Transmission control protocol assignment

1 TCP connection establishment and connection termination

Data transmission have been done between these Establishment and Termination. TCP provides reliability and
security via acknowledgement to each packet including control packets and re transmitting errored packets. To
facilitate this mechanism fluently TCP uses Sequence number for every packets and acknowledgement. Although
TCP have its own mechanism for sequence number. To analysis this mechanism, attempt the following exercise.

1.1 Connection establishment

Whenever any device in wired network wants to communicate, Connection will be establish using three way
handshaking as shown in figure 1. Mechanism of three way handshaking consider fix set of flags for all devices,

Figure 1: Connection Establishment: Three way handshaking

who are going to participate in communication.

1. Device A, who wants to start communication, sends SYN flag to Device B.

2. Device B sends SYN flag with an acknowledgement within a single packet to Device A.

3. At last, Device A acknowledged by sending ACK to Device B.

1.2 Connection Termination

After Successful data transmission, Connection will be terminate by all device as shown in figure 2.

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 Figure 2: Connection Termination of TCP

1.3 Experiment

Figure 3: Topology of Network

1. Establish topology shown in figure 3, with two wired node, one router with HTTP application from Node
2 (wired node B) to node 1 (wired node A).

2. Run simulation for 10 second.

3. Open packet trace file

1.4 Questions
1. Which node is initiating the connection?

2. What is the sequence number of the 1st Syn control packet and its acknowledgement?

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 3. Draw the Diagram of Connection establishment as shown in figure 1 with all three devices (both node
and router) with sequence number and acknowledgement number of each packet. (Hint: you can draw in
your book and upload the picture)

4. How many sessions is there in the experiment to finish total data transmission?

5. How many bytes are transferred in 1st session?

6. How can you identify the ACK sent after 1st FIN request raised is ACK for data and not for the FIN
request?

7. Draw Connection termination diagram including all three devices with Seq no and Ack no.

8. Why TCP uses 4 way finishing for connection termination instead of 3way like connection establishment?

9. The data transfer initiated by from node 1 to node 2. If SYN packet have sequence number 5460 sent
from node 1, there were 5000 bytes of total data transmitted through network in one session, maximum
segment size were 1500 bytes then what will be the sequence number of last packet and FIN packet sent
from Node 1?

10. Go to application property, change it from HTTP to EMAIL. Which node is initiating the connection
establishment.

2 Tutorial
1. A TCP connection is made. In TCP header imaginary the window size in is reduced by one forth and
acknowledgement number is incremented by one forth. The round-trip time of this connection is 660
milliseconds. Let A be the minimum window size, and B be the value of bandwidth in bits/second. Then
find A and B (round off to nearest integer).

2. Case 1: If congestion window size=100MSS, rwnd=16MSS and RTT=1ms. Then how much time it will
take to send a full window?
case2: If congestion window size=16MSS, rwnd=100MSS and RTT=1ms. Then how much time it will
take to send a full window?
How do decide the initial threshold value when there is ”congestion” or ”no congestion” in the underlying
network?

3. I have a 1000 Base-T Ethernet link from DAIICT, Gandhinagar to Ahmedabad with a round trip latency
of 9 ms. If I try to transfer a large file of 1 TB from a server in DAIICT to a server in Ahmadabad using
FTP, what is the best throughput I can expect?

4. The main server room of DAIICT has a teleconferencing system that uses VOIP (voice over IP) technology.
This system uses UDP as the transport for the data transmissions. If these UDP datagrams arrive at
their destination out of sequence, what will happen? Give your explaination with right option.

(a) UDP will send an ICMP Information Request to the source host.
(b) UDP will pass the information in the datagrams up to the next OSI layer in the order that they
arrive.
(c) UDP will drop the datagrams.
(d) UDP will use the sequence numbers in the datagram headers to reassemble the data in the correct
order.
(e) UDP will not acknowledge the datagrams and wait for a retransmission of the datagrams.

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5. Tony stark’s home network connection can upload at 125,000 bytes/second. His router has a 100,000 byte
first in first out buffer for packets awaiting transmission. If the buffer is completely full, how long will it
take for the buffer to clear?

• 0.4 seconds
• 0.6 seconds
• 0.8 seconds
• 1 second
• 1.25 seconds

6. Consider sending a large file using TCP over a connection with no loss. Assuming we start with a CWND
of 6 MSS, how many RTTs would it take to increase to 12 MSS using AIMD?

7. Consider two TCP flows over the following two links. Neither flow ever saturates its link. Both have the
same MSS and packet loss probability. What is the ratio of their link utilizations?

• Link X=700 Mbps, RTT = 10ms

• Link Y=2.4 Gbps, RTT = 1000ms