Class: IX A & IX B (Geography)

Chapter-4 Climate
Q.No.1 There is a wide variation observed in amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation.
Discuss with suitable examples.
Ans-1 There is a wide variation observed in amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation.
For example: the annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10
cm in Ladakh and Western Rajasthan. Similarly, most parts of the country receive rainfall from
June to September, but the Tamil Nadu coast gets most of its rain during October and
November. Upper parts of Himalayas receive precipitation in the form of snow, while it rains
over the rest of the country.
Q.No.2 When does Tamil Nadu coast get rainfall?
Ans-2 The Tamil Nadu coast gets most of its rain during October and November.
Q.No.3 How do the upper parts of Himalayas receive precipitation?
Ans-3 Upper parts of Himalayas receive precipitation in the form of snow, while it rains over
the rest of the country.
Q.No.4 What are the permanent factors of climatic controls?
Ans-4 Permanent factors which govern the general nature of the climate of any location on the
earth are called factors of Climatic Controls such as i) Latitude, ii) Altitude, iii) Pressure and
Wind system, iv) Continentality or Distance from the sea, v)Ocean currents and vi) Relief
features.
Q.No.1 How latitudes control the climate of a place? Discuss
Ans-1 Latitude is the angular distance of a location from the equator in North-South direction.
Due to curvature of the earth, the amount of solar energy received varies with latitude. As a
result, air temperature decreases from the equator towards the poles.
Q.No.2 How Altitude controls the climate of a place? Discuss
Ans-2 Altitude refers to the height above the mean sea level. With increase of height from the
Earth’s surface, the temperature decreases and air becomes less dense. Therefore, hilly regions
are cooler in summer.
Q.No.3 How Pressure and Wind system controls the climate of a place? Discuss
Ans-3 Pressure and Wind system depends on the latitude and altitude of a place. It influences
the temperature and rainfall pattern of the area.
Q.No.4 How Continentality or Distance from the sea exerts influence upon the climate of a
place? Discuss
Ans-4 Continentality or Distance from the sea refers to the moderating influence on the
climate exerted by the sea. As the distance from the sea increases, the weather conditions
become more extreme. This condition is known as Continentality, i.e. high temperature and
rainfall variation between seasons.
Q.No.5 How Ocean Currents influence the climate of a place? Discuss
Ans-5 Ocean Currents along with onshore winds (warm or cold) affect the climate of coastal
areas. For example, cold onshore currents bring coolness in coastal areas.
Q.No.6 How Relief Features control the climate of a place? Discuss
Ans-6 Relief Features refers to the effects of different geographical features upon climate. High
mountains stop cold or hot winds from reaching a location. It can also cause rain or snow if the
place is on the windward side of the mountains. The leeward side of mountains is relatively
dry.
Q.No.1 What are the climatic factors of India that affect India’s climate?
Ans-1 Latitude, Altitude, Pressure and winds etc. are some of the factors that affect India’s
climate.
Q.No.2 Which latitude affect the climate of India the most?
Ans-2 Latitude like the Tropic of Cancer (23⁰ 30’ N) divides the country into the tropical zone
(South of this line) and the sub-tropical zone (North of this line). The line runs from the Rann
of Kachchh (West) to Mizoram (East). So, India’s climate has charasterics of tropical as well as
sub-tropical climates.
Q.No.3 How altitude affects the climate of India?
Ans-3 Altitude also affects the climate of India. Mountains in the North of India have an
average elevation of about 6000m, whereas on the coastal areas as well as islands, maximum
elevation is about 30m. The Indian sub-continent experiences milder winters as compared to
Central Asia because of the Himalayas which prevent the cold winds from entering the sub-
continent.
Q.No.4 Why the Indian sub-continent experiences milder winters as compared to Central Asia?
Ans-4 The Indian sub-continent experiences milder winters as compared to Central Asia
because of the Himalayas which prevent the cold winds from entering the sub-continent.
Q.No.5 What are the atmospheric conditions that govern the climate and associated weather
conditions of India?
Ans-5 Pressure and winds such as i) Pressure and surface winds, ii) Upper Air Circulation, iii)
Western Cyclonic Disturbances and Tropical Cyclones are the atmospheric conditions that
govern the climate and associated weather conditions of India.
Q.No.1 Which force forces the North-Easterly winds to blow towards South and deflect to the
right?
Ans-1 The Coriolis force as the North-Easterly winds blow South, get deflected to the right due
to the Coriolis force and move towards the equatorial –low pressure region.
Q.No.2 What is Coriolis force?
Ans-2 Coriolis force is an apparent force that as a result of the Earth’s rotation, deflects moving
objects like air currents to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern
hemisphere.
Q.No.3 What causes cold dry winds to blow from high –pressure area to the low pressure area?
Ans-3 During winter, high-pressure areas develop over the areas North of Himalayas. This
causes cold dry winds blow from the area towards low-pressure area over the oceans to the
South.
Q.No.4 What happens with the air pressure in Summer months?
Ans-4 In summer, due to high temperature, low- pressure area develops over interior Asia and
over North-Western India. Air from high pressure areas of Southern Indian Ocean blow and
cross the equator and turns right towards this low pressure region resulting in complete
reversal of wind direction.
Q.No.5 What is Ferrell’s law?
Ans-5 Coriolis force is an apparent force that as a result of the Earth’s rotation, deflects moving
objects like air currents to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern
hemisphere. This is known as Ferrell’s law.
Q.No.6 What is the effect of South-West Monsoon winds?
Ans-6 South-West Monsoon winds gather large moisture and bring widespread rainfall over
the mainland of India.
By:
B. B. Mahapatra
Social Science Teacher
DAV Public School, Topa, Ramgarh, Jharkhand: 825330