Chapter 9: Environment & Sustainable

Development
Q1. What is the main cause of pollution in cities?

a) wastage c) Industries
c) Vehicles d) None of these

Q2. The cause of environmental degradation in India is/are:

a) Rapid increase in population b) Poverty
c) Richness d) All of these

Q3. Cost of sacrifice is known as:

a) Marginal Cost c) Opportunity Cost

c) Fixed Cost d) None of these

Q4. Which of these help in organic pesticides?

a) Peacock b) snake
c) owl d) All of these

Q5. All living elements --- the birds, animals and plants, forests, fisheries etc—are:
a) Abiotic elements b) Biotic elements
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these

Q6. Which of these is a function of environment?

a) To offer production resources b) To enhance quality of life

c) To assimilate waste d) All of these

Q7. What is the main cause of soil erosion?

a) Ozone depletion b) Air pollution
c) Deforestation d) All of these

Q8. Deforestation leads to:

a) Air pollution b) Land degradation
c) Biodiversity loss d) All of these

Q9. For which pollution, the government set up the Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB):
a) Air pollution b) Noise pollution c) Water pollution d) All of these

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Q10. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was set up in the year:
a) 1951 b) 1974
c) 1991 d) 2001

Q11. Environmental degradation is:

a) Price-demand reversal of resources over time
b) Supply – price reversal of resources over time
c) Supply – demand reversal of resources over time
d) None of the above

Q12. Two major environmental issues facing the world today are:
a) Global warming and ozone depletion
b) Growth and sustainable development
c) Poverty and inequality
d) None of these

Q13. Which of the following is not an example of Abiotic elements of the environment?
a) Air b) Water c) Birds d) Rocks

Q14. The Chipko movement, which aimed at protecting forest in the

a) Himalayas b) Kerala
c) Maharashtra d) Karnataka

Q15. The Appiko Movement, which aimed at protecting forest in the

a) Himalayas b) Kerala
c) Maharashtra d) Karnataka

Q16. Which of the following increases quality of life?

a) Rivers b) Seas c) Mountains d) All of these

Q17The average rise in temperature of Earth is known as:

a) Opportunity Cost
b) Global warming
c) Ozone Depletion
d) Deforestation

Q18. Carrying capacity implies:

a) Generation of wastes should remain within the absorption capacity of the environment
b) Resource extraction should remain below the rate of resource regeneration
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these

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Q19. Which of the following is the long-term result of global warming?
a) More frequent tropical storms
b) Melting of polar ice result in the rise in sea level
c) Extinction of species as ecological niches disappear
d) All of these

Q20. Factor contributes to global warming is:

a) Hydrogen gas released in animal waste
b) Reforestation
c) Burning of coal and petroleum products
d) Decrease in cattle production

Q21. Which of the following is an important function of environment?

a) To provide resources for production
b) To provide aesthetic services
c) To assimilate waste
d) All of these

Q22. Which of the following are biotic elements (i) Birds (ii) Water (iii) Land (iv) Forests?
a) (i), (ii) b) (i), (iii)
c) (i), (iv) d) (ii), (iii)

Q23. Sustainable development can be achieved by:

a) Restricting use of renewable resources
b) Controlling the growth of population
c) Controlling pollution
d) All of these

Q24. If a person is hired on a permanent basis and also get social security benefits, he is
called as:
a) Casual Worker b) Self-employed
c) Regular worker d) None of these

Q25. Which of the following is not a worker?

a) A person employed in orphanage home b) Gambler
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these

Q26. An establishment with four hired workers is known as ……………. sector establishment
a) Formal b) Informal c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these

Q27.Unemployment leads to which of the following?

a) loss of manpower b) Loss of output
c) decline in capital formation d) All of these

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Q28. Which of the following is false regarding disguised unemployment?
a) Marginal productivity of worker is high
b) Mounting pressure of population in rural areas with no alternative employment
c) Feature of agrarian economy
d) More people are engaged than required

Q29. Which of the following provides the maximum employment?

a) Industry b) IT sector c) Primary sector d) Service sector

Q30. Which one of the following activities can be included in the primary sector?
a) Making sugar from sugarcane
b) Cultivating sugarcane
c) Providing storage facilities for grains
d) Giving loan to the farmers

Q31. Percentage of population participating in production activity is called:

a) labour force b) Workforce c) Labour supply d) Participation rate

Q32. What is the reason of educated unemployment?

a) Low rate of literacy b) A good number of highly educated people
c) Faulty education system d) None of the above

Q33. Which of the following is false regarding formal sector?

a) Workers are not entitled to social security benefits
b) Worker of this sector called formal workers
c) They can form trade union
d) All of these are false.

Q34. When a person quits in order to find a second job it may cause temporary
unemployment. It is example of:
a) Frictional unemployment b) Open unemployment
c) Cyclic unemployment d) Rural unemployment

Q35.Which of the following is a component of environment?

a) Living elements only b) Non-living elements only
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these

Q36. Which of the following is not considered as an element of environment?

a) Air b) Land
c) Weather d) Electricity

Q37. Which of the following is a reason of noise pollution?

a) Domestic sewerage b) Industrial waste
c) Industrial machines d) Emission of gases

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Q38. Which of the following is a cause of environmental degradation?
a) Population Explosion b) Increasing urbanisation
c) Rapid industrialisation d) All of these

Q39. Sustainable development is that development which satisfies the need of:
a) present generation only b) future generation only
c) Both (a) and (b) d) none of these

Q40. Which of the following is a necessary condition of sustainable development?

a) Increase in the quality of life b) Reduction in the level of pollution
c) Conservation of the stock of natural capital d) All of these

Q41. An increase in real income along with an increase in economic welfare is called:
a) economic growth b) economic development
c) sustainable development d) none of these