UNIT 9: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD

A. TỪ VỰNG:
1. accent (n) /ˈæksent/: giọng điệu
2. bilingual (adj) /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/: người sử dụng được hai thứ tiếng; sử dụng được hai thứ tiếng
3. dialect (n) /ˈdaɪəlekt/ tiếng địa phương
4. dominance (n) /ˈdɒmɪnəns/ chiếm ưu thế
5. establishment (n) /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/ việc thành lập, thiết lập
6. factor (n) /ˈfæktə(r)/ yếu tố
7. get by in (a language) (v) /get baɪ ɪn/:  cố gắng sử dụng được một ngôn ngữ với với những
gì mình có
8. global (adj) /ˈɡləʊbl/: toàn cầu
9. flexibility (n) /ˌfl eksəˈbɪləti/: tính linh hoạt
10. fluent (adj) /ˈfl uːənt/: trôi chảy
11. imitate (v) /ˈɪmɪteɪt/: bắt chước
12. immersion school (n) /ɪˈmɜːʃn skuːl/: trường học nơi một ngôn ngữ khác tiếng mẹ đẻ được
sử dụng hoàn toàn
13. massive (adj) /ˈmæsɪv/:  to lớn
14. mother tongue (n) /ˈmʌðə tʌŋ/: tiếng mẹ đẻ
15. mutinational (adj) /ˈmʌːtiˈnæʃnəl/: đa quốc gia
16. off cial (adj) /əˈfɪʃl/: (thuộc về) hành chính; chính thức
17. openness (n) /ˈəʊpənnəs/ độ mở
18. operate (v) /ˈɒpəreɪt/ đóng vai trò
19. pick up (a language) (v) /pɪk ʌp/: học một ngôn ngữ theo cách tự nhiên từ môi trường
xung quanh
20. punctual (adj) /ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/: đúng giờ
21. rusty (adj) /ˈrʌsti/: giảm đi do lâu không thực hành/sử dụng
22. simplicity (n) /sɪmˈplɪsəti/: sự đơn giản
23. variety (n) /vəˈraɪəti/: thể loại

B. NGỮ PHÁP:
I. CONDITIONAL SENTENCE- TYPE 2
(CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2)
1. Cách sử dụng
Chỉ sự việc không thể hoặc khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại. Điều kiện chỉ là một giả thiết, một
ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại.
2. Cấu trúc:
                           If + S + V (ed, irregular), S + would/ could (not) + V.
Nói cách khác, ở câu điều kiện loại 2, mệnh đề IF dùng thì quá khứ đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng
động từ khiếm khuyết WOULD hoặc COULD.
Ví dụ:
           If I had a million USD, I would buy that car.
           (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó.)
            If it wasn’t noisy in here, I could hear you clearly.
           (Nếu ở đây không ồn, tôi có thể nghe được bạn rất rõ.)
           If I were you, I would see the doctor immediately. 
           (Nếu như tớ là cậu, tớ sẽ gặp bác sĩ ngay.)
Lưu ý:
+ Ở mệnh đề IF, nếu động từ là TO BE thì ta dùng WERE cho tất cả các chủ ngữ.
Ví dụ:
           If I were a bird, I would be very happy.
          (Nếu tôi là một con chim, tôi sẽ rất hạnh phúc.) <= tôi không thể là chim được

II. RELATIVE CLAUSE

(MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)
1. Thế nào là mệnh đề quan hệ?
        Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative Clause) là một thành phần của câu dùng để giải thích rõ hơn
về danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề quan hệ còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (adjective
clause) vì nó là một mệnh đề phụ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó (tiền
ngữ). 
        Mệnh đề quan hệ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ (relative
pronouns)Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverbs)
When, Where, Why.
2. Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng anh
        Mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng anh được phân làm 2 loại:
a. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining relative clause): Đây là loại mệnh đề cần thiết vì
tiền ngữ chưa xác định, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa.
Ví dụ:
          The man who keeps the school library is Mr Green.
         (Người mà trông coi thư viện trường là ông Green)
         That is the book that I like best.
         (Kia là quyển sách mà tôi thích nhất.)
b. Mệnh đề không xác định (non-defining relative clause): Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần
thiết vì tiền ngữ đã được xác định, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Mệnh đề quan hệ không
xác định được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phẩy. Trước danh từ thường có: this,
that, these, those, my, his … hoặc tên riêng.
Ví dụ:
          - That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike.
           (Người đan ông mà bạn nhìn thấy ngày hôm qua là ông Pike.)
          - This is Mr Jones, who helped me last week.
           (Đây là ông Jones người đã giúp tôi tuần trước.)
          - Harry told me about his new job, which he's enjoying very much.
           (Harry kể với tôi về công việc mới điều mà anh ta rất quan tâm.)
Lưu ý: Không được dùng THAT  trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-defining
relative clause).
3. Cách dùng mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng anh
WHO: Who là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm chủ ngữ
(subject) hoặc tân ngữ (object) cho động từ đứng sau nó.
Ví dụ:
            - The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike.
              (Người đàn ông đứng ở đằng kia là ông Pike.)
WHOM: Whom là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm tân ngữ
(object) cho động từ đứng sau nó.
Ví dụ:
          - The woman whom /who you saw yeaaterday is my aunt.
             (Người phụ nữ mà bạn gặp ngày hôm qua là dì của tôi.)
Who/ whom làm tân ngữ có thể lược bổ được trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining
relative clause).
Ví dụ:
           - The woman you saw yesterday is my aunt.
              (Người phụ nữ bạn gặp ngày hôm qua là dì của tôi.)
WHICH: Which là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật để làm chủ ngữ
(Subject) hoặc tân ngữ(object) cho động từ đứng sau nó.
Ví dụ:
          - This is the book which I like best.
          (Đây là quyển sách tôi thích nhất.)
          - The hat which is red is mine.
           (Chiếc mũ màu đỏ là của tôi.)
  Which làm tân ngữ có thể lược bỏ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining relative
clause)..
Ví dụ:
         - The dress I bought yesterday is very beuatiful.
            (Chiếc vấy tôi mua ngày hôm qua trông rất đẹp.)
THAT: That là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật.
That có thể được dùng thay cho who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
(dèining ralative clause)
Ví dụ:
          - That is the book that/ which I like best.
            (Kia là quyển sách tôi thích nhất.)
          - The woman that/ who lived here before us is a novelist.
            (Người phụ nữ sống ở đây trước đo là một nhà văn.)
That luôn được dùng sau các tiền tố hỗn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật), sau các đại từ
eveything, something, anything, all, little, much, more và sau dạng so sánh nhất (superlative).
Ví dụ:
          - She is the nicest woman that I've ever met.
          (Cô ấy là người phụ nữ xinh nhất mà tôi đã từng gặp.)
WHOSE: Whose là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu.
Trong ngữ pháp tiếng anh Whose đứng sau danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay cho tính từ sở
hữu trước danh từ. Whose luôn đi kèm với một danh từ.
Ví dụ:
         - The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.
           (Cậu bé mà bạn mượn xe đạp ngày hôm quà là Tom.)
         - John found a cat whose leg was broken.
            (John tìm thấy 1 con mèo bị gãy chân.)
WHEN: When là đại từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay
cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ chỉ thời gian. When được dùng thay cho at/ on/ in which,
then.
Ví dụ:
        - That was the time when (at which) he managed the company.
           (Đó là lúc cô ấy quản lý công ty.)
WHERE: Where là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn.Where
được dùng thay cho at/ in/ to which, there.
Ví dụ:
          - Hanoi is the place where I like to come.
            (Hà nội là nơi mà tôi muốn đến.)
WHY: Why là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lý do, đứng sau the reason. Why được dùng thay cho for
which.
Ví dụ:
          - Please tell me the reason why you are so sad.
             (Hãy nói cho tôi lý do tại sao bạn buồn.)

C. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:

❶. PHONETICS
I. Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
others in each group.
1. A. pronunciation B. suggestion C. intonation D. aviation
2. A. vision B. occasion C. leisure D. sugar
3. A. practice B. accent C. aptitude D. career
4. A. machine B. conclusion C. exposure D. division
5. A. vocabulary B. grammar C. enlarge D. challenge
6. A. chef B. pleasure C. social D. discussion
7. A. unusual B. Russia C. impression D. insurance
8. A. development B. improvement C. documentary D. environment
9. A. donation B. priority C. hopeless D. low-income
10. A. preferred B. worked C. fixed D. fetched
11. A. exist B. extinct C. explorer D. expand
12. A. desert B. reserve C. observant D. conserve
13. A. bushes B. wishes C. researches D. headaches
14. A. astound B. account C. country D. mounting
15. A. eternal B. energy C. eradicate D. eliminate
16. A. massive B. immersion C. establish D. rusty
17. A. laughs B. drops C. maintains D. imports
18. A. ranked B. gained C. prepared D. proved
19. A. variety B. bilingual C. dialect D. derivative
20. A. accent B. dialect C. ability D. variety
II. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the
other in each group.
1. A. whenever B. mischievous C. hospital D. separate
2. A. introduce B. delegate C. marvelous D. currency
3. A. develop B. conduction C. partnership D. majority
4. A. counterpart B. measurement C. romantic D. comfortable
5. A. government B. technical C. parallel D. understand
6. A. pyramid B. Egyptian C. member D. century
7. A. construction B. suggestion C. accurate D. controller
8. A. dedicate B. impressive C. reminder D. descendant
9. A. remember B. company C. technical D. interview
10. A. electric B. computer C. fascinate D. fantastic
11. A. bilingual B. contribute C. guarantee D. admission
12. A. translate B. pronounce C. persuade D. borrow
13. A. accent B. compound C. fluent D. translate
14. A. establishment B. immigration C. community D. derivative
15. A. pronunciation B. vocabulary C. approximately D. simplicity

❷. MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. This is the place__________ I first met her.
A. what B. where C. which D. that
2. John is the man__________ I admire.
A. who B. which C. whom D. A and C
3. My husband,__________ is an engineer, works at ABC Engineering.
A. who B. which C. whom D. that
4. Only one of the staff__________ work for the company receives a bonus.
A. what B. which C. who D. where
5. She is the one__________ I think is the best student in the class.
A. what B. which C. whose D. whom
6. Those__________ had worked hard got a raise.
A. what B. which C. who D. whose
7. The book__________ you lent me is worth to read.
A. what B. which C. whom D. whose
8. The boy__________ is talking with John is my best friend.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
9. The house__________ Ms Diana bought was very expensive.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. where
10. The women__________ I informed of the news were excited.
A. to whom B. to that C. for whom D. for that
11. Those__________ CVs were very good were shortlisted.
A. who B. whose C. which D. that
12. Yesterday, I__________ spoke to your manager, seemed to be very outgoing.
A. that B. whom C. whose D. who
13. We finally came to a conclusion on__________ every one could agree.
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
14. The company,__________ name has been subject to frequent changes, is now called
Axeg Group.
A. which B. who C. whose D. that
15. I am now talking with a client__________ I have known for many years.
A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
16. The room__________ the meeting was held was very spacious.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
17. The cougar is a member of the cat family__________ grows to around 8 feet in length.
A. which B. who C. whose D. when
18. The cougar has powerful legs,__________ it uses to climb and jump into trees.
A. that B. who C. which D. with which
19. Cougars rarely attack humans, of__________ they are usually afraid.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
20. There is a doctor on-call at the hotel, __________ you can call in emergency situations.
A. who B. which C. when D. that
21. If I _________ as young as you are, I _________ in a boat round the world.
A. were - would sail B. would be - would sail
C. were - will sail D. would - would sail
22. _________ today, she would get home by Friday.
A. Would she leave B. Was she leaving
C. Were she to leave D. If she leaves
23."He's a very brave man.""Yes, I wish I _________ his courage."
A. have B. had C. will have D. would have
24. One way of increasing your speed of comprehension is to learn all your vocabulary
without the use of your own _________.
A. first language B. technical language
C. business language D. official language
25. If I didn't have exams next week, I _________ camping with you this weekend.
A. will go B. will have gone C. would have gone D. would go
26. It's an important part of your cultural identity to keep your _________in speaking
English.
A. vocabulary B. language C. accent D. skill
27. Much _________ comes through body language and gesture.
A. talk B. exchange   C. speech D. communication
28. Try to _________ the meaning of words rather than going straight for your dictionary.
A. judge B. guess C. decide D. except
29. Reading is the best way to _________your vocabulary in any language.
A. improve B. increase C. raise D. put up
30. She had to learn English because she works for a _________ company.
A. big B. world C. multinational D. multifunctional
31. The country was chopped up _________ small administrative areas.
A. into B. to C. between D. from
32. She said __________ or nothing about her experience.
A. a little B. a few C. little D. few
33. I’ll only stay if you __________ me more money
A. will offer B. offers C. to offer D. offer
34. There was __________ accident here yesterday. __________ car hit a tree and
__________ driver was killed.
A. an/ The/ the B. an/A/the C. the/ A/a D. the/A/the
35. The train __________ goes to Madrid leaves from platform 2.
A. where B. who C. which D. whose
36. Don’t eat so __________ chocolate or you will get fat.
A. many B. some C. much D. any
37. I will go to the cinema if I __________ well in my English test.
A. will do B. doing C. do D. did
38. The Browns live in a house. __________ house is very old.
A. A B. The C. x D. The a
39. She __________ a year in the USA if it __________easier to get a green card.
A. would spend/ was B. will spend/ would be
C. spent/ would be D. would spend/ be
40. Here is the newspaper __________ is in my room.
A. which B. where C. who D. whose
41. He is very rich. There is _________ money in his wallet.
A. some B. many C. any D. much
42. What __________ if you don’t do well in the test?
A. will happen B. happened C. happens D. is happen
43. Which is __________ largest desert in the world?
A. a B. an C. the D. x
44. My brother __________ a sports car if he __________ the money.
A. bought/ would have B. would buy/ had
C. would bought / have D. bought / would had
45. This is the school __________ I learned English.
A. that B. who C. where D. which
46. I didn’t understand the reason __________ you behaved so strangely at the party last
night.
A. which B. that C. what D. why
47. Thanks for this interesting book, __________ is bilingual, I can understand much more
about American culture and improve my English at the same time.
A. that B. which C. who D. both A & B
48. He can speak English quite fast, but he still needs to improve his __________.
A. fluent B. fluency C. accurate D. accuracy
49. Keiko is from Japanese, and she can speak English. Therefore, she is a __________.
A. native English speaker B. English native speaker
C. non-native English speaker D. English non-native speaker
50. If you possess a good __________ of English, it is very easy for you to get a well-paid
job in multinational companies.
A. level B. skill C. command D. ability

❸. WORD FORMS
Give the correct form of the word given to complete the sentence.
1. In most of the __________________ companies, employees are required to use English
competently. (NATION)
2. He has completed three English courses at this center, but there hasn’t been any
__________________ in his English level. (IMPROVE)
3. It is a __________________ that students must have at least 6.0 IELTS to take part in that
English speaking contest. (REQUIRE)
4. She prefers a book written only in English to a __________________ one. (LINGUAL)
5. She __________________ the word, so her foreign friend couldn’t understand what she
meant. (PRONOUNCE)
6. Excessive consumption of fast food increases the risk of __________________.
(OBESE)
7. People who are interested in exploring new things always want to take
__________________ trips. (ADVENTURE)
8. If you are going to Son Doong Cave, you really need to book a __________________ tour
because you will easily get lost there. (GUIDE)
9. In some Asian countries such as India, Pakistan, the Philippines and Singapore, English is
used as the __________________ language. (OFFICE)
10. The variety of dialects and accents in English is one of the biggest challenges to
__________________ English speakers. (NATIVE)
11. Oranges, sunflower seeds and salmon are believed to support blood
__________________in our body. (CIRCULATE)
12. Although canned food is convenient, it is not good for your health because it contains
__________________. (PRESERVE)
13. Most of visitors can’t help being amazed by the __________________ of Edinburgh
Castle. (MAGNIFY)
14. The heavy rains cause river levels to rise and make the cave largely
__________________. (ACCESS)
15. My English teacher told me that some sentences in my essays were not
__________________ correct. (GRAMMAR)
16. English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the dominant language of
international __________________ . (COMMUNICATE)
17. Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part,__________________ only in England
and had not extended even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. (SPEAK)
18. English began to spread around the globes as a result of __________________ , trade
(including slave trade), colonization, and missionary work. (EXPLORE)
19. Thus, small enclaves of English speakers became established and grew in
__________________ parts of the world. (VARY)
20. Two-thirds of the world’s science writing is in English, and English is the main language
of technology,__________________, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers.
(ADVERTISE)

❹. VERB FORMS
I. Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type 2) by putting the verbs into the correct
form.
1. If we (have) ______________ a yacht, we (sail) ______________the seven seas.
2. If he (have) ______________ more time, he (learn) ______________ karate.
3. If they (tell) ______________ their father, he (be) ______________ very angry.
4. She (spend) ______________ a year in the USA if it (be) ______________ easier to get a
green card.
5. If I (live) _____________on a lonely island, I (run) _____________around naked all day.
6. We (help) ______________ you if we (know)______________ how.
7. My brother (buy) ______________ a sports car if he (have) ______________ the money.
8. If I (feel) ______________ better, I (go) ______________to the cinema with you.
9. If you (go) ______________ by bike more often, you (be/not)______________ so flabby.
10. She (not/talk) ______________ to you if she (be)______________ mad at you.
II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I (win) ______________ a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling around the
world.
2. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) ______________ so many mistakes.
3. If I were sent to prison, you (visit) _________ me?
4. If someone (give) ______________ you a helicopter, what would you do with it?
5. If you drove your car into the river, you (be able) ______________ to get out?
6. What you (do) ______________ if you found a burglar in your house?
7. If you (paint) ______________ the walls white, the room would be much brighter.
8. If you knew you had only six weeks to live, how you (spend)______________those six
weeks?
9. You wouldn't have so much trouble with your car if you (have)______________ it
serviced regularly.
10. I'd climb over the wall if there (not be) ______________so much broken glass on top of
it.

❺. CORRECTION
I. Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, c or D) that needs correcting.
1. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park.
A B C D
2. The man whom remained in the office was the manager.
A B C D
3. This novel, which written by a well known writer, should be read.
A B C D
4. My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class.
A B C D
5. This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information.
A B C D
6. Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend.
A B C D
7. 1975 is the year in when the revolution took place.
A B C D
8. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today.
A B C D
9. The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent.
A B C D
10. At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire.
A B C D
11. There’s the man whom wife knows your brother.
A B C D
12. My sister has a cat who has three kittens.
A B C D
13. The man whose she is engaged to works here.
A B C D
14. My aunt who I visited last year, came to stay with me.
A B C D
15. If I have a clear accent, I would speak English more coherently.
A B C D
16. It was me who make lots of mistakes in English class yesterday.
A B C D
17. The boy whom is imitating other foreign speakers is in grade 9.
A B C D
18. If Maria guessed the meaning of that word, she will get a good point.
A B C D
19. My sister who looks up ten new words in a dictionary daily want to travel.
A B C D
20. We have a smart TV where can be used as a computer.
A B C D

❻. READING
I. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.
Many books, newspapers, airports and air-traffic control, technology, sports, pop
music and advertising have the English as the (1) _________ language. In general, the
universal language on the Internet is the English. The majority of the electronically stored (2)
_________ around the world is in English. You can travel to any English speaking country
without the need of having a (3)
Usually, if you don’t know the language your hip would be hard and maybe you
wouldn’t enjoy it. Nowadays in the competitive job (4)_________it is necessary to speak
English. So if you learn English you will have a better (5)of getting a job that pays more.
English is also helpful if you are going to move to a different country (6)_________it is
global language. A lot of educational information is in English; therefore, to have
(7)_________to this material or maybe communicate with
(8)_________students it is necessary to have knowledge of English. It is necessary to learn
English if you are (9) _________to study at a foreign university or school. Usually many
educational institutions will provide you a preparatory courses to (10) _________ your
English language skills but you have to at least a medium level of knowledge.
1. A. dominant B. particular C. regional D. foreign
2. A. device B. information C. literature D. textbook
3. A. specialist B. writer C. businessman D. translator
4. A. company B. agency C. market D. workshop
5. A. income B. chance C. source D. vision
6. A. however B. though C. but D. because
7. A. access B. entry C. permit D. guidance
8. A. most B. enough C. other D. only
9. A. planning B. thinking C. dreaming D. looking
10. A. widen B. enforce C. estimate D. improve

II. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.
Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of a few speakers to
become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today
emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were
introduced following the Norman invasion of 1066. Until the 1600s, English was, for the
most part, spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as Wales, Scotland, or
Ireland. However, during the course of the next two centuries, English began to spread
around the globe as a result of exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonisation, and
missionary work. Thus, small enclaves of English speakers became established and grew in
various parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the
primary language of international business, banking and diplomacy.
Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is
English. Two- thirds of the world’s science writing is in English, and English is the main
language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers.
Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are
nonnative speakers, constituting the largest number of normative users than any other
language in the world.
1. What is the main topic of this passage?
A. The French influence on the English language.
B. The history of the English language.
C. The expansion of English as an international language.
D. The use of English for science and technology.
2. Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England?
A. In 1066. B. Around 1350.
C. Before 1600. D. After 1600.
3. According to the passage, all of the following contributes to spread of English around the
world EXCEPT?
A. The slave trade. B. The Norman invasion.
C. Missionaries. D. Colonisation.
4. The underlined word “proliferated” in the passage is closest in meaning to?
A. Prospered. B. Organized. C. Disbanded. D. Expanded.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that?
A. English first appeared more than a thousand years ago.
B. England colonised different parts of the world in early 2nd millennium
C. English is taught in primary schools all over the world.
D. English is not the language with the largest native speakers in the world.

III. Read the passage, then answer the following questions.

Five Ways To Improve Your Spoken English At Home
First, you should improve your English pronunciation because good pronunciation will
help people understand your spoken English clearly, even if you don’t know many words.
Second, most English learners read too much and listen to little. If you want to improve your
English speaking, spend more time listening! Listen to the audio while you read the text, then
read the text out loud, trying to imitate the pronunciation you hear in the audio.
Then, reading English texts out loud will train your mouth and lips to pronounce
English words more naturally. I suggest reading every text out loud twice. The first time,
read slowly and focus on pronouncing each word correctly. Circle the words that are difficult
to pronounce and repeat each one ten times. The second time, read faster and focus on
making your English flow, speaking each sentence with a natural rhythm.
In addition, whenever you learn a new word, try saying it in a complete sentence. If you
do this with every new English word you learn, it will help you speak English in complete
sentences more naturally.
Finally, if you don’t have contact with native English speakers, watch TV shows and
films in English with English subtitles to learn English conversation patterns.

1. Why should we improve our pronunciation?

________________________________________________________________
2. What should we do while listening to English?
________________________________________________________________
3. What are the functions of reading the text out loud twice?
________________________________________________________________

4. What is the best way to learn a new word?

________________________________________________________________
5. Which films should we watch to develop speaking skills?
________________________________________________________________

IV. Read the following passage, then answer the questions by choosing the best option
A, B, C or D.
Today English is one of the most important languages and it is spoken and understood in
all parts of the world.
English has become an international language for a variety of reasons. One of the most
important of those is that the English people have been well- known for their knowledge of
science, medicine, engineering, government and all other matters that useful for the
progress of human race. It is thanks to the scientists of England that the motor-engine has
become the most important machine in the world today.
The thirst for knowledge of the English scholars has contributed to the progress of man
in almost all fields of his activity. Thousands of books have been written by such scholars
on almost every subject that one can think of. Thus, people whose mother tongue is not
English have learnt English with great interest as a means of acquiring knowledge of all
human affairs.
As a result of this interest, English is used almost everywhere in the world. It is used in
all the important meetings and conferences in the United Nations. It is also used in all
leading universities in the world and in international trade and commerce. As it is used so
widely, English has indeed become a very rich language. People of all the countries of the
world have contributed new ideas and thoughts to this language. Thus, more and more new
words are being created to make this language more and more useful for the
communication of ideas and information among the peoples of the world.
1. English is the most important language in the world because_________.
A. it is spoken and understood in all parts of the world.
B. it is my favourite subject.
C. it is used in meetings.
D. it is used in all leading universities.
2. The motor-engine has become the most important machine in the world today thanks
to_________.
A. the people all over the world. B. the scientists of England.
C. the United Nations. D. the Americans.
3. Thousands of books_________.
A. have been sold by English scholars on almost every subject
B. were written in English.
C. were read by English scholars.
D. have been written by English scholars on almost every subject that one can think of.
4. Because English is used so widely, _________.
A. it has become a very rich language.
B. it has become a very interesting language.
C. it has indeed become a very poor language.
D. it has become a very useless language.
5. Why do people whose mother tongue is not English have learnt English with great
interest?
A. Because it is a means of doing everything for all human affairs.
B. Because it is an interesting language.
C. Because it is a means of acquiring knowledge of all human affairs.
D. Because it is a means of practising what people have achieved in their jobs.

V. Read the passage. Fill in the blank with a suitable word.

The abstract noun “borrowing” (1) _________ to the process of speakers adopting (2)
_________ from a source language into their native language. The actual process of
borrowing (3) _________ complex and involves many usage events (i.e. instances of use of
the new word). Generally, some speakers of the borrowing language know the source
language too, or at least enough of it to utilize the relevant word. They (often consciously)
adopt the new word when speaking the borrowing language (4) _________ it most exactly
fits the idea they are trying to express. If they are bilingual in the source language, which is
often the case, they might pronounce the words the same or (5) _________ to the way they
are pronounced in the source language. For example, English speakers adopted the word
garage (6) _________ French, at first with a pronunciation nearer to the French
pronunciation than is now usually found. Presumably the very first speakers (7) _________
used the word in English knew at least some French and heard the word used by (8)
_________ speakers, in a French-speaking context.

❼. WRITING
I. Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using a relative clause.
1. They are looking for the girl and her dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
→ They__________________________________________________________
2. The children often go swimming at weekends. They have much free time then.
→ The___________________________________________________________
3. I have a friend. Her mum is a volunteer worker
________________________________________________________________
4. It is a camping shop. It has a lot of good equipment.
________________________________________________________________
5. The storm started at 2 o’clock this morning. It caused a lot of damage.
________________________________________________________________
6. Nick is my classmate. I’ve known him for a long time.
________________________________________________________________
7. Some people dream of a job. They can do the job without technology.
________________________________________________________________
8. My stereo doesn’t work today. It worked yesterday.
________________________________________________________________
9. The man is a computer expert. You were talking to him.
________________________________________________________________
10. Some documents have been found. They were stolen from a car.
________________________________________________________________

II. Rewrite the sentences using the conditional sentences type 2.

1. I learn ten new items of vocabulary a day. I can speak English with foreigners easily.
→ If I____________________________________________________________
2. She goes to an English speaking club every week. She speaks English fluently now.
If she____________________________________________________________
3. I think you should spend more time listening to the radio, watching TV and practicing
speaking English with your friends to improve your English.
→ If I were________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. I am a lot worried about the English exam because my vocabulary is poor.
→ If my vocabulary_________________________________________________
5. Jenny is very good at English because she goes aboard at every summer time.
→ If Jenny________________________________________________________
6. I can’t look the word up because I haven’t got a dictionary.
_________________________________________________________________
7. The wind is blowing hard, so I won’t take the boat out for a ride.
_________________________________________________________________
8. Nick can’t find the way because he hasn’t got a map.
_________________________________________________________________
9. I don’t know enough about machine, so I can’t mend it myself.
_________________________________________________________________
10. I don’t ride the bus to work every morning because it’s always so crowded.
_________________________________________________________________
III. Rewrite the following sentences using the second conditional.
1. I can't swim so I'm not going scuba diving with Jack.
_________________________________________________________________
2. We're not going to order a pizza because we don't have enough money.
_________________________________________________________________
3. We're not staying in the same hotel, so we can't share a room.
_________________________________________________________________
4. I'm not you, but I think you should call Antony right now!
_________________________________________________________________
5. I can't come because I have to help my dad with something.
_________________________________________________________________
6. I don't go to bed as late as you so I'm able to get up early in the morning.
_________________________________________________________________
7. I don't live alone so I don't get lonely.
_________________________________________________________________
8. John's got such a lot of homework that he's not going to play football tonight.
_________________________________________________________________
9. She can't buy the dictionary because she doesn't have enough money.
_________________________________________________________________
10. I don't speak English, so I can't communicate with some tourists from England.
_________________________________________________________________
IV. Use relative clauses to combine the following pairs of sentences.
1. My father lives in a small house full of ornaments. This makes it really difficult to learn.
→ My father _________________________________________________________
2. Some students take a year out before university. This allows them to work or travel.
→ Some students _____________________________________________________
3. The Guggenheim Museum is in Bilbao. It only displays contemporary art.
→The Guggenheim Museum ___________________________________________
4. My English teacher is leaving. His lectures are very interesting.
→My English teacher ________________________________________________
5. The lecture was about current economic policy. It was not easy to understand.
→The lecture _______________________________________________________
6. In 1990 my parents arrived in New York. They stayed there for the rest of their lives.
→My parents arrived in New York ______________________________________
7. I gave my assignment to the faculty secretary. She was not very friendly.
→ I gave my assignment ______________________________________________
8. English has become a global language. I am going to major in it.
→ I am going to _____________________________________________________
9. My nephew's English is fluent. He is studying in an English immersion school.
→ My nephew ______________________________________________________
10. I have never been to Apollo English Centre. Many other students learn English there.
→ I have never _____________________________________________________
=====================================================
 ANSWER KEYS
UNIT 9
❶. PHONETICS
I. Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.
1. B 5. C 9. B 13. D 17. C
2. D 6. B 10. A 14. C 18. A
3. D 7. A 11. A 15. B 19. D
4. A 8. C 12. D 16. B 20. A
II. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the other in each group.
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. C
11. C 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A

❷. MULTIPLE CHOICE
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences
1. B 11. B 21. A 31. A 41. D
2. D 12. D 22. C 32. C 42. A
3. A 13. A 23. B 33. D 43. C
4. C 14. C 24. A 34. B 44. B
5. D 15. D 25. D 35. C 45. C
6. C 16. B 26. C 36. C 46. D
7. B 17. A 27. D 37. C 47. B
8. A 18. C 28. B 38. B 48. D
9. C 19. D 29. A 39. A 49. C
10. A 20. A 30. C 40. A 50. C

❸. WORD FORMS
Give the correct form of the word given to complete the sentence.
1. multinational 6. obesity 11. circulation 16. communication
2. improvement 7. adventurous 12. preservatives 17. spoken
3. requirement 8. guided 13. magnificence 18. exploration
4. bilingual 9. official 14. inaccessible 19. various
5. mispronounced 10. non-native 15. grammatically 20. advertising

❹. VERB FORMS
I. Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type 2) by putting the verbs into the correct form.
1. had / would sail 6. would help / knew
2. had / would learn 7. would buy / had
3. told / would be 8. felt / would go
4. would spend / were 9. went / wouldn't be
5. lived / would run 10. wouldn't talk / were
II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. won 6. would you do
2. wouldn't make 7. painted
3. would you visit 8. would you spend
4. gave 9. had
5. would you be able 10. weren't (wasn't)

❺. CORRECTION
1. C → that 1l. B → whose
2. B → who 12. C → which
3. A → bỏ which 13. B → whom
4. A → who 14. A → whom
5. C → where 15. A → had
6. C → which 16. C → made
7. B → which 17. B → who
8. A → who 18. C → would
9. B → bỏ in 19. D → wants
10. C → that 20. B → which

❻. READING
I. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.
l. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B
6. D 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. D
II. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.
l. C 2.D 3.B 4. A 5.D
III. Read the passage, then answer the following questions.
1. Because good pronunciation will help people understand your spoken English clearly.
2. We should read the text, then read the text out loud, trying to imitate the pronunciation we
hear in the audio.
3. For the first time, we read slowly and focus on pronouncing each word correctly, and for
the second time, we read faster and focus on making your English flow, speaking each
sentence with a natural rhythm.
4. We should try saying it in a complete sentence.
5. We should watch films in English with English subtitles to learn English conversation
patterns.
IV. Read the following passage, then answer the questions by choosing the best option A, B, C or D.
l. A 2.B 3.D 4. A 5.C
V. Read the passage. Fill in the blank with a suitable word.
1. refers 5. similar
2. words 6. from
3. is 7. who
4. because 8. French

❼. WRITING
I. Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using a relative clause.
1. They are looking for the girl and her dog that have lost the way in the forest.
2. The children often go swimming at weekends, when they have much free time.
3. I have a friend whose mum is a volunteer worker.
4. It is a camping shop which has a lot of good equipment.
5. The storm which started at 2 o’clock this morning caused a lot of damage.
6. Nick is my classmate who/that I’ve known for a long time.
7. Some people dream of a job (which/that) they can do without technology.
8. My stereo, which worked yesterday, doesn’t work today.
9. The man (who/that) you were talking to is a computer expert.
10. Some documents which/that were stolen from a car have been found.
II. Rewrite the sentences using the conditional sentences type 2.
1. If I didn’t learn ten new items of vocabulary a day, I couldn’t speak English with
foreigners easily.
2. If she didn’t go to English speaking club every week, she couldn’t speak English fluently.
3. If I were you, I would spend more time listening to the radio, watching TV and practicing
speaking English with my friends to improve my English.
4. If my vocabulary were richer, I wouldn’t be worried about the English exam.
5. If Jenny didn’t go aboard at every summer time, she wouldn’t be very good at English.
6. If I had a dictionary, I could look the word up.
7. If the wind wasn’t/weren’t blowing hard, I would take the boat out for a ride.
8. If Nick had a map, he could find the way.
9. If I knew enough about machine, I would mend it myself.
10. If it wasn’t /weren’t so crowded, I would ride the bus to work every morning.

III. Rewrite the following sentences using the second conditional.

1. If I were able to swim, I'd go scuba diving with Jack.
2. We d order a pizza if we had enough money.
3. If we were staying in the same hotel, we could share a room.
4. If I were you, I'd call Antony right now!
5. I'd come if I didn't have to help my dad with something.
6. If I went to bed as late as you, I wouldn't be able to get up early in the morning.
7. If I lived alone, I'd get lonely.
8. If John didn't have so much homework, he'd play football tonight.
9. If she had enough money, she could buy the dictionary.
10. If I spoke English, I could communicate with some tourists from England.
IV. Use relative clauses to combine the following pairs of sentences.
1. My father lives in a small house full of ornaments, which makes it really difficult to learn.
2. Some students take a year out before university, which allows them to work or travel.
3. The Guggenheim Museum, which only displays contemporary art, is in Bilbao.
4. My English teacher, whose lectures are very interesting, is leaving.
5. The lecture which was about current economic policy was not easy to understand.
6. My parents arrived in New York in 1990, where they stayed for the rest of their lives.
7. I gave my assignment to the faculty secretary, who was not very friendly.
8. I am going to major in English, which has become a global language.
9. My nephew, whose English is fluent, is studying in an English immersion school.
10. I have never been to Apollo English Center, where many other students learn English.
=====================================================