Name: Sandra Ati Acher

Nim: 201836027

Class: A

Paragraph writing

 English Learning Strategies

Many people who learn English become discouraged because they do not feel any significant
progress. They also often feel frustrated and lost motivation to learn because they are not satisfied with
the new they teacher teaches or the subject matter they are getting. But in the reality, failure like this is
often caused by one’s own mistakes.

Considering the importance of one’s role in the learning process, the development of teaching methods
in the 1980s focused a lot on student, known as the learner center approach.

One aspect of the learner center approach is the development of “ learner training” initiated by Holec in
1981. The purpose of the learner training is to help students see the factors that influence the learning
process and find learning strategies that suit them.

The focus of the learner training is not on “what” to learn, but “how” to learn a foreign language
(English).

Determining effective English learning methods or strategies is not easy, because each individual has a
different way of learning because of differences in talent, cognitive style, personality, interest, goals,
learning experience in the past and much more.

But some researches, such as Stern (1975), Naiman (1978), and Rubin (1979) try to find how they
achieve success.

Effective English learning strategies

From the results of their separate studies, several characteristics and strategies of successful people
who obtained which can be summarized into the following five things:

1. Encouragement to communicate English

One characteristic of a successful person is this strong desire to communicate. They are
always looking for opportunities to speak the foreign language they are learning. Even if they encounter
a difficulty in finding a word, they will try in various ways, such as hand movements or by using
explanations with other words to be able convey their intentions. Conversely, if they do not know the
meaning of one of the words use by their interlocutors, they will try to guess that meaning of the
existing context. They are also not ashamed to make mistakes in speaking and sometimes they wan to
invent new words based on the knowledge they have, for example “ I want to talk with you” even
though the more appropriate word is “ I want to talk with you” to state “ I want to talk to you”.

2. The desire to practice speaking English

They actively participate in class and always take the opportunity to practice with classmate.
In addition, they also look for opportunities to practice outside the classroom, for example by attending
a conversation club, reading a novel, or watching an English-language film.

3. Interest in learning English grammar ( Grammar)

In addition to practicing speaking, successful students also take the time to learn grammar rules. They
pay attention to sentence pattern and learn how the sentence elements arranged.

4. Pay attention to the function and meaning an English speech

A sentence can express different purposes depending on the context and the relationship
between the users. For example, the phrase “ I’ve got the headache” has a different meaning
in each of the context below:
1. A: What’s the matter?
B: I’ve got the headache.
2. A: Have you done your homework?
B: I’ve got a headache.
In the first context, the meaning of “I’ve got a headache” is “my heart hurts” that a patient might say to
his doctor.
In the second context “I’ve got a headache” functions as an excuse that may be used by a child who
does not this homework or assignments.
In the third context, it’s functions as a rejection of an invitation.
Therefore, in learning English, they not only focus on grammar and pronunciation, but also learn how to
choose the right sentence, taking into account the situation, place, who is the spoken to. The goals, and
topics.

5. Have clear goals in learning English

Successful people usually know they need and make clear goals to achieve. They realize that
to succeed require hard work and perseverance, so they arrange a learning program that is detailed and
easy to administer.
They divided learning time regularly and monitor their progress regularly. To achieve their goals, they
not only depend on teachers and books, but also utilize resources outside the classroom such as
magazines, newspapers, bulletins, reading books, and so on.

 English learning skills

In each language, including English, there are 4 main skills that we must master if we want to become
users who are fluent in the language.
There are least 4 skills that we must master in English, namely:
 Listening
 speaking
 Reading
 Writing

Arrow indicate the direction of communication (input and output). We get input( also called reception)
from listening and reading. While we produce output (also called production) through speaking and
writing.

Meanwhile there are 2 methods of communication, namely oral (spoken) and through writing(written).
Just as when we learn Indonesian, we start by listening first, then followed by speaking, then reading,
and finally writing.

Macro- skills vs. micro skills

In addition to listening, speaking, reading, and writing which are also called “macro-skills”, we also to
need master “micro-skills”. Micro skills consist of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling.

 English learning method

1. Learning trough games
Everyone likes games. That’s what underlies why games are one of the method learning
English that is fast and fun. Yes, in essence, games can eliminate fatigue that attacks our
brains. Whit a game as if what initially disturbed they mind suddenly disappeared.
However, is that just the function of the existence of game? Of course not.
As explained above, we can learn English from the games themselves. We may often find
that in games, the language used is mostly English. So, If we want to be proficient in
playing games, we automatically feel as we are forced to master English. The commands
there are in the games, the instructions and also the settings in the games must use
English. If we don’t understand what the means, then obviously we can’t play
comfortably and right.
So, we can learn English slowly through these games, if necessary, bring a dictionary
every time you play games. If there are commands or instructions the game that are not
understood, we just need to open the dictionary and look for the purpose of the
command.

2. Learning English trough song

We all know most of the hits now are English songs. So, that the underlies why this can
be one of the methods of the learning English that is fast and fun. Everyone likes to listen
to song. Certainly everyone knows the meaning contained in the song? Not necessarily.
So, it is the people who truly master the English language who are sure to know the
meaning and significance of the song. Besides that, for people who are already proficient
 in English, they will definitely easily recite the lyric of song in English and so they can
easily memorize them.
So, we can learn English trough these songs, starting from learning to find the meaning of
the lyric of the song, to learn to pronounce the English lyric fluently.

3. Learn with friend

The next method of learning English that is fast and fun is to refer to the existence of a
friend. Basically, one of the most important elements in our lives is friends. Friends can
help us learn English effectively and systematically without any pressure or anything. We
can practice the English language skills together, ranging from writing to each other or
conversing with each other using English. So by undergoing the method of learning
English with this friend then later it will make us help each other and understand English
easily and also fun.
4. Open 9GAG
According to Wikipedia, 9GAG is an online comedy side that displays various visual media
both images and videos in English.
However , for those who are already very good at English. They will surely laugh or nod
when they see the pictures there are presented, interesting. So, we can learn English
trough this 9GAG site. By trying to find meaning for what is written on 9GAG images, then
understand it. Do it all the time. In addition to getting laughter, we will definitely learn
that learning English can be this fun.

5. Learning through You Tube

Youtube is more than TV. We certainly often hear these word. Basically, yes. So, this is
the reason why youtube can be an alternative for learning English methods that is fast
and fun. We can get anything on youtube, all things. Whether it’s a funny video, ball
video, or stand up comedy video. We only to write the video what we want to find in the
search field then all are found. Youtube also provides a kind of subtitle toolbar which will
greatly help us to learn English us to learn English as comfortable as possible. We can
learn speaking, listening, even reading only from youtube.