IS 1875 : 1992

(Reaffirmed 2004)
Edition 6.2
(1994-11)

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Indian Standard
CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS, SLABS AND
BARS FOR FORGINGS - SPECIFICATION
( Fifth Revision)
(Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 & 2)

UDC 669.14 - 412

© BIS 2007

BUREAU OF INDIAN STA DARDS

MA~ AK BHAVAX, 9 BAHADVR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
XEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 3
 IS 1875 : 1992

Indian Standard
CARBONSTEELBILLETS,BLOOMS,SLABSAND
BARS FOR FORGINGS - SPECIFICATION
( Fifth Revision)
1 SCOPE 3 TERMIKOLOGY
1.1 This standard covers the requirements for 3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the defini-
nine classes of carbon steel billets, blooms, tions given in IS 1956 (Part 6) shall apply.
slabs and bars for forgings designated as class
4 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL
1, lA, 2, 2A, 3, 3A, 4, 5 and 6 (see Table 1 ).
4.1 General requirements relating to the
2 REFERENCES supply of material shall be as laid down in
2.1 The following Indian Standards are neces- IS 1387 : 1993.
sary adjuncts to this standard. 4.2 The steels covered by this standard shall be
IS No. Title ordered and delivered on the following basis:
228 Methods for chemical analy- a) Chemical composition; and
sis of steels ( revised)
1387 : 1993 General requirements for the b) Tensile properties and/or hardness.
supply of metallurgical 5 MANUFACTURE
materials ( second revision)
1500 : 1983 Method for brinell hardness 5.1 Billets, blooms, slabs and bars for forgins
test for metallic materials shall be manufactured from killed steel made
( second revision) by open-hearth, electric, basic oxygen, combina-
1599 : 1985 Method for bend test (second tion of these processes, or any other suitable
revision) method which will meet the requirements of
1608 : 1972 Method for tensile testing of the standard. The stock may be manufactured
steel products (first revision) by hot rolling or forging.
1762 Code for designation of steels: 5.2 Sufficient discard shall be made from each
(Part 1) : 1974 Part 1 Based on letter symbols ingot to secure freedom from piping and undue
(first revision)
segregation.
1852 : 1985 Rolling and cutting tole-
rances for hot rolled steel 5.3 The material shall be made from ingot hav-
products (fourth revision) ing at least four times the cross-sectional area
1956 Glossary of terms relating to of the products.
(Part 6) : 1976 iron and steel: Part 6 Forging 5.3.1 For blooms 300 x 300 mm and larger size
(including drop forging) or its equivalent cross sectional area, though
3739 : 1987 Dimensional tolerances for
not meeting the requirement of 5.3, may also be
carbon and alloy construc-
supplied with prior permission from the
tional steel ( first revision)
purchaser. In case of reduction by forging
4075: 1985 Method for macrostreak flaw
test for steel ( first revision) process prior permission from the user is not
4748: 1988 Method for estimating ave- necessary if the reduction is more than 2.5 : 1.
rage grainsize of metals (first 5.4 The conditioning method should be so
revision) chosen that it shall not have any injurious
9684 : 1980 Technical conditions for the effects in the billet, bloom and bar. Material
supply of hot rolled billets, required for forging may be conditioned to
blooms, slabs and bars for remove injurious surface defects provided that
closed die forgings the following limitations shall apply:
10138 Macroscopic method for
(Part 3) : 1983 determination of non-metallic a) Conditioning shall be allowed only in the
inclusion content in wrought longitudinal direction. Conditioning in the
steel: Part 3 Magnetic particle transverse direction shall not be allowed,
inspection method except for surface inspection purposes.
11371 : 1985 Method for macroetch test for b) The depth of conditioning shall not
wrought steel products exceed 1 mm for every 15 mm of the

1
IS 1875 : 1992

dimension concerned subject to a maxi- either by the methods specified in the relevant
mum depth of 20 mm. parts of IS 228 or any other established instru-
c) The width of conditioning shall be at least mental/chemical method, shall be as given in
four times its greatest depth. Table 1. In case of any dispute, the procedure
d) An exception is made in the case of slabs given in relevant parts of IS 228 shall be the
whose width is at least twice the thickness. referee method.
The depth of conditioning in the case of
slabs shall not exceed 1 mm for every 6.2 Check Analysis
10 mm of the dimensions concerned The purchaser may specify check analysis on
subject to a maximum depth of 20 mm. blooms, billets, slabs and bars. The number of
e) While conditioning the material, the samples on which the analysis has to be carried
dimensions of the product may go below out shall be at the rate of one sample per 100
the minimum dimensions permitted ac- products of same section subject to a minimum
cording to the tolerances specified. When of one sample per section.
reduced amount of dressing than what is
permitted by such clauses (b), (c) and (d) 6.2.1 The permissible deviation in check
is required, the extent of dressing shall be analysis from the specified composition limits
mutually agreed to between the given in Table 1 shall be as given below:
manufacturer and the purchaser.
f) When required by the users for the Constituent, Percent. Permissible Variation,
material to be used for closed die forging, Percent, Max
the dressing may be allowed to such an
For Sections For Sec-
extent that its cross sectional area as
tions
defined by dimensional tolerances does
250 mm 250 mm to
not go below the minimum of the
or less 500 mm
tolerance limit.
Carbon:
5.4.1 In special cases, particularly where it is
Up to 0.25 ± 0.02 ± 0.04
necessary on large material and where condi-
tioning is not injurious, greater depth of condi- Over 0.25 up to and
tioning may be permitted by special agreement including 0.50 ± 0.03 ± 0.05
between the supplier and the purchaser. Over 0.50 ± 0.04 ± 0.06
5.4.2 In other cases, conditioning of material for Silicon ± 0.03 ± 0.04
removing injurious defects shall be as agreed to Manganese ± 0.04 ± 0.07
between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
Phosphorus + 0.005 + 0.010
6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Sulphur + 0.005 + 0.010
6.1 Ladle Analysis 6.3 .The following elements wherever not speci-
The ladle analysis of steel, when carried out fied in Table 1 shall not be added to the steel,

Table 1 Chemical Composition

( Clauses 1.1, 6.1, 6.2.1, 6.3 and 12.1.1)
Class Designation Constituent, Percent
[ See IS 1762
(Part 1) : 1974] Carbon Silicon Manganese Sulphur Phosphorus
Max Max2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1 14C6 0.10-0.IS 0.15-0.35 0.40-0.70 0.04 0.04
lA 15CS 0.10-0.20 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 0.04 0.04
2 20CS 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 0.04 0.04
2A 25CS 0.20-0.30 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 0.04 0.04
3 30CS 0.25-0.35 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 0.04 0.04
3A 35CS 0.30-0.40 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 0.04 0.04
4 45CS 0.40-0.50 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 0.04 0.04
5 55CS 0.50-0.60 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 0.04 0.04
6 65C6 0.60-0.70 0.15-0.35 0.50-0.S0 0.04 0.04
NOTES
1 When the steel is aluminium killed or killed with both aluminium and silicon, the requirements of minimum silicon
content shall not apply. For aluminium killed steel the total aluminium content shall be within 0.02 to 0.05 percent.
2 Sulphur to the order of 0.05 to 0.12 percent may be supplied by mutual agreement between the supplier and the
purchaser.

2
 IS 1875 : 1992

except where agreed to, other than for the 8.2 Tolerances for rolled billets (square and
purpose of finishing the heat and shall not RC.S.) blooms and slabs for general engineer-
exceed the following limits: ing forgings shall be as given below:
Constituent Percent Cross-Sectional Permissible
~ickel 0.30 Dimensions Variation
Chromium 0.30 mm mm
Copper 0.25 Less than 100 1.5
or
Molybdenum 0.05 100 to 150 + 4_5
Vanadium 0.05 -2.0
Boron 0.0003 Over 150 + 6.0
Tin 0.05 -3.0
)lOTES 8.2.1 For forged blooms, billets and slabs, the
1 Trace elements (Cr .•. Ni + Mo) when added together tolerances shall be in accordance with
shall not exceed 0.50 percent. IS 9684 : 1980.
2 Percent copper + 10 x (Percent tin) shall not exceed 8.3 For special requirements, the dimensional
0.50 percent.
tolerances shall be in accordance with Grade I
7 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS of IS 3739 : 1987.
7.1 Billets, blooms, slabs and bars shall be 9 MECHANICAL TEST
reasonably free from any external or internal 9.1 Tensile Test
cracks, flakes, laps, rough, jagged and
imperfect edges and other injurious surface The tensile tests shall be carried out in accor-
imperfections. Unless specified in the order, the dance with IS 1608 : 1972. The test pieces shall
suitable method of parting may be used by the be machined lengthwise from each test sample
manufacturer and after parting the material selected as prescribed in 10. The tensile pro-
shall be sufficiently straight. perties shall conform to the requirements given
in Table 2. The properties given in Table 2 are
8 DIMENSIO~AL TOLERANCES applicable to test piece taken on rounds in the
8.1 Rolled steel bars for general engineering direction of the fibre, the axis of which cor-
forgings shall be true to the prescribed dimen- responds to Fig. 1. For rectangular sections the
sions within the tolerances specified in ranges for equivalent section shall be as given
IS 1852 : 1985. in Fig. 2.

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RECTANGULAR SECTIONS
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 1 LOCATION OF THE TENSILE TEST PIECES IN THE
PRODUCTS TO BE DELIVERED

3
IS 1875 1992

/ RANGE OF USE FOR

100
/ DIAMETERS 0
------
E 80
E
/ ..•.••r--.,. ...•.•.•.•
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100<D~ 160
--- I--

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<1'1 60
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u 40 / ~O<05100
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20
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oV 0516
o 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
WIDTH IN mm
FIG. 2 ApPLICABILITY OF THE VALUES, GIVEN IN TABLE 2
FOR ROUND SECTION, TO RECTANGULAR SECTION·

Table 2 Tensile Properties and Hardness

(Clause 9.1)
Class Tensile Yield Elongation Hardness Normalizing
Strength Strength (GL = 5.65 fSo), Min Temperature
Min Min Min, PercentO (HB) eC)
(MPa) (MPa) (For information only)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

1 370 200 26 100 880-910

1A 410 220 25 110 880-910
2 430 230 24 120 880-910
2A 460 250 22 130 880-910
3 490 270 21 140 860-890
3A 540 280 20 155 850-880
4 620 320 15 175 830-860
5 710 350 13 200 810-840
6 740 370 10 210 800-830
NOTE - The properties given in the table refer to ruling section up to 100 mm in the as rolled or as forged and
normalized condition and are applicable to test samples taken along the direction of grain flow. For higher section as
well as for the supply in hardened and tempered condition, the properties shall be as agreed to between the purchaser
and the manufacturer. . .

9.2 Hardness Test same cast, one additional test sample shall be
The hardness test shall be carried out in accor- selected from each diameter or thickness of bar
dance with IS 1500 : 1983. if desired by the purchaser.

10 SAMPLING
10.1 Sampling for Chemical Analysis
The ladle analysis shall be supplied
manufacturer.
10.2 Sampling for Mechanical
In the case of bars up to 100 mm size, the test
samples shall be selected from finished parts at
the rate of one sample from each lot, provided
the quantity from one cast does not exceed 25
metric tonnes. Where the quantity from each
cast exceeds 25 metric tonnes, one more test
sample shall be selected. When more than one
diameter or thickness of bar is rolled from the
11 RETEST
11.1 Retest for Product Analysis
by the If the results of the check analysis do not con-
form to the composition requirements given in
Table 1 and Steel grade with allowance of
Tests variation in case of check analysis from the
specified limits, unless otherwise agreed to bet-
ween the purchaser and the manufacturer, two
new samples shall be taken on different pieces
from the same cast. Should the two analysis
satisfy the requirements, the lot represented
shall be accepted, should either of the sample
fail, the material shall be taken as not comply-
ing with this standard.

4
 IS 1875 : 1992

11.2 Retest for Mechanical Properties 64

Should any of the test pieces first selected fail to 44
pass any of the tests specified in this standard,
two further samples shall be selected for testing
in respect of each failure. Should the test pieces
from both these additional samples pass, the
material represented by the test samples shall
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be deemed to comply with the requirements of "

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that particular test. Should the test pieces from ,t , ,
either of these by the test samples additional " I
samples fail, the material represented shall be 'I I
II I
considered as not having complied with this
standard, except that the manufacturer may II :
II I
reheat-treat (not more than twice) the material
:I I
represented and resubmit it for testing. t I I
II I
12 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS 'I I
\1 I
12.1 The following supplementary requirements ~ /1
shall apply only when specified by the purchaser ~ //

in the inquiry, contract and order. Details of

these supplementary requirements shall be as
agreed to between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
12.1.1 Chemical Composition
The purchaser may specify in special cases more 64 For Class 4
restricted range for one or more elements in 44 For Classes 3 and 3A
respect of carbon, sulphur and phosphorus than 38 For Classes 1, lA, 2 and 2A
the compositional limits indicated in Table 1. All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 3 BEND TEST
12.2 Bend Test
12.4 Macrostructure
When bend test requirements for classes 1, lA,
2, 2A, 3, 3A and 4 are specified the same shall The macrostructure of steel on the etched
be carried out in accordance with transverse sections, when examined in
IS 1599 : 1985. Where the dimensions permit, accordance with IS 11371 : 1985, shall be free
test pieces 230 mm long and 32 mm square from harmful shrinkage porosity, blow holes,
with edges rounded off shall be machined laminations, cracks, non-metallic inclusions,
lengthwise from each test sample and bent cold cavities, flux, dendrits, etc. However, the
by direct pressure round a former of diameter acceptance norms shall be as agreed to between
appropriate to the class of steel as shown in the supplier and the purchaser.
Fig. 3 until the sides of the test piece are NOTE - The steel rolled from continuously cast route
parallel. shall also be examined by following the methods of
preparation of sample in accordance with IS 11371 : 1985
12.2.1 Smaller sizes shall be bent in full section and the norms of acceptance shall be mutually agreed to
by a former having a diameter proportional to between the supplier and the purchaser.
that specified for a 32 mm square test piece. 12.5 Ultrasonic Test
Each bend test shall comply with the require-
ments without fracture. Ultrasonic examination and the level of accept-
ance shall be mutually agreed to between the
12.2.2 Subsequently, the ends of the test pieces
manufacturer and the user.
for classes 1, lA, 2, 2A, 3 and 3A material shall
be brought together by direct pressure and the 12.6 Magnetic Particle Test
test piece shall not fracture. Magnetic particle test shall be carried out in
12.2.3 No bend test shall be required for classes accordance with the method specified in
5 and 6. IS 10138 (Part III) : 1983 and level of accept-
ance shall be mutually agreed to between the
12.3 Grain Size
supplier and the purchaser.
When agreed to between the supplier and the
12.7 Blue Fracture Test
purchaser, steel shall be supplied with the
specified grain SIze III accordance with The test shall be conducted in accordance with
IS 4748 : 1988. IS 4075 : 1985 and the level of acceptance shall

5
IS 1875 : 1992

be mutually agreed to between the be legibly stamped with the cast number
manufacturer and the user. and, when specified, the class designation;
and
13 MARKING
b) Bars up to and including 50 mm diameter
13.1 Unless agreed otherwise, the material or width across flats shall be bundled
shall be identified as follows: together and a tag attached bearing the
a) Each billet, bloom, slab and bar over 50 cast number, and when specified, the class
mm in diameter or width across flats shall designa tion.

ANNEXA
(Foreword)

INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN BY THE PURCHASER

A-I While placing an order for the steels d) Tests required;

covered by this standard, the purchaser should
specify clearly the following:
a) Class designation;
b) Description regarding size, length, etc.;
c) Condition of delivery;
e) Method of manufacture;
f) Any special requirements, such as bund-
ling and packing; and
g) Supplementary tests, if required.