IED CH 9

CHAPTER –9-SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

SI Question:
.No
1 Sustainable development is related to:
(A) Rural development.
(B) Urban development.
(C) Human development
(D) Environment.
2 The main reason for the soil erosion is:

(A) Ozone depletion.
(B) Air pollution.
(C) Deforestation.
(D) None of the above.
3 Sustainable development can be achieved by:

(A) Reducing the use of renewable resources.
(B) By controlling high population growth.
(C) Controlling pollution.
(D) All of the above.
4 Ozone depletion means:

(A) Depletion of hydrosphere.
(B) Destruction of the ozone layer.
(C) Destruction of fauna.
5 When the surface soil is washed away due to flood. It mainly cause:
(A) Land degradation.
(B) Soil erosion.
(C) Biodiversity loss.
6 Smoke emitted by the industries cause:

(A) Water pollution.
(B) Air pollution.
(C) Noise pollution.
7 Abiotic elements consist of:

(A) Plants.
(B) Birds.
(C) Air.
8 Sustainable development is that development that satisfies the need of:
1|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

(A) A generation
(B) Present and future generation only
(C) Past and present generation only
(D) None of these
9 Which of the following is not used as a strategy for sustainable development?

(A) Use of biogas
(B) Use of hydel power
(C) Use of solar power
(D) Use of thermal power
10 Non-renewable resources are those resources which

(A) are renewed continuously
(B) are not exhausted after use
(C) are exhausted after use
(D) have unlimited supply
11 Which of the following is not the function of the environment?

(A) Extraction of resources
(B) Assimilating waste
(C) Supply of resources
(D) Sustains life
12 Two major environmental issues facing the world today are ____________ and
_____________.
(A) Environmental degradation and loss of life
(B) Floods and droughts
(C) Global warming and ozone depletion
(D) soil erosion and noise pollution
13 Global warming is caused by……………….

(A) Hot climate
(B) oxygen and nitrogen
(C) acid rain

(D) Green-house gases
14 Which of the following is/are the main feature/s of sustainable development?

(A) Maximum rise in per capita income
(B) No increase in population
(C) fast pace of growth and development
(D) rational use of natural resources
15 Opportunity cost of negative environmental impacts

(A) Huge expenditure on technology and research to explore new resources
(B) Rising health expenditure due to increased incidence of respiratory and water borne
diseases
(C) increased financial commitments for the government due to global warming
(D) all of the above
16 Mini hydro plants are good for the environment because they
(A) generate electricity only for large areas
(B) do not change the land use pattern
(C) rely only on the large rivers
(D) generate more electricity
17 The problem of ozone depletion is caused by high levels of ________ and __________
compounds in the stratosphere.
(A) Chlorine and Bromine
(B) Chlorine and Carbon
(C) Silicon and Bromine
(D) Silicon and Hydrogen
18 Which of the following is not the factor responsible for land degradation?
(A) Shifting Cultivation
(B) Deforestation
(C) Poaching
(D) Unsustainable fuel wood and fodder extraction

19 The Greenhouse -effect
(A) Is the decrease in the surface temperature on Earth
(B) Is the rise in the surface temperature on Earth
(C) Is caused by the oxygen shortage
(D) Is the rise in UV-B rays reaching the earth’s surface.
20 Which of the following is/are not an objective (s) of sustainable development?

(A) Continue to implement the family planning program.
(B) Maintain a dynamic balance of arable land (not less than 123 million hectares) and
implement an agricultural development strategy
(C) Maintain a dynamic balance of water resources by reducing water consumption for every
unit of gross development product growth and agricultural value-added
(D) To bring about a gradual and sometimes catastrophic transformation of the environment
21 Following is (are) the element(s) of sustainable agriculture

(A) Permaculture
(B) agroforestry
(C) mixed farming
(D) all of the above
22 When the consumption of natural resources is equal to nature’s ability to replenish then
sustainability is
(A) not sustainable
(B) steady state economy
(C) environmentally sustainable
(D) none of the above
23 Who among the following was associated with Chipko movement?

(A) Sundarlal Bahuguna
(B) Gaura Devi
(C) Sudesha Devi
(D) All of the above
24 Which of the following was started to save the evergreen tropical forest in the Palakkad
district of Kerala, India from being flooded by a hydroelectric project?
(A) Chipko movement
(B) Silent Valley Movement
(C) Appikko Movement
(D) Jungle Bachao Movement
25 Which of the following is not a possible adverse effect of global warming?

(A) Sea level rise
(B) An increase of UVB radiation
(C) Retreat of glaciers
(D) Extraordinary weather patterns
26 What was Brundtland Commission?

(A) The world commission on economic growth
(B) The world commission on worldwide neo-liberal reform
(C) The world commission on environment and development

(D) The world commission on trade and development.
27 Where was the sustainable development explained for first time?

A) World Development Report
(B) Brundtland Commission Report
(C) First Earth Summit Report
(D) Human Development Report.
28 Environment includes ……………………………….

(A)Biotic Factors
(B)Abiotic Factors
(C)Both A & B
(D)None of the above
29 Brutland commission in 1987 defined sustainable development as:

(A) A type of development which put the interest of developing countries ahead of the
interest of the rich nations.
(B) Development which meets the needs of present generation without compromising the
ability of the future generation to meet their own needs.
(C) Development that protects the future generation even at the expenses of present
generation.
(D) None of the Above
30 Absorptive Capacity is defined as:

(A) Ability of the environment to absorb degradations
(B) Resourse generation within the assimilating capacity of the environment.
(C) Average number of organisms living in a given environment
(D) The Minimum population surviving in the world as a whole.
In 1997, a UN conference on climate change was held in

31 (A) Japan
(B) India
(C) Germany
(D) China
Which of the following statement is correct?

32 (A) Global warming is entirely a natural phenomenon
(B) Global warming is simply an another term used for green-house effect
(C) Global warming is the rise in average temperature at the earths surface.
(D) Global warming is caused by ozone depletion
Banning the use of chlorofluoro carbon compound and other clorine and bromine
33 compounds is called:
(A) Chipko Movement
(B) Apiko Movement
(C) Montreal Protocol
(D) None of the Above
Which of the following is not used as a strategy for sustainable developement

34 (A) Use of Bio Gas
(B) Use of Solar Power
(C) Use of Thermal Power
(D) Use of Hydel Power
To Check water pollution Following method can be adopted:

35 (A) Commerce
(B) Better engine for cars
(C) Re-use of Industrial Wastes
(D) Use of Non Poluting sources for energy
Identify the Correctly Matched pair from the items in Column A and by matching them
36 with the items in column B
Column A Column B
1.Environmental Degradation a) Soil Erosion
2.Land Polution b) Future Use
3.Sustainable Developement c) Leads to Poverty
4.Air Pollution d) Green House Gases

(A) 1-(a)
(B) 2-(b)
(C) 3-(c)
(D) 4-(d)
37 Identify the Correctly Matched pair from the items in Column A and by matching them
with the items in column B
Column A Column B
1- Sustainable (a). The process where by the real

Development percapita income of the counry increases
over a long period of time
2- Economic (b). Development that means the need of

Developement the present generation without
compromising the ability of the future
generation to meet their own needs.
3- Economic Growth ( c ) Comprehensive concepts including

increasing real percapita income of a
country over a long period of time along
with reduction in poverty, inequality and
unenmployment.
4- Environment (d) The total planetary inheritance and the

totality of all resources.
(A) 1- (a)
(B) 2-(b)
(C) 3- (c)
(D) 4- (d)
With the help of photovoltaic cells, solar energy can be converted in to

38 (A) Plant

(B) Electricity
(C) Both A & B
(D) None of the above
----------- is a clean fuel. It has reduced the household pollution to a large extent.
39 (A) CNG
(B) LPG
(C) Gobar Gas
(D) None of these
40 The government set up the Central Pollution Control Board to control _

(A) noise pollution
(B) air pollution
(C) deforestation
(D) land pollution
41 Sustainable development can be achieved by _
(A) controlling pollution
(B) controlling the growth of population
(C) restricting use of renewable resources
(D) all of these
42 In which of the following layers of the atmosphere is ozone shield found?

(A) Troposphere
(B) Exosphere
(C) Stratosphere
(D) Mesosphere
43 How many industrial categories have been identified as significantly polluting by the CPCB?
(A) 17
(B) 25
(C) 27
(D) 31
44 Factor causing environmental pollution :

(A) Air pollution
(B) Population explosion
(C) Water contamination
(D) All of these
45 ________occurs when the essential nutrients are washed away out of the soil due to heavy
rains and floods.
(A) Soil erosion
(B) Land degradation
(C) Water pollution
(D) None of these.

46 ________development meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their needs.
(A) Economic
(B) Political
(C) Sustainable
(D) None of these.
47 A study of the environment calls for the study of the inter-relationship between----------and --
--------
(A) Air.
(B) Water.
(C) Animals and plants
(D) biotic and abiotic components.
48 Mixture of poisonous gasses, chemicals and elements in drinking water is known as:
(A) Air pollution
(B) Water pollution.
(C) Sound pollution
(D) Land pollution
49 Which diseases are caused by air pollution?

(A) Asthma.
(B) Skin disease
(C) Itching of eyes.
(D) All of these.
50 Reduction in the usage of cooling substances like chlorofluorocarbons in air- conditioners

and refrigerators can reduce-----------
(A) Deforestation
(B) Global warming
(C) Ozone depletion
(D) Soil erosion
51 Montreal Protocol is associated with the banning of the use of:

(A) CFC
(B) Halons
(C) Both (a) and (b)
(D) None of these
52 Which of the following represent Absorptive capacity?

(A) Resource extraction is not above the rate of regeneration of resource.
(B) Ability of the environment to absorb degradation.
(C) Adding harmful substances in the environment.
(D) Total planetary inheritance.
53 A UN Conference on Climate Change, held in --------------, in 1997.

(A) Kyoto, Japan
(B) Tokyo, Japan
(C) Chicago, USA.

(D) London, England
54 Why the ‘Appiko’ Movement started in Karnataka in 1983?

(A) To stop soil pollution.
(B) To stop excessive deforestation.
(C) To stop water pollution.
(D) To stop global warming.
55 Name one tree which can act naturally as a pest control and replace chemical pesticides.
(A) Banyan tree.
(B) Apple tree
(C) Coconut tree
(D) Neem tree
56 Why we should opt for herbal products?

(A) Free from side effects.
(B) Environment friendly.
(C) Do not involve large-scale industrial and chemical processing.
57 What is the full-form of UNCED?

(A) The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.
(B) The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.
(C) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(D) The United Nations
KEY/ANSWER SHEET
Multiple Choice question
Question Answer
Q.1 (D)
Q.2 (C)
Q.3 (D)
Q.4 (B)
Q.5 (B)
Q.6 (B)
Q.7 (C)
Q.8 (B) Present and future generation only
Q.9 (D) Use of thermal power
10 | P a g e 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

Q.10 (C) are exhausted after use
Q.11 (A) Extraction of resources
Q.12 (C) Global warming and ozone depletion
Q.13 (D) Greenhouse gases
Q.14 (D) rational use of natural resources
Q.15 (D) all of the above
Q.16 (B) do not change the land use pattern
Q.17 (A) Chlorine and Bromine
Q.18 (C) poaching
Q.19 (B) Is the rise in the surface temperature on Earth
Q.20 (D) To bring about a gradual and sometimes catastrophic transformation of the
environment
Q.21 (D) all of the above
Q.22 (B) steady state economy
Q.23 (D) All of the above
Q.24 (B) Silent Valley Movement
Q.25 (B) An increase of UVB radiation
Q.26 (C) The world commission on environment and development
Q.27 (B) Brundtland Commission Report
Q.28 (C) – both A & B
Q.29 (C) Development that protects the future generation even at the expenses of present
generation
Q.30 (A) Ability of the environment to absorb degradations
Q.31 (A)- Japan
Q.32 (C) Global warming is the rise in average temperature at the earths surface.
Q.33 (C) Montreal Protocol
Q.34 (C) Use of Thermal Power
Q.35 (C) Re-use of Industrial Wastes
Q.36 (D ) 4-(d)
Q.37 (D) 4- ( d )
Q.38 (B)Electricity
Q.39 (B) LPG
Q.40 (B)
Q.41 (D)
Q.42 (C)
Q.43 (A)
Q.44 (D)
Q.45 (A)
Q.46 (C)
Q.47 (D) biotic and abiotic components.

Q.48 (B) Air pollution
Q.49 (D) All of these
Q.50 (C) Ozone depletion
Q.51 (C) Both (a) and (b)
Q.52 (B) Ability of the environment to absorb degradation
Q.53 (A) Kyoto, Japan
Q.54 (B) To stop excessive deforestation
Q.55 (D) Neem tree
Q.56 (D) All of the above
Q.57 (A) The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
PREPIRED BY : PGT ECONOMICS OF BHUBANESWAR, GUWAHATI,

KOLKATA, RANCHI, SILCHAR AND TINSIKIA REGION.
VETTED BY :KOLKATA REGION

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
:
SI. No. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
1. The concept of sustainable development does not suggest delimiting the process of growth and
development. Sustainable development only suggests a judicious or optimum utilisation of
resources and in a manner such that the pace of economic growth is sustained without challenging
the ability of the future generations to grow and prosper.
(Source : NCERT)
1(a). Statement 1 –Sustainable development means using the resources wisely.
Statement 2 –Sustainable development indicates optimum use of resources.
(A) Both the statements are true.
(B) Both the statements are false.
(C) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false
(D) Statement 2 is true and Statement 1 is false
1(b). According to the given text sustainable development does not limit the process of :)
a) Growth & underdevelopment.
b) Development & underdevelopment.
c) Only development
d) Both growth and development.
2 Environmental degradation owes a great deal to supply-demand reversal of resources over a

period of time prior to industrialisation when the pace of life was slow demand for natural
resources did not exceed their supply.
Due to rapid industrialisation, there has been an exponential growth in demand for natural
resources leading to their overuse as well as misuse and supply of resources has suffered a
reversal.
(Source : NCERT)
2(a). Statement 1 –There is a positive relationship between demand and
supply.

Statement 2 –Now a days the demand for natural resources are less.
(A) Both the statements are true.
(B) Both the statements are false.
(C) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false
(D) Statement 2 is true and Statement 1 is false
2(b). The correct meaning of exponential is:
(A) Becoming less rapid.
(B) Becoming more rapid.
(C) Growing at a slow pace.
3 The heavy rainfall on Wednesday combined with the consecutive lockdowns has significantly
brought down the pollution level in Delhi. Delhi received record amounts of rainfall on
Wednesday in the impact of Cyclone Tauktae.
On Thursday, the air quality index (AQI) in parts of East Delhi hovered below the 100-mark that
falls in 'moderate' category while parts of North, South and West Delhi recorded AQI reading
below 100.
"The consecutive lockdowns, followed by a spell of rain has brought down the pollutants in the
air. The present situation is likely to continue for a couple of days. After that, the pollution level
will rise but due to no civil construction activities and smoke producing chimneys of industries
are also shut due to the lockdown, air quality will not degrade to hazardous levels," said a weather
department official.
During the lockdown last year, the air quality had improved to the ‘good’ category across the
national capital region. With minimal vehicular movement on the roads and the industries and
construction work shut, Delhi residents could breathe fresh air after a long time.
India today, May 20, 2021
3(a) Which of the following led to a drop in the pollution level in Delhi?
(A) Heavy rainfall

(B) Lockdowns
(C) Both of these

(D) None of these
3(b) Which of the following is the main cause of wide-spread air pollution in urban areas?
(A) Scanty rainfall

(B) Lockdowns
(C) Vehicular emissions
(D) None of these
3(c) The use of ………………as fuel in the public transport system may reduce air pollution.
(A) CNG
(B) LPG
(C) Gobar gas
(D) All of these
3(d) Which of the following is not a major cause of Air pollution?
(A) Vehicular emissions

(B) Domestic sewerage
(C) Chemical treatments in industries
(D) Emission of gases
4 Environmental degradation owes a great deal to supply-demand reversal of resources over a

period of time. Prior to industrialization, when the pace of life was slow, demand for natural
resources did not exceed their supply. Man lived as a component of nature, never as its
commander or its exploiter.
As industrialization progressed, there was a surge in human wants. Accordingly, there has been an
exponential growth in demand for natural resources, leading to their overuse as well as misuse.
Supply of resources has suffered a reversal from abundance to paucity. Demand, on the other
hand, has reversed from manageable to unmanageable limits. The pressure on the absorptive
capacity of the environment increased tremendously. Environmental crises occur when carrying
capacity of the environment is challenged through excessive exploitation of natural resources
and/or through excessive generation of wastes.

4(a). Which of the following is/are the main cause/s of supply-demand reversal of resources?
(A) Industrialization
(B) Population explosion
(C) Increased consumerism
(D) All of these
4(b). Due to rapid industrialization, human wants became limited but it led to overuse of
resources. (True/False)
4(c). When the resource extraction is above the rate of regeneration of the resources and wastes
generated are not within the assimilative capacity of the environment which of the following viral
function of the environment fails to perform, which results in an environmental crisis?
(A) It supplies renewable and non-renewable resources
(B) It assimilates waste
(C) It sustains life by providing genetic and biodiversity
(D) It provides aesthetic services like scenery etc
4(d). Environmental crises will occur when …………………
(A) Exploitation of natural resources takes place

(B) Excessive generation of resources.
(C) Carrying capacity is low
(D) Exploitation exceeds regeneration of resources
5 The 17th Goals (Sustainable Development Goal)
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in
2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into
the future. At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an urgent
call for action by all countries - developed and developing - in a global partnership. They
recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that
improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling
climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.
The SDGs build on decades of work by countries and the UN, including the UN Department of
Economic and Social Affairs

In June 1992, at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, more than 178 countries adopted
Agenda 21, a comprehensive plan of action to build a global partnership for sustainable
development to improve human lives and protect the environment. United Nations Commission
on Sustainable Development was established to review on the implementation of Agenda 21 and
the rio Declaration on Environment and Development..
Member States unanimously adopted the Millennium Declaration at the Millennium Summit in
September 2000 at UN Headquarters in New York. The Summit led to the elaboration of eight
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to reduce extreme poverty by 2015.
The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development and the Plan of Implementation,

adopted at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in South Africa in 2002, reaffirmed
the global community's commitments to poverty eradication and the environment, and built on
Agenda 21 and the Millennium Declaration by including more emphasis on multilateral
partnerships.
At the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) in Rio de Janeiro,

Brazil, in June 2012, Member States adopted the outcome document "The Future We Want" in
which they decided, inter alia, to launch a process to develop a set of SDGs to build upon the
MDGs and to establish the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development. The Rio
+20 outcome also contained other measures for implementing sustainable development, including
mandates for future programmes of work in development financing, small island developing
states and more.
In 2013, the General Assembly set up a 30-member Open Working Group to develop a proposal
on the SDGs.
In January 2015, the General Assembly began the negotiation process on the post-2015
development agenda. The process culminated in the subsequent adoption of the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development, with 17 SDGs at its core, at the UN Sustainable Development Summit
in September 2015. 2015 was a landmark year for multilateralism and international policy
shaping, with the adoption of several major agreements:
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (March 2015), Addis Ababa Action Agenda on
Financing for Development (July 2015),
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its 17 SDGs was
adopted at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in New York in September 2015, Paris
Agreement on Climate Change (December 2015).
Now, the annual High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development serves as the central UN
platform for the follow-up and review of the SDGs.

Today, the Division for Sustainable Development Goals (DSDG) in the United Nations
Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) provides substantive support and
capacity-building for the SDGs and their related thematic issues, including water, energy, climate,
oceans, urbanization, transport, science and technology, the Global Sustainable Development
Report (GSDR), partnerships and Small Island Developing States. DSDG plays a key role in the
evaluation of UN system wide implementation of the 2030 Agenda and on advocacy and outreach
activities relating to the SDGs. In order to make the 2030 Agenda a reality, broad ownership of
the SDGs must translate into a strong commitment by all stakeholders to implement the global
goals. DSDG aims to help facilitate this engagement.
5(a) In which year 2030 agenda for sustainable development was adopted?
(A) 2013
(B) 2012
(c) 2015
(D) 2000
5(b) Which of the following options is incorporated as sustainable development parameters?

(A) Gender disparity and diversity
(B) Inter and intra-generational equity
(C) Carrying capacity
(D) All of these
5(c) In which year was the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) started by
the UN General Assembly?
(A) 1992
(B) 2012
(C) 2013
(D) 2015
5(d) Which of the following UN commission is responsible for reviewing progress in the
implementation of Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development?
(A) United Nation Disarmament Commission.
(B) United Nations Statistical Commission.
(C) United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development.
(D) United Nations Commission on Human Rights.

5(e) Which of the following is true about the 1992, Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro?
(A) a comprehensive plan of action to build a global partnership for sustainable development to
improve human lives and protect the environment.
(B) provides substantive support and capacity-building for the SDGs and their related thematic
issues, including water, energy, climate, oceans, etc.
(C) implementing sustainable development, including mandates for future programmes of work in
development financing, small island developing states and more.
6 Earth hottest now and getting hotter
The Earth is on track to be the hottest it has been at any time in the past 11,000 years-a period
spanning the history of human civilization- a study says.
Using fossil samples and other data from 73 sites worldwide, scientists have reconstructed the
history of the planet’s temperature from the end of the last Ice Age, about, 11300 years ago, to
now.
They have determined that the past 10 years have been hotter than 80 per cent of the past 11,300
years.
But virtually all climate models predict Earth’s atmosphere will be hotter in decades to come than
any time since the end of the Ice Age.
“We already knew that, on a global scale, Earth is warmer today than it was over much of the
past 2000 years,” said Oregon State University’s Shaun Marcott, lead author of the study,
published in Science.
“Now we know that it is warmer than most of the past 11,300 years.
“This is of particular interest because (it) spans the entire period of human civilization.
The data shows temperature cooled by 0.80C over the past 5000 years, but have risen again in the
past 100 years, particularly in the northern hemisphere, where land masses are larger.

Climate models project average global temperature will rise 1. 1oC-6.3C by the end of the century,
depending on the level of carbon dioxide emission from human activities. As of mid 2021, the
Earth’s average temperature has risen 1.19oC over the pre-industrial average.
“What is most troubling is that this warming will be significantly greater than at any time during
the past 11,300 years.” Said Peter Clark, a palaeoclimatologist at Iregon State University.
The earth’s position with respect to the sun is the main natural factor affecting temperatures in
that time.
6(a) Which of the following in the natural factor affecting the earth temperature in the past 2000
years?
(A) UV-B rays
(B) Sun
(C) Greenhouse gases
(D) Methane
6(b) The most visually striking evidence of global warming is:

(A) The increased precipitation along the Gulf coast states.
(B) Highly varying temperature fluctuations felt during the winter months
(C) Rapid melting of glacial ice on nearly every continent.
6(c) How has the global average temperature changed since the Industrial Revolution?
(A) Cooler by 1.1o C
(B) Warmer by 0.1o C
(C) Warmer by 1o C
(D) Warmer by almost 2o C
7 In India, air pollution is widespread in urban areas where vehicles are the major contributors and in a few
other areas which have a high concentration of industries and thermal power plants. Vehicular emissions
are of particular concern since these are ground level sources and, thus, have the maximum impact on the
general population. The number of motor vehicles has increased from about 3 lakh in 1951 to 30 crores in
2019. In 2016, personal transport vehicles (two-wheeled vehicles and cars only) constituted about 85 per
cent of the total number of registered vehicles thus contributing significantly to total air pollution load.
India is one of the ten most industrialised nations of the world. But this status has brought with it unwanted

and unanticipated consequences such as unplanned urbanisation, pollution and the risk of accidents. The
CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) has identified seventeen categories of industries (large and
medium scale) as significantly polluting.
7(a) Why Vehicular Polution are of high concern ?

(A)Vehicles crowd the traffics and create difficulties for the public to Move.
(B)Vehicular pollution are ground level sources hence creates greater impact on general
pollution.
(C)Vehicle are not of concern, they are the good means of transportation and has brought
comforts to human life.
(D)All the above
7(b) What is the name of the organization to Monitor and control Polution?
(A)Centre for Pollution Control Board
(B)Central Pollution centre Board
(C)Central Pollution Control Board
(D)Central Polluting Control Board
7(c) India has faced unwanted and unanticipated consequences such as unplanned
urbanisation, pollution and the risk of accidents. What are the reasons behind?
(A)Rising number of personal Vehicles
(B)Thrilling Speed on the roads
(C)Improper Traffic control systems
(D)Heavy Industrialisation in India
8 You may be aware of the Chipko Movement, which aimed at protecting forests in the Himalayas.
In Karnataka, a similar movement took a different name, ‘Appiko’, which means to hug. On 8
September 1983, when the felling of trees was started in Salkani forest in Sirsi district, 160 men,
women and children hugged the trees and forced the woodcutters to leave. They kept vigil in the
forest over the next six weeks. Only after the forest officials assured the volunteers that the trees
will be cut scientifically and in accordance with the working plan of the district, did they leave the
trees. When commercial felling by contractors damaged a large number of natural forests, the idea
of hugging the trees gave the people hope and confidence that they can protect the forests. On that
particular incident, with the felling discontinued, the people saved 12,000 trees. Within months,
this movement spread to many adjoining districts.
8(a).Appiko Movement was a Similar movement to Chipko Movement. Appiko
Movement happened in which state?
A- Maharastra
B- Himalyas

C- Karnataka
D- Jammu and Kashmir
8(b).When the felling of trees was started in Salkani forest in Sirsi district,
…………………….hugged the trees and forced the woodcutters to leave.
A- 160 Women
B- 160 men, women and children
C- 160 Woodcutters
D- 160 Trees were cut
8(c)How many trees the Appiko activists saved?
A- 120
B- 1200
C- 12000
D- 120000
8(d).Name the Movement that started in Himalayas to protect forest.
A- Tehri Dam Movement

B- Appiko Movement
C- Chipko Movement
D- None of the above
9 Read the following hypothetical text and answer the given questions: -
The main factors that contribute to global warming are burning of fossil fuels, deforestation,
animal waste etc. Global warming may cause a rise in sea levels and tropical storms. It may
further involve economic loss and destruction of life, land and other natural and man-made assets.
Ozone depletion refers to the reduction in the amount of ozone in the stratosphere.
It is mainly the result of increasing atmospheric concentrations of Chlorine origination from CFCs
(used as a cooling substance in Air Conditioners and refrigerators), Aerosol Propellants and
Bromofluorocarbons (halons – used in fire extinguishers). Ozone layer prevents the most harmful
ultraviolet rays from passing through the earth’s atmosphere.
9(a) Which of the following is not the cause of global warming ?

(A)burning of fossil fuels.
(B)animal waste
(C)organic farming
(D)deforestation

9(b) Ozone layer prevents from the_________.
9(c) Global warming is mainly the result of________(CFCs/LPG).
9(d) In the atmosphere, Ozone lies in_________.
10 Sustainable development is that process which takes cares of the needs of present generation
without compromising the needs of the future generation.
The main conditions of sustainable development are very important due to economic development
there should not be any degradation of natural resources like water, forest and land.
For sustainable development three types of pollution like air, water and sound should be reduced.
In fact, there is a need to check environmental pollution. In this regard integrations policy is the
need of the hour. In fact, there should be integration between economic development and
environmental policy. Integrated policy can help to raise the rate of economic growth in future by
reducing the rate of environmental pollution in present. Those industries who follow the
environmental norms must be given priority as small-scale industries. Such big industries need to
be given due attention which do not spread pollution.
10(a) Due to economic development, there should not be any degradation of ---------- resources.
(Natural/ Economic)
10(b) For sustainable development three types of pollution like air, water and sound should be -----------
- ( Reduced / Increased )
10(c) Integrated policy (economic development and environmental policy) can help a lot to raise the
rate of economic growth in -------------- by reducing the rate of environmental pollution in present.
(Future/ Present)
10(d) Those industries who follow the environmental norms need to be given----------- (Importance /
Unimportance)
11 Global Warming is caused by man-made increases in carbon-dioxide and other greenhouse gasses
through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Adding carbon-dioxide, methane and such
other gasses (that have potentials to absorb heat) to the atmosphere with no other changes will
make our planet’s surface warmer. The atmospheric concentrations of carbon-dioxide and CH4
have increased by 31 per cent and 149 per cent respectively above pre-industrial levels since
1750. During the past century, the atmospheric temperature has risen by 1.10 F (0.60 C) and the
sea level has risen several inches. Some of the long-term results of global warming are melting of
polar ice with a resulting rise in sea level and coastal flooding; disruption of drinking water
supplies dependent on snowmelts; extinction of species as ecological niches disappears; more
frequent tropical storms; and an increased incidence of tropical diseases.
11(a) Identify the main greenhouse gasses:

(A) Carbon-dioxide
(B) Methane
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above
11(b) ------------ in atmospheric temperature and the resultant increase in the sea level by several inches
is termed as Global Warming. (Fall/Rise)
11(c) In the two consecutive years of 2020 and 2021, India witnessed two of the tropical storms namely
Amphaan and Yash in the Bay of Bengal region. The possible reason for this is---------
(A) Ozone depletion
(B) Global Warming
(C) Population explosion
(D) Environmental pollution
11(d) The atmospheric concentrations of carbon-dioxide and CH4 have increased by ----------- and ------
--- per cent
ANSWER
Case Based Questions
Q.No. Answer
1.a (A)
1.b (D)
2.a (B)
2.b (B)
3.a (C) Both of these
3.b (C) Vehicular emissions
3.c (A) CNG
3.d (B) Domestic sewerage
4.a (D) All of these
4.b False

4.c (C) It sustains life by providing genetic and biodiversity
4.d (D) Exploitation exceeds regeneration of resources
5.a (C) 2015
5.b (D) All of these
5.c (A) 1992
5.d (C) United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development
5.e (A) a comprehensive plan of action to build a global partnership for sustainable
development to improve human lives and protect the environment.
6.a (B) Sun
6.b (C) Rapid melting of glacial ice on nearly every continent.
6.c (C) Warmer by 1o C
7.a B- Vehicular pollution are ground level sources hence creates greater impact on general
pollution.
7.b C- Central Pollution Control Board
7.c D- Heavy Industrialization in India
8.a C- Karnataka
8.b B- 160 men, women and children
8.c C- 12000
8.d C-Chipko Movement
9.a C
9.b Harmful ultraviolet rays
9.c CFCs
9.d Stratosphere
10.a NATURAL
10.b REDUCED
10.c FUTURE
10.d IMPORTANCE
11.a C .Both (A) and (B)
11.b RISE
11.c B. Global Warming
11.d 31 , 149

KOLKATA, RANCHI, SILCHAR AND TINSIKIA REGION .
VETTED BY : KOLKATA REGION

TRUE AND FALSE QUESTIONS
Sl.No. Question
1 Statement 1: Environment includes total planetary inheritance of all resources.
Statement 2: Environment includes both biotic and abiotic factors.

A) Both the statements are true.
B) Both the statements are false.
C) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false
D) Statement 2 is true and Statement 1 is false
2 Statement 1: Biotic factors consist of non living things.

Statement 2: Biotic factors consist of living things.
C) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false .
D) Statement 2 is true and Statement 1 is false.
3 Statement 1: The concept of sustainable development was given by UNCED.
Statement 2:The concept of sustainable development was also given by United Nations

C) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false .
4 Statement 1: Sustainable development increases economic welfare.
Statement 2: Sustainable development encourage Input-efficient technology.

C) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.
5 Sustainable development requires the use of input-efficient technology.
6 Expanding consumption activity is the principal cause of environmental degradation in

India.
7 Multi-purpose River Projects like Damodar Valley Project contributes towards development
of social forestry
8 In recent years, India is taking efforts to increase the power generation through thermal
energy.

9 Renewable resources are those which can be used with the possibility of being Exhausted.
10 Promotion of cleaner fuel, like use of CNG , LPG does help to control air pollution.
11 Depletion of Natural resources and Environmental degradation are the major environmental
issues that the world is facing today.
12 Carbon Dioxide reduction refers to the depletion of the Ozone layer due to presence of
chlorine from manmade chlorofluorocarbons and other forces.
13 Sustainable development is a process of economic development which aims at raising the

quality of life of both present and future generation without threatening the natural
endowment and environment.
14 Fossil Fuels can be used without the possibility of these becoming depleted or exhausted.
(a) True
(b) False
15 India alone accounts for nearly 20 percent of the world’s total iron-ore reserves.
(a) True
(b) False
16 Improper planning and management of irrigation systems are one of the factors responsible
for land degradation.
(a) True
(b) False
17 Sustainable development is synonymous with the conservation of the environment.
(a) True
(b) False
18 Earthworms can convert organic matter into compost faster than the normal composting
process.
(a) True
(b) False
19 Deforestation is one of the major reasons for land erosion.
(True/False)
20 The black soil of the Deccan Plateau is particularly suitable for cultivation of jute.
(True/False)
21 The threat to India’s environment poses a dichotomy--- threat to poverty induced
environmental degradation and threat to pollution from affluence and rapidly growing
industrial sector.
(True/False)
22 Prior to the advent of green revolution, food products were contaminated.
(True/False)

ANSWER
True False Questions

Q.No. Answer
1 A
2 D
3 C
4 A
5 True
6 False
7 False
8 False
9 False: Renewable resources are those which can be used without the possibility of being
exhausted.
10 True: Promotion of cleaner fuel, like use of CNG, LPG does help to control air pollution.
11 True: Depletion of Natural resources and Environmental degradation are the major
environmental issues that the world is facing today.
12 False: Ozone Depletion refers to the reduction of O3 of the Ozone layer due to the presence
of chlorine from manmade chlorofluorocarbons and other forces.
13 True: Sustainable development is a process of economic development which aims at raising
the quality of life of both present and future generation without threatening the natural
endowment and environment.
14 False
15 True
16 True
17 True
18 True
19 TRUE
20 FALSE
21 TRUE
22 FALSE

KOLKATA, RANCHI, SILCHAR AND TINSIKIA REGION .
ASSERTION- REASON QUESTIONS
Sl.No. Question
1 Assertion: The use of CFC is banned throughout the world.
Reason: CFC is the main reason for Ozone depletion.
(A) Both Assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(B) Assertion and Reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) Assertion is true, reason is false.
(D) Assertion is false, reason is true.
2 Assertion: In India land suffers from different types of land degradation
Reason: There are proper methods available in the country to check land degradation.
(A) Both Assertion and reason are true and

reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(B )Assertion and Reason both are true but
reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(D )Assertion is false, reason is true.
3 Assertion: Affluence in living standards is causing land degradation.

Reason: Increase in wealth increases the demand for goods and services.

(B) Assertion and Reason both are true but

assertion.
4 Assertion: One of the main cause of air pollution is vehicular pollution.

Reason: The government should encourage the production of electric vehicles.


assertion.
5 Assertion: Some resources have become extinct.

Reason: Due to their extraction which is above the rate of regeneration.


assertion.
(D )Assertion is false, reason is true.
6 Assertion (A): The environmental degradation in India points to a paradoxical situation in the
country.
Reason (R): It is occurring and expanding owing to its staggering poverty as well as rapid growth
of production activity.
(A) Both Assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(B) Assertion and reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
7 Assertion : Most of the energy needs of India are met through thermal and hydro power plants.
Reason: India is endowed with abundant sunlight which is a rich source of energy.
8 Assertion (A): Global Warming is a gradual but consistent increase in global temperature.
Reason (R): Warming temperature is escalating the melt of polar ice, in turn, implying a rise in
sea level.
9 Assertion (A): ozone depletion refers to reduction in ozone, a protective layer in the
atmosphere.

Reason (R): This occurs owing to the excessive use of cooling substances in air conditioners and
refrigerators.
10 Assertion: Non- renewable resources are scarce in nature.

Reason: Non-renewable resources can be replenished over a period of time.
11 Assertion: A country is extremely rich in natural resources has mainly relied on oil extraction for
revenue generation for several countries. However, the scientist predict that the country may
become poor in the future if other means for generating income are not devised.
Reason: Oil is a non-renewable resource, and it is likely to get exhausted if not used judiciously.
12 Assertion: Sustainable development is a development that meets the basic needs of all,
particularly the poor majority, for employment, food, energy, water, housing, and ensures
growth of agriculture, manufacturing, power and services to meet these needs.
Reason: Development to enhance our current living styles, without concern for posterity, will
deplete resources and degrade environment
13 Assertion: Land in India suffers from varying degrees and types of degradation stemming mainly
from unstable use and inappropriate management practices.
Reason: Indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides
14 Assertion: The rising population of the developing countries and the affluent consumption and
production standards of the developed world have placed a huge stress on the environment.
Reason: Many resources have become extinct and the wastes generated are beyond the
absorptive capacity of the environment

15 Assertion: Indian Govt is investing a lot in generating Solar Energy.
Reason: Solar energy is a clean form of energy and causes minimum harm to the
environment.
16 Assertion: Investors are reluctant to invest in tidal energy projects

Reason: Tidal energy has high cost and low running cost. As a result , a tidal power scheme may
not give returns for years.
17 Assertion: With the advent of Green revolution the country entered in to the use of chemical
pesticides to produce more which led to adverse impact on the environment.
Reason: To meet this challenge better means of pest control should be adopted.
18 Assertion: The shift from traditional practice to now a days modern practices have caused large
scale damage to our environment.
Reason: Traditionally Indian people have been close to their environment. But in recent years
we have been moving away from these Practices.
19 Assertion (A):Promotion of natural resources, conservation, preserving regenerative capacity of

ecological system, reducing environmental degradation, and avoiding the imposition of
environmental risks on future generations would lead to sustainable development.
Reason (R):Sustainable development meets the basic needs of all particularly the poor majority.
For employment, food, energy, water, housing and ensures growth of agriculture,
manufacturing, power and services to meet these needs.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true, and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true
20 Assertion (A):Supply demand reversal of environmental resources is a major global

environmental issue. It refers to a situation of environmental crisis where demand of
environmental resources is much more than their supply.
Reason (R):Prior to industrialisation, urbanization and phenomenal increase in population, the
rate or resource extraction was less than the rate of regeneration of environmental resources.
After industrialization and increase in population, there is heavy pressure on the absorptive
capacity of the environment.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
21 Assertion (A): Industrial and household waste should be managed in a safe manner. We should
aim to reduce, reuse and recycle it, causing no harm to the environment.
Reason (R):Sustainable development meets the need of the present generation without
compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.
(A) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
22 Assertion (A):Fast growing population should be effectively checked especially in a developing

country like India.
Reason (R):Sustainable development meets the need of the present generation without
compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.
A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
C. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
D. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

23 Assertion (A):Global warming is caused by a rise in the level of Green house gases.
Reason (R):Environment provides resources of production.
A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
B) BothAssertion(A)andReason(R)are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
24 Assertion (A): In case of ‘Sustainable Development’, meeting the needs of all are required.
Reason(R): It requires redistributing resources and hence a moral issue.
(D) Assertion is false, reason is true
25. Assertion(A):Soils should be protected from direct onslaught of rains.
Reason(R): Broad-leaved trees help to protect soil from soil erosion.
26. Assertion (A): The opportunity cost of negative environmental impacts are low.
Reason(R): It leads to increase in financial commitments for the government.

ANSWER
Q.No. Answer
1 A
2 C
3 A
4 A
5 A
6 A) Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
7 (B) Assertion and reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
8 (D) Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
9 (A) Both Assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
10 (C) Assertion is true, reason is false.
11 (A) Both Assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
12 (B) Assertion and reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
15 Option (A) is correct
19 (B)
20 (A)
21 (A)
22 (A)
23 (B)
24 A. Both Assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion
25 B. Assertion and reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
26 D. Assertion is false, reason is true

KOLKATA, RANCHI, SILCHAR AND TINSIKIA REGION.

IED CH 9

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CHAPTER –9-SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

2 The main reason for the soil erosion is:

3 Sustainable development can be achieved by:

4 Ozone depletion means:

6 Smoke emitted by the industries cause:

7 Abiotic elements consist of:

8 Sustainable development is that development that satisfies the need of:

1|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

9 Which of the following is not used as a strategy for sustainable development?

10 Non-renewable resources are those resources which

11 Which of the following is not the function of the environment?

13 Global warming is caused by……………….

2|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

14 Which of the following is/are the main feature/s of sustainable development?

15 Opportunity cost of negative environmental impacts

3|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

20 Which of the following is/are not an objective (s) of sustainable development?

21 Following is (are) the element(s) of sustainable agriculture

23 Who among the following was associated with Chipko movement?

25 Which of the following is not a possible adverse effect of global warming?

26 What was Brundtland Commission?

4|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

27 Where was the sustainable development explained for first time?

28 Environment includes ……………………………….

29 Brutland commission in 1987 defined sustainable development as:

30 Absorptive Capacity is defined as:

In 1997, a UN conference on climate change was held in

Which of the following statement is correct?

5|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

Which of the following is not used as a strategy for sustainable developement

To Check water pollution Following method can be adopted:

1.Environmental Degradation a) Soil Erosion

2.Land Polution b) Future Use

3.Sustainable Developement c) Leads to Poverty

4.Air Pollution d) Green House Gases

6|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

1- Sustainable (a). The process where by the real

2- Economic (b). Development that means the need of

3- Economic Growth ( c ) Comprehensive concepts including

4- Environment (d) The total planetary inheritance and the

With the help of photovoltaic cells, solar energy can be converted in to

7|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

40 The government set up the Central Pollution Control Board to control _

42 In which of the following layers of the atmosphere is ozone shield found?

44 Factor causing environmental pollution :

8|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

49 Which diseases are caused by air pollution?

50 Reduction in the usage of cooling substances like chlorofluorocarbons in air- conditioners

51 Montreal Protocol is associated with the banning of the use of:

52 Which of the following represent Absorptive capacity?

53 A UN Conference on Climate Change, held in --------------, in 1997.

9|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

54 Why the ‘Appiko’ Movement started in Karnataka in 1983?

56 Why we should opt for herbal products?

57 What is the full-form of UNCED?

10 | P a g e 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

11 | P a g e 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

PREPIRED BY : PGT ECONOMICS OF BHUBANESWAR, GUWAHATI,

12 | P a g e 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR

1(a). Statement 1 –Sustainable development means using the resources wisely.

Statement 2 –Sustainable development indicates optimum use of resources.

(A) Both the statements are true.