Pop the Balloon!

Directions: You will pass the

balloon to the person next to
you. When the music stops,
whoever is the last one who
holds it will pop the balloon and
answer the question written on a
piece of paper.
________________ refers
to the day-to-day
temperature and
precipitation activity in the
atmosphere.
Weather refers to the day-
to-day temperature and
precipitation activity in the
atmosphere.
Weather is the set of conditions in the
atmosphere in one _______ for a
limited period of _______ such as
throughout the day, at night, or at any
particular point during the day.
Weather is the set of conditions in the
atmosphere in one location for a
limited period of time such as
throughout the day, at night, or at any
particular point during the day.
_____ is the average of all
weather conditions of an area
over a long period of time.
Climate is the average of all
weather conditions of an area
over a long period of time.
http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/weather
Climate describes the average
condition of the atmosphere over a
_______ period of time, such as
across spans of 30 years or more,
for a given location.
Climate describes the average
condition of the atmosphere over a
long period of time, such as
across spans of 30 years or more,
for a given location.
 Weather
S_NS_ _ _ E
T_ _N_ _S_ _RM W_N_S includes these
factors:

R_ _N SN_ _ BL_ Z_AR_

H_ _T
H_
R_ _L
_n W_ _E
 Blizzard is a severe snowstorm with high
winds and low visibility.

https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/facts-effects-and-formation-of-blizzards.php
 Weather includes the following:
Sunshine Blizzards

Rain Ice storms

Cloud cover Thunderstorms
Winds Steady rains from a cold
front or warm front
Hail Excess heat

snow Heat waves

Flooding
An air mass is a large body of air with generally
uniform temperature and humidity.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5097120/
Pacific Cold Front
 Warm Front

https://slideplayer.com/slide /5097120/
Cirrus & cirrocumulus announcing a
warm front
Cold Front and Warm Front
 Cold Front
Cumulus clouds form and
usually grow into snow
storms/thunderstorms.
When the temperature
difference between two air
masses is large, strong
thunderstorms with heavy rains,
hail, snow or possibly tornado
will occur.
Cold fronts are followed by
cooler, drier air.
Warm Front
The first signs of the warm front are
the cirrus clouds, followed by the
cirrostratus, altostratus, nimbocumulus
and stratocumulus types of clouds.
Warm front brings more steady,
lighter rain or snow in front of it, which
can last from a few a hours to several
days. Precipitations are usually less
heavy but are more extensive (300-400
km) than at the cold fronts.
Temperatures may warm slightly.
What are the factors that affect
the climate of an area?
1. LATITUDE

- is the geographic coordinate that specifies the north-

south position of a point on the surface of the earth.

- is an angle that ranges from 00 at the equator to 900

(North or South) at the poles.
- is the single most important factor that determines
climate.
dictates the intensity and duration of sun exposure to the
earth.
 THE FIVE LATITUDINAL SECTIONS OF THE
1. LATITUDE EARTH:
• Latitudinal sections in the Northern
Hemisphere:
1. Tropic of Cancer (23.50 N)
2. Arctic Circle (66.50 N)
3. Equator serves a reference point and is
set as 00 latitude.
• Latitudinal sections in the Southern
Hemisphere:
4. Tropic of Capricorn (23.50 S)
5. Antarctic Circle (66.50 S)
http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/weather
http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/weather
http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/weather
Aphelion – the
point in Earth’s
orbit where it is
farthest from the
Sun.
On July 5, 2024,
Earth is
94, 510, 538 miles
away from the
Sun.
http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/weather
Perihelion – the
point in Earth’s orbit
where it is closest
to the Sun.
Between Jan. 2
and 6, 2024
Earth is 91 million
miles from the Sun.
Perigee – the
point in the
moon’s orbit
where it is
closest to the
Earth.
Apogee – the
point in the
moon’s orbit
where it is
farthest from
the Earth.
 THE FIVE LATITUDINAL SECTIONS OF THE
1. LATITUDE EARTH:
 1. LATITUDE

▪ As the latitude increases north or south of the equator, the

temperature_________ (increases, decreases).

▪ The farther away the region is from the equator, the ______ (lesser,
greater) the energy that reaches the ground at any point in time.

▪ Places at low latitudes (close to the equator) receive (lesser, greater)

sunlight than those at high latitudes (far from the equator).
 1. LATITUDE

▪ As the latitude increases north or south of the equator, the

temperature decreases.

▪ The farther away the region is from the equator, the lesser the
energy that reaches the ground at any point in time.

▪ Places at low latitudes (close to the equator) receive greater sunlight

than those at high latitudes (far from the equator).
1. LATITUDE

▪ The Earth rotates on its own axis at an angle of 23.50.

As it orbits the sun, the Northern Hemisphere will point
towards or away from the sun on certain times of the
year. The Earth’s axial tilt creates an imbalance in the
amount and length of exposure of areas to the sun,
causing these areas in both Hemispheres to experience
different seasons.
• In June, the
Northern Hemisphere
experiences summer
while the Southern
Hemisphere
experiences winter.
• At this time of the
year, the North Pole
also points towards
the sun and
experiences daylight
for 24 hours, while it
is dark all day in the
South Pole.
• In September, the
Northern Hemisphere
faces away from the
sun and starts
experiencing autumn,
while spring begins in
the Southern
Hemisphere. In the
North Pole, it is dark
all day from
September to March
while in the South
Pole, the sun is
visible all the time.
2. PROXIMITY TO LARGE BODIES OF WATER

• Islands are surrounded by bodies of water and can

have windward and leeward sides.
• Areas located on the windward side of islands are cool
and moist.
• Areas on the leeward side are warm and dry.
 What is the difference
between windward side and
leeward side?
 WINDWARD SIDE – areas where winds
blow from the sea onto land.

LEEWARD SIDE – areas where

winds blow inland towards the sea.
 Island of Boracay

• Its windward side is on the eastern shore. That is why

it is ideal for wind surfing.
• Its leeward side in on the west where beaches have
calmer waters and are ideal for scuba diving, snorkeling,
and other activities.
 3. OCEAN CURRENTS

• Water cools down temperature. Water heats up and cools

down more slowly than landmasses. Thus, coastal areas
are usually cooler even in summer.
• Warmer ocean currents bring warmer climate while
colder ocean currents cause a cooler climate.
 IMPORTANT FACTS:
Q1: Why does the temperature of
places in the Southeastern part of
Japan rise?
IMPORTANT FACTS:
IMPORTANT FACTS:
Q1: Why does the
temperature of
places in the
Southeastern part of
Japan rise?
• Because the Kuroshio
Current that comes
from the northeastern
part of the Philippines
brings warm water that
makes the air warmer
in those places.
Thermohaline Circulation
 Thermohaline Circulation
Thermohaline Circulation
is an overturning
circulation in which water
flows poleward near the
surface and is
subsequently converted
into cold water that sinks
and flows equatorward in
the interior.
Thermohaline Circulation
Thermohaline Circulation
is an important
factor in the earth’s
climate because it
transports heat
poleward that is
about ¼ of the total
heat of the ocean
circulation system.
Ocean Currents
Major surface currents
of the world’s oceans.

Red lines indicate

warm-water currents,
and blue lines indicate
cool-water currents.
Q2: What
undesirable thing
might happen if the
Arctic warms and
more sea ice
melts?
Q2: What undesirable thing
might happen if the Arctic warms
and more sea ice melts?
• As the Arctic warms and more
sea ice melts, the influx of
freshwater will make the
seawater at high latitudes less
dense. In effect, the less
dense water could hardly sink
and circulate throughout the
world. When this happens, the
thermohaline circulation may
stop and change the climate of
European and North American
continents.
 Something to Ponder on!

What do you think is the implication of

climate on the lifestyle of the people
living in a particular region?
 Something to Ponder on!
What is the significance of being able to
adapt to certain circumstances to
become productive individuals?
 Quiz
1. What is the difference between weather and
climate?
2. As the latitude increases north or south of the
equator, the temperature_________ (increases,
decreases).
3. Warmer Ocean currents bring ________ climate
while colder ocean currents cause a ________
climate.
4. Areas located on the _________ side of islands are
cool and moist.
 4. ELEVATION
- is one of the factors affecting climate as it
affects the region’s temperature and
precipitation.

Temperature decreases with elevation.

For every 100-meter rise in altitude,

temperature decreases by one degree
Celsius.
 5. WINDS

- arecreated by the difference

between the regions of high and low
pressures. The larger the difference
in pressure, the stronger the winds
become.
 5. WINDS
Coriolis force is a factor that greatly
influences wind speed and direction.
Coriolis force is an apparent force created
by earth’s rotation that deflects moving air
to the right of its initial direction in the
Northern Hemisphere and to the left of its
initial direction in the Southern Hemisphere.
 Coriolis Force

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5269835/
 Coriolis Force
The Coriolis effect is an effect
that most of us do not notice and
do not need to observe in daily life.
However, this effect is so important
that it is vital in some industries. In
order for a missile or a shuttle
launched into space to reach its
destination and land in a healthy
way, the Coriolis effect should be
included in the calculations and its
orbits should be determined
accordingly. Otherwise, millions of
dollars of investments, a lot of
effort, and research will be lost in
the space before they reach their
goals.
https://thesciencetech.com/technical/coriolis-effec
t/
 Coriolis Force
• The magnitude of the effect of Coriolis force depends
on latitude.

⮚Zero at the equator

⮚Increases to maximum at the north and south poles

⮚(As the deflection of wind increases, wind speed
increases.)
 6. RELIEF
- refers to the shape of the land’s surface. It includes
aspects such as the direction in which a slope faces.

- difference in height from the surrounding terrain

https://line.17qq.com/articles/shchtcsax_p6.html
https://line.17qq.com/articles/shchtcsax_p6.html
 RAIN SHADOW EFFECT
Prevailing winds carry air toward
the mountain range. As the air
rises up over a mountain range,
the air cools, water vapor
condenses, and clouds form. On
this side of the mountains, called
the windward side, precipitation
falls in the form of rain or snow.
The windward side of a mountain
range is moist and lush because of
this precipitation.
https://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/precipitation/rain_shadow.htm
 RAIN SHADOW EFFECT Rain shadow is a dry region of land
on the side of a mountain range that
is protected from the prevailing winds.
Prevailing winds are the winds that
occur most of the time in a particular
location on the Earth. The protected
side of a mountain range is also
called the lee side or the down-wind
side.

Land in a rain shadow is typically very

dry and receives much less
precipitation and cloud cover than
land on the windward side of the
https://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/precipitation/rain_shadow.htm
mountain range.
 RAIN SHADOW EFFECT
Some examples of rain shadow deserts
in North America include:
•The dry basins east of the Cascade Range in Washington
and Oregon
•The Great Basin of Nevada and Utah, east of the Sierra
Nevada mountain range
•The Colorado Front Range, east of the Rocky Mountains
Rain shadow deserts can be found in
other areas of the world, including the
following:
•The Gobi Desert in Mongolia and China is in a rain
shadow due to the towering Himalaya mountain range.
•The Atacama Desert in Chile is in a rain shadow created
by both the Andes Mountains and weather patterns over
the Pacific Ocean.
•The Hawaiian Islands have rain shadows on the leeward
sides of volcanoes.
https://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/precipitation/rain_shadow.htm
 RAIN SHADOW EFFECT

The Great Basin of

Nevada and Utah,
east of the Sierra
Nevada mountain
range

https://www.myutahparks.com/things-to-do/neighboring-parks/great-basin-na
tional-park/
 RAIN SHADOW EFFECT

The Atacama Desert in

Chile is in a rain shadow
created by both the
Andes Mountains and
weather patterns over
the Pacific Ocean.

https://www.britannica.com/place/Atacama-Desert
 Something to Ponder on!

What do you think is the implication of

climate on the lifestyle of the people
living in a particular region?
 Something to Ponder on!
What is the significance of being able to
adapt to certain circumstances to
become productive individuals?
 Group Activity
Explain the topic that you picked in the most
effective way that you can think of.
 Group Activity
Explain the topic that you picked in the most
effective way through pageantry. (Looking for
Mr. & Ms. Climaverse)