of ‘error’ in survey measurements. [2 marks} | (©) Using relevant examples briefly explain the major classifications of errors in the survey observations. [8 marks} (@) Explain the meaning of the following survey terms applied to the measurements i, Precision ii, Reliability [2 marks each]Question two {@) Distinguish between i, Level line and a horizonial line. ii, Longitudinal section and a cross section [3 marks each] (b) The readings obtained from a two-peg test carried out on al tilting level with a staff set up altemately al (vo pegs A and B placed 60m a part were as follows. 1. With a Level mid way between A and B: Staff reading at A = 1.926m Staff reading at B = 1.462m Il. With a level positioned 10m from peg B on the line AB: Staff reading at A = 2.445m. Staff reading at B = 1.945m Calculate i. The collimation error of the Level per 60m of sight. [12 marks] . The reading that should have been observed on the staff'at A with a Level in a position 10m from peg B. (2 marks} je yuestion three ae | a (a) Differentiate between the pulse echo technique and phase difference technique as applied in Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM). [4 marks} (b) Define carrier modulation and distinguish between amplitude and frequency modulations. [6 marks} (©) In what ways has EDM equipment revolutionized the process of distance ‘measurement? [3 marks} @ i | i. Derive the distance equation for EDM instruments using phase shift method. [4marks] ii, Briefly, describe the instrumental errors that affect EDM. [3marks] ‘ | jyuestion four \ _ @) Define the following terms applied in leveling: i, Datum Bench mark Backsight iv. Reduced level [mark each] (b) During a leveling operation, the following procedure was followed and the readings recorded. The level was set up at station I and a backsight of 0.599 taken to a staff held on benchmark (PBM 58.031m amsl) and a foresight of 3.132 to a staff held at station A. The level was transferred to station T where readings 2.587, 1.565, 1.911, 0.376 and 1.522 were taken to a staff held at A, B, C, D and E respectively. The level station was changed to K i where readings 2.244, 3.771 and 1.985 were taken on the staff at E, F and G, respectively. Finally with the instrument at M readings 1.334, 0.601 and 2.002 were recorded from the staff held at G, H and a benchmark Z, Book the readings using the rise and fall method. Incorporate all the necessary arithmetic checks. [12 marks} (©) Briefly deseribe two field techniques of reducing errors in leveling. [4 marks} Juestion five (a) The design ofa Thepdolite is based on three major axes. State and define the axes. What geometrical conditions should they fulfill in a perfectly adjusted Theodolite? {6 marks] (b) Describe and give the function of the following parts of a theodolite i, Trivet stage ii, Alidade iii, Clamps and slow motion screws iv. Telescope [2 marks} [2 marks} [2 marks} [3 marks}(c) A theodolite is set up at Y and the vertical angles are measured to a target 1.16m high at Z. The face left and face right readings are 88°10' 30" and 271°51' 20" respectively. Calculate the mean vertical angie. [5 marks] (a) Describe the three types of traverses. [9 marks} (b) Write short notes on the following i, Whole circle bearing of a line [2 marks each] ii, Geographical co-ordinates Quadrant bearing (©) Using sketches where applicable, describe how ‘Intersection’ is used in establishing control points in engineering surveys. [5 marks} Question seven (a) _List the corrections applied to distances measured by tape before they are used in survey calculations. For cach correction write the formula and define the elements of the formula. [10 marks} (b) Using relevant examples, briefly explain 5 sources of error in steel taping [5 marks} (©) A plot of land was surveyed using an incorrect tape and a plan drawn, The nominal length of the tape is 100m. The area when calculated was found to be 18.2Sacres, Calculate the correct area of the plot if the actual length of the tape is 101m. jg. [5 marks} “AIM FOR THE BEST, GOOD LUCK” a ee eeMAKERERE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING C1V2103: ENGINEERING SURVEYING I Date: 15" Dee 2010 Time: 9.00 a.m. - 12.00 nooa Instructions 1, Attempt any four questions. Each question carries 25 marks @ 2. Use sketches and diagrams where necessary. Question 1 a) Explain the concept of ‘error’ in survey measurements and state the three major errors that occur in surveying. G marks) b) One of the errors above follow the general laws of probability, write down these laws, (3 marks) ©) Describe three ways of determining a horizontal distance on stoping ground using a steel tape. (9 marks) 4) During’ the measurement in catenary of a survey line of four bays the following information was obtained Table 1 Bay ‘Measured | Temp. (°C) | Difference in level | Tension (Ny) L Tength(m) | __ between ends (m) | 1 29.899 EXO +0064 178 | @ 2 29.901 [18.0 40.374 a il B 29.882 8.1 0.232 178 | iE 29,950 79 [+0.238 _ 7 i The tape has a mass of 0.026 kg/m and a cross-sectional area of 3.24 mm?, It was standardized on the flat at 20°C under a pull of 89 N. The coefficient of linear expansion for the material of the tape is 0.000011°C., and Young's modulus is 20.7 x 10° MN/m’, Determine the absolute length of the survey line. (10 marks) Question 2 2) Reciprocal leveling is an alternative to the two peg test in determining the collimation error of a level. With aid of illustrations, explain in detail the principle of reciprocal leveling. (8 marks) b) With relevant examples. enumerate the major sources of errors in leveling end briefly expicin how ras con he mini\ co) The following readings were taken to points X, Y, and Z at the underside of a bridge. Determine the reduced levels of X, Y and Z using the Rise and Fall method and state the \ advantage of this method. (11 marks) Lis eames TBM A, x oe My Z 1498 [TBM B (1019.144 m) Lf Question 3 ( = a) The design of a theodbolite is based on three major axes. State and define these axes. (6 marks) b) When measuring angles there are two observation procedures undertaken to minimize GA errors. Explain these procedures. (4 marks) ! Cok ¢) Given below in Table 3, are the angular observations taken with a WILD T-2 1’ theodolite at station A. Table 3 B \ ubgod Point sighted and face Horizontal circle reading | Vertical circle reading WEL 02°17" 167" | 87°06" 26” | WER 182017" 29" | 272953" 14 XFL 137952" 207 9316 31 XFR z 317952" 33"" 26°43" 09" YFL 209°22° 377 91°17 4977 YER 29°22" 48° foe | eogeenwa uae | ZEA. 312°14" 50” | 98°32" 447 ZER 132°15‘ 01" {2719267 51" aH Qe ‘Taking W as the reference object, calculate values for the horizontal and vertical angles observed. (15 marks) Question 4 a) Describe the principle of the subtense bar tacheometry. ( marks) b) Calculate the magnitude of error in distance if an error of 1” is made in measuring parallactic angle when sighting a 2 meter subtense bar at 200 m away. (4 marks) t ¢ er re,©) You have been asked to provide control for setting out a building on a construction site. After reconnaissance, you came to a conclusion that the most appropriate method of establishing control is traversing. What are the points you will bear in mind when selecting the equipment and deciding the most suitable positions for stations. (6 marks) 4) In order to provide extra control on a construction site, the coordinates of target T located at the top of a nearby building are obtained by intersection from control points A and B. ‘The layout of the stations and the observed angles are shown in the sketch below. Using the data given below, calculate the coordinates of T. Point mE mN Observed angles A 195.002 344.901 TAB = 123°51°067 B 176,600 227.615 ABT = 28°01'18"" (10 marks) Question 5 a) How is it possible to check the measured angles in a polygon and link traverse? (marks) b) A link traverse was run between stations A and X as shown in the traverse diagram of Figure 1 below. The coordinates of the existing control stations at the ends of the traverse are: E(m) N(m) A 375369 543.008 B 264.507 604.938 X 601.624 404.041 : Y 698.076 384.945 4\ Calculate the adjusted coordinates of stations 1-4 using the Bowditch’s adjustment (20 marks) 4 method. n f Figure | Taverse diagren Question 6 a) What is the importance of surveying on a construction site? b) Define whole circle bearing (WCB). What is the difference between WCB and quadrant bearings? ©) Given below in Table 4, is a list of coordinates for a number of control stations. ‘Table 4 (5 marks) ( (4 marks) Coordinates Station ‘Easting (m) [Northing Gm) c 48.497 [113.013 eae 47.000 ~ 0 “AX 69.000, (Ra 107.000 NECalculate i. The bearings: R4-C, X1-F, X1-R1 ii, The distances: XI-F, RI-R4 iii, The angles: RI-R4-C , F-X1-C (6 marks) (marks) (6 marks)MAKERERE UNIVERSITY 4p FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING B.Sc. (CIVIL ENG.) SECOND YEAR SEMESTER | EXAMINATIONS 2009/2010 €1V2103: ENGINEERING SURVEYING | Date: 16" Dec 2009 Time: 9.00 a.m. - 12.00 noon INSTRUCTIONS - 1. The paper consists of two sections. 2. Section A is compulsory 3. Answer Three (3) questions from Section B 4. Begin each number on a fresh page SECTION A (40 MARKS) Question 1 }_ Briefly explain the main aims of engineering surveying? - (5 marks) b). Surveying is carried out in a logical step by.step sequence which is dilided into 3 major stages. Briefly describe these stages. ‘ eee (5 marks) Question'2 “ @) Explain the difference between gross and systematic errors, giving examples of aath that occur in engineering surveying. (4 mately b) With reference to survey measurements and observations, what is meant bythe following; i) Precision oe) z —_ << oo mnieMAKERERE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CIV2103: ENGINEERING SURVEYING TEST II Date: November 8" 2007 Use sketches and diagrams where necessary, Question 1: ‘Time ihr 15mins a) Desoribe the different methods of centering a theodolite over a survey station. (6 marks) b) Give at least three instrumental errors in angle measurement and the measures taken to minimize them. ©) The horizontal circle readings shown in Table 1 below were taken with a WILD T-2 1” theodolite correctly set up and leveled at point T. Tablet Point | Face left readin; Face right reading ‘A(RO)_[00°17°35" 180°1715" B '38°22"20 218°22°00"" c 69°30°10" _[249°29°407 D 137°09'5: 317209407" Point | Faceleftreading | Face right reading A(RO) [455397107 [22593 8°55” B 83°43°20" 263°43'00 c 114°52'01 294°51°50 D 182°31°3 {02931107 ( marks)” Book the readings in a suitable format and calculate values for the horizontal angles. (8 marks) 4) Give two applications of angle measurement on a construction site. @ marks) = Shitay od oe = Sa he woop pitel,SET rere sd erie eee ea ee eee nt ae manne MAKERERE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BSc. (CIVIL ENG.) SECOND YEAR SEMESTER I EXAMINATIONS 2005/2006 CE 2103: ENGINEERING SURVEYING I Date: 14" Dec 2005 ‘Time: 9:00 a.m. - 12.00 noon Instructions: 1. Answer five questions only. 2 Use diagrams and sketches for illustration where necessary. Question 1 4 a) _ Discuss the importance of surveying to civil engineering. [10mks] b) Given below in Figure 1 is an extract of a cadastral lay out plan of Pool Road. 125.61 n97m Pool Road Figure 1 Compute the area of plot 3 in Actes. [10 mks] Page 1 of 3 oo i — th — st ee eefis = Rize 40 | 2-880 | Page 3 of 3 a7 g Vy Question 5: i / K 8) Table 1 below shows notes made during a levelling exercise for the construction of a new road. | Table 1 BS is FS, HC_| RL | Distance Gm) | Remarks] ~ | 2:580, 0 AtA 2.340 1S 2.640 30, | 2.130. a5 0.830 2580 60 0930 157-750 co Smee PEACE | 0340 75 1.790, 90. 105 | = 120 135 | 150. AEC i, Complete the table and show all the checks. (2 marks), l ii, The roadway is to be re-graded from A to C, calculate the uniform gradient AC. G marks) | ) Using a hypothetical example, describe the procedure of direct contouring. (6marks) ©) Give at least four field procedures used in minimising errors in levelling l (4 marks)/ Question 2: a) Explain the concept of ‘error’ in survey measurements [2 mks} Errors in survey observations are classified according to source or according to influence on observations. Using relevant examples, briefly explain both methods of classification. How are the errors minimized? [12 mks] by ©) _ Explain the meaning of the following survey terms applied to measurements See ~ 5 [2mks each] a) With a Thepdolite, surveyor's staff and a steel tape you are asked to produce a Topographic map for a medium sized plot indicating the major features on ground. This map is needed for the preparation of a detailed site plan. Explain hhow you would accomplish this task. [10 mks] b) A tacheometer with a stadia constant of 100 and additive constant of 0 was set up at P and the following observations (Table 1) taken to a vertically held staff at A and B. ° Table 1 Station Bearing [Vertical angle | Stadia readings Observed “e A N30°S0E | 6°40" 2.824, 3,220, 3.616 LQ B S60°45'E | -7° 10" 2.067, 2.461, 2.87% ‘The clevation of station P is 1650.65m and the height of instrument 1.425m. Calculate the horizontal distance AB and the percentage gradient of the line AB. [10 mks} “Question 4 2) Discuss the factors that influence the choice of the vertical interval in contouring {6 mks] b) There are two methods of producing contours; Direct contouring and Indirect | 3, contouring. =. t Describe the two alternatives of producing contours in Indirect contouring - : 16 mks] ii Compare and contrast the alternatives given in (3bii) above. [4 mks] ©) Youare given a task of producing a longitudinal profile of a 100m section of a new road at a chainage of 20m. Explain briefly how you would carry out the task, [4mks} Page 2 of 3 ee ee ee ee q 1Vv Question 3: \. 4) Distinguish between ie ee 4 Plane surveying and Geodetic surveying Quantity surveying and valuation surveying iii, Topographic surveying and Hydrographic surveying, [4 mks each] b) What do you understand by the following terms: i. Survey process [4 mks} ii Redundant observations [ 2 mks} iii, Independent checks {2 mks} Vice 2) Explain how you would test whether a tilting level is in good adjustment or not. {10 mks] b) A tilting level was first set up mid-way between two staff positions A and B, 80m apart, and the following readings taken to a metric staff: To'the staff held at A: 1.705m ‘To the staff held at B: 1.400m. “The level was then moved to a second pésition, C, 29m from B and 60m from A and the following readings were taken to a metric staff: To the staff held at A: 1.878m To the staff held at B: 1.593m. Test whether the level is in good adjustment. If not how would the level be adjusted? [10 mks} Question 5 2) What is the difference(s) between: i, A tilting Jevel and an automatic level ii, Height of collimation and line of collimation iii, Absolute height and relative height [3 mks each] b) Book and reduce the following levels by the Height of collimation method and carry out the necessary arithmetic checks. A pair of numbers indicate a change point, the first number being a backsight “1.263 OBM, reduced level 26.294m 3.279,0.796 Change point 0.376 Road level under bridge 1.627,0.291 Change point 162 Soffit of bridge arch 1.582, 3.526 Change point 24 ‘TBM, reduced level 27.42m Could a lorry 4m high pass under the bridge? [11 mks} i rv ! & eslases: He] eeR= Hom ~ BS, MAKERERE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY yu SEMESTER 1, 2005/2006 \ SURVEYING TEST Date: Nov 18" 2005 eC AGS ‘Time: 2:00p.m —4:00 pam. Instructions: Attempt any THREE questions. Use sketches and diagrams where necessary. Question 1: (a) What do you understand by the following terms applied to a theodolite and give reasons for cartying out each operation: i) Changing zero ii) Transiting [2 mks each] (b) Given below in Table 1. are the angular ubservations taken with a WILD T-2 I” Theodolite stationed at 1/122, fa: 123, 110 32.45 (PL) i 2903240 (ER) | 265 2310 (PRY i324 265 1423 (FL) 4321 (PLY ee a NL Was 359 59 58 (FL) 1535 (FL) 180 00 O6(FR) H/i23 was used as the reference object and | 46 H/122 — 4423. (i) Explain how the vertical angle between H/122 and 11/123 was measured. | 2 mks] ii) Draw up a complete field book and hence caleulate the corrected bearings. [ 4 mks} Gii) Calculate the corrected clockwise angles H/123-H/122-H/124, HA24-H/122-H/25, 51” is the correct bearing of {4 mks| (iv) Caloulate the mean vertical angles. 16 mks} Question 2 Write brief but concise notes on the following: i. Main axes ofa theodolite. ii, Electronic angle measurement iii, Centering a theodolite over a survey station iv, The telescope [5 mks each] i a