Nurse-Patient Rapport Building in times of the Pandemic: Experience of Staff Nurses of

SACRI
Related Studies

The Lived Experience of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A
Phenomenological Study
According to Karimi et al (2020), the purpose of this study was to investigate the
experiences of nurses caring for patients with covid 19 in Iran. A descriptive
phenomenology was used in this study. In order to select participants for the sampling,
the inclusion criteria were carefully followed. Data were gathered. Utilizing the mobile
messaging app WhatsApp for semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed
utilizing Colaizzi's methodology. The standards established by Lincoln and for the rigor
of the study, Guba were used. Nurses working in COVID-19 wards and care centers are
facing mental and emotional distress and working under inadequate professional
conditions. This study demonstrates that nurses face more challenges than ever before
during a pandemic. It is clear from the results that nurses have challenges that they
must overcome. The main topics that emerged from the nurses' statements were mental
health, emotional health, and care setting. Every subject contains two subthemes for
mental conditions, which include anxiety and stress, and fear. We have sorrow, misery,
and death as emotional conditions. Finally, there is the care setting, which is
characterized by upheaval and a lack of support and equipment. These critical
characteristics have a significant impact on nurses' mental health. Despite these
challenges, they continue to take care of their patients.

Experiences of Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study

According to LoGiudice and Bartos (2021), the purpose of this study was to explore
nurses' resiliency and to understand their lived experiences during the COVID-19
pandemic. In this investigation, a convergent mixed methods design was used. The
Brief Resilience Coping Scale was used to assess resiliency in the quantitative portion.
For qualitative analysis, Colaizzi's phenomenological method was applied. The study
included 43 nurses in all. The Brief Resilience Coping Scale has a mean score of 14.4.
Colaizzi's qualitative method revealed 5 themes to explain the experience of being a
nurse during the epidemic from 21 compelling accounts. Understanding the lived
experience offers a unique perspective on nursing during a worldwide pandemic, and it
serves as a beginning point for future measures to preserve nurses' well-being.

Exploring Nurse and Patient Experiences of Developing Rapport During Oncology

Ambulatory Care Videoconferencing Visits: Protocol for a Qualitative Study
This study aims to investigate the nature of nurse-patient rapport in ambulatory cancer
care video conferencing visits. The objectives include exploring how patients with
cancer and nurses describe experiences of rapport and strategies for cultivating rapport
in videoconferencing visits and similarities and differences identified by patients with
cancer and nurses between experiences of rapport in videoconferencing and in-person
visits. Data collection will begin during summer 2021, with results from the data analysis
anticipated by winter 2021. A research team trained in qualitative methodology will use
conventional content analysis to analyze the data using first- and second-level codes
derived directly from the transcribed text data. This study aims to determine what
behaviors, communication techniques, and relational practices need to be adapted in
videoconferencing telehealth visits, setting the foundation for future development of
interventions and evidence-based practice guidelines for relationship building during
videoconferencing telehealth visits. The pandemic makes this exploration of rapport in
telehealth video conferencing with nurses and patients timely. The rapid and successful
use of videoconferencing visits, coupled with potential benefits to patients, providers,
and health care systems, suggests that patient care using this technology will likely
continue to be a significant component of oncology ambulatory care even after the
pandemic has subsided [2,85-87]. This research will help determine what behaviors,
communication techniques, and relational practices need to be adapted to advance
effective nurse-patient rapport in oncology videoconferencing visits. This study will
set the foundation for developing interventions and evidence-based practice guidelines
for developing a nurse-patient therapeutic relationship during videoconferencing
telehealth visits

Nurses experience of caring for patients with COVID-19: A phenomenological

study
This study was aimed to explore nurses' experience with providing hands-on care to
patients with active COVID-19 infection in an Arabic society. A descriptive
phenomenological study interviewed 10 nurses through a purposive sampling approach
until data saturation was reached. The research site was hospital designated to receive
patients with active COVID-19 infection. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect
the data. The findings in the current study highlight the negative impact on participants'
physical and psychological wellbeing. Some study participant’s experienced vicarious
trauma after witnessing health care colleagues' sufferings and/or death from SARS-
Cov-2 infection. This kind of trauma could be viewed as the “cost of caring” as nurses
witness their colleagues suffering, this has resulted in psychological, and physiological
difficulties. It appears that Jordanian nurses have become occupied with thoughts about
their associates with COVID-19 infection. In exploring nurses' experiences of caring for
COVID patients, we discovered that nurses working and living in a collectivist society, in
which the work and social life are highly interconnected reported high levels of mental
distress. Although nurses had suffered from physical, social, and mental difficulties, they
were committed to providing patient care in which they conformed to their professional
standards. The balancing act of managing personal wellbeing, societal expectations and
professional commitments added to the impact of caring for COVID-19 patients in a
collectivist society in which resources and health management structures to keep
nurses safe were limited. The findings have implications for nursing and health policy.
The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a
qualitative study
This study aimed to describe the experiences of these health-care providers in the early
stages of the outbreak. This study is a qualitative study using an empirical
phenomenological approach. Nurses and physicians were recruited from five COVID-
19-designated hospitals in Hubei province using purposive and snowball sampling.
They participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews by telephone from Feb 10 to
Feb 15, 2020. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Haase's
adaptation of Colaizzi's phenomenological method. We recruited nine nurses and four
physicians. Three theme categories emerged from data analysis. The first was “being
fully responsible for patients' wellbeing—‘this is my duty’”. Health-care providers
volunteered and tried their best to provide care for patients. Nurses had a crucial role in
providing intensive care and assisting with activities of daily living. The second category
was “challenges of working on COVID-19 wards”. Health-care providers were
challenged by working in a totally new context, exhaustion due to heavy workloads and
protective gear, the fear of becoming infected and infecting others, feeling powerless to
handle patients' conditions, and managing relationships in this stressful situation. The
third category was “resilience amid challenges”. Health-care providers identified many
sources of social support and used self-management strategies to cope with the
situation. They also achieved transcendence from this unique experience. The intensive
work drained health-care providers physically and emotionally. Health-care providers
showed their resilience and the spirit of professional dedication to overcome difficulties.
Comprehensive support should be provided to safeguard the wellbeing of health-care
providers. Regular and intensive training for all health-care providers is necessary to
promote preparedness and efficacy in crisis management.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nursing Care: A Cross-Sectional

Survey-Based Study
This study highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing care and the
differences between nurses who were and were not reassigned. Despite all of the
difficulties faced by nurses, they were generally satisfied with the care provided, except
for younger nurses and those with limited working experience. Furthermore, in spite of
the healthcare reorganization, and the need to educate, prioritize, and individualize their
activities to meet the needs of patients with complex clinical conditions, nurses
continued to provide a high level of care, individualizing their practices and ensuring the
highest quality of care. Nurses who felt more prepared in terms of education and
training were more satisfied with the care provided, and an increase in the number of
patients decreased the frequency of fundamental care and nurse–patient relationships.
Nurses caring for COVID-19 patients performed nursing techniques more often, to the
detriment of patient education. Ensuring the appropriate deployment and education of
nurses is crucial to personalize care, especially during a pandemic, and to maintain
nurses’ satisfaction with the care provided. Policy makers should consider these results
to create structured plans to address long-term pandemics and ensure appropriate
nurse staffing in hospitals and primary care settings.

Perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic

in Karachi, Pakistan: an exploratory qualitative study
To explore healthcare provider’s perspectives and experiences of the barriers and
facilitators to treat and manage COVID-19 cases. A total of 31 interviews (KIIs=19;
IDIs=12) were conducted, between April and May 2020. Three overarching themes
emerged. The first was ‘challenges faced by front-line healthcare providers working in
COVID-19 wards. Healthcare workers experienced increased anxiety due to the fear of
acquiring infection and transmitting it to their family members. They felt overwhelmed
due to the exhaustive donning and doffing process, intense work and stigmatisation.
The second theme was ‘enablers supporting healthcare providers to deal with the
COVID-19 pandemic’. Front liners pointed out several enabling factors that supported
hospital staff including a safe hospital environment, adequate training, a strong system
of information sharing and supportive management. The third theme was
‘recommendations to support the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 crisis’.
Healthcare workers recommended measures to mitigate current challenges including
providing risk allowance to front-line healthcare providers, preparing a backup health
workforce, and establishing a platform to address the mental health needs of the
healthcare providers. This study provides an initial evidence base of healthcare
providers’ experiences of managing patients with COVID-19 in the early stage of the
pandemic and highlights measures needed to address the encountered challenges. It
offers lessons for hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries to ensure a safe
working environment for front-line workers in their fight against COVID-19. This study
provides an in-depth understanding of the healthcare providers’ experiences of the
COVID-19 outbreak and emphasises that adequate training and drills, sufficient PPE, a
safe and secured hospital environment, healthcare providers motivation, supportive
hospital management and leadership, strong hospital system of information sharing and
psychological support to address mental health needs of front liners are necessary to
improve the overall experiences of healthcare providers fighting COVID-19.
Nurses’ experiences of providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan:
A qualitative study
This qualitative study aimed to explore in-depth nurses’ experiences of providing care in
the time of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The study followed the COREQ guidelines.
Purposive sampling was applied to recruit participants. Semi-structured face-to-face
interviews were used to collect the data from 16 nurses across five hospitals in Taiwan
in 2020. Contents were analysed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. The essential
structure that was identified was ‘Providing care cautiously and being alert to the
changing environment’, which reflects the progress of Taiwanese nurses in providing
care during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The essence of the phenomenon is
presented through three themes: (i) facing the emerging challenge, (ii) struggling with
uncertainty, fear, stigma, and workload, and (iii) adapting to changes in the
environment: learning and innovation. The findings identified multi-dimensional impacts
of nursing experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the study yielded evidence
and practices that can be used to guide and support adequate interventions to support
nursing professionals. By understanding the various aspects of nurses’ experiences,
policymakers and administrators can better address nursing care providers’ professional
and mental health needs during a pandemic.

Quantitative research on the impact of COVID-19 on frontline nursing staff at a

military hospital in Saudi Arabia
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between stress, psychological
symptoms and job satisfaction among frontline nursing staff at a military hospital in
Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is descriptive cross-sectional
and the data being collected was an online survey. From February to April 2021, all
registered nurses working at military hospital were contacted, a total of 625 nurses
responded. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate analysis, Student's t-
test for independent samples and one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's
multiple comparison tests. The result shows that stress is a severe psychological
symptom among nurses who works in Saudi Arabia during pandemic, whereas the
depression and anxiety are considered as psychiatric disorder. Anxiety symptoms
shows among nurses who tested positive for covid 19. Pre-pandemic, unusually high
workloads were countered by reductions in outpatient appointments and treatments.
However, the uniquely intense and demanding nature of COVID-19 has made that an
impossibility for isolation and triage hospitals. Job satisfaction was explained by
nationality and work department. The main concerns were workload, work department,
supervision, collegial relationships and high mortality rates in patients.

The quality of patient-nurse communication perceived before and during the

COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian pilot study
Therapeutic communication is essential for assessing the quality of patients’ care. The
present study aimed to assess how the forced use of the mask influenced the
communication before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was
administered including two socio-demographic items, such as sex, as male and female,
and role, as nurse or patient, and the Quality of Communication Questionnaire (QOC)
for twice, referring to the period before and during the pandemic. 178 subjects
participated in the study, of which 60 (33.7%) were patients and 118 (66.3%)
were nurses. During the pandemic, patients reported no significant differences in the
perception of the quality of nurse-patient communication. While nurses recorded a lower
perception of communication quality during the pandemic period than before. The
patient willingly accepted the use of the face mask unlike nurses considered it a
further obstacle to an effective communication between nurse-patient. However, it
could be considered the emotional and caring overload that each nurse had stored
during the Covid-19 pan-demic, in addition to the fear of contagion that had gripped the
lives of nurses on a daily basis