Class 10 Science | Metals and Non-metals | DPP Solutions

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Class 10 Science | Metals and Non-metals | DPP Solutions

Metals and Non-metals

Daily Practice Problems
Solutions

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Class 10 Science | Metals and Non-metals | DPP Solutions

Question 1:
Where are sodium, magnesium and aluminium placed in reactivity series? By
which process they are obtained from their ores?
Answer:
Sodium, magnesium and aluminium are placed in top of reactivity series. They
are obtained from their ores by Electrolysis.

Question 2:
Give the reaction of Al & Zn with steam.
Answer:
2Al + 3H2O → Al2O3 + 3H2
3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2

Question 3:
Which of the following element does not react with dil. HCl?
1) Fe
2) Al
3) Cu
4) Zn
Answer:
Correct option is 3) Cu
Fe, Al & Zn reacts with dil. HCl to give salt and hydrogen gas but in case of Cu
there is no reaction observed with dil. HCl.

Question 4:
Define:
1) Roasting

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Class 10 Science | Metals and Non-metals | DPP Solutions

2) Calcination
Answer:
1) Roasting
Process in which sulphide ores are converted into oxides by heating strongly in
the presence of excess air is known as roasting.
2) Calcination
Process in which carbonate ores are changed into oxides by heating strongly in
limited air is known as calcination.

Question 5:
What is thermit reaction? Give its application.
Answer:
The reaction of iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) with aluminium to give molten Fe and
Al2O3 is called Thermit reaction. It is used to join railway tracks or cracked
machine parts.

Question 6:
Define:
1) Ore
2) Gangue
Answer:
1) Ore
Minerals which contain a very high percentage of a particular metal and that
metal can be profitably extracted from it. Such minerals are called ores.

2) Gangue

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Class 10 Science | Metals and Non-metals | DPP Solutions

Ores mined from the earth are usually contaminated with large amounts of
impurities such as soil, sand, etc., which is called gangue.

Question 7:
Aqua regia is a freshly prepared mixture of concentrated nitric acid and
concentrated hydrochloric acid in the ratio of
a) 1:3
b) 3:1
c) 1:2
d) 2:1
Answer:
Correct option is a) 1:3.
Aqua regia is a freshly prepared mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and
concentrated nitric acid in the ratio of 3:1.

Question 8:
Write the balanced equation involved:
1) Sodium reacts with water?
2) Aluminium oxide reacts with HCl?
Answer:
1) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
2) Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

Question 9:
How Mercury is extracted from its ore Cinnabar? Give chemical reactions
involved.

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Class 10 Science | Metals and Non-metals | DPP Solutions

Answer:
1) Mercury is metal which is low in the reactivity series and hence unreactive
and its oxide ore (Cinnabar) can be reduced to mercury by heating alone.
2) Cinnabar (HgS) is heated in air, it is first converted into mercuric oxide (HgO).
Mercuric oxide is then reduced to mercury on further heating.
Heat
2HgS + 3O2 2HgO + 2SO2

Heat
2HgO 2Hg + O2

Question 10:
Name the following:
(i) Metal that can be cut by knife
(ii) Lustrous non-metal
(iii) Non-metal that exists in liquid state at room temperature
(iv) Most malleable and ductile metal
(v) Metal that is best conductor of heat
(vi) Non-metal that can exist in different forms
Answer:
(i) Sodium
(ii) Iodine
(iii) Bromine
(iv) Gold
(v) Silver
(vi) Carbon

Question 11:
What is an alloy? How it is prepared?

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Class 10 Science | Metals and Non-metals | DPP Solutions

Answer:
1) An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and a
non-metal.
2) It is prepared by first melting the primary metal, and then, dissolving the
other elements in it in definite proportions. It is then cooled to room
temperature.

Question 12:
Solder is an alloy of
1) Cu & Sn
2) Pb & Sn
3) Cu & Zn
4) Fe & Sn
Answer:
Correct option is 2) Pb & Sn
Solder is an alloy of Pb & Sn.

Question 13:
State with reason any three characteristics of the Electrovalent compounds.
Answer:
1) Ionic compounds are solids and are somewhat hard because of the strong
force of attraction between the positive and negative ions.
2) Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points. This is because a
considerable amount of energy is required to break the strong inter-ionic
attraction.

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3) They conduct electricity in molten state & in their aqueous solution because
charged particles move freely in molten state and aqueous solutions of ionic
compounds and conduct electricity.

Question 14:
You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in a china dish, the
reddish brown surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black
substance. What is this black substance? How can the black coating on the
surface be turned reddish brown?
Answer:
1) When Copper is heated in air, Cu gets oxidised to form CuO which is the black
substance.
2) By passing hydrogen gas over the heated material, CuO gets reduced back to
Cu and black coating turns reddish brown.

Question 15:
An ore on treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid produces brisk effervescence.
Name the type of ore with one example.
Answer:
Type of ore: Carbonate ore
Example: Zinc Carbonate

Question 16:
What happens when zinc granules are added to freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution? Give reason for your answer.

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Answer:
1) Freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution has green colour but on adding
Zinc granules to the solution it would become colourless due to formation of
Zinc sulphate and Iron.
2) This is because Zinc is more reactive than Iron, as a result it displaces Iron
from its compound Ferrous sulphate.

Question 17:
List in tabular form three chemical properties on the basis of which we can
differentiate between a metal and non-metal.
Answer:
Sr. Metals Non-metals
No
1. Metals loose electrons Non-metals gain electron readily
readily and form positively and form negatively charged ions.
charged ions.
2. Metals react with Oxygen to Non-metals react with Oxygen to
form basic oxides. form acidic & neutral oxides.
3. Metals react with dil. HCl to Non-metals do not liberate
liberate Hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas when treated with
dil. HCl.

Question 18:
Give reasons:
(a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
(b) Metals like sodium and potassium are neither kept open nor in water but
stored under oil.

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Class 10 Science | Metals and Non-metals | DPP Solutions

Answer:
(a) Platinum, gold and silver are Lustrous, ductile, malleable and least reactive
elements. Therefore, they are used for making jewellery.
(b) Sodium and Potassium are highly reactive metals and they vigorously react
with Oxygen and water resulting in fire. Therefore, they are neither kept in open
nor in water but stored under Kerosene oil.

Question 19:
Silver articles become black when kept in open for some time, whereas copper
vessels lose their shiny brown surfaces and gain a green coat when kept in open.
Name the substances present in air with which these metals react and write the
name of the products formed.
Answer:
Metal Substances present in air Product formed
with which metals react
Silver Sulphur Silver Sulphide (Black)
Copper Moisture & CO2 Copper carbonate (Green)

Question 20:
What are amphoteric oxides? Give an example. Write balanced chemical
equations to justify your answer.
Answer:
1) Metal oxides showing acidic as well as basic nature are amphoteric oxides.
Example – Al2O3
2) a) Reaction of Al2O3 with acid:
Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

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b) Reaction of Al2O3 with base:

Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O
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