TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1

MARINE RESOURCES LANDING

LECTURER: KENNEDY AARON AGUOL

GROUP MEMBERS

MATRIC NO. NAME

BB22110088 LAU LIH ZHANG

BI22110255 LING HOW CHAI

BB22110287 LAU SWEE JUN

BA22110189 GOH YAN YI

BB22161112 HAZIM HAMIZAN BIN KADIR

BC22110066 NORHATIRAH BINTI MARJIK

CONTENTS

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 TITLE PAGE

CONTENTS I - II

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-2

1.1 FIGURE OF KOTA KINABALU FISH MARKET

2.0 HISTORY OF KOTA KINABALU FISH MARKET 2

3.0 BUSINESS AND MARINE LIFE RESOURCES 3

3.1 FIRST RESPONDENT 3-4

3.1.1 FIGURE OF ONE OF THE MARINE RESOURCES OF MDM LING

TABLE OF ESTIMATED INCOME, MDM. LING

3.2 SECOND RESPONDENT 5-6

3.2.1 FIGURE OF SECOND RESPONDENT, UNCLE LEE

TABLE OF ESTIMATED INCOME, UNCLE LEE

3.3 THIRD RESPONDENT 6-7

3.3.1 FIGURE OF ONE OF THE MARINE RESOURCES OF UNCLE LI

TABLE OF ESTIMATED INCOME, UNCLE LI

3.4 FOURTH RESPONDENT 8-9

3.4.1 FIGURE OF ONE OF THE MARINE RESOURCES OF MR. AZWAF’S

STALL OWNER

TABLE OF ESTIMATED INCOME, MR. AZWAF’S STALL OWNER

3.5 FIFTH RESPONDENT 9 - 10

3.5.1 FIGURE OF ONE OF THE MARINE RESOURCES OF MRS.

BASHASHA

TABLE OF ESTIMATED INCOME, MRS. BASHASHA

4.0 CONCLUSION 11 - 12

REFERENCE 13

APPENDIX 14

DETAILED AVERAGE PRODUCTS SOLD BY MDM. LING

DETAILED AVERAGE PRODUCTS SOLD BY UNCLE LEE

DETAILED AVERAGE PRODUCTS SOLD BY UNCLE LI

II
DETAILED AVERAGE PRODUCTS SOLD BY MR. AZWAF’S STALL
OWNER
1.0 INTRODUCTION

The ocean has provided several advantages to humans. Important natural resources like
fossil fuels, ocean water used to make salt, and food supplies like fish and shrimp may all be
found in the ocean. Additionally, moving people and things from one location to another is
made possible by the water. Since the beginning of time, humans have relied heavily on
water as a source of food and supplies. Therefore, since the ocean provides us with a
variety of essential resources, we should take good care of it by not dumping trash and
harmful waste into it.

Fishing is the process of growing or gathering marine life, such as fish. Fishing is the
capture of fish in the ocean or the aquaculture-based production of fish. Since the beginning
of time, fishermen have used a variety of techniques, including hand capturing, spearing,
netting, and trapping. As ocean resources have a high commercial value today, fishing has
developed into a profession that may pay well. Fishing operations have several indirect
economic benefits for the nation, including the export of ocean resources.

Figure 1.1 : Kota Kinabalu Fish Market

KK Fish Market is a place that supplies seafood to the community. KK Fish Market is
in Kota Kinabalu City Area along Jalan Tun Fuad Stephen where located next to the sea.
This market consists of several types of marine resource stalls such as fish stalls, shrimp
types stall and so on. The Fish Market has become one of the tourist attractions in Kota
Kinabalu because sea products are sold at very reasonable prices and have a variety of sea

1
products such as fish, prawns, squid, and clams. Most people regardless of locals or
foreigners are fond of seafood. This means that the Fish Market will always be a crowded
place in Kota Kinabalu because we can buy cheap seafood at the Fish Market.

2.0 HISTORY OF KOTA KINABALU FISH MARKET

The KK Fish Market or Filipino Fish Market, is located in a major market in the heart of
Sabah capital which is called KK Central Market or “Pasar Besar Kota Kinabalu”. This place is
where most tourists can get an up-close glimpse into life of the locals as they go about their
days. For your information, before it was known as KK Fish Market, the place was called
Filipino Market because it was originally a transit center for refugees from the Philippines.
Since then, they started doing business in this market and that's where the name Filipino
Market came from. KK Fish Market was opened in the early 70s during the era of the
BERJAYA government. At that time this place was situated near Kampung Air. This market
was relocated to the back of the Bank Negara structure, close to the Sinsuran Complex, in
1978. Early in the 1980s, the market was once more relocated to the UNHCR building. When
the war in the southern Philippines broke out in the 1970s, Filipino refugees fled to Sabah
and temporarily settled in this structure and stayed still until now.

In addition, the fish market is the place where the foreigners will really die for as the
fresh seafood that being sold is cheap and providing affordable prices. There are dozens of
stalls which selling various type of marine resources from what we actually familiar with until
some marine resources which we do not see quite often like big sea conch, mantis prawns
and so on (Lene, 2018). The busiest time in this market is around 4 or 5 o’clock in the
morning as the fishermen land their marine resources that had been caught freshly for
trading. The fish mongers in the market mainly Malay and they sell their resources in a quiet
way relatively (Cold Leaf, 2017). Furthermore, fishermen in the Kota Kinabalu district to
choose KK Fish Market as their destination center to earn a living because the reputation of
Sabah is a state rich in seafood resources, especially in the east of Sabah.

2
3.0 BUSINESS AND MARINE LIFE RESOURCES

In this research, we had gone to the Kota Kinabalu Fish Market to get information regarding
the marine resources being sold. The method we used to for the research is mainly by
interviewing respondents. From our observation, there are more than 30 fish vendors selling
their marine resources and we had interviewed 5 of them. We asked about the types of
marine resources being sold, the kilo age of the tonnage of marine resources sold and the
rough income in a day or a week. The way the interview session is done was by ‘on the
spot’ concept. We select a few fish vendors and directly went to them and ask for their little
time for a brief interview. The interview was directly on the spot and an unofficial kind of
method.

3.1 FIRST RESPONDENT

Figure 3.1.1 : One of the Marine Resources of Mdm. Ling

Our first respondent is Mdm. Ling. She has been in this industry for more than 36 years. The
types of marine resources she usually sells are fishes, crabs and prawns. She got these
marine resources from Kota Kinabalu Fish Market where many vendors bought their marine
resources from then sold their fishes all as wholesale which means the fish vendors in the
fish market bought them in a much lower price and then selling them again to make profit
for their living.

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 In a whole, Mdm. Ling had roughly sold 93 kilograms of marine resources in a day
and the amount of income she gets from them is roughly RM900 to RM1000. The net
income that Mdm. Ling gets daily is around RM965 which is the 10% of the rough income
daily. Meanwhile in a week, the average weight sold is around 639 kilograms and the net
income is RM820.50. Monthly average weight sold and net income gained is 2,755 kilograms
and RM3,615 respectively. To get the annual weight of marine resources sold, the net
income that gained the rough income and also the weight sold daily need to be multiplied by
365 which is the total days of a year. The result shows that 33,753 kilograms of marine
resources’ weight will be sold and RM43,762 of net income will be gained by Mdm. Ling
annually.

Even though the numbers are there, Mdm. Ling stressed that the numbers are not
fixed. This is because sometimes she sells less but sometimes more. For example, she says
that when it comes to wet season or rainy day, she usually earns less. During monsoon
season, she will get less marine resources because fishermen cannot go for fishing as the
waves on the sea will make the boats capsized then the fishermen will meet the difficulty to
catch the marine resources. This will affect the amount of marine resources that had been
caught became less than usual then make the price of her marine species much higher thus
affecting the amount of income. Detailed statistic of Mdm. Ling's products sold is in the
appendix. 

Average

Daily Weekly Monthly Annually

Weight Rough Net Income Weight Net Weight Net Weight Net
Sold Income (RM) Sold Income Sold Income Sold Income
(kg) (RM) (kg) (RM) (kg) (RM) (kg) (RM)
(Rough
Income*10%)

93 965 120.5 639 820.5 2,755 3,615 33,753 43,762

Table 3.1.1 : Estimated Income, Mdm. Ling

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3.2 SECOND RESPONDENT

Figure 3.2.1 : Second Respondent, Uncle Lee

Our next respondent is Uncle Lee, a 70-year-old man. Uncle Lee said he has been in this
business at least 50 years. He said, he usually sells a few types of fish such as Grouper,
Northern snakehead and so on. He receives the orders from customers in usually. He helps
in delivery, cutting and slicing the fishes. Uncle Lee also said that he manages to sell around
77 kilograms of his marine resources daily on average and the best sales is Grouper. He
added on that he gets more fish resources in March and April compare to other months. The
amount of income he gets from it is roughly around RM545.

He mentioned that sometimes he would get more profits during the festivals or
celebrations because people will come to Fish Market to buy the marine resources they want
before any celebration. According to him, it is very important to keep on promoting his
marine resources during these crucial events because there are many fish vendors around.
Everyone is competing with each other to gain the attention of customers who come. Uncle
Lee added that the place will be crowded thus making the customers hasten their time
there. Not only crowded, the place is also slippery. This will be the reason of him to get the
customers’ attention the whole time.

Uncle Lee made some words that the average net income he gets per day is
RM93.50. It is 10% of the rough income he gets when selling his fish. Through his daily
average weight sold, rough income and net income, Uncle Lee had sold 522 kilograms of
marine resources and gained RM635.50 weekly. Where as in a month, he would get

5
RM2,715 and sold 2,289 kilograms of his marine resources. Lastly in a year, he would sold
28,095 kilograms of his marine products and gained RM34,088 in average. Detailed statistic
of Uncle Lee’s products sold is in the appendix.

Average

Daily Weekly Monthly Annually

Weight Rough Net Income Weight Net Weight Net Weight Net
Sold Income (RM) Sold Income Sold Income Sold Income
(kg) (RM) (kg) (RM) (kg) (RM) (kg) (RM)
(Rough
Income*10%)

77 545 93.5 522 635.5 2289 2715 28095 34088

Table 3.2.1: Estimated Income, Uncle Lee

3.3 THIRD RESPONDENT

Figure 3.3.1 : One of the Marine Resources of Uncle Li

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Next, our third interviewee is Uncle Li. He is 58 years old and he has been in his business for
44 years already. From our observation and words by Uncle Li, the marine products he
usually sells is grouper, snapper and topmouth culter. From our observation, Uncle Li had
separated his marine resources into different plastic bags and set the price for them. He also
added that the most popular product that people buy is snapper. Uncle Li said that he would
roughly get up to RM565 per day in average. The amount of weight that his marine
resources had been sold is around 80 kilograms per day. In a week, he can sell up to 560
kilograms and get net income around RM395.50. While in monthly statistic, based on the
average daily weight sold, rough and net income, Uncle Li can sell and gain 2,400 kilograms
and RM1,695 respectively. Lastly, his annual net income is estimated to reach up to
RM20,622.50 with 29,200 kilograms of his marine resources sold.

Other than that, he also added and stressed like the other interviewees about his
income which is not stable and always changing depending on the weather, festivals and
other reasons. He said like other fish vendors, the price and income he can get is affected
by the monsoon season, celebration and stuff then the sales will increase when celebration
day. During the monsoon season, the sea will get stormy so it is hard to carry out any
fisheries from the sea. So this will cause his marine resources’ prices to rise thus the amount
of income increases. Detailed statistic of Uncle Li’s products sold is in the appendix. 

Average

Daily Weekly Monthly Annually

Weight Rough Net Income Weight Net Weight Net Weight Net
Sold Income (RM) Sold Income Sold Income Sold Income
(kg) (RM) (kg) (RM) (kg) (RM) (kg) (RM)
(Rough
Income*10%)

80 565 56.5 560 395.5 2,400 1,695 29,200 20,622.5

Table 3.3.1 : Estimated Income, Uncle Li

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3.4 FOURTH RESPONDENT

Figure 3.4.1 : One of the Marine Resources of Mr. Azwaf’s Stall Owner

After that, Mr. Azwaf, aged 19 years old only, who works under his stall’s owner in the fish
market, is the next interviewee we manage to get. He is the only worker who helps with his
stall’s owner and he gets his salary around RM800 per month. Although he is just a worker,
he managed to give some useful information to us. From his words, the fishermen would
just catch and sell the marine resources to them. The marine resources that the owner
bought from them are prawns, Spanish mackerels, small snapper, topmouth culter,
rastrelliger and pomfret. Among these marine resources, the most popular marine resource
that had been sold to customers is prawns which priced RM35/kg, next will be Spanish
mackerels with price RM40/kg following by small snapper (RM10/kg), rastrelliger (RM8/kg),
pomfret (RM12/kg) and topmouth culter (RM25/kg).

However, the prices of these marine resources will change constantly due to many
circumstances like wet season and so on. These resources are sold roughly around 20kg to
30kg per day and usually get higher sales on weekends because the number of customers
have been added on due to their free time on weekends. Monthly, the income of the stall’s
owner is around RM1000 or even more. The daily net income will be around RM275 while
weekly will be around RM1915 and annually will be RM99,875 roughly. According to Mr.
Azwaf again, some factors like monsoon season, festivals and so on will make a different
market price of the marine resources. For instance, the price will increase due to the
shortage of supply during wet season. Meanwhile during festival seasons like Chinese New

8
Year, the income will increase up to RM5600 per week as the sales are rose. Detailed
statistic of Mr. Azwaf’s stall owner’s marine resources that are sold is in the appendix.

Average
Daily net income Weekly net income Annual net income
(RM.) (RM.) (RM.)
275 1,915 99,875

Table 3.4.1 : Estimated Income, Mr. Azwaf’s Stall Owner

3.5 FIFTH RESPONDENT

Figure 3.5.1 : One of the Marine Resources of Mrs. Bashasha

Last but not least, our last interviewee identified herself as Mrs. Bashasha, 28-year-old
experienced businesswoman. According to her, she has been in this field, the field of
business, for 8 years. There are many types of marine products that she sold, for instance
like crabs, prawns, Spanish mackerels, toli shad, fourfinger threadfin, cuttlefish and squids
to name a few. Mrs. Bashasha mentions that the resources which are popular among the
customers are crabs and prawns. The price of crabs can be RM28/kg for small size, RM32/kg

9
for medium size and RM38/kg for the biggest size. For the prawns, the price can be
RM35/kg for the smallest size, RM55/kg for medium size and RM95/kg for the biggest size.

Furthermore, she sells Spanish mackerels for RM35/kg, toli shad for RM45/kg,
fourfinger threadfin for RM68/kg. Other than those popular resources, she also sells squids
and cuttlefish for RM18/300g and RM12/300g. She added that, most of the sources of her
income came from locals. Mrs. Bashasha said that the sources supply for her marine
products mostly came from markets in Kota Kinabalu and Tawau. She will also get the
supply from markets in Kudat but the amount of supply is nowhere near the amount of
supply that she can get from both Kota Kinabalu and Tawau. Same as the previous
interviewee, Mrs. Bashasha also said that the price for the marine products that she is
selling will fluctuate due to certain circumstances such as the weather and the breeding
season of the marine species. On average, her weekly net income is about RM3,990 but
during festive season, the amount will hike to RM5,000. Detailed statistic of Mrs. Bashasha’s
products sold is in the appendix.

Average
Daily net income Weekly net income Annual net income
(RM.) (RM.) (RM.)
570 3,990 20,805

Table 3.5.1 : Estimated Income, Mrs. Bashasha

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4.0 CONCLUSION

On the whole, the fish market that is close to the Kota Kinabalu Market is a very strategic
place to conduct marine resources business. The market is visited by many visitors from the
surrounding areas as well as visitors from a far. The position of the market which is close to
the sea area makes it easier for traders there to get fish and seafood resources because the
market is close to the SAFMA Jetty where fishermen from inside and outside Sabah dock
their seafood resources and sell them there. The market has also been visited by immigrants
from the neighboring country which is Philippines who make the place to become more
crowded. As most of the people there are Philippines, there is a new name for the market
which is Filipino Market and the name has attracted many visitors.

While conducting to the research, we found that there are more than 30 fish sellers
who do business in that area but we only chose 5 fish vendors to be interviewed. While
conducting to an interview session with them, we had asked about their business and the
types of marine resources they sold. We find out that most of them buy products which sold
wholesale in SAFMA and will be resold at an appropriate price for profit. There are many
types of marine resources that they sold such as prawns, basung, tunafish, crabs of several
types and one of them are nipah crabs and many other marine resources that they sold.
This is because the prices and types of resources sold by them are vary then the results
they get are also different. Marine life is of the great importance to humans, not only as
protein food for humans but also a source of income for most humans. In this regard,
something should be thought about the present world taking over wildlife places on a whim.

There are many types of pollution that pollute the habitats of marine life today such
as garbage dumping in the marine area, toxic oil disposal, coastal settlements and so on.
There are still many unscrupulous societies dumping garbage and toxic oil. Apart from that,
the development of settlements in the coastal areas is also becoming more and more
common where the settlement causes the area to be contaminated by their rubbish which
eventually the rubbish will drift to the bottom of the sea. The waste that we can dispose of
by recycling waste like plastics, aluminium tins, papers and so on is one of the best ways to
reduce the problems of waste disposal. When our rubbish is disposed of by burning it, then
another pollution will occur, which is the air pollution that exists from the burning
smoke.Therefore, we need to think smarter to address the problems that are putting marine
life at risk.

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 Therefore, we should be aware of each other's responsibilities and roles. As an
individual we can reduce every use of plastic bags and use storage bags brought from
home. In addition, settlements in the coastal areas should be reduced as the wider the
settlement the higher the risk of contamination. The authorities need to play a role in
addressing the problem of these coastal settlements. Marine life is not important to some
communities but important to all human beings and therefore it is very important that we
take care of the life of marine resources.

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 REFERENCE

1. Cold Leaf (2017, July 15). Sabah Malaysia, The Seafood Sold Here Compared To Sanya Is
Like ‘Cabbage Price’. From https://www.sohu.com/a/157312513_111749

2. Lene (2018, October 31). Sabah Land Below The Wind Trip (VIII). Filipino Market Kota
Kinabalu. From https://aromasian.com/best-borneo-seafood-bargain-market-filipino-market-
kota-kinabalu/

3. Mdm. Ling (2022, November 14). Personal Interview

4. Uncle Lee (2022, November 14). Personal Interview

5. Uncle Li (2022, November 14). Personal Interview

6. Mr. Azwaf (2022, November 14). Personal Interview

7. Mrs. Bashasha (2022, November 14). Personal Interview

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 APPENDIX

1. Detailed Average Products Sold By Mdm. Ling

Type of Average
Products
Weight Weight Sold Total Weight of Total Weight of
Sold / Month Annually (kg) Products Sold / Products Sold
(kg) Month (kg)  Annually (kg) 

Type of Market Average

Products Price (RM
Rough Total Rough Total Net Income of Products Sold
/ kg)
Income / Income of Annually (RM) (total rough income
Month Products Sold / monthly*10%)*12months
(RM) Month (RM)

2. Detailed Average Products Sold By Uncle Lee

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 Type of Average
Products
Weight Weight Sold Total Weight of Total Weight of
Sold / Month Annually (kg) Products Sold / Products Sold
(kg) Month (kg)  Annually (kg) 

Grouper 700 8,400

Northen 650 7,800 1,350 16,200

Snakehead

Type of Market Average

Products Price
Rough Total Rough Total Net Income of Products Sold
(RM /
Income / Income of Annually (RM) (total rough income
kg)
Month Products Sold / monthly*10%)*12months
(RM) Month (RM)

Grouper 25.00 17,500

Northen 30.00 19,500 37,000 44,400

Snakehead

3. Detailed Average Products Sold By Uncle Li 

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 Type of Average
Products
Weight Weight Sold Total Weight of Total Weight of
Sold / Month Annually (kg) Products Sold / Products Sold
(kg) Month (kg)  Annually (kg) 

Grouper 750 9,000

Snapper 950 11,400 2,400 28,800

Topmouth 700 8,400

Culter

Type of Market Average

Products Price (RM
Rough Total Rough Total Net Income of Products Sold
/ kg)
Income / Income of Annually (RM) (total rough income
Month Products Sold / monthly*10%)*12months
(RM) Month (RM)

Grouper 25.00 18,750

Snapper 15.00 14,250 40,000 20,622.50

Topmouth 10.00 7,000

Culter

4. Detailed Average Products Sold By Mr. Azwaf’s Stall Owner

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 Type of Average
Products
Weight Weight Sold Total Weight of Total Weight of
Sold / Month Annually (kg) Products Sold / Products Sold
(kg) Month (kg)  Annually (kg) 

Prawn 645 8,500

Spanish 420 6,357

Mackerels

Small 400 5,010

Snapper
2,048 28,550
Topmouth 116 2,100
Culter

Rastrelliger 279 3,600

Pomfret 188 2,983

Type of Market Average

Products Price (RM
Rough Total Rough Total Net Income of Products Sold
/ kg)
Income / Income of Annually (RM) (total rough income
Month Products Sold / monthly*10%)*12months
(RM) Month (RM)

Prawn 35.00 22,575

Spanish 40.00 16,800

Mackerels

Small 10.00 4,000

Snapper
50,763 60,915.60
Topmouth 25.00 2,900
Culter

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 Rastrellige 8.00 2,232
r

Pomfret 12.00 2,256

5. Detailed Average Products Sold By Mrs. Bashasha

Type of Average
Products
Weight Weight Sold Total Weight of Total Weight of
Sold / Month Annually (kg) Products Sold / Products Sold
(kg) Month (kg)  Annually (kg) 

Crab 680 8,160

Prawn 645 7,740

Spanish 375 4,500

Mackerels

Fourfinger 380 4,560 2680 32,160

Threadfin

Toli Shad 260 3,120

Cuttlefish 160 1,920

Squid 180 2,160

Type of Market Average

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Products Price (RM Rough Total Rough Total Net Income of Products Sold
/ kg) Income / Income of Annually (RM) (total rough income
Month Products Sold / monthly*10%)*12months
(RM) Month (RM)

Crab 32.00 21,760

Prawn 50.00 32,250

Spanish 35.00 13,125

Mackerels

Fourfinger 68.00 25,840 109,835 1,318,020

Threadfin

Toli Shad 45.00 11,700

Cuttlefish 12.00 1,920

Squid 18.00 3,240

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