Human Anatomy & Physiology : Module 1- (Leclab) Introduction of Anatomical Terms

introduction:
Anatomical terminologies are universally accepted terms to easily identify and locate body
parts. This prevents misunderstanding among individuals who study the body structure of any
living organism including human.
Human Body- is a single structure but is made up of billions of smaller structures of 4 major
kinds: Cells
Tissues
Organs and
The organs system
A. Anatomy - is the study of the structures associated with the human body.
- a scientific study of body structural (Morphology ) & development or
- “a study of cutting up “stuff”
- from Greek words and latin words :
Ana means “up”
tome means -”to cut”
Andrea Vesalius -(to pronounce as Versalle) (1514-15640)
- 1, 16th century father of Anatomy and a physician
- 2. De Human Corporis Fabrica (1543)
- ( The working of human body) & has 7 volume collection of anatomic drawings
- 3. International Congress of Anatomist- Nomina Anatomica (Anatomic Terms)
( W e have different Scientific names because we have different language)
B. Physiology - is the study of the functions of each of these structures
- is a scientific study of how the body function.
( understanding of how it works, through biochemical process) Thatis why you
have taken “chemistry” before you take Anatomy.
Now, What is the structure of human body & what makes up the main structure of the human
structure of the human body?
Cells- the building blocks of the human body, make up the Tissues which is from the
specialized structure called ORGANS.
Tissues is a group of cells that have similar structure & their function together as a unit.
4 Basic types of tissue
1. Epithelial Tissue- act as covering, controlling the movement of materials across their
surface or to described as cell pack together.
2. Connective Tissue- binds the various part of the body together providing support and
protection or to described as connects epithelial tissue with the other tissue.
3. Muscle Tissue- allows the body to move or is described as cylindrical cells , smooth
looking long tissue.
4. Nervous tissue - functions communication or to described as stingy looking.
Organ - is an organization of several different kinds of tissues arranged them together, so they
can perform a special function.
Organ system are group of organs & tissues that all function together , towards a single
purpose.
 The human body is approximately 99% comprised of just 6 elements which are the following
such as
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen , Carbon , Calcium ,Phosphorus and
5 Elements make up about 0.85 % of the remaining mass are the following such as:
Sulfur, Potassium, Sodium, Chlorine , Magnesium

C. Subdivisions of Anatomy
A. Level of Organization within the Human Body —----> Organ System—--> Organ
—---->Tissues —-----> 60 Trillion Tissue Cells (Cytology)
I will start discussing the Branches of Anatomy :
Gross anatomy - Macroscopic meaning it is “Big” is what you can see thru your eyes.
- - the branch of anatomy that deals with the structure of organs & tissues
that are visible to the naked eyes
- Surface anatomy- is also called as superficial anatomy, & visual anatomy or
- it is the study of the external features of the body of an animal, like human
Surface example : (where you can find the “Landmarks”
sternal angle
spinous process like the 7th cervical vertebra
palpate - you can touch and feel the specific organ
Regional anatomy-meaning by regions of the body are the following:
Radiological Anatomy - it is a certain procedure through “ Scanning” in the body
are the following: X-rays- ( To all soft tissue by using a certain “dye”
Angiogram
MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
CT Scan-
Ultrasound
Sonography
ECG
Systemic Anatomy should be learned by system
Cytology- “Cyto” is a study of cells
Neuroanatomy- the anatomy of nervous tissue And the nervous system
Histology- the study of the microscopic structure of tissues