India's Democratic Government

Class V
Week 2, 3
1
In this lesson we will be learning about:
● Meaning of democracy
● Division of State Powers in India

- The legislature
- The Executive
- The Judiciary
● States and Union Territories

2
Activity Time!
3
What do we conclude from the activity?
Group 4, where all the members of the group
were involved in the decision making, such type
of government is called a 'Democratic
Government'.
India has a democratic government or we can
say India is a democracy and that too the
largest democracy in the world!
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5
Write any 3 examples to show that democracy is
followed in your school.
● Wearing uniform without discrimination,
● all religions permitted to study;
● facilities of the school are enjoyed by all students irrespective of
the caste, creed, or religion;
● all students are given equal opportunities to participate on school
competitions, projects, activities, and so on with any bias or
discrimination;
● student council and election take place where students are
permitted to select their student leader and vote freely;
● all students are given equal opportunities to ask doubts/queries, to
stand up for anything that is wrong, express their opinions, ideas.
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How can a class be managed easily?
● By giving duties to one person OR
● By dividing the duties among students

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● Similarly Indian state(country) has government of its
own and has many responsibilities or duties towards
its people. The Constitution has divided these
between three different branches:
● The Legislature
● The Executive
● The Judiciary.

This is called 'Division of State Powers in India'

OR
'Separation of Powers'
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 State Responsibilitie
s
Means a
country that Indian state has
is controlled
01 02 many
by one responsibilities
government

Power Division of power

Constitution Constitution
gives the state has divided
several powers these powers
to carry out 03 04 between three
these different
resposibilities. branches
 The Indian State

The The
The Executive
Legislature Makes sure that laws are Judiciary
Makes laws These are the courts.
(follows Directive properly followed. It also
They make sure that laws
Principles of State makes policies which
are properly understood.
Policy) must follow the Directive
Principles
 The Legislature

At the centre In the states

Sansad Bhawan Vidhan Sabha

(Parliament (Legislative
House) Assembly)
 Legislature at the Centre
1. The legislature at the Centre is
called Parliament. It has two houses –
The Lok Sabha (House of the People)
and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).​
2. Members are elected to the Lok Sabha
and the Rajya Sabha from every part of
the country. They are called Members of
Parliament (MPs).
3. When we cast vote for the central
government, elected members become
Member of Parliament (MP)
Legislature in the States
1. In most Indian states, legislature has
only one house called the Legislative
Assembly.
2. Members are elected from all parts
of the state. They are called Members
of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs).
3. When we cast vote for the state
government, elected members become
Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA)
Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha
MLAs of Punjab Punjab Legislative Assembly at
Chandigarh
 Powers!!!
Powers of the Parliament Powers of the State Legislature

. It makes laws for the whole of India.​ It makes laws for its particular states.​

2. It keeps a check on how the 2. It keeps a check on the functioning

executive branch at the Centre functions by of the executive branch by in the state by
asking questions or by discussions.​ asking questions or by discussions.

3. It approves the union budget presented by 3. It approves the state budget

the executive branch for the whole of India. presented by the executive branch for
The Lok Sabha discusses it and agrees to it the state.​​ It is discussed and voted for.
through a vote
 The Executive/ Goverment

Prime Chief Minister

Minister
Head of Government Head of Government
at the centre in the state

Council of Ministers Council of Ministers

 Ministers make sure
that the policies of the
governments are
carried out.

Governments plan and

present laws for discussion
and approval to the Functions of the
parliament (Country level) Executive
and to the State Legislative
assembly (State level).

Governments also
prepare the budget and
decide the taxes that
people have to pay.
Write the following questions and answers in your notebook

Q1. What is democracy?​

A1. Democracy is the form of government, which is of the people, for
the people and by the people

Q2. What are the functions of the legislature?

A2. The legislature at the centre and the state has almost similar
functions to perform:​
1. Legislature is the law-making body of the government and makes
laws for the country and state likewise.​
2. It keeps a check on the functioning of the executive by asking
questions.​​
3.It controls how the executive branch will get and spend money by
asking them to present the budget.
Q3. What is the executive and state its functions ?​
Ans3. Executive also referred to as ‘government’ is responsible for
ensuring that the laws are properly followed. It is similar at the
centre and in the states. The Executive consists of:​

Head Head of the Government

Country President Prime Minister

with Council of ministers​

State Governor Chief Minister

with Council of ministers​
The functions of the executive are:

1.Ministers make sure that the policies of the

governments are carried out.

2. Governments plan and present laws for discussion

and approval to the parliament (Country level) and to
the State Legislative assembly (State level).

3. Governments also prepare the budget and decide

the taxes that people have to pay.
Have you seen this picture before?
What does she symbolize?
She symbolizes fair and equal administration of
the law, without corruption, favor, greed, or
prejudice.
Judiciary of the entire country is one system

24
 Highest Court is Supreme
Court
Located at New Delhi.

High Courts are the middle

level.
21 High Courts in India

District Courts are at lowest

level
Several hundred district
courts in India
 Supreme Court of India
Its heads is Chief Justice of India
Each high court has one chief justice as head
At Chandigarh
 CJ Ravi Shankar Jha
Chief Justice Punjab and Haryana Court
 Responsibilities of the Judiciary

To protect the rights To explain the meaning

and freedoms of of the Constitution
people of the when it is not clear.
country.

To deliver justice To settle disputes

to the people of according to the law.
the country.
Activity Time!
31
 States
and
Union Territories
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Locate these places on the political map of India
in your map booklet.

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Compare them with other states on the map. Do
you find any difference between the two?
Yes, you are right. These places are smaller in size as compared to
other states of India.
These are the union territories of India.
It refers to those territories that are too small to be independent or
are too different (economically, culturally and geographically) to
be merged with the surrounding states or are financially weak or
are politically unstable. Due to these reasons, they couldn't
survive as separate administrative units and need to be
administered by the Union Government.

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States and Union Territories
The basic difference between state and union territory
is that, a state has a separate governing body
whereas, a union territory is directly governed by
the central government or union government.
Andaman and Nicobar island was the first union
territory of India, Chandigarh is the joint capital of
Punjab and Haryana state of India.

35
Watch these modules for better understanding of the
topic:

Lesson 1 - https://satpaulms-
my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/remotelearning_spms_org_in/ET-
KazghZtFMrmwrA5ZWvfcBuOM5Ndtaf9vbzNzvB0rv1Q?e=lRyIWZ

Lesson 2 - https://satpaulms-
my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/remotelearning_spms_org_in/Ecp2vVrh_
E5Jmb1gAzUS9RAB0_L0Nkr-HWM9IqnsAgOS4w?e=X4fmDj
 Write questions and answers in your notebook
Q4. Explain and draw the pyramid –shaped structure of the
judiciary.​

Ans. At the top of the pyramid is the Supreme Court.

•It is the highest court and is located at New Delhi.

•Head of the Supreme Court is the Chief Justice of India.

At the middle level of the pyramid are the High Courts.

•There are 21 High Courts in the country and each has a Chief
Justice as its head.

At the lowest level of the pyramid are the District Courts.

•There are several hundred district courts in India.
 Q5. How are union territories different from the states of
India ?
Ans.
1. The union territories are governed directly by the Central
government in the name of the President. The states have their
own elected governments.

2. Two out of 8 union territories – Puducherry and the National

Capital Territory of Delhi – have legislature.
 Check the answers of back exercise
B. Fill in the blanks: D. Match the following:
1.State​ ​1. Rashtrapati – President​
2. President, Governor​ 2. Rajyapal – Governor​
3. highest​ 3. Vdhan Sabha – Legislative assembly​
4. constitution​ 4. MP – Member of Parliament​
5. Judiciary 5. MLA - Member of Legislative assembly

C. Write True or False:

1. False
2. True
3. True​
4. True​
5. False​
 Watch this module for better understanding of the
topic:
Lesson 1 - https://satpaulms-
my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/remotelearning_spms_org_in/ET-
KazghZtFMrmwrA5ZWvfcBuOM5Ndtaf9vbzNzvB0rv1Q?e=lRyIWZ