ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, IN SPITE OF, DESPITE

1. Cấu trúc Despite và In spite of

Liên từ Despite và In spite of là những từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ, chúng giúp làm rõ sự tương
phản của hai hành động hoặc sự việc trong cùng một câu.
Cấu trúc
Khi Despite và In spite of ở đầu câu thì phải thêm dấu “,” khi kết thúc mệnh đề.

Cấu trúc:
 Despite/In spite of + Noun/Noun Phrase/V-ing, S + V + …
 S + V + …despite/in spite of + Noun/Noun Phrase/V-ing.

Ví dụ: 
 Despite the bad weather, I still go to school
(Mặc cho thời tiết xấu, tôi vẫn đến trường.)
 He still came to visit me sick in spite of being very busy
(Anh ấy vẫn đến thăm tôi ốm mặc dù rất bận rộn.)

Lưu ý 1: Cấu trúc Despite the fact that

Cả Despite và In spite of đều đứng trước “the fact that” tạo thành một mệnh đề trạng ngữ.
Theo sau mệnh đề này là mệnh đề chính của câu. 

Cấu trúc: Despite/In spite of the fact that + Clause, Main clause

Fortunately >< Unfortunately
Cấu trúc này rất dễ gây nhầm lẫn vì do người học tiếng Anh thường ghi nhớ máy móc Despite
và In spite of không thể kết hợp với mệnh đề, hoặc nhớ nhầm cấu trúc sang cấu trúc Despite/
of the fact that.
 
Ví dụ:
 The weather in Vietnam is quite hot despite the fact that it’s not over spring
(Thời tiết ở Việt Nam khá nóng mặc dù chưa qua mùa xuân)
 In spite of the fact that Mary was sick, she came to work.
(Mặc dù bị ốm nhưng cô ấy vẫn cố gắng làm việc)
Lưu ý 2: Vị trí của Despite và In spite of có thể đứng ở mệnh đề đầu hoặc mệnh đề sau đều
được.
Ví dụ:
 Despite his leg pain, he still plays soccer
(Mặc dù chân đau nhưng anh ấy vẫn đi đá bóng)
 He still plays soccer despite his leg pain.
(Anh ấy vẫn đi đá bóng mặc dù chân đau)
2. Cấu trúc Although, Though, Even though
Về mặt ngữ nghĩa, Although, Though và even Though tương đồng với cấu trúc Despite và
In spite of. Vì vậy chúng có thể dùng thay thế cho nhau. Tuy nhiên chúng lại có sự khác biệt
về mặt ngữ pháp.
Cấu trúc
Trong tiếng Anh cơ bản, chúng ta có thể sử dụng các từ này thay thế cho nhau mà không bị
thay đổi về mặt ngữ nghĩa.

Cấu trúc: Although/ though/ even though + S + V (chia theo thì thích hợp)

Ví dụ:
 He still chases after Anna even though he knows she doesn’t like him.
(Anh vẫn đuổi theo Anna dù biết cô không thích anh.)
 Although your parents won’t let him, he still goes out with you.
(Mặc dù bố mẹ không cho phép nhưng anh ta vẫn ra ngoài với bạn.)
Lưu ý: Cả 3 liên từ đều có thể đứng ở đầu hoặc giữa câu. Khi sử dụng chúng ở đầu câu, phải
thêm dấu “,” khi kết thúc mệnh đề
Cách dùng 
Mặc dù Although, Though, Even though có nghĩa hoàn toàn giống nhau và có thể thay thế cho
nhau nhưng ngữ cảnh và sắc thái biểu đạt 3 từ này lại khác nhau.
 Sử dụng Though ở đầu mang nghĩa trang trọng hơn so với Although.
 Even though diễn tả sự tương phản mạnh hơn although và though.
 Sử dụng mệnh đề rút gọn với Although và Though trong văn viết trang trọng. Ngược
lại, Though lại thường được sử dụng trong tiếng Anh giao tiếp hàng ngày với nghĩa
thân thiện, không trang trọng.
Ví dụ:
 Though he was busy, he still came to see me.
(Dù bận nhưng anh ấy vẫn đến gặp tôi.)
 Her salary is low even though her job is hard.
(Lương cô ấy thấp mặc dù công việc vất vả.)

3. Chuyển đổi câu giữa Although và Despite

Nguyên tắc chung khi biến đổi câu giữa Although và Despite là:
 Although/ though + mệnh đề
 Despite / in spite of + cụm từ
Dưới đây là một số cách biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ
Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ + be + tính từ
Trong trường hợp này, ta đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ và bỏ động từ to be

Although + S + V
=> In spite of/ despite + a/an/ the + ADJ + N

Ví du:
 Although the rain is heavy, she still goes to work. 
=> Despite the heavy rain, she still goes to work
(Mặc dù trời mưa nhưng cô ấy vẫn đi làm.)
 Although the shirt was beautiful, she didn’t buy it because she ran out of money.
=> In spite of the beautiful shirt, she didn’t buy it because she ran out of money.
(Mặc dù chiếc áo rất đẹp nhưng cô ấy không mua vì hết tiền.)

Nếu chủ ngữ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau

Khi chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề giống nhau, ta bỏ chủ ngữ ,động từ thêm “ing” .
Ví dụ:
 Although she was ill, she still went to school 
=>  Despite being ill, he still went to school.
(Mặc dù ốm nhưng cô ấy vẫn tới trường)
 Although he is poor, he is still playful.
=>In spite of being poor, he is still playful.
(Dù nghèo khó nhưng vẫn ham chơi.)
 
Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + be + tính từ 
Ta biến đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, đổi tính từ thành danh từ và lược bỏ be 
Ví dụ: 
 Although he was sick, he still played volleyball.
=> Despite his sickness, he still played volleyball.
(Mặc dù ốm, anh ấy vẫn chơi bóng chuyền)
 Although he is fine, he can still get sick.
=> In Spite of his fineness, he can still get sick.
(Mặc dù anh ấy khỏe nhưng anh ấy vẫn có thể bị ốm)
Lưu ý: Cách chuyển đổi này có thể áp dụng với cấu trúc Because => Because of
 
4. Bài tập ứng dụng cấu trúc Despite
Cùng làm bài tập dưới đây để nắm vững kiến thức  về cấu trúc Despite , In spite of, Although,
Though, Even though nhé!

Bài tập 1:
1. …………….. she is beautiful, everybody hates her.
2. ……………..earning a low salary, Sara helped her parents
3. Anna did not do well in the exam …………….. working very hard.
4. Lisa never talked to him …………….. she loved him.
5. …………….. I was very hungry, I couldn’t eat.
6. …………….. it was cold, Marie didn’t put on her coat.
7. …………….. the weather was bad, we had a good time.
8. Hung did the work …………….. being ill.
9. She refused the job …………….. the low salary.
10. He runs fast …………….. his old age.
I/ Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning
1. Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.
In spite of ______________________________________
2. Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.
Despite ________________________________________
3. My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.
In spite of ______________________________________
4. Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
Despite ________________________________________
5. In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job.
Although _______________________________________
6. He didn’t win an Oscar for Best Actor although he performed excellently.
Despite ________________________________________
7. The plot wasn’t very interesting, but the special effects were spectacular.
Although _______________________________________
8. Despite his English-sounding name, James Martin is in fact German.
Although _______________________________________
II/ Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D
1. ___________ an all- star cast, Hotel Artemis was a total box- office failure.
A. Because of
B. Although
C. Despite
D. In spite
2. Last night, I didn’t go to bed early ____________ being very tired.
A.despite of
B. in spite of
C. although
D. because
3. _____________ he spent much money on the film, it wasn’t a big success.
A. Even
B. But
C. Although
D. Despite
4. We didn’t find it funny_____________it was a comedy.
A.in spite of
B. despite
C. although
D. but
5. _______________ careful preparation, we have a lot of difficulties in making a new film.
A.With
B. However
C. Such
D. Despite
III/ Complete the sentences with although, despite, in spite of
1. Linda rarely sees Tom ______________ they live in the same town.
2. ______________ the weather was cold, we enjoyed our trip.
3. ______________ earning a low salary, Linda gave money to her parents
4. Hung went to work ______________ not feeling very well.
5. ______________ it was hot, she didn’t put on her hat when going out.
6. ______________ getting up late, she went to class on time.
IV. Rewrite the following sentences by using in spite of, although and despite
1. He broke his leg. He went to work. (Although)
_________________________________________________
1. There was a long queue. But we enjoyed seeing Eifffel. (Although)
_________________________________________________
2. He didn’t get the job. But he had all neccessary qualifications. (Despite)
_________________________________________________
3. The weather was bad. But we went to out. (In spite of)
_________________________________________________
4. There was a lot of noise in the house. But the children slept well. (Despite)
_________________________________________________
5. Paul and Mark live in the same town. But they rarely see each other. (Although)
_________________________________________________
V. Complete the sentences with although or in spite of
1. ………………. we are a small country, we sell almost a hundred machines a month.
2. ………………. all the difficulties, the project started on time and was a success.
3. ………………. we were warned against doing so, we went ahead with the project.
4. ………………. his lack of experience, he became a successful businessman.
5. ………………. being by far the oldest player, he scored three goals.
6. ………………. he’s millionaire, he drives a second-hand car.
7. ………………. all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
8. ………………. I had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
9. I love music ………………. I can’t play a musical instrument.
10. ………………. being very tired, we carried on walking.
11. The heating was on, but ………………. this the house was still cold.
12. Keith decided to give up his job ………………. I advised him not to.
VI. Complete the second sentence using the word in brackets so that it has the same
meaning as the first one
1. I love him despite his faults.
I love him ___________________________________ his faults. (OF)
2. Although he is very old, he is strong.
___________________________________, he is strong. (IN)
3. In spite of searching high and low, Tom couldn’t find his wallet.
___________________________________, Tom couldn’t find his wallet. (Despite)
4. Although she is sick, she will work.
___________________________________, she will work. (DESPITE)
5. He remained poor despite being a hard worker.
___________________________________, he remained poor. (ALTHOUGH)
6. Despite their efforts, they didn’t succeed.
___________________________________, they didn’t succeed. (IN)

Bài 2: Điền In spite/Despite/Although vào chỗ trống

1.Salim wnet to school alone, ________ she knew that it was very unsafe.
2. They liked their camping holiday, ________ of the rain.
3. ________ the pain in her leg, she still won the marathon excellent.
4. My father decided to buy the car ________ he didn’t really have enough money.
5. _______ she was very sick, she still try to complete this job.
6. ________ his age, he still plays badminton every morning.
7. ________ Land and Mike went to university together, they weren’t close friend.
8. We still play football outside _______ of the heavily rain.
9. ________ her illness, she must go to school.
10. Loan knew what he wanted ________ of not understanding anything.
Bài 3: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1.Although his friend was sick, she still went to work yesterday.
➔ __________________________________________________.
2. In spite of the dirty room, Salim didn’t clean it.
➔ __________________________________________________.
3. Despite her unkind behavior, we still love her.
➔ __________________________________________________.
4. Although there was the traffic jam, they went to the post office.
➔ __________________________________________________.
5. Despite the fact that Tony learnt very hard, he failed this test.
➔ __________________________________________________.
6. Although my uncle was tired, he still drove a hundred kilometers to the next city.
➔ __________________________________________________.
7. Her brother really enjoy this job although the salary was very low.
➔ __________________________________________________.
8. The film poster is wonderful. I don’t like to see it.
➔ __________________________________________________.
Bài 4: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai (nếu có)
1.Although being a poor, Binh learnt very well.
2. Although the heavily storm, I still went to school last Monday.
3. Despite Sonay had completed this project, he went to sleep.
4. Despite Minh Anh was thirsty, she didn’t drink much.
5. The flight wasn’t postponed although his foggy. 
Bài 5: Hoàn thành câu bên dưới chính xác bằng cách sử dụng Although, despite/in spite
of.
1.______ the story of the film was good, I didn’t like the acting.
2. I went to see the film ______ feeling really tired.
3. I really enjoyed the Water War______ most of my friends said it wasn’t a very good film.
4.______ careful preparation, they had a lot of difficulties in making the film.
5.______ the film was gripping, Tom slept from beginning to end.
Bài 5: Viết lại câu với although/in spite of/despite
1. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
Despite…
2. My mother told me to go to school although I was sick
In spite of…
3. Mary was admitted to the university although his grades were bad
Despite…
4. In spite of his god salary, Mary gave up his job.
Although…
5. I accepted the job although the salary was low
In spite of….
6. Even though it was cold, I went swimming.
In spite of….
7. Although they study hard, they can’t get good marks.
In spite of…
8. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
In spite of…