Coconut tree (Cocos

nucifera)

Squirrel :Scandentia sp Dried Coconut Leaves

Lichen sp Some pebbles

Ant : Formicidae
Dry Soil

Ferns :Pyrrosia piloselloides A lot of Sunlight

 Classification of Cocos nucifera L.

Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Spermatophyta
Sub Division : Angiosperms
Class : Monocotyledoneae
Order : Palmales (Arecales)
Family : Palmae (Arecaceae)
Genus : Cocos
Species : Cocos nucifera L.

 Morphology of Cocos nucifera L.

Coconut plant morphology consists of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit. Details of the
morphological specifications of coconut plants are as follows:
1. Root
Coconut plants have strong roots. The roots are fibrous like other monocot plants. The
number of fibrous roots ranges from 2,000-4,000, depending on the health of the plant.
Some roots grow horizontally near the soil surface, sometimes reaching a length of 15 m,
and some extend to a depth of 2-3 m. Coconut plant roots are not able to penetrate the
hard soil. The fibrous roots of the coconut plant have an average thickness of 1 cm.

2. Trunk
Coconut plants only have one growing point located at the end of the stem, so that the
growth of the stem always points upwards and does not branch. Coconut plants do not
have a cambium, so they do not have secondary growth. Wounds on coconut plants
cannot heal because coconut plants do not form callus (callus). Stems gradually elongate
at the ends of successively growing leaves that are large and wide at certain plant levels,
from the axils of the leaves gradually come out wreaths of flowers.

3. Leaves
The structure of the coconut leaf consists of the leaf stalk, the leaf shaft, and the leaf
blade. The petiole is located at the base with a wide shape as a place to attach the leaf
shaft. The palm leaves have an even number of fins and parallel bones. The leaf blade is
pinnate and the leaves are located around the stem.

4. Flowers
Generally, coconut plants begin to flower at the age of 6-8 years. But now there are many
types of coconut plants that bear fruit faster, namely hybrid coconuts, which start
flowering at the age of 4 years. The coconut flower is basically a cob flower wrapped in
an upih membrane that comes out from between the leaf midribs. The flowers will open
but the roses dry and fall. Upih that is dry and falls is called sharp. Coconut flowers are
classified as monoecious flowers, meaning that the male and female genitalia are in one
flower.

5. Fruit
Coconut plant growth is divided into three phases:
Phase 1 lasts 4-6 months. In this phase, the shell and coir are only enlarged and still soft.
The embryo hole also enlarges and is filled with water.
 Phase 2, lasts for 2-3 months. In this phase, the shell gradually thickens but is not really
hard.
Phase 3, in this phase the white institution or endosperm is in development, which starts
from the base of the fruit gradually towards the tip. At the base, the shape of an
institution begins to appear, the color of the shell changes from white to blackish brown
and gets harder.

 Coconut Tree Ecology

Coconut is a type of plant that belongs to the areca nut family (Arecaceae). All parts of
the coconut tree can be used, ranging from flowers, stems, midribs, leaves, fruit, even the
roots can be used.
Coconut plants really need a suitable living environment for their growth and
reproduction. Environmental factors that greatly influence the growth of coconut are climate
and soil type. Climatic factors are strongly influenced by latitude and altitude. Coconut plants
have optimum growth at 10˚ latitude - 10˚ latitude and still grow well at 15˚ latitude –15˚
latitude, therefore coconuts are commonly found growing in tropical areas such as Indonesia,
the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. Several climatic factors are important in the
growth of coconut:
a) Coconut can grow well in rainfall between 1300-2300 mm / year, even up to 3800 mm or
more, as long as the soil where it grows has good drainage.
b) Wind has an important role in flower pollination (cross pollination) so that it can produce
more varied offspring, besides that wind also plays a role in the transpiration process. 10
c) Coconut plants need sunlight with a minimum irradiation time of 120 hours/month or
2000 hours/year as a source of energy for the photosynthesis process. If the growth of the
coconut is shaded by other plants, the young plants will not grow and develop properly
and fruit development will be hampered. If the monthly irradiation is higher than the
average, the production amount will usually also increase.
In addition to climatic factors, another factor that plays an important role is the state of
the soil. The ability of the soil to hold water and the depth of the soil is very important to
maintain optimum coconut growth. The growth of coconut plants also depends on the degree
of acidity (pH) of the soil. The degree of acidity (pH) of a good soil is 6.5-7.5, but there are
also coconuts that can grow in soils that have a pH of 5-8.
And the types of soil that are good for coconut trees are:
a. Rich alluvial soil or moderately moist loam.
b. Latosol soil has a clay or clay structure, especially in waiting for channels, rivers and
others.
c. Sand soil, especially the Aladdin Litteral type.

CHAPTER III
 METHODS
3.1 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian