Maths 2021

Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 1
CHAPTER 1
Real Numbers
Express ^ 154 + 405 h as a decimal fraction without actual

ONE MARK QUESTIONS 4.
division.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
1. What is the sum of exponents of prime factors in the 15 + 5 = 15 25 + 5 × 25
prime-factorisation of 196 ? We have
4 40 4 # 25 40 25
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
= 375 + 125
100 1000
Prime factors of 196,
= 3.75 + 0.125 = 3.875
196 = 4 # 49
= 22 # 72 5. Express the number 0.3178 in the form of rational
The sum of exponents of prime factor is 2 + 2 = 4 . number a .
b
PRACTICE
Let x = 0.3178
 What is the sum of exponents of prime factors in
the prime-factorisation of 1764 ? x = 0.3178178178
[Board 2013 OD] 10, 000x = 3178.178178...
Ans : 6
10x = 3.178178....
Subtracting, 9990x = 3175
Find the HCF and the LCM of 12, 21 and 15.
x = 3175 = 635
2.
or,
9990 1998
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
Find the decimal representation of 11 .

We have 12 = 2 # 2 # 3 6.
23 # 5
21 = 3 # 7 Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
15 = 3 # 5 We have 11 = 11
23 # 5 23 # 51
HCF(12, 21, 15) = 3
Denominator of 2 11# 5 is of the form 2m # 5n , where m
3
LCM (12, 21, 15) = 2 # 2 # 3 # 5 # 7 = 420 and n are non- negative integers. Hence, 2 11# 5 has 3
terminating decimal expansion.

PRACTICE
Now 11 = 11 52
 Find the HCF and the LCM of 36, 63, 90. 3 3 # 2
2 #5 2 #5 5
[Board 2014 Foreign] 2
Ans : 9 and 1260 = 113 # 53 = 11 #3 25

2 #5 10
= 0.275
3. Explain why 13233343563715 is a composite number? So , it will terminate after 3 decimal places.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] PRACTICE

The number 13233343563715 ends in 5. 11 .
Hence it is a multiple of 5. Therefore it is a  Find the decimal representation of
23 # 5
composite number. [Board 2015 OD]
Ans :
Page 2 Real Numbers Chap 1
7. Find the LCM of smallest two digit composite number LCM = 2 4 # 32 # 5 = 720
and smallest composite number.
PRACTICE
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Smallest two digit composite number is 10  Find HCF of 144 and 198.
and smallest composite number is 4. [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Ans : 18
LCM (10, 4) = 20
8. Express 225 in prime factorization.

23
11. The decimal expansion of 2 # 5
will terminate after
5 2
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

how many places of decimal?
By prime factorization of 225, we have
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
225 = 3 # 3 # 5 # 5
23 23 # 53
5 2 = 5
= 32 # 52 or 52 # 32 2 #5 2 # 52 # 53
PRACTICE = 235# 125 = 28755

2 # 55 (10)
 Express 420 in prime factorization.
= 2875 = 0.02875
[Board 2009] 100000
Ans : 22 # 3 # 5 # 7
Hence, 5 23 2 will terminate after 5 five decimal
2 #5
places.
9. HCF of two numbers is 27 and their LCM is 162. PRACTICE
If one of the numbers is 54, then what is the other
number ?  The decimal expansion of the rational number
14587
1250 will terminate after how many places of
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic] decimal?
Let y be the second number. Since, product of two [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
numbers is equal to product of LCM and HCM, Ans : 11.6696, after 4 place
54 # y = LCM # HCF
54 # y = 162 # 27 6
 The decimal representation of 1250 will terminate
y = 162 # 27 = 81 after how many places of decimal?
54 [Board 2009]
PRACTICE Ans : 0.0048, 4

 1. The L.C.M. of x and 18 is 36.
2. The H.C.F. of x and 18 is 2.
12. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3 y2
What is the number x ? and b = xy3 , where x , y are prime numbers, then find
[Board 2006, 2014 Foreign]
HCF â, b h .
Ans : 4
Sol : [Board Term -1 2014]
3 2
We have a = x y = x#x#x#y#y
10. Find the HCF and LCM of 90 and 144 by the method b = xy3 = x # y # y # y
of prime factorization.
HCF(a , b ) = HCF ^x3 y2, xy3h
= x # y # y = xy2
We have 90 = 9 # 10 = 9 # 2 # 5
HCF is the product of the smallest power of each
= 2 # 32 # 5 common prime factor involved in the numbers.
and 144 = 16 # 9
PRACTICE
= 2 4 # 32
 If two positive integers p and q can be expressed
HCF = 2 # 32 = 18 as p = ab2 and q = a3 b ; where a , b being prime
numbers, then what is the LCM of ^p, q h ? 16. If HCF(336, 54) = 6 , find LCM(336, 54).
[Board Term -1 2014]
Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
Ans : a3 b2
HCF # LCM = Product of number
6 # LCM = 336 # 54
What are the values of x and y in the given figure ?
LCM = 336 # 54
13.
6
= 56 # 54 = 3024
Thus LCM of 336 and 54 is 3024.
17. a and b are two positive integers such that the least
prime factor of a is 3 and the least prime factor of b
is 5. Then calculate the least prime factor of (a + b).
Here a and b are two positive integers such

Sol : [Board Term -1 2012] that the least prime factor of a is 3 and the
We have 1001 = x # 143 & x = 7 least prime factor of b is 5. The least prime
factor of (a + b) would be 2.
143 = y # 11 & y = 13
Hence x = 7 , y = 13 18. What is the HCF of the smallest composite number
and the smallest prime number?
14. If x = 0.7 , then find 2x . Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2018]
Sol : [Board 2006] The smallest prime number is 2 and the
We have x = 0.7 smallest composite number is 4 = 22 .
Hence, required HCF is (22, 2) = 2 .
10x = 7.7
Subtracting, 9x = 7 19. Calculate the HCF of 33 ×5 and 32 ×52 .
Sol :
x =7
[Board 2007]
9 3 2
We have 3 × 5 = 3 ×5 # 3
2x = 14 = 1.555 .......... 3 2 × 5 2 = 3 2 ×5 # 5
9
= 1.5 HCF (33 ×5, 32 ×52) = 32 ×5 = 9×5 = 45
PRACTICE 20. If HCF (a, b) = 12 and a # b = 1, 800 , then find LCM

(a, b).
 If x = 0.6 , then find 2x .
[Board 2008]
Sol :
Ans : 1.3 We know that
HCF (a, b) # LCM (a, b) = a×b
Substituting the values we have
15. Write one rational and one irrational number lying
12 # LCM (a, b) = 1800
between 0.25 and 0.32.
1, 800
Sol : or, LCM (a, b) = = 150
[Board 2020 SQP Standard] 12
Given numbers are 0.25 and 0.32. 21. What is the condition for the decimal expansion of a
Clearly 0.30 = 30 = 3 rational number to terminate? Explain with the help
100 10 of an example.
Thus 0.30 is a rational number lying between
0.25 and 0.32. Also 0.280280028000.....
has non-terminating non-repeating decimal The decimal expansion of a rational number
expansion. It is an irrational number lying between terminates, if the denominator of rational
0.25 and 0.32. number can be expressed as 2m 5n where m
and n are non negative integers and p and q both 27. Find the least number that is divisible by all numbers
co-primes. between 1 and 10 (both inclusive).
e.g. 3 = 3 = 0.3 Sol : [Board 2010]
10 21 # 51
The required number is the LCM of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
22. Find the smallest positive rational number by which 7, 8, 9, 10,
1
7 should be multiplied so that its decimal expansion LCM = 2 # 2 # 3 # 2 # 3 # 5 # 7
terminates after 2 places of decimal.
= 2520
Since 1 7 = 1 = 0.01. 28. Find HCF of the numbers given below:

7 # 100 100
k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, , where k is a positive integer.
Thus smallest rational number is 7 .
100
23. What type of decimal expansion does a rational Here we can see easily that k is common
number has? How can you distinguish it from decimal factor between all and this is highest factor
expansion of irrational numbers? Thus HCF of k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, is k .
A rational number has its decimal expansion 29. Complete the following factor tree and find the
either terminating or non-terminating, composite number x .
repeating An irrational numbers has its
decimal expansion non-repeating and non-
terminating.
24. Calculate 3 in the decimal form.

8
Sol : [Board 2008]
3
We have 3 = 3 = 2#5
8 23 23 # 53
= 3753 = 375
10 1, 000
= 0.375
25. Find the smallest natural number by which 1200

should be multiplied so that the square root of the
product is a rational number.
We have y = 5 # 13 = 65
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015]
and x = 3 # 195 = 585
We have 1200 = 12 # 100
= 4 # 3 # 4 # 25 30. Write the rational number 757 will have a terminating
= 42 # 3 # 52 decimal expansion. or a non-terminating repeating
decimal.
Here if we multiply by 3, then its square root will
be 4 # 3 # 5 which is a rational number. Thus the Sol : [Board 2018 SQP]
required smallest natural number is 3. We have 7 = 7

75 3 # 52
26. Can two numbers have 15 as their HCF and 175 as The denominator of rational number 757 can
their LCM? Give reasons. not be written in form 2m 5n So it is non-
terminating repeating decimal expansion.
LCM of two numbers should be exactly
divisible by their HCF. Since, 15 does not
divide 175, two numbers cannot have their
HCF as 15 and LCM as 175.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS two smaller natural numbers. A natural number

greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite
number. For example, 5 is prime because the only
31. If HCF of 144 and 180 is expressed in the form ways of writing it as a product, 1 # 5 or 5 # 1,
13m - 16 . Find the value of m . involve 5 itself. However, 6 is composite because it
is the product of two numbers (2 # 3) that are both
smaller than 6. Every composite number can be
According to Euclid’s algorithm any number a can be
written as the product of two or more (not necessarily
written in the form,
distinct) primes.
a = bq + r where 0 # r < b
3 # 12 # 101 + 4 = 4 (3 # 3 # 101 + 1)
Applying Euclid’s division lemma on 144 and 180 we
have = 4 (909 + 1)
180 = 144 # 1 + 36 = 4 (910)
144 = 36 # 4 + 0 = 2 # 2 # (10 # 7 # 13)
Here, remainder is 0 and divisor is 36. Thus HCF of = 2 # 2 # 2 # 5 # 7 # 13
144 and 180 is 36. = a composite number
Now 36 = 13m - 16
34. Given that HCF (306, 1314) = 18. Find LCM
36 + 16 = 13m
(306, 1314)
52 = 13m & m = 4
PRACTICE We have HCF (306, 1314) = 18

 The HCF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form LCM (306, 1314) = ?
65m - 117. Find the value of m . Let a = 306 and b = 1314 , then we have
[Board Term-1 2011]
LCM (a, b) # HCF (a, b) = a # b
Ans : 2
Substituting values we have
LCM (a, b) ×18 = 306 # 1314
Explain why (7 # 13 # 11) + 11 and
LCM (a, b) = 306 # 1314
32.
(7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 3 # 2 # 1) + 3 are composite 18
numbers. LCM (306, 1314) = 22, 338
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] 35. Complete the following factor tree and find the
(7 # 13 # 11) + 11 = 11 # (7 # 13 + 1) composite number x .
= 11 # (91 + 1)
= 11 # 92
and
(7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 3 # 2 # 1) + 3
= 3 (7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 2 # 1 + 1)
= 3 # (1681) = 3 # 41 # 41
Since given numbers have more than two prime
factors, both number are composite.
33. Explain whether 3 # 12 # 101 + 4 is a prime number

or a composite number.
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number

greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015, 2014] Ans : M = 32760, N = 16380, O = 3,

We complete the given factor tree writing variable y P = 7 and Q = 13
and z as following.
 Complete the following factor tree and find the

composite number x .
z = 161 = 23
[Board Term-1 2015]
We have
7 Ans : x = 585 and y = 65
y = 7 # 161 = 1127
Composite number, x = 2 # 3381 = 6762  Complete the following factor tree and find the
composite number x
PRACTICE
 Complete the factor-tree and find the composite

number M .
[Board Term-1 2015]

Ans : x = 11130, y = 5565 and z = 53
 Find the missing numbers a, b, c and d in the given

factor tree:
[Board Term-1 2013]

 Show that numbers 8n can never end with digit 0

of any natural number n .
[Board Term-1 2015]
Ans : Proof
37. Show that 5 6 is an irrational number.

Let 5 6 be a rational number, which can be expressed

as ab , where b ! 0; a and b are co-primes.
Now 5 6 =a
b
6 = a
5b
or, 6 = rational
But, 6 is an irrational number. Thus, our assumption
is wrong. Hence, 5 6 is an irrational number.
38. Write the denominator of the rational number 257

500 in
the form 2m ×5n, where m and n are non-negative
[Board Term-1 2012]
integers. Hence write its decimal expansion without
Ans : c = 11, b = 7 , c = 13 and d = 11. actual division.
36. Check whether 4n can end with the digit 0 for any We have 500 = 25 # 20
natural number n . = 52 # 5 # 4
= 53 # 22
n
If the number 4 , for any n, were to end with the digit
Here denominator is 500 which can be written
zero, then it would be divisible by 5 and 2.
That is, the prime factorization of 4n would as 22 ×53 .
contain the prime 5 and 2. This is not possible Now decimal expansion,
because the only prime in the factorization
257 = 257 # 2 = 514
of 4n = 22n is 2. So, the uniqueness of the 500 2 # 22 # 53 103
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that
= 0.514
there are no other primes in the factorization of 4n .
So, there is no natural number n for which 4n ends
39. Write a rational number between 2 and 3.
with the digit zero. Hence 4n cannot end with the
digit zero. Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
We have 200 and 3 = 300

2=
PRACTICE 100 100
 Check whether (15) n can end with digit 0 for any We need to find a rational number x such that
n ! N. 1 200 < x < 1 300
10 10
[Board Term-1 2012]
Ans : No Choosing any perfect square such as 225 or
256 in between 200 and 300, we have
x = 225 = 15 = 5
 Show that 7n cannot end with the digit zero, for 100 10 3
any natural number n . Similarly if we choose 256, then we have
[Board Term-1 2012]
x = 256 = 16 = 8
Ans : Proof 100 10 5
40. Write the rational number 757 will have a terminating lemma to 960 and 128 to obtain,
decimal expansion. or a non-terminating repeating 960 = 128 # 7 + 64
decimal.
Since, again remainder 64 ! 0 , we again apply the
Sol : [Board 2018 SQP] division lemma to 128 and 64 to obtain,
We have 7 = 7 128 = 64 # 2 + 0
75 3 # 52
Since, the remainder is zero, then at this stage divisor
The denominator of rational number 757 can
is 64.
not be written in form 2m 5n So it is non-
terminating repeating decimal expansion. Therefore, the HCF of 2048 and 960 is 64.
41. Show that 571 is a prime number. PRACTICE
Sol :  Using Euclid’s algorithm, find the HCF of 272

and 1032.
Let x = 571
[Board 2020 OD Basic]
x = 571 Ans : 8
Now 571 lies between the perfect squares of ^23h = 529 2
and ^24h2 = 576 . Prime numbers less than 24 are 2, 3,

 Find the HCF of 1260 and 7344 using Euclid’s
5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23. Here 571 is not divisible by any
algorithm?
of the above numbers, thus 571 is a prime number.
[Board 2019 Delhi]
42. If two positive integers p and q are written as p = a b 2 3 Ans :

and q = a3 b, where a and b are prime numbers than
verify LCM (p, q) # HCF (q, q) = pq
 Using Euclid’s algorithm, find the HCF of 240
Sol : [Sample Paper 2017] and 228.
We have p = a2 b3 = a # a # b # b # b [Board Term-1 2012]
Ans :
and q = a3 b = a # a # a # b
Now LCM (p, q) = a # a # a # b # b # b
= a3 b3 44. Prove that 3 + 5 is an irrational number.
and HCF (p, q) = a # a # b Sol : [Board 2010]
= a2 b Assume that 3 + 5 is a rational number, then we

have
LCM (p, q) # HCF (p, q) = a3 b3 # a2 b
p
5 = , q!0
3+
= a5 b 4 q
= a2 b3 # a3 b p
5 = -3
q
= pq
p - 3q
5 =
43. Using Euclid’s Algorithm, find the HCF of 2048 and q
p - 3q
960. Here 5 is irrational and q is rational. But rational
number cannot be equal to an irrational number.
Hence 3 + 5 is an irrational number.
According to Euclid’s algorithm any number
a can be written in the form, 45. Find the HCF of 180, 252 and 324 by Euclid’s Division
algorithm.
Given numbers are 2048 and 960. Since 2048 > 960,
According to Euclid’s algorithm any number a can be
we apply the division lemma to 2048 and 960 to
obtain,
2048 = 960 # 2 + 128
HCF of 1260 and 7344 by Euclid lemma,
Since, remainder 128 ! 0 , we apply the division
324 = 252×1 + 72
252 = 72×3 + 36 divisible by 2.

72 = 36×2 + 0 Thus any positive odd integer is of the form
6q + 1, 6q + 3 or 6q + 5 .
Thus HCF(324, 252) = 36
Now 180 = 36×5 + 0 THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
Thus HCF (36, 180) = 36
Thus HCF of 180, 252, and 324 is 36. 48. Given that 5 is irrational, prove that 2 5 - 3 is an
irrational number.
PRACTICE
 Find the HCF, by Euclid’s division algorithm of
the numbers 92690, 7378 and 7161. Assume that 2 5 - 3 is a rational number. Therefore,
[Board Term-1 2013]
we can write it in the form of qp where p and q are
Ans : co-prime integers and q ! 0 .
p
Now 2 5 -3 =
q
46. Show that any positive even integer can be written in where q ! 0 and p and q are co-prime integers.
the form 6q, 6q + 2 or 6q + 4, where q is an integer. Rewriting the above expression as,
p
Sol : 2 5 = +3
[Board Term1, 2016] q
Let a be any positive integer, then by Euclid’s p + 3q
5 =
division algorithm, a can be written as 2q
= = bq + r Here p +2q3q is rational because p and q are co-prime
integers, thus 5 should be a rational number. But
Take b = 6 , then 0 # r < 6 because 0 # r < b,
5 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that
Thus a = 6q, 6q + 1, 6q + 2, 6q + 3, 6q + 4, 6q + 5 5 is irrational. Hence 2 5 - 3 is an irrational
Here 6q, , 6q + 2 and 6q + 4 are divisible by 2 and so number.
6q, 6q + 2 and 6q + 4 are even positive integers.
PRACTICE
Hence a is always an even integer if
 Given that 3 is irrational, prove that 2 3 - 5
a = 6q, 6q + 2, 6q + 4 is an irrational number.
[Board 2008, 2015]
PRACTICE
Ans : Proof
 Show that any positive odd integer is of the form
4q + 1 or 4q + 3, where q is some integer.
[Board 2019, 2017]
49. Given that 2 is irrational, prove that (5 + 3 2 ) is
Ans : Proof an irrational number.
Sol : [Board 2018]
47. Show that any positive odd integer is of the form Assume that (5 + 3 2 ) is a rational number.
6q + 1, 6q + 3 or 6q + 5, where q is some integer. Therefore, we can write it in the form of qp where p
and q are co-prime integers and q ! 0 .
p
Let a be any positive integer, then by Euclid’s Now 5+3 2 =
q
division algorithm a can be written as where q ! 0 and p and q are integers.
= = bq + r Rewriting the above expression as,
Take b = 6 , then 0 # r < 6 because 0 # r < b, p
3 2 = -5
q
Thus a = 6q, 6q + 1, 6q + 2, 6q + 3, 6q + 4, 6q + 5
p - 5q
Here 6q, , 6q + 2 and 6q + 4 are divisible by 2 and so 2 =
3q
6q, 6q + 2 and 6q + 4 are even positive integers. Here p -3q5q is rational because p and q are co-prime
But 6q + 1, 6q + 3, 6q + 5 are odd, as they are not integers, thus 2 should be a rational number. But
2 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that 52. Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes
2 is irrational. Hence ^5 + 3 2 h is an irrational respectively. If they start tolling together, after what
number. time will they next toll together?
PRACTICE
The required answer is the LCM of 9, 12, and 15
 Given that 3 is irrational, prove that (5 + 2 3 ) minutes.
is an irrational number.
Finding prime factor of given number we have,
[Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Ans : Proof 9 = 3 # 3 = 32
12 = 2 # 2 # 3 = 22 # 3
 Prove that 2 + 5 3 is an irrational number, 15 = 3 # 5
given that 3 is an irrational number. LCM(9, 12, 15) = 22 # 32 # 5
[Board 2019 OD]
Ans : Proof = 150 minutes
The bells will toll next together after 180 minutes.
 Prove that 2 +5 3 is an irrational number, given 53. Find HCF and LCM of 16 and 36 by prime factorization
that 3 is an irrational number. and check your answer.
[Board 2019 Delhi]
Sol : [Board 2009]
Ans : Proof
Finding prime factor of given number we have,
16 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 = 2 4
50. Write the smallest number which is divisible by both
36 = 2 # 2 # 3 # 3 = 22 # 32
306 and 657.
HCF(16, 36) = 2 # 2 = 4
The smallest number that is divisible by two numbers LCM (16, 36) = 2 4 # 32
is obtained by finding the LCM of these numbers = 16 # 9 = 144
Here, the given numbers are 306 and 657.
Check :
306 = 6 # 51 = 3 # 2 # 3 # 17
HCF(a, b) ×LCM(a, b) = a # b
657 = 9 # 73 = 3 # 3 # 73
or, 4×144 = 16×36
LCM(306, 657) = 2 # 3 # 3 # 17 # 73
576 = 576
= 22338 Thus LHS = RHS
Hence, the smallest number which is divisible by 306
and 657 is 22338. PRACTICE
 Find the HCF and LCM of 510 and 92 and

51. 144 cartons of Coke cans and 90 cartons of Pepsi cans
verify that HCF × LCM = Product of two given
are to be stacked in a canteen. If each stack is of
numbers.
the same height and if it equal contain cartons of the
[Board Term-1 2011]
same drink, what would be the greatest number of
Ans : 2, 23460
cartons each stack would have?
The required answer will be HCF of 144 and 90.  Find HCF and LCM of 404 and 96 and verify
that HCF # LCM = Product of the two given
144 = 2 4 # 32
numbers.
90 = 2 # 32 # 5 [Board 2018]
HCF(144, 90) = 2 # 3 = 18 2 Ans : 4, 9696
Thus each stack would have 18 cartons.

54. Express ^ 154 + 405 h as a decimal fraction without actual Hence, exactly one of the numbers n, n + 2, n + 4 is
division. divisible by 3.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] 57. Find the largest number which divides 70 and 125,
We have 15 + 5 = 15 25 + 5 × 25 leaving remainders 5 and 8 respectively.
4 40 4 # 25 40 25
Sol : [Board 2008]
= 375 + 125 Since required number is largest, the problem is
100 1000
= 3.75 + 0.125 = 3.875 related to HCF. Since, 5 and 8 are the remainders
from the numbers, we have the numbers 65 = ^70 - 5h,
55. Express the number 0.3178 in the form of rational 117 = ^125 - 8h , which is divisible by the required
number.
number a .
b Now, required number = HCF (65, 117)
By Euclid’s division algorithm,
Let x = 0.3178 117 = 65 # 1 + 52
x = 0.3178178178 65 = 52 # 1 + 13
10, 000x = 3178.178178... 52 = 13 # 4 + 0
10x = 3.178178.... HCF (65, 117) = 13
Subtracting, 9990x = 3175 Hence, 13 is the largest number which divides 70 and
125 leaving remainders 5 and 8.
or, x = 3175 = 635
9990 1998
PRACTICE
PRACTICE
 Find the largest number which divides 59 and
 Express the number 0.1486 in the form of rational 128, leaving remainders 4 and 7 respectively.
number a . [Board 2013 Foreign]
b
[Board 2008] Ans : 11
Sol : 11
74
56. Show that exactly one of the number n, n + 2 or n + 4 58. Prove that one of every three consecutive positive
is divisible by 3. integers is divisible by 3.
Sol : [Board SQP 2017]

If n is divisible by 3, clearly n + 2 and n + 4 Let n be any positive integer then by Euclid’s division
is not divisible by 3. algorithm n can be written as
If n is not divisible by 3, then two case arise
Now n = 3q + r
as given below.
where, r = 0 , 1, 2
Case 1: n = 3k + 1
n + 2 = 3k + 1 + 2 = 3k + 3 = 3 (k + 1) Substituting r = 0 we obtain,
and n + 4 = 3k + 1 + 4 = 3k + 5 = 3 (k + 1) + 2 n = 3q + 0 = 3q which is divisible by 3.

We can clearly see that in this case n + 2 is divisible Substituting r = 1 we obtain
by 3 and n + 4 is not divisible by 3. Thus in this case n = 3q + 1, which is not divisible by 3.
only n + 2 is divisible by 3.
Substituting r = 2 we obtain
Case 1: n = 3k + 2
n + 2 = 3k + 2 + 2 = 3k + 4 = 3 (k + 1) + 1 n = 3q + 2 , which is not divisible by 3.
Hence, one of every three consecutive positive integers
and n + 4 = 3k + 2 + 4 = 3k + 6 = 3 (k + 2)
is divisible by 3.
We can clearly see that in this case n + 4 is divisible
by 3 and n + 2 is not divisible by 3. Thus in this case 59. Use Euclid division lemma to show that the square of
only n + 4 is divisible by 3. any positive integer cannot be of the form 5m + 2 or
5m + 3 for some integer m . 36 = 9 # 4 + 0

Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] HCF ^657, 963h = 9
Let a be any positive integer, then by Euclid’s division Now 9 = 657x + 963 # ^- 15h
algorithm a can be written as
657x = 9 + 963 # 15
= = bq + r , 0 # r < b and q ! w
= 9 + 14445
Take b = 5 , then 0 # r < 5 because 0 # r < b
657x = 14454
Thus = = 5q, 5q + 1, 5q + 2, 5q + 3 and 5q + 4,
Now a2 = (5q) 2 = 25q2 = 5 (5q2) = 5m x = 14454 = 22
657
a2 = (5q + 1) 2 62. Show that exactly one of the number n, n + 2 or n + 4
2
= 25q + 10q + 1 = 5m + 1 is divisible by 3.
a2 = (5q + 2) 2 Sol : [Board Term-1 SQP 2017]
If n is divisible by 3, clearly n + 2 and n + 4

= 25q2 + 20q + 4 = 5m + 4
is not divisible by 3.
Similarly a2 = (5q + 3) 2 = 5m + 4 If n is not divisible by 3, then two case arise
and a2 = (5q + 4) 2 = 5m + 1 as given below.
Thus square of any positive integer cannot be of the Case 1: n = 3k + 1
form 5m + 2 or 5m + 3. n + 2 = 3k + 1 + 2 = 3k + 3 = 3 (k + 1)
60. If d is the HCF of 30 and 72, find the value of x and and n + 4 = 3k + 1 + 4 = 3k + 5 = 3 (k + 1) + 2
y satisfying d = 30x + 72y . We can clearly see that in this case n + 2 is divisible
by 3 and n + 4 is not divisible by 3. Thus in this case
Sol : [Board Term-1 SQP 2015]
Using Euclid’s Division Lemma, we have
Case 1: n = 3k + 2
72 = 30 # 2 + 12 ...(1)
n + 2 = 3k + 2 + 2 = 3k + 4 = 3 (k + 1) + 1
30 = 12 # 2 + 6 ...(2)
and n + 4 = 3k + 2 + 4 = 3k + 6 = 3 (k + 2)
12 = 6 # 2 + 0 ...(3) We can clearly see that in this case n + 4 is divisible
Thus HCF(30, 72) = 6 by 3 and n + 2 is not divisible by 3. Thus in this case
Now 6 = 30 - 12 # 2 From (2),
Hence, exactly one of the numbers n, n + 2, n + 4 is
6 = 30 - (72 - 30 # 2) # 2 From (1) divisible by 3.
6 = 30 - 72 # 2 + 30 # 4
63. The length, breadth and height of a room are 8 m
6 = 30 (1 - 4) - 72 # 2 50 cm, 6 m 25 cm and 4 m 75 cm respectively. Find
6 = 30 # 5 + 72 # (- 2) the length of the longest rod that can measure the
dimensions of the room exactly.
6 = 30x + 72y
Thus x = 5 and y =- 2 .Here x and y are not unique. Here we have to determine the HCF of all length
which can measure all dimension.
61. If HCF of 657 and 963 is expressible in the form of
657x + 963 # (- 15), find the value of x . Length, l = 8 m 50 cm = 850 cm
Sol : [Board Term-1 SQP 2016] = 50 # 17 = 2 # 52 # 17
Using Euclid’s Division Lemma we have Breadth, b = 6 m 25 cm = 625 cm
963 = 657 # 1 + 306 = 25 # 25 = 52 # 52
657 = 306 # 2 + 45 Height, h = 4 m 75 cm = 475 cm
306 = 45 # 6 + 36 = 25 # 19 = 52 # 19
45 = 36 # 1 + 9 HCF(l, b, h) = HCF (850, 625, 475)
= HCF (2 # 52 # 17, 52, 52 # 19) FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

2
= 5 = 25 cm
Thus 25 cm rod can measure the dimensions of the 66. If p is prime number, then prove that p is an
room exactly. This is longest rod that can measure irrational.
exactly.
64. A fruit vendor has 990 apples and 945 oranges. He Let p be a prime number and if possible, let p be
packs them into baskets. Each basket contains only rational
one of the two fruits but in equal number. Find the
number of fruits to be put in each basket in order to Thus p =m,
n
have minimum number of baskets. where m and n are co-primes and n ! 0 .
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] Squaring on both sides, we get
2
Required answer is the HCF of 990 and 945.
p = m2
By using Euclid’s Division Lemma, we have n
990 = 945 # 1 + 45 or, pn = m2
2
...(1)
2 2
945 = 45 # 21 + 0 Here p divides pn . Thus p divides m and in result
Thus HCF of 990 and 945 is 45. The fruit vendor p also divides m .
should put 45 fruits in each basket to have minimum Let m = pq for some integer q and putting m = pq
number of baskets. in eq. (1), we have
pn2 = p2 q2
65. An army contingent of 612 members is to march
behind an army band of 48 members in a parade. or, n2 = pq2
The two groups are to march in the same number of Here p divides pq2 .Thus p divides n2 and in result p
columns. What is the maximum number of columns in
which they can march? also divides n .

[ p is prime and p divides n2 & p divides n ]
Let the number of columns be x which is the largest Thus p is a common factor of m and n but this
number, which should divide both 612 and 48. It contradicts the fact that m and n are primes. The
means x should be HCF of 612 and 48. contradiction arises by assuming that p is rational.
According to Euclid’s algorithm any number a can be Hence, p is irrational.
67. Prove that 3 is an irrational number.
By using Euclid’s Division Lemma, we have
Assume that 3 is a rational number. Therefore, we
612 = 48 # 12 + 36 can write it in the form of ab where a and b are co-
48 = 36 # 1 + 12 prime integers and q ! 0 .
36 = 12 # 3 + 0 Assume that 3 be a rational number then we have
Thus HCF of 612 and 96 is 12 i.e. 12 columns are 3 =a,
b
required.
where a and b are co-primes and b ! 0 .
PRACTICE Now a =b 3
 An army contingent of 104 members is to march Squaring both the sides, we have
behind an army band of 96 members in a parade.
The two groups are to march in the same number a2 = 3b2
of columns. What is the maximum number of Thus 3 is a factor of a2 and in result 3 is also a factor
columns in which they can march? of a .
[Board Term-1 2012] Let a = 3c where c is some integer, then we have
Ans : 8 a2 = 9c2
Substituting a2 = 3b2 we have
3b2 = 9c2 Since we have assume 2 - a is rational, but 5 is

2
b = 3c 2 not rational. Rational number cannot be equal to an
irrational number. Thus 2 - 5 is irrational.
Thus 3 is a factor of b2 and in result 3 is also a factor
of b .  Prove that 3 is an irrational number. Hence,
Thus 3 is a common factor of a and b . But this show that 7 - 2 3 is also an irrational number.
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus, [Board Term-1 2012]
our assumption that 3 is rational number is wrong. Ans : Proof

Hence 3 is irrational.
 Prove that 5 is an irrational number.
69. Find HCF and LCM of 378, 180 and 420 by prime
[Board 2020 OD Standard]
factorization method. Is HCF × LCM of these numbers
Ans : Proof
equal to the product of the given three numbers?
Sol : [Board 2009]
 Prove that 2 is an irrational number. Finding prime factor of given number we have,
[Board Term-1 2011]
378 = 2 # 33 # 7
Ans : Proof
180 = 22 # 32 # 5
420 = 22 # 3 # 7 # 5
68. Prove that 5 is an irrational number and hence
HCF(378, 180, 420) = 2 # 3 = 6
show that 2 - 5 is also an irrational number.
LCM(378, 180, 420) = 22 # 33 # 5 # 7
Assume that 5 be a rational number then we have = 22 # 33 # 5 # 7 = 3780

HCF×LCM = 6 # 3780 = 22680
5 =a, (a ,b are co-primes and b ! 0 )
b Product of given numbers
a =b 5 = 378 # 180 # 420
Squaring both the sides, we have = 28576800
a2 = 5b2 Hence, HCF × LCM ! Product of three numbers.
2
Thus 5 is a factor of a and in result 5 is also
70. State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Find LCM
a factor of a .
of numbers 2520 and 10530 by prime factorization.
Let a = 5c where c is some integer, then we have
a2 = 25c2 The fundamental theorem of arithmetic
Substituting a2 = 5b2 we have (FTA), also called the unique factorization
theorem or the unique-prime-factorization
5b2 = 25c2
theorem, states that every integer greater
b2 = 5c2 than 1 either is prime itself or is the product of a
unique combination of prime numbers.
Thus 5 is a factor of b2 and in result 5 is also a factor
OR
of b .
Thus 5 is a common factor of a and b . But this Every composite number can be expressed as the
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus, product powers of primes and this factorization is
our assumption that 5 is rational number is wrong. unique.
Hence 5 is irrational. Finding prime factor of given number we have,
Let us assume that 2 - 5 be rational equal to a , 2520 = 20 # 126 = 20 # 6 # 21
then we have = 23 # 32 # 5 # 7
2- 5 =a 10530 = 30 # 351 = 30 # 9 # 39
2-a = 5 = 30 # 9 # 3 # 13
= 2 # 3 4 # 5 # 13 If a = 3q then,
3 4
LCM(2520, 10530) = 2 # 3 # 5 # 7 # 13 a â + 1hâ + 2h = 3q ^3q + 1h^3q + 2h
= 294840 Product of two consecutive integers ^3q + 1h and
^3q + 2h is an even integer, say 2r .
71. Can the number 6n , n being a natural number, end Thus a â + 1hâ + 2h = 3q ^2r h
with the digit 5 ? Give reasons.
= 6qr , which is divisible by 6.
n Case II : a = 3q + 1
If the number 6 for any n, were to end with
the digit five, then it would be divisible by 5. If a = 3q + 1 then
That is, the prime factorization of 6n would a â + 1hâ + 2h = ^3q + 1h^3q + 2h^3q + 3h
contain the prime 5. This is not possible
because the only prime in the factorization of = ^2r h^3 h^q + 1h
6n = (2 # 3) n are 2 and 3. The uniqueness of the = 6r ^q + 1h
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that
which is divisible by 6.
there are no other primes in the factorization of 6n .
Since there is no prime factor 5, 6n cannot end with Case III : a = 3q + 2
the digit five. If a = 3q + 2 then
72. State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Is it a â + 1hâ + 2h = ^3q + 2h^3q + 3h^3q + 4h

possible that HCF and LCM of two numbers be 24 = 3 ^3q + 2h^q + 1h^3q + 4h
and 540 respectively. Justify your answer.
Here ^3q + 2h and = 3 ^3q + 2h^q + 1h^3q + 4h
= multiple of 6 every q
Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic : Every
integer greater than one ither is prime itself = 6r (say)
or is the product of prime numbers and that which is divisible by 6. Hence, the product of three
this product is unique. Up to the order of the consecutive integers is divisible by 6 and n3 - n is also
factors. divisible by 3.
LCM of two numbers should be exactly divisible by
their HCF. In other words LCM is always a multiple 74. Prove that n2 - n is divisible by 2 for every positive
of HCF. Since, 24 does not divide 540 two numbers integer n .
cannot have their HCF as 24 and LCM as 540. Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
HCF = 24 We have n - n = n ^n - 1h
2
LCM = 540 2
Thus n - n is product of two consecutive positive
LCM = 540 = 22.5 not an integer integers.
HCF 24 Any positive integer is of the form 2q or 2q + 1, for
73. For any positive integer n , prove that n3 - n is some integer q .
divisible by 6. Case 1 : n = 2q
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015, 2012] If n = 2q we have
n ^n - 1h = 2q ^2q - 1h
3 2
We have n - n = n (n - 1)
= ^n - 1h n ^n + 1h = 2m ,
= ^n - 1h n ^n + 1h where m = q ^2q - 1h which is divisible by 2.
3
Thus n - n is product of three consecutive positive Case 2 : n = 2q + 1
integers.
If n = 2q + 1, we have
Since, any positive integers a is of the form 3q, 3q + 1
or 3q + 2 for some integer q . n ^n - 1h = (2q + 1) ^2q + 1 - 1h
Let a, a + 1, a + 2 be any three consecutive integers. = 2q ^2q + 1h
Case I : a = 3q = 2m
where m = q ^2q + 1h which is divisible by 2. = 2304

2
Hence, n - n is divisible by 2 for every positive HCF × LCM = Product of the two number
integer n .
4 # 2, 304 = 256 # 36
75. Show that there is no positive integer n , for which 9216 = 9, 216
n - 1 + n - 1 is rational.
Hence verified.
Let us assume that there is a positive integer 77. Find HCF of 81 and 237 and express it as a
n for which n - 1 + n - 1 is rational linear combination of 81 and 237 i.e. HCF
and equal to qp , where p and q are positive ^81, 237h = 81x + 237y for some x and y .
integers and ^q ! 0h . Sol : [Board Term-1 2012, NCERT]
p By using Euclid’s Division Lemma, we have

n-1+ n-1 = ...(1)
q
237 = 81 # 2 + 75 ...(1)
q 1
or, = 81 = 75 # 1 + 6 ...(2)
p n-1+ n+1
n-1- n+1 75 = 6 # 12 + 3 ...(3)
=
^ n - 1 + n + 1 h^ n - 1 - n + 1 h 6 = 3#2+0 ...(4)
= n-1- n+1 Hence, HCF ^81, 237h = 3.
(n - 1) - (n + 1)
q In order to write 3 in the form of 81x + 237y ,
or = n-1- n+1
p -2
3 = 75 - 6 # 12
2q
n+1- n-1 = ...(2) = 75 - ^81 - 75 # 1h # 12 Replace 6 from (2)
p
Adding (1) and (2), we get = 75 - 81 # 12 + 75 # 12
2 2
p 2q p + 2q = 75 + 75 # 12 - 81 # 12
2 n+1 = + = ...(3)
q p pq
Subtracting (2) from (1) we have = 75 ^1 + 12h - 81 # 12
p2 - 2q2 = 75 # 13 - 81 # 12
2 n-1 = ...(4)
pq = 13 ^237 - 81 # 2h - 81 # 12 Replace 75 from (1)
From (3) and (4), we observe that n + 1 and n - 1
= 13 # 237 - 81 # 2 # 13 - 81 # 12
both are rational because p and q both are rational.
But it possible only when ^n + 1h and ^n - 1h both are = 237 # 13 - 81 ^26 + 12h
perfect squares. But they differ by 2 and two perfect = 237 # 13 - 81 # 38
squares never differ by 2. So both ^n + 1h and ^n - 1h
cannot be perfect squares, hence there is no positive = 81 # ^- 38h + 237 # ^13h
integer n for which n - 1 + n + 1 is rational. = 81x + 237y ]
76. Find the HCF of 256 and 36 using Euclid’s Division Hence x = - 38 and y = 13 . These values of x and y
Algorithm. Also, find their LCM and verify that are not unique.
HCF × LCM = Product of the two numbers. 78. Show that the square of any positive integer is of the
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] forms 4m or 4m + 1, where m is any integer.
By using Euclid’s Division Lemma, we have Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
256 = 36×7 + 4 Let a be any positive integer, then by Euclid’s division
36 = 4 # 9 + 0 algorithm a can be written as
= = bq + r
Hence, the HCF of 256 and 36 is 4.
Take b = 4 , then 0 # r < 4 because 0 # r < b,
LCM : 256 = 28
Thus a = 4q, 4q + 1, 4q + 2, 4q + 3
36 = 22 # 32
Case 1 : a = 4q
LCM (36, 256) = 28 # 32 = 256 # 9
a2 = ^4q h2 = 16q2 = 4 ^4q2h Here x and y are not unique.

= 4m where m = 4q 2
6 = 18 # 3 + 48 # ^- 1h
Case 2 : a = 4q + 1 = 18 # 3 + 48 # ^- 1h + 18 # 48 - 18 # 48
a = ^4q + 1h = 16q + 8q + 1
2 2 2
= 18 (3 + 48) + 48 ^- 1 - 18h
4 n
= 18 # 51 + 48 # ^- 19h
2
= 4m + 1 where m = 4q + 2q 6 = 18x + 48y , where x = 51, y = - 19
Case 3 : a = 4q + 2
a2 = ^4q + 2h2
COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS
= 16q2 + 16q + 4
You have a piece of construction paper that measures
= 4 ^4q2 + 4q + 1h
80.
32 cm by 48 cm. You want to cut it into squares of
= 4m where m = 4q2 + 4q + 1 equal size.
Case 4 : a2 = ^4q + 3h2 = 16q2 + 24q + 9 (i) What will be the dimensions of the largest possible
square?
= 16q2 + 24q + 8 + 1
(ii) How many squares will you have?
= 4 ^4q2 + 6q + 2h + 1
= 4m + 1 where m = 4q2 + 6q + 2
From cases 1, 2, 3 and 4 we conclude that the square
=
of any +ve integer is of the form 1 or 4m + 1.
PRACTICE
 Use Euclid’s Division Lemma to show that the

cube of any positive integer is of the form 9m ,
9m + 1, or 9m + 8, for some integer m .
[Board Term-1 2014]
Ans : Proof
79. Express the HCF/LCM of 48 and 18 as a linear

combination.
Using Euclid’s Division Lemma, we have

48 = 18 # 2 + 12 (1)
Sol :
18 = 12 # 1 + 6 (2)
Here we have to find HCF of 32 and 48.
12 = 6 # 2 + 0 32 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2
Thus HCF ^18, 48h = 6 48 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 3
Now 6 = 18 - 12 # 1 From (2), HCF (32, 48) = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 = 16
= 18 - (48 - 18 # 2) From (1) Area of construction paper = 32 # 48 cm2
= 18 - 48 # 1 + 18 # 2 Area of square = 16 # 16 cm2
= 18 # (2 + 1) - 48 # 1 81. When the marbles in a bag are divided evenly between
= 18 # 3 - 48 # 1 two friends, there is one marble left over. When the
same marbles are divided evenly among three friends,
= 18 # 3 + 48 # ^- 1h there is one marble left over. When the marbles are
Thus 6 = 18x + 48y , where x = 3, y =- 1 divided evenly among five friends, there is one marble
left over. (iv) What should have been the size of the semi large
(i) What is the least possible number of marbles in carton (which is larger than medium carton but
the bag? smaller than large carton) so that the maximum
(ii) What is another possible number of marbles in sized sheet remains same?
the bag?
Sol :
(i) In all three case one marble is left after division. Sol :
Thus total marble will be one more than LCM of (i) To find dimension of maximum size sheet which
numbers. can be fitted in all carton, it is required that we should
LCM(2, 3, 5) = 2 # 3 # 5 find HCF of length of all different sized cartons that
is HCF(6, 12, 24, 36, 48) = 6 and HCF of width of all
= 30
cartons that is HCF(8, 24, 36, 48, 96) = 4.
Thus 31 marbles are in bag. Thus maximum size of the sheet is 6 by 4.
(ii) If we add one in multiple of 30, we will get another (ii) Because HCF of certain numbers is always unique
possible number of marble. These are 61, 91, 121.... so only one sized sheet is possible.
82. An online shopping website sells 10 types of items (iii) 14 is not multiple of 6 and 15 is not multiple of 4
which are packed into various sizes of cartons which so it is not possible to have a carton with dimension
are given below. 14 # 15.
(iv) 18 is the only multiple of 6 between 12 and 24
Carton type Inner Dimensions for length of semi sized carton and there are choices
(L # W)cm2 for width of semi sized cartons from 28 and 32, so
Small 6 # 8 possible answers are 18 # 28 and 18 # 32.
Medium 12 # 24 83. Two oil tankers contain 825 litres and 675 litres of
Large 24 # 36 kerosene oil respectively.
Extra large 36 # 48 (i) Find the maximum capacity of a container which
can measure the kerosene oil of both the tankers
XXL 48 # 96
when used an exact number of times.
The company places supporting thermocol sheets
(ii) How many times we have to use container for
inside every package along the edges. The company
both tanker to fill ?
thought of procuring same sized sheets for all types of
cartons.
(i) What should be the maximum size of the sheet
that fits into all type of cartons?
(ii) How many such sheet sizes are possible?
(iii) The company later introduced a new size of carton
called semi large whose measurements are 14 # Sol :
15. Whether the existing maximum size sheet fits The maximum capacity of the required container has
this shape? to measure both the tankers in a way that the count
is an exact number of times. So its capacity is exactly
divisible by both the tankers. So we have to find the same time is 60 hours i.e. 2 days 12 hours,
HCF of 825 and 675. (ii) 2 days 12 hours after 6:00 AM. Monday morning.
First we find prime factorization of 825 and 675. Thus Wednesday at 6 PM.
675 = 3 # 3 # 3 # 5 # 5 32 # 48
Number of square in construction paper = 16 # 16 = 6
825 = 3 # 5 # 5 # 11 (i) The dimension of largest possible square is 16 cm
HCF(675, 825) = 3 # 5 # 5 (ii) 6 square will be possible in construction paper.
= 75 85. Tina has 39 pairs of headphones and 13 music players.
(i) Thus the maximum capacity of the required Tina wants to sell all of the headphones and music
container is 75 litres. players in identical packages. What is the greatest
75 = 11
(ii) Therefore, the first tanker will require 825 number of packages Tina can make?
times to fill it and 2nd tanker will require 67575 = 9
times to fill it.
84. Last year my grand mother was admitted to Fortis

hospital due to a small accident. She was prescribed
a pain medication to be given every 4 hr and an
antibiotic to be given every 5 hr. Bandages applied
to the my grand mother’s external injuries needed
changing every 12 hr. The nurse changed the bandages
and gave my grand mother both medications at 6:00
AM Monday morning.
Sol :
(i) How many hours will pass before the grand mother
In order to know how many packages Tina can make,
is given both medications and has her bandages
we need a number that is a factor of 39 and 13, so that
changed at the same time?
the 39 pairs of headphones and the 13 music players
(ii) What day and time will this be? can be divided up evenly. To find the greatest number
of identical packages, we have to find the HCF of 39
and 13
First we have to find prime factorization of 13 and 39.
13 = 13
39 = 3 # 13
HCF (13, 39) = 13
Tina can make 13 identical package.
86. Taniya have 54 football cards, 72 volleyball cards, and

63 basketball cards and she want to put them in a
binder. Each page of the binder should have cards
from a single sport, and there should be the same
number of cards on each page.
Sol : (i) What is the greatest number of cards, Taniya can
Here we have to find LCM of 4, 5, and 12. First we put on a page?
have to find prime factorization of 4, 5, and 12. (ii) How many pages will Taniya need for each sport?
4 = 2#2
5 =5
12 = 2 # 2 # 3
LCM(4, 5, 12) = 2 # 2 # 5 # 3
= 60
(i) The shortest length of before all are done at the
Sol :
Each page of the binder should have cards from a
single sport, and there should be the same number of
cards on each page. Here we have to find HCF of 54,
63 and 72.
54 = 2 # 3 # 3 # 3
63 = 3 # 3 # 7
72 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 3 # 3
HCF (54, 63, 72) = 3 # 3 = 9
(i) Thus Taniya can put 9 card on a page.
(ii) For football, 549 = 6 , for volleyball 729 = 8 and for
basketball 639 = 7 pages are needed.
87. A tile floor is to be made from 10 inch, 12 inch, and 15

inch square tiles. A design is made by alternating rows
with different size tiles. The first row uses only 10 inch
tiles, the second row uses only 12 inch tiles, and the Sol :
third row uses only 15 inch tiles. Neglecting the grout In order to know the minimum number of hours
seams, what is the shortest length of floor space that required for them to be aligned again, we have to
can be covered evenly by each row? find LCM of 6, 8, 10, and 15. First we find prime
factorization of 6, 8, 10, and 15.
Now 6 = 2#3
8 = 2#2#2
10 = 2 # 5
15 = 3 # 5
LCM(6, 8, 10, 15) = 2 # 2 # 2 # 3 # 5
= 120 hours
It will take 120 hours or 5 days for the satellites to be
aligned again.
Sol : 89. Mercury, Venus, and Earth revolve around the Sun
In order to know the shortest length of floor space approximately once every 3 months, 7 months, and
that can be covered evenly by each row, we have to 12 months, respectively. If the planets begin lined up,
find LCM of 10, 12, and 15. First we have to find what is the minimum number of months required for
prime factorization of 10, 12, and 15. them to be aligned again? (Assume that the planets
10 = 2 # 5 lie roughly in the same plane.)
12 = 2 # 2 # 3
15 = 3 # 5
LCM(10, 12, 15) = 2 # 2 # 3 # 5 = 60
The shortest length of floor space is 60 inch.
88. Four satellites revolve around the earth once every

6, 8, 10, and 15 hr, respectively. If the satellites are
initially lined up, how many hours must pass before
they will again be lined up?
Sol : 7 AM, at what time will they change simultaneously

In order to know the minimum number of months again?
required for them to be aligned again, we have to
find LCM of 3, 7, and 12. First we have to find prime
factorization of 3, 7, and 12.
3 =3
7 =7
12 = 2 # 2 # 3
LCM(2, 7, 12) = 3 # 7 # 2 # 2
= 84
It will take 84 months or 7 years for the planets to be
aligned again.
90. In a morning walk, three persons step off together. Sol :

Their steps measure 75 cm, 80 cm and 90 cm The traffic lights at three different road crossings change
respectively. What is the minimum distance each after every 48 seconds, 72 seconds and 108 seconds
should walk so that all can cover the same distance in respectively. As these lights change simultaneously at
complete steps? 7 AM. So the minimum time required to change these
lights again. As there is a word simultaneously so you
have to find the LCM of 48, 72 and 108. First we find
prime factorization of 48, 72 and 108.
48 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 3
72 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 3 # 3
108 = 2 # 2 # 3 # 3 # 3
LCM(48, 72, 108) = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 3 # 3 # 3
= 432 second
So after 432 seconds or 7 min 12 seconds, all the traffic
lights will change simultaneously 7 min 12 seconds
past 7 AM.
92. Lina is preparing dinner plates. She has 12 pieces of

chicken and 16 rolls. If she wants to make all the
Sol : plates identical without any food left over, what is the
greatest number of plates Lina can prepare ?
The distance required by each of them is same as well
as minimum, thus we have to find the least common
multiple (LCM). First we find prime factorization of
75, 80 and 90.
Now 75 = 3 # 5 # 5
80 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 5
90 = 2 # 3 # 3 # 5
LCM(75, 80, 90) = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 3 # 3 # 5 # 5
= 3600 cm
So the required minimum distance is 3600 cm.
91. The traffic lights at three different road crossings

change after every 48 seconds, 72 seconds and 108
seconds respectively. If they change simultaneously at Sol :
To make all the plates identical and find the greatest equal in width and are as wide as possible. How wide
number of plates, we have to find the greatest number should Jasmin cut each strip?
that can divide 12 and 16 evenly. That is the highest
common factor of 12 and 16.
12 = 2 # 2 # 3
16 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2
HCF (12, 16) = 2 # 2 = 4
Hence, Lina can prepare is 4 plates maximum.
93. At a train station, the blue line has a train leaving

every 15 minutes, the green line has a train leaving
every 24 minutes, and the red line every 10 minutes. If
the first train on each line leaves at the same time, how
often will there be trains on all three lines departing
the train station at the same time? Sol :
In order to know how wide Jasmin should cut each
strip, we need a number that is a factor of 44 and 33,
so that the piece that is 44 centimeters wide and the
piece that is 33 centimeters wide can be cut into equal
strips. To find the greatest width possible, we want to
find the HCF of 44 and 33.
33 = 3 # 11
44 = 2 # 2 # 11
HCF (33, 44) = 11
Jasmin should cut 11 cm wide strip.
95. Shalvi is a tuition teacher and teaches mathematics

to some kids at her home. She is very innovative and
always plan new games to make her students learn
Sol :
concepts.
In order to know how often will there be trains on
all three lines departing the train station at the same
time, we need a number that is a factor of 10, 15 and
24. Here we have to find LCM of 10, 15, and 24. First
we have to find prime factorization of 10, 15, and 24.
10 = 2 # 5
15 = 3 # 5
24 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 3
LCM(10, 15, 24) = 2 # 2 # 2 # 3 # 5
= 120
Train will depart on all three lines at the same time
after every 120 minutes or 2 hours.
94. Jasmin is completing an art project. She has two pieces Today, she has planned a prime number game. She
of construction paper. The first piece is 44 centimeters announce the number 2 in her class and asked the
wide and the second piece is 33 centimeters wide. first student to multiply it by a prime number and
Jasmin wants to cut the paper into strips that are then pass it to second student. Second student also
multiplied it by a prime number and passed it to third same stair ?

student. In this way by multiplying to a prime number (iii) Who takes least number of steps to reach near
the last student got 173250. He told this number to hundred?
Shalvi in class. Now she asked some questions to the
students as given below. (iv) What is the first stair where any two out of three
will meet together?
(i) How many students are in the class?
(v) What is the second stair where any two out of
(ii) What is the highest prime number used by three will meet together?
student?
Sol :
(iii) What is the least prime number used by students ?
(i) Amar will reach up to 93th stairs then he will go
(iv) Which prime number has been used maximum for 5 stairs up and 2 stairs down hence covering 96
times ? stairs. Since 100th stair is final, so he will not cover
(v) Which prime number has been used minimum more stairs. Akbar will reach up to 95th stair, since
times ? 100th stair is final, so he will not cover more stairs.
Anthony will reach up to 91th stairs, since 100th stair
Sol :
is final, so she will not cover more stairs. Thus amar
(i) Prime factorization of 173250, reaches the nearest point.
173250 = 2 # 3 # 3 # 5 # 5 # 5 # 7 # 11 (ii) We find the LCM of 3, 5, and 7.
It includes 8 numbers. Number 2 has been LCM (3, 5, 7) =105th stair.
used by Shalvi. Remaining 7 numbers have
Since, total stairs are 100, they all cannot
been by 7 students.
meet in between on same stair.
(ii) Highest prime factor included in
(iii) Amar will take ( 1003 = 33.33) 32 steps to reach to
factorization of 173250 is 11.
96th stair, Akbar will take ( 1005 = 20) 19 steps to reach
(iii) Least prime factor included in factorization of to 9th stairs and Anthony will take ( 1007 = 14.22) 13
173250 is 2. But 2 is used by Shalvi, thus next least steps to reach 91th stairs.
prime number used by students is 3.
(iv) Since LCM(3, 5)=15 ; LCM(5, 7)=35 ; LCM(3,
(iv) Number 5 has been used 3 times which is 7)=21. Since, 15 is the smallest so Amar and Akbar
maximum. will meet for the first time on 15th stair.
(v) Number 7 has been used only one time. (v) As already calculated in (iii), LCM(3, 7) =21
96. Amar, Akbar and Anthony are playing a game. Amar 97. Lavanya wants to organize her birthday party. She
climbs 5 stairs and gets down 2 stairs in one turn. is very happy on her birthday. She is very health
Akbar goes up by 7 stairs and comes down by 2 stairs conscious, thus she decided to serve fruits only in her
every time. Anthony goes 10 stairs up and 3 stairs birthday party.
down each time.
Doing this they have to reach to the nearest point

of 100th stairs and they will stop once they find it
impossible to go forward. They can not cross 100th
stair in anyway. She has 36 apples and 60 bananas at home and decided
(i) Who reaches the nearest point? to serve them. She wants to distribute fruits among
guests. She does not want to discriminate among
(ii) How many times can they meet in between on
guests, so she decided to distribute fruits equally Delhi. Several regiments of the army, navy, and air
among all. force, along with their bands, march to India Gate.
The parade is presided over by the President of India,
who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed
Forces. As he unfurls the tricolour, the national anthem
is played. The regiments of the Armed Forces then
start their march past. Prestigious awards like Kirti
Chakra, Ashok Chakra, Paramvir Chakra and Vir
Chakra are given out by the President. Nine to twelve
different regiments of the Indian Army, in addition
to the Navy and Air Force march toward India Gate
along with their bands. Contingents of paramilitary
forces and other civil forces also participate in the
parade.
(i) How many maximum guests Lavanya can invite?

(ii) How many apples and bananas will each guest
get?
(iii) Lavanya decide to add 42 mangoes also. In this
case how many maximum guests Lavanya can
invite ?
(iv) How many total fruits will each guest get?
(v) If Lavanya decide to add 3 more mangoes and
remove 6 apple in total fruits, in this case how On 71th republic day parade, captain RS Meel is
many maximum guests Lavanya can invite ? planing for parade of following two group:
(a) First group of Army troops of 624 members
Sol :
behind an army band of 32 members.
(i) In this case we need to calculate
(b) Second group of CRPF troops with 468 soldiers
HCF (36, 60) =12.
behind the 228 members of bikers.
Thus fruits will be equally distributed among
These two groups are to march in the same number
12 guests.
of columns. This sequence of soldiers is followed by
(ii) Out of 36 apples, each guest will get 1236 = 3
different states Jhanki which are showing the culture
apples and out of 60 bananas, each guest will get
of the respective states.
5 = 12 bananas.
60
(iii) In this case we need to calculate HCF (36, 42, (i) What is the maximum number of columns in
60) =6. which the army troop can march?
Thus fruits will be equally distributed among 6 guests. (ii) What is the maximum number of columns in
(iv) Out of 36 apples, each guest will get 366 = 6 which the CRPF troop can march?
apples and out of 42 mangoes, each guest will get (iii) What is the maximum number of columns in
6 = 7 mangoes, out of 60 bananas, each guest
42
which total army troop and CRPF troop together
will get 606 = 10 bananas. Thus each guest will get can march past?
6 + 7 + 12 = 25 fruits.
(iv) What should be subtracted with the numbers of
(v) Now Lavanya has 30 apples, 60 bananas, and 45 CRPF soldiers and the number of bikers so that
mangoes. HCF (30, 45, 60) = 15. Thus Lavanya can their maximum number of column is equal to the
invite 15 guest. maximum number of column of army troop?
98. The Republic Day parade, first held in 1950, has (v) What should be added with the numbers of
been a yearly ritual since. The parade marches from CRPF soldiers and the number of bikers so that
the Rashtrapati Bhawan along the Rajpath in New their maximum number of column is equal to the
maximum number of column of army troop?
Sol : student, we need 504 pieces of jam. Hence, we need

(i) We will find the HCF (624, 32) = 16 6 = 84 i.e. 84 packets of jam.
504
(ii) We will find the HCF (228, 468) = 12. (iv) For hospital, we need 3x packets of bread i.e.
According to the question, we have to find out 3 # 63 = 189 packets of bread.
HCF(624, 32, 228, 468) = 4 (v) Since, number of bread pieces are 189 # 8 = 1512
(iii) Alternatively we can find, , so we need same number of jam pieces. Hence
1512
6 = 252 packets of jam are distributed in the hospital.
HCF (16, 12) = 4
(iv) Maximum number of column of army troop is 16. 100. Mahesh works as a manager in a hotel. He has to
But 228 and 468 are not divisible by 16. If we subtract arrange chairs in hall for a function. The hall has a
4 from 228 and 468, both(224 and 464) are divisible certain number of chairs. Guests want to sit in different
by 16. groups like in pairs, triplets, quadruplets, fives and
(v) Maximum number of column of army troop is 16. sixes etc. Mahesh want to arrange chairs in such a way
But 228 and 468 are not divisible by 16. If we add 12 that there are no chair left after arrangement.
in 228 and 468, both(240 and 480) are divisible by 16.
99. Ashish supplies bread and jams to a hospital and a

school. Bread and jam are supplied in equal number
of pieces. Bread comes in a packet of 8 pieces and Jam
comes in a pack of 6 pieces.
When Mahesh arranges chairs in such pattern like in

2’s, 3’s, 4’s 5’s and 6’s then 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 chairs are
On a particular day, Ashish has supplied x packets of left respectively. But when he arranges in 11’s, no
bread and y packets of jam to the school. On the chair will be left.
same day, Ashish has supplied 3x packets of bread
(i) In the hall, how many chairs are available?
along with sufficient packets of jam to hospital. It is
known that the number of students in the school are (ii) If one chair is removed, which arrangement
between 500 and 550. is possible now?
(i) How many students are there in school? (iii) If one chair is added to the total number of chairs,
how many chairs will be left when arranged in
(ii) How many packets of bread are supplied
11’s.
in the school?
(iv) How many chairs will be left in original arrangement
(iii) How many packets of jams are supplied in the
if same number of chairs are arranged in 7’s?
school?
(v) How many chairs will be left in original
(iv) How many packets of bread are supplied in the
arrangement if same number of chairs will be
hospital?
arranged in 9’s?
(v) How many packets of jams are supplied in the
Sol :
hospital?
(i) By dividing all the options by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 11,
Sol : we will get that 539 is the only option which leaves
(i) First we will find LCM (8, 6) =24. Now we will remainder 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0 respectively.
find a multiple of 24 in between 500 and 550 i.e., 504 (ii) After removing 1 chair, we are left with 538 chairs.
or 528. Thus there 504 students in school. On arranging chairs in pair of 3’s, 4’s, 5’s, 6’s, 11’s ;
(ii) For equal distribution of bread among each 1, 2, 3 ,4, 10 chairs are left. So, only pair of 2 chairs
student, we need 504 pieces of bread. Hence, we need is possible now.
8 = 63 i.e. 63 packets of bread.
504
(iii) 539 chairs are already arranged in pair of 11’s.
(iii) For equal distribution of jam pieces among each On adding 1 extra chair, that 1 chair will be left only.
(iv) 539 is divisible by 7 and remainder is zero, so

arranging chairs in pair of 7’s, no chair will be left.
(v) If 539 is divided by 9, remainder is 8, so arranging
chairs in pair of 9’s, 8 chair will be left.
***********
Chap 2 Polynomials Page 27
CHAPTER 2
Polynomials
ONE MARK QUESTIONS We have p (x) = 2x2 - 13x + 6

Comparing it with ax2 + bx + c we get a = 2 , b = - 13
and a = 6 .
1. If the sum and product of the zeroes of a quadratic
polynomial are 3 and - 10 respectively, find the Sum of zeroes a + b = - b
a
quadratic polynomial.
(- 13)
=- = 13
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] 2 2
Sum of zeroes, a+b = 3
4. If one zero of a quadratic polynomial (kx2 + 3x + k) is
and product of zeroes, ab = - 10 2, then the what is the value of k ?
Quadratic polynomial, Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
p (x) = x2 - (a + b) + ab We have 2
p (x) = kx + 3x + k
2
= x - 3x - 10 Since, 2 is a zero of the quadratic polynomial
p (2) = 0
PRACTICE
2
k (2) + 3 (2) + k = 0
 Find the quadratic polynomial, the sum of whose
zeroes is - 5 and their product is 6. 4k + 6 + k = 0
[Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
5k = - 6 & k = - 6
Ans : x2 + 5x + 6 5
PRACTICE
2. If the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial  If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 3x + k
kx2 + 2x + 3k is equal to their product, then what is is 2, then the what is the value of k ?
the value of k ? [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]

Ans : - 10
We have p (x) = kx2 + 2x + 3k

Comparing it byax2 + bx + c , we get a = k , b = 2 5. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
and c = 3k . ^k - 1h x2 + kx + 1 is - 3 , then what is the value of k ?
Sum of zeroes, a + b =-b =- 2 Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2013]
a k
If a is zero of quadratic polynomial f ^x h , then
Product of zeroes, ab = c = 3k = 3
a k f â h = 0
According to question, we have
So, f ^- 3h = ^k - 1h^- 3h2 + ^- 3h k + 1
a + b = ab
0 = ^k - 1h^9 h - 3k + 1
- 2 = 3 & k =- 2
k 3 0 = 9k - 9 - 3k + 1
3. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial 0 = 6k - 8

2x2 - 13x + 6 , then what is the value of a + b ?
k =8 =4
6 3
Page 28 Polynomials Chap 2
PRACTICE  In given figure, the graph of a polynomial p (x) is

 Find the value of k if - 1 is a zero of the polynomial shown. Calculate the number of zeroes of p (x).
p ^x h = kx2 - 4x + k .
[ Board Term-1 2012]
Ans : - 2
6. If one zero of the polynomial (3x2 + 8x + k) is the

reciprocal of the other, then what is the value of k ?
Let the zeroes be a and 1 .

a
Product of zeroes,
a$ 1 = constant
a coefficient of x2
1 =k & k =3
3
7. The graph of a polynomial is shown in Figure. What
is the number of its zeroes?
[Board Term-1 2013]

Ans : 1
8. What is the value of x , for which the polynomials

x2 - 1 and x2 - 2x + 1 vanish simultaneously?
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2011]
Both expression ^x - 1h^x + 1h and

^x - 1h^x - 1h have 1 as zero. This both
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] vanish if x = 1.
Since, the graph cuts the x -axis at 3 points, the Thus (d) is correct option.
number of zeroes of polynomial p (x) is 3.
9. If a and b are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
PRACTICE f ^x h = x2 - x - 4 , then what is the value of a1 + b1 - ab?
 The graph of y = p (x), where p (x) is a polynomial Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2017]
in variable x , is as follows. We have f ^x h = x - x - 4

2
a + b = - - 1 = 1 and ab = - 4 - 4
1 1
1 1 a+b
Now + - ab = - ab
a b ab
= - 1 + 4 = 15
4 4
PRACTICE
 If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial

x2 + 2x + 1, then what is the value of a1 + 1b ?
Ans : - 2
The number of zeroes of p (x) is .......... .
[Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Ans : 5
10. What is the lowest value of x2 + 4x + 2 ? p (x) = 4x2 - 12x + 9

Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2013] = 4x2 - 6x - 6x + 9
We have x2 + 4x + 2 = ^x2 + 4x + 4h - 2 = 2x (2x - 3) - 3 (2x - 3)
= ^x + 2h2 - 2 = (2x - 3) (2x - 3)
Here ^x + 2h2 is always positive and its lowest
Substituting p (x) = 0 , and solving we get x = 32 , 3
value is zero. Thus lowest value of ^x + 2h2 - 2 2
is - 2 when x + 2 = 0 . x = 3, 3
2 2
11. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial Hence, zeroes of the polynomial are 32 , 32 .
f ^x h = 2x3 - 3kx2 + 4x - 5 is 6, then what is the value
of k 15. If sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
3x2 - kx + 6 is 3, then find the value of k .
Sol : [Board 2009]
Sum of the zeroes, 6 = 3k 2
2 We have p (x) = 3x - kx - 6
k = 12 = 4 Sum of the zeroes = 3 = - coefficient of x2
3 coefficient of x
12. If the square of difference of the zeroes of the quadratic ^- k h
Thus 3 =- & k =9
polynomial x2 + px + 45 is equal to 144, then what is 3
the value of p ? 16. If - 1 is a zero of the polynomial f (x) = x2 - 7x - 8 ,
Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2014]
then calculate the other zero.
We have f ^x h = x2 + px + 45 Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2015]
-p We have f ^x h = x - 7x - 8
2
Then, a+b = =- p
1 Let other zero be k , then we have
and ab = 45 = 45 Sum of zeroes, - 1 + k = -b - 7 l = 7
1 1
According to given condition, we have or k =8
â - b h2 = 144
â + b h2 - 4ab = 144 17. If zeroes of the polynomial x2 + 4x + 2a are a and 2 ,
a
then find the value of a .
^- p h2 - 4 ^45h = 144
p2 = 144 + 180 = 324 & p = ! 18 Product of (zeroes) roots,
c = 2a = a 2
13. Find a quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes are - 3 a 1 #a =2
and 4 ?
or, 2a = 2
Sol : [Board 2010]
Thus a =1
We have a = - 3 and b = 4 .
Sum of zeros a + b =- 3 + 4 = 1 18. Find all the zeroes of f ^x h = x2 - 2x .
Product of zeros, a $ b = - 3 # 4 = - 12 Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
So, the quadratic polynomial is We have f ^x h = x - 2x

2
x - â + b h x + ab = x - 1 # x + ^- 12h
2 2
= x ^x - 2h
2
= x - x - 12 Substituting f (x) = 0 , and solving we get
2 x = 0, 2 Hence, zeroes are 0 and 2.
= x -x -6
2 2 19. Find the condition that zeroes of polynomial
14. Calculate the zeroes of the polynomial p ^x h = ax2 + bx + c are reciprocal of each other.
p ^x h = 4x2 - 12x + 9. Sol : [ Board Term-1 2012]
Sol : [Board Term-1 2010] We have p ^x h = ax + bx + c

2
PRACTICE
Let a and 1 be the zeroes of p ^x h , then
a  Divide the polynomial (4x2 + 4x + 5) by (2x + 1)
Product of zeroes, and write the quotient and the remainder.
c =a 1 c
a # a = 1 or a = 1 [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Ans : 2x + 1 and 4
So, required condition is, c = a
20. Find the values of a and b , if they are the zeroes of  Divide the polynomial (9x2 + 12x + 10) by (3x + 2)
polynomial x2 + ax + b . and write the quotient and the remainder.
Sol : [ Board Term-1 2013]
Ans : 3x + 2 and 6
We have p (x) = x2 + ax + b
Since a and b , are the zeroes of polynomial,
 Divide (2x2 - x + 3) by (2 - x) and write the
we get,
quotient and the remainder.
Product of zeroes, ab = b & a = 1 [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Sum of zeroes, a + b = - a & b = - 2a = - 2 Ans : - 2x - 2 and 9
21. What are the zeroes of the polynomial

x2 - 3x - m (m + 3) ?
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
2
We have p (x) = x - 3x - m (m + 3)
23. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
Substituting x = - m in p (x) we have
3 x2 - 8x + 4 3 .
p (- m) = (- m) 2 - 3 (- m) - m (m + 3)
= m 2 + 3m - m 2 - 3m = 0 We have p ^x h = 2
3 x - 8x + 4 3
Thus x = - m is a zero of given polynomial. = 3 x2 - 6x - 2x + 4 3
Now substituting x = m + 3 in given polynomial we
= 3 x ^x - 2 3 h - 2 ^x - 2 3 h
have
p (x) = (m + 3) 2 - 3 (m + 3) - m (m + 3) = ^ 3 x - 2h^x - 2 3 h
= (m + 3) [m + 3 - 3 - m] Substituting p (x) = 0 , we have
= (m + 3) [0] = 0 ^ 3 x - 2h^x - 2 3 h p (x) = 0

Thus x = m + 3 is also a zero of given polynomial. Solving we get x = 2
3
, 2 3
Hence, - m and m + 3 are the zeroes of given Hence, zeroes are 2 and 2 3 .
polynomial. 3
24. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of
22. Divide the polynomial 16x2 + 24x + 15 by (4x + 3) whose zeroes are 6 and 9 respectively. Hence find the
and write the quotient and the remainder. zeroes.
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Sol : [ Board Term-1 2016]
2
We divide the polynomial 16x + 24x + 15 by (4x + 3) Sum of zeroes, a+b = 6
as shown follows.
Product of zeroes ab = 9
4x + 3
g
2
Now p (x) = x - (a + b) x + ab
4x + 3 16x2 + 24x + 15
16x2 + 12x Thus = x2 - 6x + 9
12x + 15 Thus quadratic polynomial is x2 - 6x + 9 .
12x + 9 Now p (x) = x2 - 6x + 9 = ^x - 3h^x - 3h
6 Substituting p (x) = 0 , we get x = 3, 3
Hence, quotient is 4x + 3 and remainder is 6. Hence zeroes are 3, 3.
25. Form a quadratic polynomial p ^x h with 3 and - 2 as 27. If a and b are the zeroes of a polynomial x2 - 4 3 x + 3,
5 then find the value of a + b - ab .
sum and product of its zeroes, respectively.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] Sol : [ Board Term-1 2015]
2
Sum of zeroes, a+b = 3 We have p (x) = x - 4 3 x + 3
Product of zeroes ab = - 2 If a and b are the zeroes of x2 - 4 3 x + 3 , then

5
^- 4 3 h
Now p (x) = x2 - (a + b) x + ab Sum of zeroes, a + b =-b =-
a 1
= x2 - 3x - 2 or, a+b = 4 3
5
= 1 ^5x2 - 15x - 2h Product of zeroes ab = c = 3
5 a 1
The required quadratic polynomial is 15 ^5x2 - 15x - 2h or, ab = 3
Now a + b - ab = 4 3 - 3 .
PRACTICE
 Find the quadratic polynomial whose sum and 28. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
f ^x h = 14x2 - 42k2 x - 9 is negative of the other, find
product of the zeroes are 21 and 5 respectively. the value of ‘k ’.
8 16
^16x - 42x + 5h Sol :
1 2 [ Board Term-1 2012]
Ans : 16
We have f ^x h = 14x - 42k x - 9
2 2
Let one zero be a , then other zero will be - a .

If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial
Sum of zeroes a + ^- ah = 0 .
26.
f (x) = 5x2 - 7x + 1 then find the value of ` ab + ab j
Thus sum of zero will be 0.
Since, a and b are the zeroes of the quadratic Sum of zeroes 0 = - Coefficient of x2
Coefficient of x
polynomial f (x) = 5x2 - 7x + 1, 2
0 = - 42k = - 3k2
Sum of zeros, a + b = -b - 7 l = 7 ...(1) 14
5 5
Thus k = 0 .
Product of zeros, ab = 1 ...(2)
5
2
29. If one zero of the polynomial 2x2 + 3x + l is 1
2 , find
a + b = a + b = (a + b) - 2ab
2 2
Now, the value of l and the other zero.
b a ab ab
Sol :
^5h - 2 # 5
7 2 1 [ Board Term-1 2012]
= 1
Let, the zero of 2x2 + 3x + l be 1 and b .
5 2
-
= 49 2 # 5 = 39 1b = l
5 5 Product of zeroes c ,
a 2 2
PRACTICE or, b =l
 If m and n are the zeroes of the polynomial and sum of zeroes - b , 1 + b = - 3
a 2 2
3x2 + 11x - 4 , find the value of m + n . 3 1
n m or b =- - =- 2
[ Board Term-1 2012] 2 2
Ans : - 145 Hence l = b =- 2
12
Thus other zero is - 2 .
 If p and q are the zeroes of polynomial
f ^x h = 2x2 - 7x + 3 , find the value of p2 + q2 . 30. Find the value of k such that the polynomial
x2 - ^k + 6h x + 2 ^2k + 1h has sum of its zeros equal to
Ans : 37 half of their product.
4
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
Let a and b be the roots of given quadratic equation

x2 - ^k + 6h x + 2 ^2k + 1h = 0 a + b = - 8- ^k - 6hB = k - 6
- ^k + 6h
Now sum of roots,. a + b =- ab = 2 ^2k - 1h
1
= k+6 Now a + b = 1 ab
2
2 ^2k + 1h 2 ^2k - 1h
Product of roots, ab =
1 Thus k+6 =
2
= 2 ^2k + 1h
or, k - 6 = 2k - 1
According to given condition,
k =- 5
a + b = 1 ab Hence the value of k is - 5 .
2
k + 6 = 1 62 ^2k + 1h@ PRACTICE
2
k + 6 = 2k + 1 & k = 5  If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial
f ^x h = x2 - 6x + k , find the value of k , such that
Hence, the value of k is 5.
a2 + b2 = 40 .
31. If the zeroes of the polynomial x2 + px + q are double [ Board Term-1 2015]
in value to the zeroes of 2x2 - 5x - 3 , find the value Ans : - 2

of p and q .
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012 ]
33. On dividing x3 - 5x2 + 6x + 4 by a polynomial g (x),
We have f ^x h = 2x - 5x - 3
2
the quotient and the remainder were x - 3 and 4
Let the zeroes of polynomial be a and b , then respectively. Find g (x).
Sum of zeroes a+b = 5 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]

2
We have x - 5x + 6x + 4 = g ^x h^x - 3h + 4
3 2
Product of zeroes ab = - 3 3 2
2 g ^x h = x - 5x + 6x + 4 - 4
According to the question, zeroes of x2 + px + q are x-3
3 2
2a and 2b . or, g ^x h = x - 5x + 6x
-p x-3
Sum of zeros, 2a + 2b =
1 Now we divide x3 - 5x2 + 6x by x - 3 as follows.
2 â + bh = - p x2 - 2x
Substituting a + b = 52 we have g
x - 3 x3 - 5x2 + 6x
2 # 5 =- p x3 - 3x2
2
- 2x2 + 6x
or p =- 5
2x2 + 6x
q
Product of zeroes, 2a2b =
1 Hence g ^x h = x - 2x . 2
0
4ab = q 34. Find the quotient and remainder on dividing p ^x h by
Substituting ab = - 32 we have g ^x h :
4 # -3 = q p ^x h = 4x3 + 8x2 + 8x + 7; g ^x h = 2x2 - x + 1

2
-6 = q 3 2 2
Dividing 4x + 8x + 8x + 7 by 2x - x + 1 we have
Thus p = - 5 and q = - 6 .
2x + 5
32. If a and b are zeroes of x2 - ^k - 6h x + 2 ^2k - 1h , find g
2x2 - x + 1 4x3 + 8x2 + 8x + 7
the value of k if a + b = 12 ab . 4x3 - 2x2 + 2x
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013] 10x2 + 6x + 7
We have p (x) = x2 - ^k - 6h x + 2 ^2k - 1h 10x2 - 5x + 7
Since a , b are the zeroes of polynomial p (x), we get 11x + 2
Thus p (x) (2x + 5) (2x2 - x + 1) + 11x + 2 Since remainder is 14 to make it zero, - 14 should be
added.
Thus, Quotient q (x) = 2x + 5
and Remainder r (x) = 11x + 2 PRACTICE
 What should be added in the polynomial

35. Check whether the polynomial g ^x h = x2 + 3x + 1 is a
x3 + 2x2 - 9x + 1 so that it is completely divisible
factor of the polynomial f ^x h = 3x 4 + 5x3 - 7x2 + 2x + 4. by x + 47 .
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] [Board Term-1 2015]
4 3 2 2
Dividing 3x + 5x - 7x + 2x + 4 by x + 3x + 1 we Ans : - 5
have
3x2 - 4x + 2
g
x + 3x + 1 3x 4 + 5x3 - 7x2 + 2x + 4
2  What should added to the polynomial
x3 - 3x2 + 6x - 15 so that it is completely divisible
3x 4 + 9x3 + 3x2 by x - 3.
- 4x3 - 10x2 + 2x [ Board Term-1 2016]
3
- 4x - 12x - 4x 2 Ans : - 3
2
2x + 6x + 4
2x2 + 6x + 2
38. If x3 - 6x2 + 6x + k is completely divisible by x - 3 ,
2 then find the value of k .
Since remainder is not zero, polynomial Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
g ^x h = x2 + 3x + 1 is not a factor of the polynomial 3 2
Dividing x - 6x + 6x + k by x - 3 we have
f ^x h = 3x 4 + 5x3 - 7x2 + 2x + 4 .
x2 - 3x - 3
36. What should be added to x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3 so that it
is completely divisible by x2 + 2x .
g
x - 3 x3 - 6x2 + 6x + k
x3 - 3x2
- 3x2 + 6x + k
3 2 2
Dividing x + 5x + 7x + 3 by x + 2x we have
- 3x2 + 9x
x+3
g
- 3x + k
x 2 + 2x x 3 + 5x 2 + 7 x + 3
- 3x + 9
x 3 + 2x 2
k-9
3x2 + 7x + 3 Remainder should be zero, thus
3x2 + 6x k-9 = 0
x+3 So, k =9
Thus if we add - (x + 3) remainder will be zero 39. Divide the polynomial p ^x h = x3 - 4x + 6 by the
and x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3 will be completely divisible by polynomial g ^x h = 2 - x2 and find the quotient and
x2 + 2x . the remainder.
37. What should be added in the polynomial Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
x3 - 6x2 + 11x + 8 so that is completely divisible by Dividing x3 - 4x + 6 by 2 - x2 we have
x2 - 3x + 2 ?
-x
Sol :
3 2 2
[Board Term-1 2015]
g
- x2 - 2 x3 - 4x + 6
Dividing x - 6x + 11x + 8 by x - 3x + 2 we have x3 - 2x
x-3
g
- 2x + 6
x2 - 3x + 2 x3 - 6x2 + 11x + 8
x3 - 3x2 + 2x Thus, Quotient = - x
2
- 3x + 9x + 8 and Remainder = 6 - 2x
2
- 3x + 9x - 6
14
PRACTICE or p ^3 h = 0
 Divide the polynomial p ^x h = x2 - 5x + 16 by the
p b 1 l = 2 b 1 l - 11 b 1 l + 17 b 1 l - 6
3 2
1
(3)
polynomial g ^x h = x - 2 and find the quotient 2 2 2 2 2
and the remainder.
= 1 - 11 + 17 - 6
[Board Term-1 2015] 4 4 2
Ans : Quotient = x - 3, 1
or pb l = 0
Remainder = 10 2
Hence, 2, 3, and 1
2 are the zeroes of p ^x h .
42. If the sum and product of the zeroes of the polynomial

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS ax2 - 5x + c are equal to 10 each, find the value of 'a'
and 'c' .
40. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
reciprocals of the zeroes of the polynomial We have f ^x h = ax - 5x + c

2
f (x) = ax2 + bx + c , a ! 0 , c ! 0 . Let the zeroes of f ^x h be a and b , then,

Sum of zeroes a + b =--5 = 5
a a
Let a and b be zeros of the given polynomial
ax2 + bx + c . Product of zeroes ab = c
a
a + b = - b and ab = c According to question, the sum and product of the
a a
zeroes of the polynomial f ^x h are equal to 10 each.
Let a1 and 1b be the zeros of new polynomial then we
Thus 5 = 10 ...(1)
have a
b+a
Sum of zeros, s = 1 +1 = and c = 10 ...(2)
a b ab a
= -c a = - b
b
Dividing (2) by eq. (1) we have
a c
c =1 &c=5
Product of zeros, p = 1 $ 1 = 1 = a 5
a b ab c
Substituting c = 5 in (2) we get a = 12
Required polynomial,
Hence a = 1
2 and c = 5 .
g (x) = x2 - sx + p
If one the zero of a polynomial 3x2 - 8x + 2k + 1 is
g (x) = x2 + b x + a
43.
c c seven times the other, find the value of k .
cg (x) = cx2 + bx + a Sol : [ Board Term-1 2011]
f ^x h = 3x - 8x + 2k + 1
2
gl (x) = cx + bx + a We have 2
Let a and b be the zeroes of the polynomial, then

41. Verify whether 2, 3 and 12 are the zeroes of the
polynomial p ^x h = 2x3 - 11x2 + 17x - 6 . b = 7a
Sol : [ Board Term-1 2013 ] Sum of zeroes, a + b = - b- 8 l

1
3
If 2, 3 and 2 are the zeroes of the polynomial p (x), 8
then these must satisfy p (x) = 0 a + 7a = 8a =
3
(1) 2, p ^x h = 2x2 - 11x2 + 17x - 6 So a = 1
3
p ^2 h = 2 ^2 h3 - 11 ^2 h2 + 17 ^2 h - 6
Product of zeroes, a # 7a = 2k + 1
= 16 - 44 + 34 - 6 3
= 50 - 50 7a2 = 2k + 1
3
p ^2 h = 0 7b l = + 1
1 2 k
2
or
3 3
(2) 3, p ^3 h = 2 ^3 h3 - 11 ^3 h2 + 17 ^3 h - 6
7# = +1
1 2 k
= 54 - 99 + 51 - 6 = 105 - 105 9 1
7 - 1 = 2k Thus quadratic equation is

3
x2 - (a + b) x + ab = 0
4 = 2k & k = 2
3 3 x2 - (- 3) x + 2 = 0
44. Quadratic polynomial 2x2 - 3x + 1 has zeroes as a x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
and b . Now form a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes Thus quadratic equation is x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 .
are 3a and 3b .
Now above equation can be written as
x2 + 2x + x + 2 = 0
We have f ^x h = 2x - 3x + 1
2
x (x + 2) + (x + 2) = 0
If a and b are the zeroes of 2x2 - 3x + 1, then
(x + 2) (x + 1) = 0
Sum of zeroes a + b = -b = 3 Hence, zeroes are - 2 and - 1.
a 2
Product of zeroes ab = = c 1
a 2 47. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
New quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 3a and 6x2 - 3 - 7x and verify the relationship between the
zeroes and the coefficients.
3b is,
p (x) = x2 - ^3a + 3bh x + 3a×3b
2
We have p (x) = 6x - 3 - 7x
= x2 - 3 â + bh x + 9ab
For zeroes of polynomial, p (x) = 0 ,
= x - 3b 3 lx + 9b 1 l
2
6x2 - 7x - 3 = 0
2 2
9 9 6x2 - 9x + 2x - 3 = 0
= x2 - x +
2 2 3x (2x - 3) + 1 (2x - 3) = 0
= 1 ^2x2 - 9x + 9h (2x - 3) (3x + 1) = 0
2
Hence, required quadratic polynomial is 12 ^2x2 - 9x + 9h Thus 2x - 3 = 0 and 3x + 1 = 0
Hence x = 3 and x = - 1
45. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial 2 3
f (x) = x2 - 4x - 5 then find the value of a2 + b2 Therefore a = 2 and b = - 13 are the zeroes of the
3
given polynomial.
2 Verification :
We have p (x) = x - 4x - 5
Sum of zeroes, a + b = 3 + b- 1 l = 3 - 1 = 7
Comparing it by ax2 + bx + c , we get a = 1, b = - 4 2 3 2 3 6
and c = - 5 = - coefficient of x2
Since, given a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial, coefficient of x
- (- 4) and product of zeroes
Sum of zeroes, a + b =-b = =4
a 1
ab = b 3 lb- 1 l = - 1
2 3 2
and product of zeroes, ab = c = - 5 = - 5
a 1
= constant term2
Now, 2 2 2
a + b = (a + b) - 2ab coefficient of x
= (4) 2 - 2 (- 5) PRACTICE
= 16 + 10 = 26  Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial

x2 + 7x + 10 , and verify the relationship between
46. Find the quadratic polynomial, the sum and product the zeroes and the coefficients.
of whose zeroes are - 3 and 2 respectively. Hence find [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
the zeroes. Ans : - 2 and - 5
Sum of zeroes a + b =- 3 ...(1)

48. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
and product of zeroes ab = 2
x2 + â + 1h x + b are 2 and - 3 , then find the value
of a and b . If 12 and -23 are the zeroes of the polynomial p (x),

then these must satisfy p (x) = 0
If a is zero of the polynomial, then f â h = 0 . pb 1 l = 4b 1 l + 4b 1 l - 3
2 4 2
Here, 2 and - 3 are zeroes of the polynomial
= 1+2-3 = 0
x2 + â + 1h x + b
So, f ^2 h = ^2 h2 + â + 1h (- 3) + b = 0 and p b- 3 l = 4 b 9 l + 4 b- 3 l - 3
2 2 2
4 + 2a + 2 + b = 0 = 9-6-3 = 0
6 + 2a + b = 0
Thus 1 , - 3 are zeroes of polynomial 4x2 + 4x - 3 .
2 2
2a + b = - 6 ...(1)
Sum of zeroes = 1 - 3 = - 1 = - 4
Again, f ^- 3h = ^- 3h + â + 1h 2 + b = 0
2 2 2 4
Coefficient of x
9 - 3 â + 1h + b = 0 =-
Coefficient of x2
9 - 3a - 3 + b = 0
Product of zeroes = b 1 lb- 3 l = - 3
2 2 4
6 - 3a + b = 0
= Constan term 2 Verified
- 3a + b = - 6 Coefficient of x
3a - b = 6 ...(2)
51. A teacher asked 10 of his students to write a polynomial
Adding equations (1) and (2), we get in one variable on a paper and then to handover the
5a = 0 & a = 0 paper. The following were the answers given by the
Substituting value of a in equation (1), we get students :
b =- 6 2x + 3 , 3x2 + 7x + 2 , 4x3 + 3x2 + 2 , x3 + 3x + 7,
7x + 7 , 5x3 - 7x + 2 , 2x2 + 3 - x5 , 5x - 12 ,
Hence, a = 0 and b = - 6 . 3 2
ax + bx + cx + d , x + x .
1
49. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial 6y2 - 7y + 2, Answer the following question :
find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are a1 and 1b . (i) How many of the above ten, are not
polynomials?
(ii) How many of the above ten, are quadratic polyno-
We have p ^y h = 6y - 7y + 2
2
mials?
Sum of zeroes a + b = - b- 7 l = 7 Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]

6 6
(i) x3 + 3x + 7, 2x2 + 3 - 5 and x + 1 are not poly-
2 1 x x
Product of zeroes ab = = nomials.
6 3
Sum of zeroes of new polynomial g (y) (ii) 3x2 + 7x + 2 is only one quadratic polynomial.
7
1 +1 = a+b = 6
=7 52. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
a b ab 2
6
2 5x2 + 8x - 4 and verify the relationship between the
and product of zeroes of new polynomial g (y), zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
1 1 = 1 =1=3 Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
a#b ab 1
p ^x h = 5x + 8x - 4 = 0
3 2
We have
The required polynomial is
= 5x2 + 10x - 2x - 4 = 0
g (x) = y2 - 7 y + 3 = 1 62y2 - 7y + 6@
2 2 = 5x ^x + 2h - 2 ^x + 2h = 0
50. Show that 12 and -23 are the zeroes of the polynomial = ^x + 2h^5x - 2h
4x2 + 4x - 3 and verify relationship between zeroes Substituting p (x) = 0 we get zeroes as - 2 and 25 .
and coefficients of the polynomial.
Verification :
We have p ^x h = 4x2 + 4x - 3 Sum of zeroes = - 2 + 2 = - 8

5 5
Product of zeroes = ^- 2h # b 2 l = - 4 - 56
= -5 # 6 = 5
=
5 5 - 16 6 -1
Now from polynomial we have -1 -1 -1
Hence a + b + g = 5 .
Sum of zeroes - b = - Coefficient of x2 = - 8
a Coefficient of x 5 55. When p ^x h = x2 + 7x + 9 is divisible by g ^x h , we
Product of zeroes c = Constan term 2 = - 4 get ^x + 2h and - 1 as the quotient and remainder
a Coefficient of x 5 respectively, find g ^x h .
Hence Verified. Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
PRACTICE We have p ^x h = x + 7x + 9
2
 Find the zeroes of the quadratic q ^x h = x + 2

polynomial x2 - 2 2 x and verify the r ^x h = - 1
relationship between the zeroes and the
coefficients of the polynomial. Now p ^x h = g ^x h q ^x h + r ^x h
[Board Term-1 2015] x + 7x + 9 = g ^x h^x + 2h - 1
2
Ans : 0 and 2 2 2
or, g ^x h = x + 7x + 10
x+2
^x + 2h^x + 5h
If a and b are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial = = x+5
53.
^x + 2h
such that a + b = 24 and a - b = 8 . Find the
Thus g ^x h = x + 5
quadratic polynomial having a and b as its zeroes.
Sol : [Board 2009] 56. Find the value for k for which x 4 + 10x3 + 25x2 + 15x + k
We have a + b = 24 ...(1) is exactly divisible by x + 7 .
a-b = 8 ...(2) Sol : [Board Term 2010]
Adding equations (1) and (2) we have We have f ^x h = x + 10x + 25x + 15x + k
4 3 2
2a = 32 & a = 16 If x + 7 is a factor then - 7 is a zero of f ^x h and

x = - 7 satisfy f ^x h = 0 .
Subtracting (1) from (2) we have
Thus substituting x = - 7 in f (x) and equating to
2b = 16 & b = 8 zero we have,
Hence, the quadratic polynomial ^- 7h4 + 10 ^- 7h3 + 25 ^- 7h2 + 15 ^- 7h + k = 0
p (x) = x2 - â + bh x + ab 2401 - 3430 + 1225 - 105 + k = 0
= x - ^16 + 8h x + ^16h^8h
2
3626 - 3535 + k = 0
2
= x - 24x + 128 91 + k = 0
54. If a, b and g are zeroes of the polynomial k = - 91

6x3 + 3x2 - 5x + 1, then find the value of
57. On dividing the polynomial 4x 4 - 5x3 - 39x2 - 46x - 2
a-1 + b-1 + g-1 .
by the polynomial g ^x h , the quotient is
Sol : [Board 2010] x2 - 3x - 5 and the remainder is - 5x + 8 .
We have 3 2
p (x) = 6x + 3x - 5x + 1 Find the polynomial g ^x h .
Since a, b and g are zeroes polynomial p (x), we have Sol : [Board 2009]
Dividend = ^Divisor # Quotienth + Remainder

a + b + g =-b =- 3 =- 1
c 6 2
4x 4 - 5x3 - 39x3 - 46x - 2
ab + bg + ga = c = - 5 = g ^x h^x2 - 3x - 5h + ^- 5x + 8h
a 6
and abg = - d = - 1 4x2 - 5x3 - 39x2 - 46x - 2 + 5x - 8
a 6
= g ^x h^x2 - 3x - 5h
Now 1 + 1 + 1 = ab + bg + ga
a b g abg 4x 4 - 5x3 - 39x2 - 41x - 10 = g ^x h^x2 - 3x - 5h
4 3 2
g ^x h = 4x - 5x 2- 39x - 41x - 10 = (x - 5 ) (x + 5 ) (x + 3) (x + 1)
^x - 3x - 5h
Hence, all zeroes of p (x) are 5, - 5 , - 3, - 1
Hence, g ^x h = 4x2 + 7x + 2
60. Check by divisible, algorithm whether x2 - 2 is a
58. If the squared difference of the zeroes of the quadratic
factor of x 4 + x3 + x2 - 2x - 3 .
polynomial f ^x h = x2 + px + 45 is equal to 144, find
the value of p . Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
4 3 2 2
Dividing x + x + x - 2x - 3 by x - 2 we have
Sol : [Board 2008]
x2 + x + 3
g
We have f ^x h = x + px + 45
2
x - 2 x 4 + x3 + x2 - 2x - 3
2
Let a and b be the zeroes of the given quadratic

polynomial. x4 - 2x2
Sum of zeroes, a + b =- p x3 + 3x2 - 2x

x3 - 2x
Product of zeroes ab = 45
2
3x -3
Given, â - bh = 144
2
2
3x -6
â + bh - 4ab = 144
2
3
Substituting value of a + b and ab we get
Y 0 , hence x2 - 2 is not a factor
Since Remainder = 3 =
^- p h2 - 4 # 45 = 144
of the given polynomial.
p2 - 180 = 144
p2 = 144 + 180 = 324 61. Divide 6x3 + 2x2 - 4x + 3 by 3x2 - 2x + 1 and verify
the division algorithm.
Thus p = ! 324 = ! 18
Hence, the value of p is ! 18 . 3 2 2
Dividing 6x + 2x - 4x + 3 by 3x - 2x + 1 we have
2x + 2
59. Obtain all the zeroes of the polynomial
x 4 + 4x3 - 2x2 - 20x - 15 , if two of its zeroes are 5 g
3x2 - 2x + 1 6x3 + 2x2 - 4x + 3
and - 5 . 6x3 - 4x2 + 2x

6x2 - 6x + 3
We know that, if x = a is a zeroes of the polynomials 6x2 - 4x + 2

then x - a is a factor of p (x) Since 5 and - 5 are - 2x + 1
zeroes of p (x) Therefore (x - 5 ) (x + 5 ) = x2 - 5 is Quotient = 2x + 2; Remainder = - 2x + 1
a factor of p (x)
Now, we divide p (x) = x 4 + 4x3 - 2x2 - 20x - 15 by p ^x h = g ^x h q ^x h + r ^x h
g (x) = x2 - 5 to find the other zeroes of f (x) we have = ^3x2 - 2x + 1h^2x + 2h + ^- 2x + 1h
x2 + 4x + 3
g
= 6x3 - 4x2 + 2x + 6x2 - 4x + 2 - 2x + 1
x - 5 x + 4x3 - 2x2 - 20x - 15
2 4
= 6x3 + 2x2 - 4x + 3 Verified

x4 - 5x2
4x3 + 3x2 - 20x - 15 PRACTICE
3
4x - 20x  Divide the polynomial f (x) = 3x2 - x3 - 3x + 5 by
2
3x - 15 the polynomial g (x) = x - 1 - x2 and verify the
3x2
- 15 division algorithm.
0
Ans :
By division algorithm, we have
p (x) = (x2 - 5) (x2 + 4x + 3)
= (x - 5 ) (x + 5 ) (x2 + 3x + x + 3) 62. Find the value of a and b so that 8x2 + 14x3 - 2x2 + ax + b
is exactly divisible by 4x2 + 3x - 2 .
= (x - 5 ) (x + 5 ) [x (x + 3) + 1 (x + 3)]
Dividing 8x2 + 14x3 - 2x2 + ax + b by 4x2 + 3x - 2 we x 4 - x3 - 3x2 + 3x + 2 = ^x2 - x - 2h g ^x h + 2x

have
g ^x h^x2 - x - 2h = ^x 4 - x3 - 3x2 + 3x + 2h - 2x
2x2 + 2x - 1
g
4 3 2
4x + 3x - 2 8x 4 + 14x3 - 2x2 + ax + b g ^x h = x - x 2- 3x + x + 2
2
x -x-2
8x 4 + 6x3 - 4x2
Hence, g ^x h = x2 - 1
8x3 + 2x2 + ax
8x3 + 6x2 - 4x 65. If the polynomial f ^x h = 3x 4 + 3x3 - 11x2 - 5x + 10 is
- 4x2 + (a + 4) x + b completely divisible by 3x2 - 5 , find all its zeroes.
- 4x2 - 3x + 2 Sol : [Board Term-1 2013, 2011]
(a + 7) x + b - 2 Since 3x2 - 5 divides f ^x h completely, ^3x2 - 5h is a

factor of f ^x h .
For exact division, remainder must be zero, so
Thus 3x2 - 5 = 0
â + 7h x + b - 2 = 0
x2 = 5 & x = ! 5
a + 7 = 0, b - 2 = 0 3 3
x2 + x - 2
g
a = - 7, b = 2
3x - 5 3x + 3x3 - 11x2 - 5x + 10
2 4
63. On dividing a polynomial 3x3 + 4x2 + 5x - 13 by a 3x 4 - 5x2

polynomial g ^x h , the quotient and the remainder are 3x3 - 6x2 - 5x + 10
^3x + 10h and ^16x - 43h respectively. Find g ^x h .
3x3 - 5x
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] 2
- 6x + 10
Dividing 3x3 + 4x2 + 5x - 13 by ^3x + 10h we have 2
- 6x + 10
x2 - 2x + 3
g
0
3x + 10 3x3 + 4x2 - 11x + 30
Now x + x - 2 = x2 + 2x - x - 2
2
33 + 10x2
= x (x + 2) - (x + 2)
- 6x2 - 11x
- 6x2 - 20x = (x + 2) (x - 1)
9x + 30 Since ^x + x - 2h = (x + 2) (x - 1) is a factor of p ^x.h ,
2
9x + 30 thus - 2 and 1 are zeroes or p ^x h .

0 All the zeroes of p ^x h are 5, - 5 , - 2 and 1.
3 3
3x3 + 4x2 + 5x - 13 = ^3x + 10h g ^x h + ^16x - 43h 66. 24. If two zeroes of a polynomial x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3 are
g ^x h^3x + 10h = ^3x3 + 4x2 + 5x - 13h - ^16x - 43h - 1 and - 3 , then find the third zero.
Hence, g ^x h = x2 - 2x + 3 Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
64.
4 3 2
On dividing x - x - 3x + 3x + 2 by a polynomial Since - 1 and - 3 are zeros of x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3 ,
g ^x h , the quotient and the remainder are x2 - x - 2 (x + 1) and (x + 3) are factor of it and it divides it
and 2x respectively. Find g ^x h . completely.
(x + 1) (x + 3) = x2 + 4x + 3
4 3 2 2
Dividing x - x - 3x + 3x + 2 by x - x - 2 we have Dividing x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3 by = x2 + 4x + 3 we have
x+1
x2 - 1 g
g
x2 + 4x + 3 x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3
x - x - 2 x - x3 - 3x2 + x + 2
2 4
x3 + 4x2 + 3x
4 3 2
x - x - 2x x2 + 4x + 3
- x2 + x + 2 x2 + 4x + 3
- x2 + x + 2 0
0
Thus third zero is x = - 1.
Now
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS According to the question,
a2 + b2 + ab = 21
4
67. Polynomial x 4 + 7x3 + 7x2 + px + q is exactly divisible
by x2 + 7x + 12 , then find the value of p and q . a2 + b2 + 2ab - ab = 21
4
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] (a + b) 2 - ab = 21
4
4 3 2
We have f (x) = x + 7x + 7x + px + q
Substituting values we have
Now x2 + 7x + 12 = 0 -5 2 k 21
2 b 2 l -2 = 4
x + 4x + 3x + 12 = 0
x ^x + 4h + 3 ^x + 4h = 0 k = 25 - 21
2 4 4
^x + 4h^x + 3h = 0 k =4=1
x = - 4, - 3 2 4
Since f (x) = x 4 + 7x3 + 7x2 + px + q is exactly divisible Hence, k = 2
by x2 + 7x + 12 , then x = - 4 and x = - 3 must be its
zeroes and these must satisfy f (x) = 0 69. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
7y2 - 113 y - 23 and verify the relationship between the
So putting x = - 4 and x = - 3 in f (x) and equating
zeroes and the coefficients.
to zero we get
f ^- 4h : ^- 4h4 + 7 ^- 4h3 + 7 ^- 4h2 + p ^- 4h + q = 0 Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
256 - 448 + 112 - 4p + q = 0 We have 7y2 - 11 y - 2 = 0

3 3
2
- 4p + q - 80 = 0 21y - 11y - 2 = 0 ...(1)
2
4p - q = - 80 ...(1) 21y - 14y + 3y - 2 = 0
f (- 3) : ^- 3h4 + 7 ^- 3h3 + 7 ^- 3h2 + p ^- 3h + q = 0 7y (3y - 2) + (3y - 2) = 0
81 - 189 + 63 - 3p + q = 0 (3y - 2) (7y + 1) = 0
- 3p + q - 45 = 0 y = 2 , -1
3 7
3p - q = - 45 ...(2) Hence, zeros of given polynomial are,
Subtracting equation (2) from (1) we have y = 2 and y = - 1
3 7
p = - 35 Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0
Substituting the value of p in equation (1) we have we get a = 21, b = - 11 and c = - 2
4 ^- 35h - q = - 80 Now, sum of roots, a + b = 2 + b- 1 l
3 7
- 140 - q = - 80 2 1
= - = 11
- q = 140 - 80 3 7 21
or - q = 60 Thus a + b =-b Hence verified

a
q = - 60 and product of roots, ab = 2 # b- 1 l = - 2
3 7 21
Hence, p = - 35 and q = - 60 . c
Thus ab = Hence verified
a
68. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial
70. If a and b are the zeroes of polynomial
p ^x h = 2x2 + 5x + k satisfying the relation,
p ^x h = 3x2 + 2x + 1, find the polynomial whose zeroes
a2 + b2 + ab = 214 , then find the value of k .
1-b
are 1 - a and .
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] 1+a 1+b
Sol :
p ^x h = 2x + 5x + k
2 [Board Term-1 2010, 2012]
We have
We have p ^x h = 3x2 + 2x + 1
Sum of zeroes, a + b = - b = -b 5 l
a 2 Since a and b are the zeroes of polynomial 3x2 + 2x + 1
Product of zeroes ab = c = k , we have
a 2
a + b =- 2 or, 1 = 6
3 a+1
and ab = 1 a+1 = 6
3
Let a 1 and b 1 be zeros of new polynomial a =5
q (x). Substituting this value of a in (1) we get
Then for q (x), sum of the zeroes, b2 + 1
= - 61 = - 61
1-b b 30
a1 + b1 = 1 - a + 52 + 5
1+a 1+b 2
30b + 30 = - 61b
^1 - a + b - abh + ^1 + a - b - abh
= 30b2 + 61b + 30 = 0
^1 + ah^1 + bh
2 - 2ab 2 - 23 - 61 ! ^- 61h2 - 4 # 30 # 30
= = Now b
1 + a + b + ab 1 - 23 + 13 2 # 30
= - 61 ! 3721 - 3600
4
= 3
2 =2 60
3
For q (x), product of the zeroes, - 61 " 11
60
1-b
a 1 b 1 = :1 - a D;
1 + a 1 + bE Thus b = - 5 or - 6
6 5
^1 - ah^1 - bh
=
^1 + ah^1 + bh Hence, a = 5, b = 5 , - 6
-
6 5
1 - a - b + ab
= 72. If a and b are the zeroes the polynomial 2x2 - 4x + 5,
1 + a + b + ab
find the values of
1 - â + bh + ab
= (ii) 1 + 1
1 + â + bh + ab (i) a2 + b2
a b
1 + 23 + 13 6
= 1 = 2 = 3
3
(iii) â - bh2 (iv) 12 + 12
1- 3 + 3
2
3 a b
2 2
Hence, Required polynomial (v) a + b
q (x) = x2 - (a 1 + b 1) 2x + a 1 b 1 Sol : [Board 2007]
2
2
= x - 2x + 3 We have p (x) = 2x - 4x + 5
If a and b are then zeroes of p (x) = 2x2 - 4x + 5 ,
PRACTICE
then
 If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial - ^- 4h
x2 + 4x + 3 , find the polynomial whose zeroes are a + b =-b = =2
a 2
1 + ab and 1 + ab .
and ab = c = 5
[Board Term-1 2013] a 2
Ans : 13 ^3x2 - 16x + 16h
(i) a2 + b2 = â + bh2 - 2ab
= 22 - 2 # 5
2
71. If b and 1b are zeroes of the polynomial
= 4 - 5 =- 1
â + a h x + 61x + 6a . Find the value of b and a .
2 2
Sol : (ii) 1 +1 = a+b = 2 = 4

a b ab 5 5
p ^x h = â2 + a h x2 + 61x + 6
2
We have
(iii) â - bh2 = â - bh2 - 4ab
Since b and 1
are the zeroes
b of polynomial, p ^x h
= 22 - 4 # 5
Sum of zeroes, b+1 = - 261 2
b a +a
2 4 - 10 = - 6
b +1 -
or, = 2 61 ...(1)
b a +a a2 + b2 -1 -4
(iv) 12 + 12 = 2 = 5 2 = 25
Product of zeroes b1 = 26a a b âbh ^2h
b a +a
(v) â3 + b3h = â + bh3 - 3ab â + bh x2 + x - 6
= 23 - 3 # 5 # 2 = 8 - 15 = - 7 g
x - 4 x - 3x2 - 10x + 24
3
2 x3 - 4x2
73. If two zeroes of the polynomial p ^x h = x 4 - 6x3 x2 - 10x + 24
- 26x2 + 138x - 35 are 2 ! 3 . Find the other zeroes. x2 - 4x
Sol : [Board 2009] - 6x + 24
We have p ^x h = x - 6x - 26x + 138x - 35
4 3 2 - 6x + 24
0
As 2 ! 3 are the zeroes of p ^x h , so x - ^2 ! 3 h
are the factor of p ^x h and the product of zeros, is Now q (x) = x2 + x - 6
$x - ^2 + 3 h. $x - ^2 - 3 h. = x2 + 3x - 2x - 6
= $^x - 2h - 3 . $^x - 2h + 3.
= x (x + 3) - 2 (x + 3)
= ^x - 2h2 - ^ 3 h
2
= (x + 3) (x - 2)
2
= x - 4x + 1 Thus p (x) = (x - 4) q (x)
Dividing p ^x h by x2 - 4x + 1 we have = (x - 4) (x + 3) (x - 2)
x2 - 2x - 35
g
Hence zeroes are - 3 , 2 and 4.
x - 4x + 1 x - 6x3 - 26x2 + 138x - 35
2 4
x 4 - 4x3 + x2 PRACTICE
3 2
- 2x - 27x + 138x - 35  Find all zeros of the polynomial 3x3 + 10x2 - 9x - 4
- 2x3 + 8x2 - 2x if one of its zero is 1.
[Board 2019 Delhi]
- 35x2 + 140x - 35
Ans :
- 35x2 + 140x - 35
0
Factorising ^x2 - 2x - 35h we get 75. For what value of k , is the polynomial
^x - 2x - 35h = ^x + 5h^x - 7h
2 f ^x h = 3x 4 - 9x3 + x2 + 15x + k completely divisible by
3x2 - 5 .
x = - 5, 7
PRACTICE We have 4 3 2
f (x) = 3x - 9x + x + 15x + k
 Find all zeroes of the polynomial Dividing f (x) by 3x2 - 5 we have
4 3 2
(2x - 9x + 5x + 3x - 1) if two of its zeroes are
(2 + 3 ) and (2 - 3 ).
[Board 2018]
Ans :
74. If 4 is zero of the cubic polynomial x3 - 3x2 - 10x + 24,

find its other two zeroes.
If 4 is zero of the cubic polynomial x3 - 3x2 - 10x + 24

then, x - 4 must divide it completely and we can write Since, 3x2 - 5 completely divide f (x), therefore,
p (x) = x3 - 3x2 - 10x + 24 remainder must be zero,
= (x - 4) q (x) i.e., k + 10 = 0
3 2 k = - 10
q (x) = x - 3x - 10x + 24
x-4 Hence, value of k is - 10 .
3 2
Dividing x - 3x - 10x + 24 by x - 4 we have
PRACTICE
76. Given that x - 5 is a factor of the polynomial
x3 - 3 5 x2 - 5x + 15 5 , find all the zeroes of the  If the polynomial 6x 4 + 8x3 + 17x2 + 21x + 7 is
polynomial. divided by another polynomial 3x2 + 4x + 1, the
remainder comes out to be âx + b h , find the
Sol : [Board Term-1 2014, 2012]
3 2
values of a and b .
Dividing x - 3 5 x - 5x + 15 5 by x - 5 we have
[Board Term-1 2013]
g
x2 - 2 5 x - 15 Ans :
x- 5 x3 - 3 5 x2 - 5x + 15 5
x3 - 5 x2
78. Show that 3 is a zero of the polynomial 2x3 - x2 - 13x - 6
- 2 5 x2 - 5x + 15 5
. Hence find all the zeroes of this polynomial.
- 2 5 x2 + 10x
Sol :
- 15x + 15 5
We have p ^x h = 2x3 - x2 - 13x - 6
- 15x + 15 5
Substituting x = 3 in p (x) = 0 we have
0
Factorising the quotient we have p ^x h = 2 ^3 h3 - ^3 h2 - 13 ^3 h - 6
x2 - 2 5 x - 15 = x2 - 3 5 x + 5 x - 15 = 2 ^27h - 9 - 39 - 6
= x (x - 3 5 ) + 5 ^x - 3 5 h = 54 - 54 = 0
= ^x + 5 h^x - 3 5 h So, x - 3 is a factor of p ^x h . Now by long division,
^x + 5 h^x - 3 5 h = 0 2x2 + 5x + 2
g
& x = 5, 3 5
x - 3 2x3 - x2 - 13x - 6
Thus zeroes are 5 , - 5 and 3 5 .
2x3 - 6x2
4 3 2
77. If the polynomial x - 6x + 16x - 25x + 10 is divided 5x2 - 13x - 6
by ^x2 - 2x + k h , the remainder comes out to be x + a, 5x2 - 15x
find k and a .
2x - 6
2x - 6
Dividing x - 6x + 16x - 25x + 10 by ^x2 - 2x + k h
4 3 2
0
we have
Factorising the quotient, we get
x2 - 4x + (8 - k)
2 4
g
x - 2x + k x - 6x + 16x2 - 25x + 10
3 2x2 + 5x + 2 = 2x2 + 4x + x + 2
x 4 - 2x3 + kx2 = 2x (x + 2) + (x + 2)
3
- 4x + (16 - k) x - 25x + 102 = ^2x + 1h^x + 2h
x = - 1, - 2
3 2
- 4x + 8x - 4kx
2 2
(8 - k) x - (25 - 4k) x + 10
Hence, all the zeroes of p ^x h are - 1 , - 2, 3
(8 - k) x - (16 - 2k) x + (8k - k2) 2
(2k - 9) x + (10 - 8k + k2) 79. Obtain all other zeroes of the polynomial
4x 4 + x3 - 72x2 - 18x , if two of its zeroes are 3 2
Given, remainder = x + a and - 3 2 .
Comparing the multiples of x we have
^2k - 9h x = 1 # x As 3 2 and - 3 2 are the zeroes of
2k - 9 = 1 4x 4 + x3 - 72x2 - 18x , So ^x - 3 2 h and ^x + 3 2 h
are its two factors.
k = 10 = 5
2 Now, ^x - 3 2 h^x + 3 2 h = 0
Substituting this value of k into other portion of or, x2 - 18 = 0
remainder, we have
Thus x2 - 18 divides the polynomial
and a = 10 - 8k + k2 = 10 - 40 + 25 = - 5 4x + x - 72x2 - 18x completely.
4 3
Now dividing 4x 4 + x3 - 72x2 - 18x by x2 - 18 we have = 6^3x - 1h^3x - 1h@
4x2 + x = ^3x - 1h^3x - 1h

g
x - 18 4x 4 + x3 - 72x2 - 18x
2
4 2
Hence, other two zeroes are 1 , 1 .
3 3
4x - 72x
x 3
- 18x PRACTICE
- 18xx3  Obtain all other zeroes of the polynomial

0 x 4 + 6x3 + x2 - 24x - 20 , if two of its zeroes are
2
Factorising quotient 4x + x we have + 2 and - 5 .
[Board Term-1 2015]
4x2 + x = x (4x + 1)
Ans :
Now x = 0 and - 1
4
Thus 81. Find all the zeros of the polynomial
4x + x - 72x - 18x = ^x - 18h x ^4x + 1h 3x 4 + 6x3 - 2x2 - 10x - 5 if two of its zeroes are
4 3 2 2 5
3
and - 53
= ^x - 3 2 h^x + 3 2 h^x h^4x + 1h
Hence, other two zeroes are 0 and - 1 . 5 and - 5 are two zeroes of the given
4 Since
3 3
PRACTICE
polynomial, bx - 5 , x + 5 will be its two
3l b 3l
 Find the other zeroes of the polynomial factors
x 4 - 5x3 + 2x2 + 10x - 8 if it is given that two 5 x + 5 = x2 - 5 = 1 3x2 - 5
3^ h
Now bx -
zeroes are - 2 and 2 . 3 lb 3l b 3l
[Board Term-1 2012] Since 13 ^3x2 - 5h is a factor of given polynomial,
Ans : dividing it by 3x2 - 5 , we have
x2 + 2x + 1
80. Obtain all other zeroes of the polynomial

2
g
3x - 5 3x 4 + 6x3 - 2x2 - 10x - 5
3x 4 - 5x 2
9x 4 - 6x3 - 35x2 + 24x - 4, if two of its zeroes are 2
and - 2 . 6x3 + 3x2 - 10x - 5
6x3 - 10x
2
As 2 and - 2 are the zeroes of 9x 4 - 6x3 - 35x2 + 24x - 4 3x -5
So ^x - 2h and ^x + 2h are its two factors
2
3x -5
^x - 2h^x + 2h = x - 4 0
2
Now
Dividing 9x 4 - 6x3 - 35x2 + 24x - 4 by x2 - 4 x + 2x + 1 = ^x + 1h2 = ^x + 1h^x + 1h
2
Thus two other zeroes are - 1 and - 1.

9x 2 - 6x + 1
2
g
x - 4 9x 4 - 6x3 - 35x2 + 24x - 4 Hence all the zeroes of given polynomial are 5,
3
- 5 , - 1and - 1.
4 2
9x - 36x
3
- 6x + x2 + 24x - 4
3
- 6x3 + 24x
2 82. If a and b are zeroes of the polynomial
x -4
p (x) = 6x2 - 5x + k such that a - b = 16 , Find the
x2 -4 value of k.
0
Sol : [Board 2007]
Factorising this quotient
We have p ^x h = 6x - 5x + k
2
9x2 - 6x + 1 = 9x2 - 3x - 3x + 1
Since a and b are zeroes of
= 63x ^3x - 1h - 1 ^3x - 1h@
p ^x h = 6x2 - 5x + k ,
Sum of zeroes, a + b = -b - 5 l = 5 ...(1) (ii) Surface Area,

6 6
S (x) = 2 ^LW + WH + HL h
Product of zeroes ab = k ...(2)
6 = 2 [x (x + 3) + (x + 3) (x - 2) + x (x - 2)]
Given a-b = 1 ...(3) = 2 [x2 + 3x + x2 + x - 6 + x2 - 2x]
6
Solving (1) and (3) we get a = 12 and b = 13 and = 2 (3x2 + 2x - 6) = 6x2 + 4x - 12
substituting the values of (2) we have
(iii)We have V ^x h = x3 + x2 - 6
ab = k = 1 # 1
6 2 3 18 = x3 + x2 - 6x
Hence, k = 1.
x3 + x2 - 6x - 18 = 0
PRACTICE There is only one positive zero to this equation,
because there is one change of sign.
 If a and b are zeroes of the polynomial
f ^x h = x2 - x - k , such that a - b = 9 , find k . Substituting x = 3 in above equation we have
[ Board Term-1 2013 ] 3 3 + 32 - 6 # 3 - 18 = 0
Ans : 20 27 + 9 - 18 - 18 = 0
36 - 36 = 0
Thus by hit and trial we get that 3 is zero of above
COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS polynomial. Thus width is 3 unit.
Length = x + 3 = 6 unit
83. Box : For the box to satisfy certain requirements, its Height = x - 2 = 3 - 2 = 1 unit
length must be three unit greater than the width, and (iv) S (x) = 6x2 + 4x - 12
its height must be two unit less than the width.
= 6 # 3 # 3 + 4 # 3 - 12 square unit
= 54 square unit
C = 100 # 54 = 5400 `
84. Cubic Coating : Frozen specimens are stored in a cubic

metal box that is x inches on each side. The box is
surrounded by a 2 inch thick layer of foam insulation.
(i) Find a polynomial function V (x) that gives the
total volume in cubic inches for the box and
insulation.
(i) If width is taken as x , find the polynomial that (ii) Find the total volume if x is 10 inches.
represent volume of box. (iii) Use the remainder theorem to find the
(ii) Find the polynomial that represent the area of total volume when x is 10 inches.
paper sheet used to make box. Sol :
(iii) If it must have a volume of 18 unit, what must be (i)Since 2 inches of foam is added all around the box,
its length and height ? the sides are now x + 4 inches each.
(iv) If box is made of a paper sheet which cost is Rs Volume of a cube of side x + 4 ,
100 per square unit, what is the cost of paper? V (x) = (x + 4) 3 = (x + 4) (x 2 + 8x + 16)
Sol : = x (x 2 + 8x + 16) + 4 (x 2 + 8x + 16)
(i) If x represent width, length and height will be V (x) = x 3 + 12x 2 + 48x + 64
x + 3 and x - 2 .
(ii) The total volume if x is 10 inches,
Volume, V (x) = WLH
V (10) = 103 + 12 # 102 + 48 # 10 + 64
= x (x + 3) (x - 2)
= 2744 in3
= x (x2 + x - 6) = x3 + x2 - 6x
85. Swimming Pool : The volume of water in a because there is one change of sign. By hit and trial
rectangular, in-ground, swimming pool is given by we find the x = 2 is the only positive solution.
V (x) = x3 + 11x2 + 24x where V (x) is the volume in x2 + 13x + 50
cubic feet when the water is x ft high.
(i) Find the dimension of base of pool.
g
x - 2 x3 + 11x2 + 24x - 100
x3 - 2x2
(ii) Use the remainder theorem to find the volume
13x2 + 24x - 100
when x = 3 ft.
13x2 - 26x
(iii) If the volume is 100 ft 3 of water, what is the
height x ? 50x - 100
(iv) If the maximum capacity of the pool is 520 ft 3 50x - 100
what is the maximum depth? 0
Thus height is 2 ft.
(iv) If the maximum capacity of the pool is 520 ft 3 ,
520 = x 3 + 11x 2 + 24x
0 = x 3 + 11x 2 + 24x - 520
There is only one positive zero to this equation,
because there is one change of sign. By inspection we
find the x = 5 may be the only positive solution.
x2 + 16x + 104
g
x - 5 x3 + 11x2 + 24x - 520
x3 - 5x2
16x2 + 24x - 520
Sol : 16x2 - 80x
3 2
(i) We have V (x) = x + 11x + 24x 104x - 520
= x (x2 + 11x + 24) 104x - 520
= x (x + 3) (x + 8) 0
(iii) Here we have to find V (10) using the remainder
If x represent height, the dimension of base will be theorem. we divide V (x) = x 3 + 12x 2 + 48x + 64 by
x + 3 and x + 8 . x - 10 . Remainder will be value of V (10).
(ii) Here we have to find V (3) using the remainder x2 + 22x + 268
theorem. we divide V (x) = x3 + 11x2 + 24x by x - 3 .
Remainder will be value of V (3).
g
x - 10 x3 + 12x2 + 48x + 64
x3 - 10x2
x2 + 14x + 66
g
x - 3 x3 + 11x2 + 24x
22x2 + 48x + 64
22x2 - 220x
x3 - 3x2
268x + 64
14x2 + 24x
268x - 2680
14x2 - 42x
2744
66x Remainder is 2744, thus V (10) = 2744 in.3
66x - 198
198 86. Overflow Pan : A metalworker makes an overflow pan
by cutting equal squares with sides of length x from
Here remainder is 198. Thus V (3) = 198
the corners of a 30 cm by 20 cm piece of aluminium,
Hence volume is 198 ft3 at x = 3 ft. as shown in the figure. The sides are then folded up
(iii) If the volume is 100 ft 3 of water, and the corners sealed.
100 = x 3 + 11x 2 + 24x (i) Find a polynomial function V (x) that gives the
volume of the pan.
0 = x 3 + 11x 2 + 24x - 100 (ii) Find the volume of the pan if the height is 6 cm.
There is only one positive solution to this equation, Use remainder theorem.
88. Volume of a Bird Cage. A company makes rectangular

shaped bird cages with height b inches and square
bottoms. The volume of these cages is given by the
function V = b 3 - 6b2 + 9b .
(i) Find an expression for the length of each side of
the square bottom.
(ii) Use the function to find the volume of a cage with
a height of 18 inches.
Sol :
(iii) Use the remainder theorem to find the volume of
(i) Since x is taken off of both sides of the rectangle,
a cage with a height of 15 inches.
the sides are 20 - 2x and 30 - 2x .
(iv) Verify the result of (iii) using function ?
V (x) = x (20 - 2x) (30 - 2x)
= x (4x 2 - 100x + 600)
V (x) = 4x 3 - 100x 2 + 600x
(ii) Here we have to find V (6) using the remainder
theorem. we divide V (x) = 4x 3 - 100x 2 + 600x by
x - 6 . Remainder will be value of V (6).
4x2 - 76x + 144
g
x - 6 4x3 - 100x2 + 600x
4x3 - 24x2
- 76x2 + 600x
- 76x2 + 456x
144x
144x - 864
864
Here remainder is 864. Hence volume is 864 cm3 at
x = 6 cm.
87. Square Pan : Suppose that the pan in previous

example is formed from a square piece of aluminium
that is 30 cm on each side.
(i) Find a polynomial function V (x) that gives the
volume in cubic cm.
(ii) The cost is Rs 5 per square cm of aluminium used
in the finished pan. Find a polynomial function Sol :
C (x) that gives the cost. (i) V = b 3 - 6b2 + 9b
Sol : = b (b2 - 6b + 9)
(i) Since x is taken off of both sides of the square, the = b (b - 3) (b - 3)
sides are 30 - 2x and 30 - 2x .
If b is height, (b - 3) is the length of each side of the
V (x) = x (30 - 2x) (30 - 2x) square bottom.
= x (4x 2 - 120x + 900) (ii) Volume of a cage with a height of 18 inches,
3 2
V (x) = 4x - 120x + 900x V (18) = b 3 - 6b2 + 9b
(ii) The area of the bottom of the pan is = b (b - 3) (b - 3)
(30 - 2x) (30 - 2x) or 4x 2 - 120x + 900 . The area of
the 4 sides is 4 (x) (30 - 2x) or 120x - 8x 2. So the total = 18 (18 - 3) (18 - 3)
area is - 4x 2 + 900 square cm. Multiply by Rs 5 per = 18 # 15 # 15 = 4050 in2
square cm to get the function C (x) = - 20x2 + 4500 ,
(iii) Here we have to find V (15) using the remainder
which gives the cost in rupees.
theorem. we divide b 3 - 6b2 + 9b by b - 15 . Remainder we find the x = 9 is the only positive zero.
will be value of V (15).
b2 + 9b + 144 7x2 + 123x + 1107
g
b - 15 b3 - 6b2 + 9b g
x - 9 7x3 + 60x2 - 9963
b3 - 15b2 7x3 - 63x2
9b2 + 9b 123x2 - 9963
9b2 - 135b 123x2 - 1107x
144b 1107x - 9963
144b - 2160 1107x - 9963
2160 0
Here remainder is 2160. Thus V (15) = 2160 in3
The radius is 9 unit.
(iv) V (15) = b 3 - 6b2 + 9b
90. Cereal Box : An independent marketing research
= b (b - 3) (b - 3)
agency has determined that the best box for breakfast
= 15 (15 - 3) (15 - 3) cereal has a height that is 6 inches larger than its
thickness and a width that is 5 inches larger than its
= 15 # 12 # 12 = 2160 in2
thickness.
89. Propylene Storage Tank : R K Agrawal is designing (i) If we let the thickness be x inches, find a
a propylene tank in the shape of a cylinder with polynomial function V (x) that gives the total
hemispherical ends. If the length of the cylinder is to volume.
be 20 unit larger than its radius and the volume is to (ii) If such a box is to have a volume of 112 inches3,
be 3321p cubic unit, then what is the radius? then what should the thickness be?
Sol :
Let x be the radius of cylindrical part and hemispheres
part because both are common. The volume of a
hemisphere with radius x is 12 $ 34 px3 and the volume
of a cylinder with radius x and height x + 20 is
px2 (x + 20) . Since the tank consists of 2 hemispheres
and one cylinder with a total volume of 3321p cubic
unit, we can write the following equation
4 px 3 + px 2(x + 20) = 3321p
3
4x 3 + 3x 2(x + 20) = 9963
7x 3 + 60x 2 - 9963 = 0 Sol :
There is only one positive zero to this polynomial, (i) If we let the thickness be x inches, then the height
because there is one change of sign. By hit and trial is x + 6 inches and the width is x + 5 inches.
Volume, V (x) = x (x + 6) (x + 5) (ii) Find the dimensions of the new bin.

2
= x (x + 11x + 30) Sol :
3 2
= x + 11x + 30x (i) Let all dimension is increased by x . The new
(ii) Since the volume is 112 cubic inches, we can write dimension of box are x + 2 , x + 3 and x + 4 . The
the following equation. volume of box is,
112 = x 3 + 11x 2 + 30x V (x) = (x + 2) (x + 3) (x + 4)
x 3 + 11x 2 + 30x - 112 = 0 = (x + 2) (x 2 + 7x + 12)

There is only one positive zero to this equation, = x 3 + 9x 2 + 26x + 24
because there is one change of sign. By hit and trial (ii) Original volume of bin,
we find the x = 2 is the only positive zero.
V = 2 # 3 # 4 = 24
x2 + 13x + 56
g
x - 2 x3 + 11x2 + 30x - 112 Since volume of new bin must be 5 times of old bin,
we have
x3 - 2x2
24 # 5 = x 3 + 9x 2 + 26x + 24
13x2 + 30x - 112
120 = x 3 + 9x 2 + 26x + 24
13x2 - 26x
56x - 112 0 = x 3 + 9x 2 + 26x - 96
56x - 112 There is only one positive solution to this equation,
0 because there is one change of sign. By hit and trial
Thus thickness should be 2 inch. we find the x = 2 is the only positive solution.
x2 + 11x + 48
91. A bulk dog food storage bin with dimensions 2 feet by g
x - 2 x3 + 9x2 + 26x - 96
3 feet by 4 feet needs to be increased in size to hold x3 - 2x2
five times as much food as the current bin. Assume
11x2 + 26x - 96
each dimension is increased by the same amount.
11x2 - 22x
48x - 96
48x - 96
0
Thus x = 2 feet is increased in all dimensions. New
dimension of bin will be 4 feet, 5 feet and 6 feet.
92. The discharge rate of a river is a measure of the river’s

water flow as it empties into a lake, sea, or ocean.
The rate depends on many factors, but is primarily
influenced by the precipitation in the surrounding
area and is often seasonal.
(i) Let x be the amount by which dimension is Suppose the discharge rate of the
increased. Write a function that represents the Brhamputra River was modelled by
volume of the new bin. D (m) = - m 4 + 22m 3 - 147m2 + 317m + 150 w h e r e
D (m) represents the discharge rate in thousands of (iii) What is the maximum profit?
cubic meters of water per second in month m . (iv) Find the profit when 245 thousand bottles are
( m = 1 " Jan, m = 2 " Feb ) sold. Use remainder theorem
(i) What was the discharge rate in June (summer
heat)?
(ii) Is the discharge rate higher in June or October?
Sol :
(i) To find the discharge rate in June, we find D at
m = 6 using remainder theorem. For this we divide
- m 4 + 22m 3 - 147m2 + 317m + 150 by m - 6 .
- m3 + 16m2 - 51m + 11
g
m - 6 - m 4 + 22m3 - 147m2 + 317m + 150
- m 4 + 6m3
16m3 - 147m2 + 317m + 150
16m3 - 96m2
- 51m2 + 317m + 150
Sol :
- 51m2 + 306m
Since Profit = Revenue - Cost , we have
11m + 150
P (x) = R (x) - C (x)
11m - 66
= - x2 + 326x - 7463 - 16x - 63
216
Here remainder is 216, thus D (6) is 216 thousand = - x2 + 310x - 7400
cubic meter per second. (i) Thus profit function is P (x) = - x2 + 310x - 7400
(i) To find the discharge rate in October, we find D at
Now P (x) = - x2 + 310x - 7400
m = 10 using remainder theorem. For this we divide
- m 4 + 22m 3 - 147m2 + 317m + 150 by m - 10 . = - x2 + 310x - 1552 + 1552 - 7400
- m3 + 12m2 - 27m + 47
g
= - (x2 - 310x + 1552) + 16625
m - 10 - m 4 + 22m3 - 147m2 + 317m + 150
= - (x - 155) 2 + 16625
- m 4 + 10m3
From above equation it is clear that P (x) is maximum
12m3 - 147m2 + 317m + 150 at x = 155 and this minimum value is 16625.
12m3 - 120m2 (ii) For maximum profit 155 thousand bottle must
- 27m2 + 317m + 150 be sold.
- 27m2 + 270m (iii) The maximum profit is Rs 16625.
47m + 150 (iv) To find profit at x = 245 using remainder theorem
47m - 470 we divide P (x) = - x2 + 310x - 7400 by x - 245 .
- x + 65
620
Here remainder is 620, thus D (10) is 620 thousand
g
x - 245 - x2 + 310x - 7400
- x2 + 245x
cubic meter per second. The discharge rate during the
65x - 7400
fall rains in October is much higher.
65x - 15925
93. Cost of Production : The cost to produce bottled 8525
spring water is given by C (x) = 16x - 63 where x is When 245 thousand bottles are sold, profit is Rs 8525.
the number of thousands of bottles. The total income
(revenue) from the sale of these bottles is given by the 94. Selection of Bridesmaids : A bride-to-be has many
function R (x) = - x2 + 326x - 7463 . girlfriends, but she has decided to have only five
bridesmaids, including the maid of honour. The
(i) Since Profit = Revenue - Cost , find the profit
number of different ways n girlfriends can be chosen
function.
and assigned a position, such as maid of honour, first
(ii) How many bottles sold will produce the maximum bridesmaid, second bridesmaid, and so on, is given by
profit?
the polynomial function soda cans needed to build a square pyramid display
S (n) = n5 - 10n 4 + 35n 3 - 50n2 + 8n n $ 5 with n = 6 levels.
(i) Use the Remainder Theorem to determine
the number of ways the bride can select her
bridesmaids if she chooses from n = 5 girlfriends.
(ii) Evaluate S (n) for n = 5 by substituting 5 for n
. How does this result compare with the result
obtained in (i)?
Sol :
To find L (6) using remainder theorem we divide
1 1 1
L (n) = 3 n 3 + 2 n2 + 6 n by n - 6 .
1 2
3 n + 2 2 n + 15 6
1 1
g 3 2
n - 6 13 n + 12 n + 16 n
1
3 n3 - 2n2
Sol : 2 12 n2 + 16 n
To find S (5) using remainder theorem we divide 2 12 n2 - 15n
S (n) = n5 - 10n 4 + 35n 3 - 50n2 + 8n by n - 5 .
15 16 n
n 4 - 5n3 + 10n2 + 8
g
n - 5 n5 - 10n 4 + 35n3 - 50n2 + 8n 15 16 n - 91
n 5 - 5n 4 91
4 3
- 5n + 35n - 50n + 8n 2 Here remainder is 91, thus L (6) = 91 .
- 5n 4 + 25n3 96. Volume of Solid : A cuboidal solid of base x by x + 1

3 2
10n - 50n + 8n is shown in figure. Height of original solid is x + 2 . A
small cuboidal solid of base x - 2 by x - 2 and height
10n3 - 50n2
2 is cut from this solid as shown in figure.
8n
8n - 40
40
Since remainder is 40, S (5) = 40 . Thus bride can
select her bridesmaids in 40 ways.
(ii) S (n) = n5 - 10n 4 + 35n 3 - 50n2 + 8n
= 55 - 10 # 5 4 + 35 # 5 3 - 50 # 52 + 8 # 5
= 55 - 2 # 55 + 7 # 5 4 - 2 # 5 4 + 8 # 5
= - 55 + 5 # 5 4 + 8 # 5
= - 55 + 55 + 8 # 5
= 8 # 5 = 40 (i) Find the polynomial for the volume of remaining
solid.
95. Display of Soda Cans : The number of soda cans S (ii) Use the remainder theorem to determine the
needed to build a square pyramid display with n levels volume of remaining solid at x = 8 inch.
is given by the function L (n) = 13 n 3 + 12 n2 + 16 n . Use (iii) Use the polynomial to determine the volume at
the Remainder Theorem to determine the number of x = 8 inch and verify the result in (ii).
(iv) Use the remainder theorem to determine the Since remainder is 1192, V (8) = 1192 . Thus volume
volume at x = 10 inch. of remaining solid is 1192 cubic inch at x = 10 inch.
Sol : Both results are same.
(i) Volume of original solid, 97. The Prime Minister’s Citizen Assistance and Relief in
VO (x) = x (x + 1) (x + 2) Emergency Situations Fund was created on 28 March
= x (x2 + 3x + 2) 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The
fund will be used for combating, and containment and
= x3 + 3x2 + 2x relief efforts against the coronavirus outbreak and
Volume of solid to be cut, similar pandemic like situations in the future.
Vs (x) = 2 (x - 2) (x - 2)
= 2 (x2 - 4x + 4)
= 2x2 - 8x + 8
Volume of remaining solid,
V (x) = Vo (x) - Vs (x)
= x3 + 3x2 + 2x - 2x2 + 8x - 8
= x3 + x2 + 10x - 8
(ii) To find V (8) using remainder theorem we divide
V (x) = x3 + x2 + 10x - 8 by x - 8 .
x2 + 9x + 82
g
x - 8 x3 + x2 + 10x - 8
The allotment officer is trying to come up with a
x3 - 8x2
method to calculate fair division of funds across various
9x2 + 10x - 8 affected families so that the fund amount and amount
9x2 - 72x received per family can be easily adjusted based on
82x - 8 daily revised numbers. The total fund allotted for a
village is x3 + 6x2 + 20x + 9 . The officer has divided
82x - 656
the fund equally among families of the village and
648 each family receives an amount of x2 + 2x + 2 . After
Since remainder is 648, V (8) = 648 . Thus volume of distribution, some amount is left.
remaining solid is 648 cubic inch at x = 8 inch.
(i) How many families are there in the village?
(iii) V (8) = 8 3 + 82 + 10 # 8 - 8
(ii) If an amount of < 1911 is left after distribution,
= 82 (8 + 1) + 80 - 8
what is value of x ?
= 82 # 9 + 72 (iii) How much amount does each family receive?
= 72 (8 + 1) (iv) What is the amount of fund allocated?
= 72 # 9 = 648 cubic inch (v) How many families are there in the village?
(iv) To find V (10) using remainder theorem we divide Sol :
V (x) = x + x + 10x - 8 by x - 10 .
3 2
(i) To get number of families we divide x3 + 6x2 + 20x + 9
x2 + 11x + 120 by x2 + 2x + 2 .
g
x - 10 x3 + x2 + 10x - 8 x+4
x3 - 10x2 g
x + 2x + 2 x + 6x2 + 20x + 9
2 3
11x2 + 10x - 8 x3 + 2x2 + 2x

11x2 - 110x 4x2 + 18x + 9
120x - 8 4x2 + 8x + 8
120x - 1200 10x + 1
1192 Number of families are x + 4 .
(ii) Amount left = 10x + 1 (iv) What is the ratio of length of side to the height ?
10x + 1 = 1911 (v) What is surface area of pyramid ?
x = 1910 = 191 Sol :

10
(i) V ^y h = 3y3 + 18y2 + 27y
(iii) Since, x = 191 , amount received by each family is
= 3y ^y2 + 6y + 9h = 3y ^y + 3h2
x2 + 2x + 2 = (191) 2 + 2 (191) + 2
If y represent height, then comparing its volume with
= 36865 standard volume, we have
(iv) Since x = 191 , allotted fund, 2
h a = 3y ^y + 3h2
3
x3 + 6x2 + 20x + 9 = (x2 + 2x + 2) (x + 4) + 10x + 1 2
y a = 3y ^y + 3h2
= 36865 (191 + 4) + 1911 3
= 69, 72, 846 a2 = 9 ^y + 3h2
(v) No. of families = x + 4 = 191 + 4 = 195 a = 3 ^y + 3h
(ii) a2 = 576 & a = 24 unit
98. Pyramid, in architecture, a monumental structure
constructed of or faced with stone or brick and having (iii) At a = 24 meter,
a rectangular base and four sloping triangular sides 24 = 3 ^y + 3h
meeting at an apex. Pyramids have been built at 8 = y+3
various times in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, western
Asia, Greece, Cyprus, Italy, India, Thailand, Mexico, y = 5 metre
South America, and on some islands of the Pacific (iv) We have a = 24 and y = 5 .
Ocean. Those of Egypt and of Central and South a = 24
America are the best known. y 5
(v) We have S = a2 + 2a ^ a2 h + h2
2
We have a = 24 and y = 5 .
Thus S = 242 + 2 # 24 ^ 242 h + 52
2
= 2 # 24 (12 + 122 + 52 )
= 48 (12 + 13) = 1200 m2
99. SBL Fabricators has got a order for making a frame

for machine of their client. For which, they are
using a AutoCAD software to create a constructible
model that includes the relevant information such as
dimensions of the frame and materials needed.
The volume and surface area of a pyramid with a

square base of area a2 and height h is given by
ha2
V = 3 and S = a2 + 2a ^ a2 h + h2
2
A pyramid has a square base and a volume of

3y 3 + 18y2 + 27y cubic units.
(i) If its height is y , then what polynomial represents
the length of a side of the square base ?
(ii) If area of base is 576 metre, what is the side of
base?
(iii) What is the height of pyramid at above area of The frame will have a solid base and will be cut out of
base ? a piece of steel. The final area of the frame should be
54 sq m. The digram of frame is shown below. = 2 ^15 + 4 # 1.5h = 42 m
100. An barrels manufacturer can produce up to 300

barrels per day. The profit made from the sale
of these barrels can be modelled by the function
P (x) = - 10x2 + 3500x - 66000 where P (x) is the
profit in rupees and x is the number of barrels made
and sold.
In order to input the right values in the AutoCAD

software, the engineer needs to calculate some basic
values.
(i) What are the dimensions of the outer frame ?
(ii) A metal sheet of minimum area is used to make
the frame. What should be the minimum area of
metal sheet before cutting ?
(iii) What is the area of required final metal frame ?
(iv) If the area of the frame is 54 sq m, what is the
value of x ?
(v) What is the perimeter of the frame?
Sol : Based on this model answer the following questions:
(i) Length = ^10 + x + x h = ^10 + 2x h (i) When no barrels are produce what is a profit loss?
Breadth = ^5 + x + x h = ^5 + 2x h cm (ii) What is the break even point ? (Zero profit point
is called break even)
(ii) Length of steel plate, l = ^10 + 2x h
(iii) What is the profit/loss if 175 barrels are produced
Breadth of steel plate, b = ^5 + 2x h
(iv) What is the profit/loss if 400 barrels are produced
Area of steel plate, A = lb
(v) What is the maximum profit which can
= ^10 + 2x h^5 + 2x h
manufacturer earn?
= 50 + 10x + 20x + 4x 2
Sol :
= 50 + 30x + 4x 2
(i) When no barrels are produced, x = 0
A = 4x2 + 30x + 50
P (x) = 0 + 0 - 66000
(iii) Area of frame to be cut = 10 # 5 = 50 m2
P (x) = - 66000 Rs
Area of frame left = 4x 2 + 30x + 50 - 50
(ii) At break-even point P (x) = 0 , thus
= 4x 2 + 30x m2
0 = - 10x2 + 3500x - 66000
2
(iv) Here, area of frame = 54 m
x2 + 350x + 6600 = 0
4x 2 + 30x = 54
x2 - 330x - 20x + 6600 = 0
2x 2 + 15x - 27 = 0
x (x - 330) - 20 (x + 330) = 0
2x 2 + 18x - 3x - 27 = 0
(x - 330) (x - 20) = 0
(x + 9) (2x - 3) = 0
x = 20 , 330
x = 1.5 or - 9 2
(iii) P (175) = - 10 (175) + 3500 (175) - 66000
(v) Perimeter of frame,
= 240250
=Perimeter of Outside Rectangle
(iv) P (400) = - 10 (400) 2 + 3500 (400) - 66000
= 2 ^10 + 2x + 5 + 2x h = 2 ^15 + 4x h
= - 266000 Rs = - 4 [(t - 2) 2 - 9]
(v) Rearranging the given equation we have = - 4 (t - 2) 2 + 36
P (x) = - 10x2 + 3500x - 66000 Height is maximum, at t = 2 , thus
= - 10 (x - 350x + 6600)
2
hmax = 0 + 36 = 36 m
= - 10 [(x - 175) 2 - 30625 + 6600] (iii) When ball hits the ground, h = 0 , thus
= - 10 [(x - 175) 2 - 24025] - 4t 2 + 16t + 20 = 0
= - 10 (x - 175) 2 + 240250 t 2 - 4t - 5 = 0
From above equation it is clear that maximum value (t - 5) (t + 1) = 0

of P (x) is Rs 240250. Thus t = 5 or t = - 1. Since, time cannot be negative,
the t = 5 seconds is correct answer.
101. Lavanya throws a ball upwards, from a rooftop, which
is 20 m above from ground. It will reach a maximum (iv) Since, h = - 4t 2 + 16t 2 + 20
height and then fall back to the ground. The height of 32 = - 4t 2 + 16t 2 + 20
the ball from the ground at time t is h , which is given
8 = - t 2 + 4t 2 + 5
by h = - 4t2 + 16t + 20 .
t 2 - 4t + 3 = 0
t 2 + 3t - t + 3 = 0
(t - 1) (t - 3) = 0 & t = 3, 1
(v) From (iii) at t = 5 we have h = 0 . Thus it will hit
ground, then after that ball will rebound.
102. Underground water tank is very popular in India. It is

usually used for large water tank storage and can be
built cheaply using cement-like materials. Underground
water tank are typically chosen by people who want to
save space. The water in the underground water tank
is not affected by extreme weather conditions. The
underground water tank maintain cool temperatures
in both winter and summer.
(i) What is the height reached by the ball after 1

second?
(ii) What is the maximum height reached by the ball?
(iii) How long will the ball take to hit the ground?
(iv) What are the two possible times to reach the ball
at the same height of 32 m?
(v) Where is the ball after 5 seconds ?
Sol :
(i) Height is given by,
h = - 4t 2 + 16t + 20
At t = 1 second,
h = - 4 (1) 2 + 16 (1) + 20 = 32 m A builder wants to build a tank to store water in an
(ii) Rearranging the given equation, by completing apartment. The volume of the rectangular tank will
the square, be modelled by V (x) = x3 + x2 - 4x - 4 .
h = - 4 (t2 - 4t - 5) (i) He planned in such a way that its base dimensions

are (x + 1) and (x + 2) . How much he has to dig
= - 4 (t2 - 4t + 4 - 4 - 5)
?
(ii) If x = 4 meter, what is the volume of the water
tank?
(iii) If x = 4 and the builder wants to paint the entire
inner portion on the water tank, what is the total
area to be painted ?
(iv) If the cost of paint is Rs. 25/ per square metre,
what is the cost of painting ?
(v) What is the storage capacity of this water tank ?
Sol :
(i) We have,
V (x) = x3 + x2 - 4x - 4
= x2 (x + 1) - 4 (x + 1)
= (x + 1) (x2 - 4)
= (x + 1) (x - 2) (x + 2)
If (x + 1) and (x + 2) are two dimension, 3rd
dimension will be (x - 2) . Thus he has to dig (x - 2) .
(ii) V ^x h = ^x + 1h^x - 2h^x + 2h
V ^4 h = ^4 + 1h^4 - 2h^4 + 2h
= 5 # 2 # 6 = 60 m3
(iii) Three dimension of tank are
x+1 = 4+1 = 5
x+2 = 4+2 = 6
x-2 = 4-2 = 2
S = 2 ^5 # 2 + 2 # 6 + 6 # 5h
= 2 ^10 + 12 + 30h
= 2 ^52h = 104 m2
(iv) C = 104 # 25 = 2600 `
(v) 1 m can store 1000 litre, thus 60 m3 can store
3
60000 litre.
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 57
CHAPTER 3
Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables
ONE MARK QUESTIONS 6x - 2y - p = 0

1. Find the value of k for which the system of linear We have, 3x - y - 5 = 0

equations x + 2y = 3 , 5x + ky + 7 = 0 is inconsistent. and 6x - 2y - p = 0
Here, a1 = 3 , b1 = - 1, c1 = - 5
We have x + 2y - 3 = 0
and a2 = 6 , b2 = - 2 , c2 = - p
and 5x + ky + 7 = 0
Since given lines are parallel,
If system is inconsistent, then
a1 = b1 ! c1
a1 = b1 ! c1 a2 b2 c2
a2 b2 c2
-1 ! -5
From first two orders, we have -2 -p
1 = 2 & k = 10 p ! 5 # 2 & p ! 10
5 k
4. The 2 digit number which becomes 56 th of itself when
2. Find the value of k for which the system of equations
its digits are reversed. If the difference in the digits of
x + y - 4 = 0 and 2x + ky = 3 , has no solution.
the number being 1, what is the two digits number?
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2011]
We have x+y-4 = 0
If the two digits are x and y , then the number is
and 2x + ky - 3 = 0 10x + y .
Here, a1
= , b1 = 1 and c1 = - 4 = 4
1
Now 5 (10x + y) = 10y + x
a1 2 b2 k c2 -3 3 6
Since system has no solution, we have Solving, we get 44x + 55y
a1 = b1 ! c1 x =5
a2 b2 c2 y 4
1 =1 !4 Also x - y = 1. Solving them, we get x = 5 and y = 4.
2 k 3 Therefore, number is 54.
k = 2 and k ! 3
4 5. In a number of two digits, unit’s digit is twice the tens
digit. If 36 be added to the number, the digits are
PRACTICE reversed. What is the number ?
 For what value of k , the system of equations Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2016]
kx + 3y = 1, 12x + ky = 2 has no solution.
Let x be units digit and y be tens digit, then number
[Board Term-1 2011]
will be 10y + x
Ans : k = - 6
Then, x = 2y ...(1)
If 36 be added to the number, the digits are reversed,
3. For which value(s ) of p , will the lines represented by i.e number will be 10x + y .
the following pair of linear equations be parallel ? 10y + x + 36 = 10x + y
3x - y - 5 = 0 9x - 9y = 36
Page 58 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3
x-y = 4 ...(2) 10. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = - 7 has no

solution. Justify.
Solving (1) and (2) we have x = 8 and y = 4 .
Thus number is 48. Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2014]
The given pair of equations are

6. If 3x + 4y : x + 2y = 9 : 4 , then find the value of
y = 0 y =- 7
3x + 5y : 3x - y .
3x + 4y
We have =9
x + 2y 4
Hence, 12x + 16y = 9x + 18y
or 3x = 2y
x = 2y
3
Substituting x = 2 y in the required expression we
3
have
3x 23 y + 5y 7y
= = 7 = 7: 1
3x 23 y - y y 1
7. A fraction becomes 4 when 1 is added to

both the numerator and denominator and it
becomes 7 when 1 is subtracted from both
the numerator and denominator. What is the The pair of both equations are parallel to x -axis and
numerator of the given fraction ? we know that parallel lines never intersects. So, there
is no solution of these lines.
If the equations kx - 2y = 3 and 3x + y = 5 represent
Let the fraction be x ,
11.
y two intersecting lines at unique point, then the value
x + 1 = 4 & x = 4y + 3 ...(1) of k is ........... .
y+1
and x - 1 = 7 & x = 7y - 6 ...(2)
y-1 For unique solution
Solving (1) and (2), we have x = 15 , y = 3 , a1 ! b1
a2 b2
8. x and y are 2 different digits. If the sum of the two Here, a1 = k , b1 = - 2 , a2 = 3 and b2 = 1
digit numbers formed by using both the digits is a
perfect square, then what is the value of x + y ? Now k !- 2
3 1
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2013] or, k !- 6
The numbers that can be formed are xy and
yx . Hence, (10x + y) + (10y + x) = 11 (x + y) 12. Find whether the pair of linear equations y = 0 and
. If this is a perfect square than x + y = 11. y = - 5 has no solution, unique solution or infinitely
many solutions.
9. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the
lines will be intersecting or coincident. Justify. Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2011]
The given variable y has different values.

Sol : [Board 2008]
Therefore the pair of equations y = 0 and
Condition for a consistent pair of linear y = - 5 has no solution.
equations
a1 ! b1 13. If am = bl, then find whether the pair of
a2 b2 linear equations ax + by = c and lx + my = n
[intersecting lines having unique solution] has no solution, unique solution or infinitely
a many solutions.
and 1
= b1 = c1 [coincident or dependent]
a2 b2 c2
Since, am = bl , we have 18. Find the value(s) of k so that the pair of equations
a = b !c x + 2y = 5 and 3x + ky + 15 = 0 has a unique solution.
1 m n Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
Thus, ax + by = c and lx + my = n has no solution. We have x + 2y - 5 = 0 ...(1)
14. If ad ! bc, then find whether the pair of linear and 3x + ky + 15 = 0 ...(2)
equations ax + by = p and cx + dy = q has no solution, Comparing equation (1) with a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 , and
unique solution or infinitely many solutions. equation (2) with a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , we get
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2015] a1 = 1, a2 = 3 , b1 = 2 , b2 = k , c1 = - 5 and c2 = 15
Since, given equations have unique solution, So,
Since ad ! bc or a ! b
c d a1 ! b1
Hence, the pair of given linear equations has a2 b2
unique solution. 1 !2
i.e.
3 k
15. Two lines are given to be parallel. The equation of one
k !6
of the lines is 4x + 3y = 14 , then find the equation of
the second line. Hence, for all values of k except 6, the given pair of
equations have unique solution.
Sol : [Board 2007]
The equation of one line is 4x + 3y = 14. We PRACTICE

know that if two lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and  For what value of p does the pair of linear
a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 are parallel, then equations given below has unique solution ?
a1 = b1 ! c1 4x + py + 8 = 0 and 2x + 2y + 2 = 0 .
a2 b2 c2 [Board Term-1 2012]
or 4 = 3 ! c1 & a2 = 4 = 12 Ans : p ! 4
a2 b2 c2 b2 3 9
Hence, one of the possible, second parallel line is
12x + 9y = 5. 19. If 2x + y = 23 and 4x - y = 19 , find the value of
16. Find whether the lines represented by 2x + y = 3 and (5y - 2x) and ^ yx - 2h .
4x + 2y = 6 are parallel, coincident or intersecting. Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2016] We have 2x + y = 23 ...(1)

Here a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = - 3 and a1 = 4, b2 = 2, c2 =- 6 4x - y = 19 ...(2)
If a1 = b1 = c1 Adding equation (1) and (2), we have
a2 b2 c2
6x = 42 & x = 7
then the lines are parallel.
Substituting the value of x in equation (1), we get
Clearly 2 =1=3
4 2 6 14 + y = 23
Hence lines are coincident. y = 23 - 14 = 9
17. Given the linear equation 3x + 4y = 9 . Write another Hence, 5y - 2x = 5 # 9 - 2 # 7
linear equation in these two variables such that the = 45 - 14 = 31
geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:
y
(1) intersecting lines and - 2 = 9 - 2 = 9 - 14 = - 5
x 7 7 7
(2) coincident lines.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] 20. Find whether the following pair of linear
equation is consistent or inconsistent:
(1) For intersecting lines a1 ! b1
a2 b2 3x + 2y = 8 , 6x - 4y = 9
So, one of the possible equation 3x - 5y = 10
Sol :
(2) For coincident lines a1 = b1 = c1
[Board Term-1 2016]
a2 b2 c2 3 ! 2
We have
So, one of the possible equation 6x + 8y = 18 6 -4
i.e., a1 ! b1 23. Solve the following pair of linear equations by cross

a2 b2 multiplication method:
Hence, the pair of linear equation is consistent. x + 2y = 2
21. Is the system of linear equations 2x + 3y - 9 = 0 and x - 3y = 7

4x + 6y - 18 = 0 consistent? Justify your answer. Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] We have x + 2y - 2 = 0
For the equation 2x + 3y - 9 = 0 we have
x - 3y - 7 = 0
a2 = 2, b1 = 3 and c1 = - 9
Using the formula
and for the equation, 4x + 6y - 18 = 0 we have x y 1
= =
a2 = 4, b2 = 6 and c2 = - 18 b1 c2 - b2 c1 c1 a2 - c2 a1 a1 b2 - a2 b1
a1 = 2 = 1 x y 1
Here we have = =
a2 4 2 - 14 - 6 -2 + 7 -3 - 2
b1 = 3 = 1 x = y = -1
b2 6 2 - 20 5 5
c1 = - 9 = 1 x = -1 & x = 4
and - 20 5
c2 - 18 2
y
Thus c1 = b1 = c1 = -1 & y =- 1
c2 b2 c2 5 5
Hence, system is consistent and dependent. PRACTICE
22. For what value of k , the pair of linear equations  Solve using cross multiplication method:
kx - 4y = 3, 6x - 12y = 9 has an infinite number of 5x + 4y - 4 = 0
solutions ?
x - 12y - 20 = 0
[Board Term-1 2015]
We have kx - 4y - 3 = 0 Ans : x = 2 and y = - 3
2
and 6x - 12y - 9 = 0
where, a1 = k, b1 = 4, c1 = - 3
24. Solve the following pair of linear equations by
a2 = 6, b2 = - 12, c2 - 9
substitution method:
Condition for infinite solutions: 3x + 2y - 7 = 0
a1 = b1 = c1 4x + y - 6 = 0
a2 b2 c2
k = -4 = 3 Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
6 - 12 9
We have 3x + 2y - 7 = 0 ...(1)
Hence, k =2
4x + y - 6 = 0 ...(2)
PRACTICE From equation (2), y = 6 - 4x ...(3)
 For what value of k, 2x + 3y = 4 and Putting this value of y in equation (1) we have
^k + 2h x + 6y = 3k + 2 will have infinitely many 3x + 2 ^6 - 4x h - 7 = 0
solutions ?
3x + 12 - 8x - 7 = 0
[Board Term-1 2012]
Ans : k = 2 5 - 5x = 0
5x = 5
 Find the value(s) of k for which the pair of linear Thus x =1

equations kx + y = k2 and x + ky = 1 have Substituting this value of x in (2), we obtain,
infinitely many solutions. y = 6-4#1 = 2
[Board Term-1 2017]
Ans : k = ! 1 Hence, values of x and y are 1 and 2 respectively.
PRACTICE Adding equation (3) and (4), we get

 Solve the following system of linear equations by 2u = 6 & u = 3
substitution method:
Substituting u = 3 in equation (3), we get v = 1.
2x - y = 2
Thus x = u1 = 13 and y = 1v = 11 = 1
x + 3y = 15
[Board Term-1 2012]
27. Solve graphically :
Ans : x = 3 and y = 4 2x - 3y + 13 = 0 ; 3x - 2y + 12 = 0
We have 2x - 3y + 13 = 0
25. Solve : 99x + 101y = 499 , 101x + 99y = 501
and 3x - 2y + 12 = 0
Now 2x - 3y = - 13
We have 99x + 101y = 499 ...(1)
y = 2x + 13
101x + 99y = 501 ...(2) 3
Adding equation (1) and (2), we have x 0 - 6.5 1
200x + 200y = 1000 y 4.3 0 5
x+y = 5 ...(3)
and 3x - 2y = - 12
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get
y = 3x + 12
- 2x + 2y = - 2 2
x-y = 1 ...(4) x 0 -4 -2
Adding equations (3) and (4), we have y 6 0 3
2x = 6 & x = 3 These lines intersect each other at point (- 2, 3)

Hence, x = - 2 and y = 3 .
Substituting the value of x in equation (3), we get
3+y = 5 & y = 2
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
26. Solve the following system of equations.

21 + 47 = 110 , 47 + 21 = 162 , x , y ! 0
x y x y
We have 21 + 47 = 110
x y
47 + 21 = 162
x y
Let 1
x = u and 1
y = v . then given equation become
21u + 47v = 110 ...(1)
and 47u + 21v = 162 ...(2)
Adding equation (1) and (2) we get
68u + 68v = 272
PRACTICE
u+v = 4 ...(3)
 Solve the pair of equations graphically :
Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we get 4x - y = 4 and 3x + 2y = 14
26u - 26v = 52 [Board Term-1 2014]
Ans : x = 2 and y = 4 .
u-v = 2 ...(4)
28. Solve graphically : 2x + 3y = 2 , x - 2y = 8 y = 3x - 6 ...(1)

Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] According to the second condition,
We have 2x + 3y = 2 ...(1) x =1
y-1 2
and x - 2y = 8 ...(2)
2x = y - 1
Taking equation (1), y = 2 - 2x y = 2x + 1 ...(2)
3
x 1 4 -2 From equation (1) and (2), we have
3x - 6 = 2x + 1 & x = 7
y 0 -2 2
Substitute value of x in equation (1), we get
and x - 2y = 8
y = 3 ^7 h - 6
Taking equation (2), y = x-8 = 21 - 6 = 15
2
x 0 8 4 Hence, fraction is 7 .
15
y -4 0 -2 30. Determine the values of m and n so that the following
Plotting the above points and drawing the lines system of linear equation have infinite number of
joining them, we get the graph of above equations. solutions :
^2m - 1h x + 3y - 5 = 0
3x + ^n - 1h y - 2 = 0
We have ^2m - 1h x + 3y - 5 = 0 ...(1)

Here a1 = 2m - 1, b1 = 3, c1 = - 5
3x + ^n - 1h y - 2 = 0 ...(2)
Here a2 = 3, b2 = ^n - 1h, c2 = - 2
For a pair of linear equations to have infinite number
of solutions,
a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2
2m - 1 = 3 = 5
3 n-1 2
or 2 ^2m - 1h = 15 and 5 ^n - 1h = 6
Hence, m = 17 , n = 11
4 5
PRACTICE
 Find the values of a and b for which the following

Two obtained lines intersect at point P (4, - 2). pair of linear equations has infinite number of
Hence, Solution of the given equation is x = 4 , y = - 2 solutions : 2x + 3y = 7; 2ax + â + bh y = 28 .
[Board Term-1 2011]
29. A fraction becomes 13 when 2 is subtracted from the Ans : a = 4 , and b = 8
numerator and it becomes 12 when 1 is subtracted
from the denominator- Find the fraction.
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi] 31. Represent the following pair of linear equations
graphically and hence comment on the condition of
Let the fraction be x . According to the first condition,
y consistency of this pair.
x-2 = 1 x - 5y = 6 and 2x - 10y = 12 .
y 3
3x - 6 = y Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
We have x - 5y = 6 or x = 5y + 6 2p - 1 2p + 1
From ! we have
3 1
x 6 1 -4
2p - 1 ! 6p + 3
y 0 -1 -2
4p !- 4
and 2x - 10y = 12 or x = 5y + 6
p !- 1
x 6 1 -4
Hence, system has no solution when p = 2
y 0 -1 -2
PRACTICE
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph.  Find the value of k for which the following pair of
equations has no solution :
x + 2y = 3, ^k - 1h x + ^k + 1h y = ^k + 2h .
[Board Term-1 2011]
Ans : k = 3
33. Solve for x and y :

x + 2y = - 1
2 3
y
x- = 3
3
Since the lines are coincident, so the system of linear We have x + 2y = - 1

equations is consistent with infinite many solutions. 2 3
3x + 4y = - 6 ...(1)
32. For what value of p will the following system of
equations have no solution ? and x -y =3
1 3
^2p - 1h x + ^p - 1h y = 2p + 1; y + 3x - 1 = 0 3x - y = 9 ...(2)
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we have
We have ^2p - 1h x + ^p - 1h y - ^2p + 1h = 0 5y = - 15 & y = - 1
Here a1 = 2p - 1, b1 = p - 1 and c1 = - ^2p + 1h Substituting y = - 3 in eq (1), we get
Also 3x + y - 1 = 0 3x + 4 ^- 3h = - 6
Here a2 = 3, b2 = 1 and c2 = - 1 3x - 12 = - 6
The condition for no solution is 3x = 12 - 6 & x = 2
a1 = b1 ! c1 Hence x = 2 and y = - 3.
a2 b2 c2
2p - 1 p-1 2p + 1 34. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the
= !
3 1 1 substitution and cross - multiplication method :
2p - 1 p-1
From = we have 8x + 5y = 9
3 1
3p - 3 = 2p - 1 3x + 2y = 4
3p - 2p = 3 - 1 Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
p =2 We have 8x + 5y = 9
p-1 2p + 1 or, 8x + 5y - 9 = 0 ...(1)
From ! we have
1 1 and 3x + 2y = 4
p - 1 ! 2p + 1 or 2p - p ! - 1 - 1 or, 3x + 2y - 4 = 0 ...(2)
p !- 2 Comparing equation (1) and (2) with ax + by + c = 0 ,
a1 = 8, b1 = 5, c1 = - 9 4x + 6y = 94 (4)
and a2 = 3, b2 = 2, c2 = - 4 Subtracting equation (4) from (3) we have
By cross-multiplication method, 5x = 65
x y 1 or x = 13
= =
b1 c2 - b2 c1 c1 a2 - c2 a1 a1 b2 - a2 b1 Substitute the value of x in equation (2),
x =
y 2 ^13h + 3y = 47
{^5 h^- 4h - ^2 h^- 9h} {^- 9h^3 h - ^- 4h^8h}
3y = 47 - 26 = 21
= 1
{8 # 2 - 3 # 5} y = 21 = 7
3
or, x = 1 and y = 1
-2 1 5 1 Hence, x = 13 and y = 7
x = - 2 and y = 5
We use substitution method. 36. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 , write
another linear equation in two variables such that the
From equation (2), we have
geometrical representation of the pair so formed is :
3x = 4 - 2y (a) intersecting lines
4 - 2y (b) parallel lines
or, x = ...(3)
3
(c) coincident lines.
Substituting this value of y in equation (3) in (1), we
get Sol : [Board Term-1 2014]
4 - 2y Given, linear equation is 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 ...(1)

8b
3 l
+ 5y = 9 a b
(a) For intersecting lines, 1 ! 1
a2 b2
32 - 16y + 15y = 27
To get its parallel line one of the possible equation
- y = 27 - 32 may be taken as
Thus y =5 5x + 2y - 9 = 0 (2)
Substituting this value of y in equation (3)
(b) For parallel lines, a1 = b1 ! c1
4 - 2 ^5 h a2 b2 c2
x = = 4 - 10 = - 2 One of the possible line parallel to equation
3 3
(1) may be taken as
Hence, x = - 2 and y = 5 .
6x + 9y + 7 = 0
(c) For coincident lines, a1 = b1 = c1
x + 1 + y - 1 = 9 ; x - 1 + y + 1 = 8. a2 b2 c2
2 3 3 2 To get its coincident line, one of the possible equation
may be taken as
x+1+y-1 = 9 4x + 6y - 16 = 0
We have
2 3
3 ^x + 1h + 2 ^y - 1h = 54 37. Solve for x and y :
6 - 3 =1
3x + 3 + 2y - 2 = 54 x-1 y-2
3x + 2y = 53 (1) 5 - 1 = 2 , where x ! 1, y ! 2.
x-1+y+1 = 8 x-1 y-2
and
3 2 Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2011]
2 ^x - 1h + 3 ^y + 1h = 48 6 - 3 =1
We have (1)
2x - 2 + 3y + 3 = 48 x-1 y-2
5 - 1 = 2, (2)
2x + 3y = 47 (2) x-1 y-2
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 we have
Let 1 = p and 1 = q . then given equations
9x + 6y = 159 (3) x-1 y-2
become
Multiplying equation (2) by 2 we have
6p - 3q = 1 ...(3)
and 5p - q = 2 ...(4) 39. Solve for x and y :

Multiplying equation (4) by 3 and adding in equation ax + by = a + b
(3), we have 2
3x + 5y = 4
21p = 7
p = 7 =1
21 3 We have ax + by = a + b
2
Substituting this value of p in equation (3), we have
or 2ax + 2by = a + b ...(1)
6 b 1 l - 3q = 1 and 3x + 5y = 4 ...(2)
3
2 - 3q = 1 & q = 1 Multiplying equation (1) by 5 we have
3
10ax + 10by = 5a + 5b ...(3)
Now, 1 =p=1
x-1 3 Multiplying equation (2) by 2b , we have
or, x-1 = 3 & x = 4 6bx + 10by = 8b ...(4)
and 1 =q=1
y-2 3 Subtracting (4) from (3) we have
or, y-2 = 3 & y = 5 (10a - 6b) x = 5a - 3b
Hence x = 4 and, y = 5. or x = 5a - 3b = 1
10a - 6b 2
38. Solve the following pair of equations for x and y : Substitute x = 1 in equation (2), we get
2
a2 - b2 = 0, a2 b + b2 a = a + b , 1
3 # + 5y = 4
x ! 0; y ! 0 . 2
x y x y
Sol : 5y = 4 - 3 = 5
[Board Term-1 2011] 2 2
2 2
a -b = 0 5
We have
x y y = =1
2#5 2
a2 b + b2 a = a + b = a + b
x y Hence x = 1 and y = 1 .
2 2
Substituting p = and q = 1 in the given equations,
1
40. Solve the following pair of equations for x and y :
x y
4x + 6 = 15, 6x - 8 = 14
2 2
a p-b q = 0 ...(1)
y y
a2 bp + b2 aq = a + b ...(2) and also find the value of p such that y = px - 2 .
Multiplying equation (1), by a Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
a3 p - b2 aq = 0 ...(3)
We have 4x + 6 = 15 (1)
y
Adding equation (2) and equation (3),
6x - 8 = 14 , (2)
â + a b h p = a + b y
3 2
â + b h Let 1 = z , the given equations become

or, p = 2 = 12 y
a â + b h a 4x + 6z = 15 ...(3)
Substituting the value of p in equation (1), 6x - 8z = 14 ...(4)
a2 b 12 l - b2 q = 0 & q = 12 Multiply equation (3) by 4 we have
a b
16x + 24z = 60 (5)
Now, p = 1 = 12 & x = a2
x a Multiply equation (4) by 3 we have
and q = 1 = 12 & y = b2 18x - 24z = 24 (6)
y b
Hence, x = a and y = b2
2 Adding equation (5) and (6) we have
34x = 102
x = 102 = 3
34
Substitute the value of x in equation (3), multiplication method:

4 ^3 h + 6z = 15 x + 2y = 2
6z = 15 - 12 = 3 x - 3y = 7
z =3=1 Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]

6 2
We have x + 2y - 2 = 0
Now z =1=1 & y =2
y 2 x - 3y - 7 = 0
Hence x = 3 and y = 2 . Using the formula
Again y = px - 2 x y 1
= =
b1 c2 - b2 c1 c1 a2 - c2 a1 a1 b2 - a2 b1
2 = p ^3 h - 2
x y 1
3p = 4 we have = =
- 14 - 6 -2 + 7 -3 - 2
Thus p =4 x = y = -1
3 - 20 5 5
41. Find whether the following pair of linear equations x = -1 & x = 4
has a unique solutions. If yes, find the solution : - 20 5
y
7x - 4y = 49, 5x - 6y = 57 . = -1 & y =- 1
5 5
We have 7x - 4y = 49 (1) PRACTICE
5x - 6y = 57 (2)  Solve using cross multiplication method:

Comparing with the equation a1 x + b1 y = c1 , 5x + 4y - 4 = 0
a1 = 7, b1 = - 4, c1 = 49 x - 12y - 20 = 0
[Board Term-1 2015]
a2 = 5, b2 = - 6, c2 = 57
Ans : x = 2 and y = - 3
a1 = 7 and b1 = 4 2
Since,
a2 5 b2 6
a1 ! b1
a2 b2
So, system has a unique solution.
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
Multiply equation (1) by 5 we get
43. For what value of k , which the following pair of linear
35x - 20y = 245 (3)
equations have infinitely many solutions:
Multiply equation (2) by 7 we get 2x + 3y = 7 and ^k + 1h x + ^2k - 1h y = 4k + 1
35x - 42y = 399 (4) Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
Subtracting (4) by (3) we have We have 2x + 3y = 7

22y = - 154 and ^k + 1h x + ^2k - 1h y = 4k + 1
y =- 7 Here a1 = 2 , b1 = 3
a2 k + 1 b2 ^2k - 1h
Putting the value of y in equation (2), c1 = -7 7
and =
5x - 6 ^- 7h = 57 c2 - ^4k + 1h ^4k + 1h
For infinite many solutions
5x = 57 - 42 = 15
a1 = b1 = c1
x =3 a2 b2 c2
Hence x = 3 and y = - 7 . a c
For 1 = 1 we have
a2 c2
42. Solve the following pair of linear equations by cross 2 = 7
k+1 4k + 1
2 ^4k + 1h = 7 ^k + 1h 2y - x = 8 , 5y - x = 14 and y - 2x = 1.
8k + 2 = 7k + 7 Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
k =5 We have 2y - x = 8
Hence, the value of k is 5, for which the given equation L1 : x = 2y - 8
have infinitely many solutions.
y 0 4 5
PRACTICE
x = 2y - 8 -8 0 2
 For what value of k , will the following pair of
equations have infinitely many solutions: 5y - x = 14
2x + 3y = 7 and ^k + 2h x - 3 ^1 - k h y = 5k + 1 L2 : x = 5y - 14
[Board 2019 OD]
Ans : k = 4 y 3 4 2
x = 5y - 14 1 6 -4
44. Find c if the system of equations and y - 2x = 1

cx + 3y + ^3 - c h = 0; 12x + cy - c = 0 has infinitely L3 : y = 1 + 2x
many solutions?
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi] x 0 1 2
We have cx + 3y + ^3 - c h = 0 y = 1 + 2x 1 3 5
12x + cy - c = 0
Here, a1 = c , b1 = 3 , c1 = 3 - c them, we get the graphical representation:
a2 12 b2 c c2 -c
For infinite many solutions,
a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2
For a1 = c1 we have,
a2 c2
c = 3-c
12 -c
- c2 = 36 - 12c
- c2 + 12c - 36 = 0
c2 - 12c + 36 = 0
c2 - 6c - 6c + 36 = 0
c ^c - 6h - 6 ^c - 6h = 0
^c - 6h^c - 6h = 0 & c = 6
and for b1 = c1 ,
b2 c2
3 = 3-c
c -c
- 3c = 3c - c2 Hence, the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle
ABC are A (1, 3), B (2, 5) and C (- 4, 2).
c2 - 6c = 0
c ^c - 6h = 0 & c = 6 or c ! 0 46. Determine graphically whether the following pair of
linear equations :
Hence, the value of c is 6, for which the given equations
have infinitely many solutions. 3x - y = 7
2x + 5y + 1 = 0 has :
45. Determine graphically the coordinates of the vertices
of triangle, the equations of whose sides are given by a. unique solution
b. infinitely many solutions or Hence x = 2 and y = - 1

c. no solution.
47. Aftab tells his daughter, ‘7 years ago, I was seven
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] times as old as you were then. Also, 3 years from now,
We have 3x - y = 7 I shall be three times as old as you will be.’ Represent
this situation algebraically and graphically.
or 3x - y - 7 = 0 (1)
Here a1 = 3, b1 = 1, c1 = - 7 Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
Let the present age of Aftab be x years and the age of

2x + 5y + 1 = 0 (2)
daughter be y years.
Here a2 = 2, b2 = 5, c2 = 1
7 years ago father’s(Aftab) age = ^x - 7h years
Now a1 = 3 , b1 = - 1
a2 2 b2 5 7 years ago daughter’s age = ^y - 7h years
Since 3 ! - 1 , thus a1 ! b1 According to the question,

2 5 a2 b2
Hence, given pair of linear equations has a unique ^x - 7h = 7 ^y - 7h
solution. or, ^x - 7y h = - 42
Now line (1) y = 3x - 7 (1)
x 0 2 3 After 3 years father’s(Aftab) age = ^x + 3h years
y -7 -1 2 After 3 years daughter’s age = ^y + 3h years
and line (2) According to the condition,
2x + 5y + 1 = 0 x + 3 = 3 ^y + 3h
or, x - 3y = 6 (2)
or, y = - 1 - 2x
5 From equation(1) x - 7y = - 42
x 2 -3 x 0 7 14
y -1 1
y = x + 42 6 7 8
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining 7
them, we get the following graph. From equation (2) x - 3y = 6
x 6 12 18
y = x-6 0 2 4
3

them, we get the following graph.
Two lines obtained intersect each other at ^42, 12h

Clearly, the two lines intersect at point ^2, - 1h . Hence, father’s age = 42 years
and daughter’s age = 12 years x 3 7 -1

y 3 6 0
48. For Uttarakhand flood victims two sections
A and B of class contributed Rs. 1,500. If the and 3x + 4y - 21 = 0
contribution of X-A was Rs. 100 less than
that of X-B, find graphically the amounts or, y = 21 - 3x
4
contributed by both the sections.
x 3 7 11
-2
y 3 0
Let amount contributed by two sections X-A and X-B
be Rs. x and Rs.y .
x + y = 1, 500 ...(1)
y - x = 100 ...(2)
From (1) y = 1500 - x
x 0 700 1,500
y 1,500 800 0
From (2) y = 100 + x
x 0 700
y 100 800
Clearly, the two lines intersect at point ^3, 3h .

(a) These lines intersect each other at point ^3, 3h .
Hence x = 3 and y = 3
(b) The vertices of triangular region are ^3, 3h , ^- 1, 0h
and ^7, 0h .
(c) Area of T = 1 ×8×3 = 12
2
Hence, Area of obtained T is 12 sq unit.
Clearly, the two lines intersect at point (700, 800) 50. The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1kg of grapes on a day
Hence X-A contributes 700 Rs and X-B contributes was found to be Rs. 160. After a month, the cost of
800 Rs. 4kg of apples and 2kg of grapes is Rs. 300. Represent
the situations algebraically and geometrically.
49. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations :
3x - 4y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y - 21 = 0
Let the cost of 1 kg of apples be Rs.x and cost of 1 kg
Find the co-ordinates of the vertices of the
of grapes be Rs. y .
triangular region formed by these lines and
x -axis. Also, calculate the area of this The given conditions can be represented given by the
triangle. following equations :
2x + y = 160 ...(1)
We have 3x - 4y + 3 = 0 4x + 2y = 300 ...(2)

From equation (1) y = 160 - 2x
or, y = 3x + 3
4
x 50 45
3Y = 2 - 1
y 60 70
Y =1
From equation (2) y = 150 - 2x 3
Now 1
Y = & 1 =1&y=9
x 50 40 3 y 3
y 50 70 Hence x = 4 , y = 9 .
Plotting these points on graph, we get two parallel 52. Draw the graphs of the equations x - y + 1 = 0 and
line as shown below. 3x + 2y - 12 = 0. Determine the co-ordinates of the
vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the
X-axis and shade the triangular region.
We have x-y+1 = 0 ...(1)

x 0 4 2
y = x+1 1 5 3
and 3x + 2y - 12 = 0 ...(2)
x 0 2 4
y = 12 - 3x 6 3 0
2

51. Solve the following pair of equations :

2 + 3 = 2 and 4 - 9 = - 1
x y x y
We have 2 + 3 =2
x y
4 - 9 =- 1
x y
Substitute 1 = X and 1 =Y
x y
2X + 3Y = 2 ...(1)
4X - 9Y = - 1 ...(2) Clearly, the two lines intersect at point D ^2, 3h .
Multiplying equation (1) by 3, and adding in (2) we Hence, x = 2 and y = 3 is the solution of the
get given pair of equations. The line CD intersects the
x -axis at the point E ^4, 0h and the line AB intersects
10X = 5 & X = 5 = 1
10 2 the x -axis at the points F ^- 1, 0h . Hence, the co-
Thus 1 1
= & x=4 ordinates of the vertices of the triangle are D ^2, 3h ,
2
x E ^4, 0h and F ^- 1, 0h .
Putting the value of X in equation (1), we get
2 # 1 + 3y = 2
2
53. Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically: 7x = - 14

x + 3y = 12, 2x - 3y = 12
x = - 14 = - 2
Also shade the region bounded by the line 2x - 3y = 2 7
Substituting the value of x in equation (1) we get
and both the co-ordinate axes.
2x - y + 3 = 0
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013, 2012]
2 ^- 2h - y + 3 = 0
We have x + 3y = 6 & y = 6 - x ...(1)
3 -4 - y + 3 = 0
x 3 6 0 -y - 1 = 0
y 1 0 2 y =- 1
and 2x - 3y = 12 & y = 2x - 12 Hence, x = - 2 and y = - 1.

3
x 0 6 3 55. Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically:
x - y = 1, 2x + y = 8
y -4 0 -2
Also find the co-ordinates of the points where the lines
represented by the above equation intersect y - axis.
We have x-y = 1 & y = x-1
x 2 3 -1
y 1 2 -2
and 2x + y = 8 & y = 8 - 2x
x 2 4 0
y 4 0 8

The two lines intersect each other at point B ^6, 0h .

Hence, x = 6 and y = 0
Again DOAB is the region bounded by the line
2x - 3y = 12 and both the co-ordinate axes.

2x - y + 3 = 0
3x - 5y + 1 = 0
We have 2x - y + 3 = 0 ...(1)
3x - 5y + 1 = 0 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 5,and subtracting (2)
from it we have
The two lines intersect each other at point A ^3, 2h .
Thus solution of given equations is x = 3, y = 2 .

Again, x - y = 1 intersects y - axis at ^0, - 1h
and 2x + y = 8 y - axis at ^0, 8h .
PRACTICE
 Draw the graphs of the pair of linear equations :

x + 2y = 5 and 2x - 3y = - 4
Also find the points where the lines meet the x -
axis.
[Board Term-1 2015]
Ans : ^5, 0h and ^- 2, 0h
Clearly two obtained lines intersect at point A ^3, 5h .

Hence, x = 3 and y = 5
ABC is the triangular shaded region formed by the
obtained lines with the y -axis.
PRACTICE
 Solve the following pair of linear equations

graphically:
2x + 3y = 12 and x - y = 1
56. Draw the graph of the following equations: Find the area of the region bounded by the two
2x - y = 1, x + 2y = 13 lines representing the above equations and y -axis.
[Board Term-1 2012]
Find the solution of the equations from the graph and
Ans : x = 3 and y = 2 , 7.5 square unit
shade the triangular region formed by the lines and
the y -axis.
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2012] 57. Solve the following pair of equations graphically:
We have 2x - y = 1 & y = 2x - 1 2x + 3y = 12, x - y - 1 = 0 .
x 0 1 3 Shade the region between the two lines represented by
-1 the above equations and the X -axis.
y 1 5
and x + 2y = 13 & y = 13 - x
2x + 3y = 12 & y = 12 - 2x
2
We have
3
x 1 3 5
x 0 6 3
y 6 5 4
y 4 0 2
them, we get the following graph. also x-y = 1 & y = x-1
x 0 1 3
y -1 0 2
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining Substituting the value of y from equation (3) in
them, we get the following graph. equation (2),
2x - 3 ^5 - x h = 4
2x - 15 + 3x = 4
5x = 19
x = 19
5
Substituting this value of x in equation (3), we get
y = 5 - 19 = 6
5 5
Hence x = 19 and y = 6
5 5
PRACTICE
 Solve 3x - 5y - 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7 by
elimination method and the substitution method.
[Board Term-1 OD 2012]
Ans : x = 9 and y = - 5
13 13
The two lines intersect each other at point (3, 2),  Solve for x and y :
Hence, x = 3 and y = 2. 3x + 4y = 10
DABC is the region between the two lines represented
2x - 2y = 2
by the given equations and the x -axis.
[Board Term-1 2015]
58. Solve x + y = 5 and 2x - 3y = 4 by elimination Ans : x = 2 and y = 1
method and the substitution method.
59. Solve for x and y : 2 ^3x - y h = 5xy, 2 ^x + 3y h = 5xy .
By Elimination Method :
We have, x+y = 5 ...(1)
We have 2 ^3x - y h = 5xy ...(1)
and 2x - 3y = 4 ...(2)
2 ^x + 3y h = 5xy ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and adding in (2) we
have Divide equation (1) and (2) by xy ,
3 ^x + y h + ^2x - 3y h = 3 # 5 + 4 6-2 =5 ...(3)
y x
or, 3x + 3y + 2x - 3y = 15 + 4
and 2+6 =5 ...(4)
5x = 19 & x = 19 y x
5
19 Let 1 = a and 1 = b , then equations (3) and (4)
Substituting x = in equation (1), y x
5 become
19 + y = 5 6a - 2b = 5 ...(5)
5
y = 5 - 19 = 25 - 19 = 6 2a + 6b = 5 ...(6)
5 5 5
Multiplying equation (5) by 3 and then adding with
Hence, x = 19 and y = 6 equation (6),
5 5
By Substituting Method : 20a = 20
We have, x+y = 5 ...(1) a =1
and 2x - 3y = 4 ...(2) Substituting this value of a in equation (5),
From equation (1), y = 5 - x ...(3) b =1
2
Now 1 =a=1 & y =1 ^p + q + 1h x + ^p + 2q + 2h y = 4 ^p + q h + 1

y
Comparing given equation to ab + by + c = 0 we have
and 1 =b=1 & x =2
x 2 a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = - 7
a2 = p + q + 1, b2 = p + 2q + 2, c2 = - 4 ^p + q h - 1
Hence, x = 2, y = 1
For coincident lines,
60. For what values of a and b does the following pair a1 = b1 = c1
of linear equations have infinite number of solution ? a2 b2 c2
2x + 3y = 7, a ^x + y h - b ^x - y h = 3a + b - 2 2 = 3 = 7
p+q+1 p + 2q + 2 4 ^p + q h + 1
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] 3 7
From = we have
We have 2x + 3y - 7 = 0 p + 2q + 2 4 ^p + q h + 1
7p + 14q + 14 = 12p + 12q + 3
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = - 7
5p - 2q - 11 = 0 ...(1)
and a ^x + y h - b ^x - y h = 3a + b - 2
ax + ay - bx + by = 3a + b - 2 From 2 = 7 we have
p+q+1 4 ^p + q h + 1
â - b h x + â + b h y - ^3a + b - 2h = 0 8 ^p + q h + 2 = 7p + 7q + 7
Here a2 = a - b, b2 = a + b, c2 = - ^3a + b - 2h 8p + 8q + 2 = 7p + 7q + 7
For infinite many solutions p+q-5 = 0 ...(2)
a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2 Multiplying equation (2) by 5 we have
2 = 3 = -7 5p + 5q - 25 = 0 ...(3)
a-b a + b ^3a + b - 2h
Subtracting equation (1) from (3) we get
From 2 = 7 we have 7q = 14
a-b 3a + b - 2
2 ^3a + b - 2h = 7 â - b h q =2
6a + 2b - 4 = 7a - 7b Hence, p = 3 and q = 2 .
a - 9b = - 4 ...(1)
From 3 = 7 we have WORD PROBLEMS

a+b 3a + b - 2
3 ^3a + b - 2h = 7 â + b h
62. In the figure, ABCDE is a pentagon with BE z CD
9a + 3b - 6 = 7a + 7b and BC z DE . BC is perpendicular to CD. AB = 5 cm,
2a - 4b = 6 AE = 5 cm, BE = 7 cm, BC = x - y and CD = x + y.
If the perimeter of ABCDE is 27 cm. Find the value
a - 2b = 3 ...(2)
of x and y , given x , y ! 0 .
Subtracting equation (1) from (2),
- 7b = - 7
b =1
Substituting the value of b in equation (1),
a =5
Hence, a = 5, b = 1.
61. Find the value of p and q for which the system of

equations represent coincident lines 2x + 3y = 7 ,
^p + q + 1h x + ^p + 2q + 2h y = 4 ^p + q h + 1
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012] Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
We have 2x + 3y = 7 We have redrawn the given figure as shown below.

dimensions of garden.
Let the length of the garden be x m and its width be

y m.
Perimeter of rectangular garden
p = 2 ^x + y h
Since half perimeter is given as 36 m,
x + y = 36 ...(1)
Also, x = y+4
or x-y = 4 ...(2)
We have CD = BE
Now adding eq (1) and (2) we have
x+y = 7 ...(1)
40
Also, perimeter of ABCDE is 27 cm, thus 2x = 40 & x = 2 = 20
AB + BC + CD + DE + AE = 27 Subtracting eq (2) from (1) we have
5 + (x - y) + (x + y) + (x - y) + 5 = 27 32
2y = 32 & x = 2 = 16
3x - y = 17 ...(2)
Hence, length is 20 m and width is 16 m.
Adding equation (1) and (2) we have
4x = 24 & x = 6 64. In Figure, ABCD is a rectangle. Find the values of
Substituting x = 6 in equation (1) we obtain x and y .
y = 7-x = 7-6 = 1
Thus x = 6 and y = 1.
PRACTICE
 In the figure below ABCDE is a pentagon with

BE | | CD and BC | | DE. BC is perpendicular to
DC. If the perimeter of ABCDE is 21 cm, find
the values of x and y . Sol : [Board 2018]
Since ABCD is a rectangle, we have

AB = CD and BC = AD
Now x + y = 30 ...(1)
x - y = 14 ...(2)
Adding equation (1) and (3) we obtain,
2x = 44 & x = 44 = 22
2
Substituting value of x in equation (1) we
have
22 + y = 30
y = 30 - 22 = 8
x = 22 cm and y = 8 cm
[Board 2010]
Ans : x = 5 and y = 0 . PRACTICE
 In the figure given below, ABCD is a rectangle.

Find the values of x and y .
63. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose
length is 4 m more then its width, is 36 m. Find the
66. In an election contested between A and B, A obtained

votes equal to twice the no. of persons on the electoral roll
who did not cast their votes and this later number was
equal to twice his majority over B. If there were 1,8000
persons on the electoral roll. How many votes for B.
Let x and y be the no. of votes for A and B respectively.

The no. of persons who did not vote is 18000 - x - y .
We have x = 2 ^18000 - x - y h
[Board Term-1 2012]
Ans : x = 19 and y = 3. 3x + 2y = 36000 ...(1)
and ^18000 - x - y h = 2 ^x - y h
65. 2 man and 7 boys can do a piece of work in 4 days. or 3x - y = 18000 ...(2)
It is done by 4 men and 4 boys in 3 days. How long Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1),
would it take for one man or one boy to do it ?
3y = 18000
y = 6000
Let the man can finish the work in x days and the boy
can finish work in y days. Hence vote for B is 6000.
Work done by one man in one day = 1 67. Sum of the ages of a father and the son is 40 years. If
x
father’s age is three times that of his son, then find
And work done by one boy in one day = 1 their respective ages.
y
2+7 = 1 ...(1)
x y 4 Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
4+4 =1 Let age of father and son be x and y respectively.

and ...(2)
x y 3 x + y = 40 ...(1)
Let 1 be a and 1 be b , then we have x = 3y ...(2)
x y
2a + 7b = 1 ...(3) Solving equations (1) and (2), we get
4
x = 30 and y = 10
and 4a + 4b = 1 ...(4)
3 Ages are 30 years and 10 years.
Multiplying equation (3) by 2 and subtract equation
(4) from it 68. The present age of the father is twice the sum of the
ages of his 2 children. After 20 years, his age will be
10b = 1 equal to the sum of the ages of his children. Find the
6
age of the father.
b= 1 =1
60 y
Thus y = 60 days. Let the sum of the ages of the 2 children be x and the
age of the father be y years.
Substituting b = 1 in equation (3), we have
60
Now y = 2x
2a + 7 = 1 2x - y = 0 ...(1)
60 4
2a = 1 - 7 and 20 + y = x + 40
4 60
x - y = - 20 ...(2)
a = 1
15 Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
Now 1 =1 x = 20
15 x
From(1), y = 2x = 2 # 20 = 40
Thus x = 15 days.
Hence, the age of the father is 40 years.
69. A part of monthly hostel charge is fixed and the 5x + 2y = 1750 ...(2)
remaining depends on the number of days one has
Multiplying equation (1) by 2 and equation (2) by 3,
taken food in the mess. When Swati takes food for
20 days, she has to pay Rs. 3,000 as hostel charges 8x + 6y = 4200 ...(3)
whereas Mansi who takes food for 25 days Rs. 3,500 15x + 6y = 5250 ...(iv)
as hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost
Subtracting equation (3) from (4) we have
of food per day.
7x = 1050
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015]
Let fixed charge be x and per day food cost be y x = 150

x + 20y = 3000 ...(1) Substituting the value of x in (1), y = 500
x + 25y = 3500 ...(2) Thus cost of chair and table is Rs 150, Rs 500
respectively.
72. A chemist has one solution which is 50 ~ acid and a
5y = 500 & y = 100
second which is 25 ~ acid. How much of each should
Substituting this value of y in (1), we get be mixed to make 10 litre of 40 ~ acid solution.
x + 20 ^100h = 3000
x = 1000 Let 50 ~ acids in the solution be x and 25 ~ of other
Thus x = 1000 and y = 100 solution be y .
Total volume in the mixture
Fixed charge and cost of food per day are Rs. 1,000
and Rs. 100. x + y = 10 ...(1) 1
and 50 x + 25 y = 40 10
70. Seven times a two digit number is equal to four times 100 100 100 #
the number obtained by reversing the order of its
2x + y = 16 ...(2) 1
digits. If the difference of the digits is 3, determine
the number. Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we have
Sol : [Board Term-1 2017] x =6
Let the ten’s and unit digit by y and x respectively, Substituting this value of x in equation (1)
So the number is 10y + x we get
The number when digits are reversed becomes 10x + y
6 + y = 10
Thus 7 ^10y + x h = 4 ^10x + y h
y =4
70y + 7x = 40x + 4y
Hence, x = 6 and y = 4 .
70y - 4y = 40x - 7x
73. It can take 12 hours to fill a swimming pool using two
2y = x ...(1)
pipes. If the pipe of larger diameter is used for four
or x-y = 3 ...(2) hours and the pipe of smaller diameter for 9 hours,
From (1) and (2) we get only half of the pool can be filled. How long would it
take for each pipe to fill the pool separately?
y = 3 and x = 6
Hence the number is 36.
Let x be time taken to fill the pool by the larger
71. 4 chairs and 3 tables cost Rs 2100 and 5 chairs and diameter pipe and y be the time taken to fill the pool
2 tables cost Rs 1750. Find the cost of one chair and by the smaller diameter pipe.
one table separately. According to question,
1+1 = 1 ...(1)
x y 12
Let cost of 1 chair be Rs x and cost of 1 table be Rs
and 4+9 =1 ...(2)
y According to the question, x y 2
4x + 3y = 2100 ...(1) Multiplying equation (1) by 9 and subtracting from
equation (2), we get According to the given condition, we have

5 = 9 -1 = 1 st = ^s + 10h^t - 2h
x 12 2 4
st = st - 2s + 10t - 20
x = 20
Substituting the value of x in equation (1), we have 2s - 10t + 20 = 0
1 +1 = 1 s - 5t = - 10 (1)
20 y 12
and st = ^s - 10h^t + 3h
1 = 1 - 1 = 5-3
y 12 20 60 st = st + 3s - 10t - 30
1 = 2 = 1 & y = 30 3s - 10t = 30 ...(2)
y 60 30
Hence, time taken to fill the pool by the larger Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and subtracting
and smaller diameter pipe are 20 hrs and 30 hrs equation (2) from equation (1),
respectively. 3 # ^s - 5t h - ^3s - 10t h = - 3 # 10 - 30
- 5t = - 60 & t = 12
74. A man can row a boat downstream 20 km in 2 hours
and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find his speed of Substituting value of t equation (1),
rowing in still water. Also find the speed of the stream. s - 5 # 12 = - 10
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] s = - 10 + 60 = 50
Let x be the speed of the boat in still water and y be
Hence, the distance covered by the train
the speed of the stream.
Relative Speed of boat in upstream will = 50 # 12 = 600 km.
be (x - y) and relative speed of boat in
downstream will be (x + y). 76. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 11:7 and the
ratio of their expenditures is 9:5. If each of them
manages to save Rs 400 per month, find their monthly
20 = 2 incomes.
x+y
x + y = 10 ...(1)
Let the incomes of two persons be 11x and 7x .
and 4 =2
x-y Also the expenditures of two persons be 9y and 5y .
x-y = 2 ...(2) 11x - 9y = 400 ...(1)
Adding equation (1) and (2), we have and 7x - 5y = 400 ...(2)
2x = 12 & x = 6 km/hr Multiplying equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by 9
Substituting the value of x is equation (1) we have, we have
6 + y = 10 & y = 10 - 6 = 4 km/hr 55x - 45y = 2000 ...(3)
Thus speed of a boat in still water is 6 km/hr and and 63x - 45y = 3600 ...(4)
speed of the stream 4 km/hr. Subtracting, above equation we have
75. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. - 8x = - 1600
If the train would have been 10 km/hr scheduled time. - 1, 600
or, x = = 200
And, if the train were slower by 10 km/hr, it would -8
have taken 3 hr more than the scheduled time. Find Hence Their monthly incomes are 11 # 200 = Rs
the distance covered by the train. 2200 and 7 # 200 = Rs 1400.
77. A and B are two points 150 km apart on a highway.
Let the actual speed of the train be s and actual time Two cars start A and B at the same time. If they
taken t . move in the same direction they meet in 15 hours. But
Distance = Speed × Time if they move in the opposite direction, they meet in 1
hours. Find their speeds.
= st km
Let the speed of the car I from A be x and speed of the fraction.
the car II from B be y . [Board Term-1 2012]
7
Same Direction : Ans : 9
Distance covered by car I

= 150 +(distance covered by car II)
79. A two digit number is obtained by either multiplying
15x = 150 + 15y the sum of digits by 8 and then subtracting 5 or by
15x - 15y = 150 multiplying the difference of digits by 16 and adding
3. Find the number.
x - y = 10 ...(1)
Opposite Direction :
Let the digits of number be x and y , then number
Distance covered by car I + distance covered by car II will 10x + y .
= 150 km According to the question, we have
8 ^x + y h - 5 = 10x + y
x + y = 150 ...(2)
2x - 7y + 5 = 0 ...(1)
Adding equation (1) and (2), we have x = 80 .
also 16 ^x - y h + 3 = 10x + y
Substituting x = 80 in equation (1), we have y = 70 .
6x - 17y + 3 = 0 ...(2)
Speed of the car I from A = 80 km/hr and speed of
the car II from B = 70 km/hr. Comparing the equation with ax + by + c = 0 we get
a1 = 2, b1 = - 1, c1 = 5
78. If 2 is subtracted from the numerator and 1 is added
to the denominator, a fraction becomes 12 , but when a2 = 6, b2 = - 17, c2 = 3
4 is added to the numerator and 3 is subtracted from x y 1
Now = =
the denominator, it becomes 32 . Find the fraction. b1 c2 - b2 c1 c1 a2 - c2 a1 a1 b2 - a2 b1
Sol : x y
[Board Term-1 2012] =
^- 7h^3 h - ^- 17h^5h ^5h^6 h - ^2h^3 h
Let the fraction be x then we have
y = 1
x-2 = 1 ^2h^- 17h - ^6 h^- 7h
y+1 2
x y 1
= =
2x - 4 = y + 1 - 21 + 85 30 - 6 - 34 + 42
2x - y = 5 ...(1)1 x = y =1
64 24 8
Also, x+4 = 3
y-3 2 80. A fraction become 119 if 2 is added to both numerator
2x + 8 = 3y - 9 ] and denominator. If 3 is added to both numerator and
denominator it becomes 56 . Find the fraction.
2x - 3y = - 17 ...(2) 1
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1),
Let the fraction be x , then according to the question,
2y = 22 & y = 11 y
x+2 = 9
Substituting this value of y in equation (1) we have, y+2 11
2x - 11 = 5 11x + 22 = 9y + 18
x =8 or, 11x - 9y + 4 = 0 ...(1)
x+3 = 5
Hence, Fraction = 8 and
y+3 6
11
or, 6x - 5y + 3 = 0 ...(2)
PRACTICE
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
 A fraction become 119 if 2 is added to both
numerator and denominator. If 3 is added to both we get a1 = 11, b1 = 9, c1 = 4 ,
numerator and denominator it becomes 56 . Find a2 = 6, b2 = - 5, and c2 = 3
x y 1 2x - 7y + 5 = 0 ...(1)
Now = =
b1 c2 - b2 c1 c1 a2 - c2 a1 a1 b2 - a2 b1
also 16 ^x - y h + 3 = 10x + y
x y
= 6x - 17y + 3 = 0 ...(2)
^- 9h^3 h - ^- 5h^4h ^4h^6 h - ^11h^3 h
1 Comparing the equation with ax + by + c = 0 we get
=
1
^11h^- 5h - ^9h^- 9h a1 = 2, b1 = - 7, c1 = 5
x y 1
or, = = a2 = 6, b2 = - 17, c2 = 3
- 27 + 20 24 - 33 - 55 + 54
x = y = 1 x y 1
Now = =
-7 -9 -1 b1 c2 - b2 c1 c1 a2 - c2 a1 a1 b2 - a2 b1
x y
Hence, x = 7, y = 9 =
(- 7) (3) - (- 17) (5) (5) (6) - (2) (3)
Thus fraction is 7 . = 1
9 (2) (- 17) - (6) (- 7)
81. If a bag containing red and white balls, half the number x y 1
= =
of white balls is equal to one-third the number of red - 21 + 85 30 - 6 - 34 + 42
balls. Thrice the total number of balls exceeds seven x = y =1
times the number of white balls by 6. How many balls 64 24 8
of each colour does the bag contain ? y
x = =1
8 3
Let the number of red balls be x and white balls be y . Hence, x = 8, y = 3

According to the question, So required number = 10 # 8 + 3 = 83 .
y
= 1 x or 2x - 3y = 0 ...(1) 83. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units,
2 3
if its length is reduced by 5 units and the breadth
and 3 ^x + y h - 7y = 6
is increased by 3 units. The area is increased by 67
or 3x - 4y = 6 ...(2) square units if length is increased by 3 units and
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by we breadth is increased by 2 units. Find the perimeter of
have the rectangle.
6x - 9y = 0 ...(3) Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012]
6x - 8y = 12 ...(4) Let length of given rectangle be x and breadth be y ,

Subtracting equation (3) from (4) we have then area of rectangle will be xy .
According to the first condition we have
y = 12
^x - 5h^y + 3h = xy - 9
Substituting y = 12 in equation (1),
or, 3x - 5y = 6 ...(1)
2x - 36 = 0
According to the second condition, we have
x = 18
^x + 3h^y + 2h = xy - 67
Hence, number of red balls = 18
or, 2x + 5y = 61 ...(2)
and number of white balls = 12
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 5
and then adding,
82. A two digit number is obtained by either multiplying
the sum of digits by 8 and then subtracting 5 or by 9x - 15y = 18
multiplying the difference of digits by 16 and adding 10x + 15y = 305
3. Find the number.
x = 323 = 17
Let the digits of number be x and y , then number Substituting this value of x in equation (1),
will 10x + y . 3 ^17h - 5y = 6
According to the question, we have
5y = 51 - 6
8 ^x + y h - 5 = 10x + y
y =9
Hence, perimeter = 2 ^x + y h = 2 ^17 + 9h = 52 units. 3x = 57

x = 19 years
84. The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If
3 students are extra in a row, there would be 1 row Putting x = 19 in equation (3),
less. If 3 students are less in a row, there would be 2
19 - y = 3
rows more. Find the number of students in the class.
y = 16 years
Let the number of students in a row be x and the Case II : When x - y = - 3 ...(4)
number of rows be y . Thus total will be xy . Subtracting equation (iv) from equation (2),
Now ^x + 3h^y - 1h = xy 3x = 60 + 3
xy + 3y - x - 3 = xy 3x = 63
- x + 3y - 3 = 0 ...(1)
x = 21 years
and ^x - 3h^y + 2h = xy
Subtracting equation (4), we get
xy - 3y + 2x - 6 = xy
21 - y = - 3
2x - 3y - 6 = 0 ...(2)
y = 24 years
Multiply equation (1) 2 we have
- 2x + 6y - 6 = 0 ...(3) Hence, Ani’s age = 19 years or 21 years Biju age = 16
Adding equation (2) and (3) we have years or 24 years.
3y - 12 = 0 86. One says, “Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then

y =4 become twice as rich as you.” The other replies, “If
you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as you.”
Substitute y = 4 in equation (1)
Tell me what is the amount of their (respective)
- x + 12 - 3 = 0 capital.
x =9 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
Total students xy = 9 # 4 = 36 Let the amount of their respective capitals be x and

y.
Total students in the class is 36.
According to the given condition,
85. The ages of two friends ani and Biju differ by 3 years. x + 100 = 2 ^y - 100h
Ani’s father Dharam is twice as old as ani and Biju
x - 2y = - 300 ...(1)
is twice as old as his sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy
and Dharam differ by 30 year. Find the ages of Ani and 6 ^x - 10h = y + 10
and Biju. 6x - y = 70 ...(2)
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] Multiplying equation (2) by 2 we have
Let the ages of Ani and Biju be x and y , respectively. 12x - 2y = 140 ...(3)
According to the given condition, Subtracting (1) from equation (3) we have
x - y =! 3 ...(1)
11x = 440
Also, age of Ani’s father Dharam = 2x years
x = 40
y
And age of Biju’s sister = years Substituting x = 40 in equation (1),
2
According to the given condition, 40 - 2y = - 300
y or, 2y = 340
2x - = 30
2
y = 170
4x - y = 60 ...(2)
Hence, the amount of their respective capitals are 40
Case I : When x - y = 3 ...(3) and 170.
Subtracting equation (3) from equation (2),
87. At a certain time in a deer, the number of heads and
the number of legs of deer and human visitors were or, 3y = 3 & y = 1
counted and it was found that there were 39 heads Now substituting these value of x and y
and 132 legs.
y
Find the number of deer and human visitors in the 2x + = 2 # 3 + 1 = 6.5
2 2
park. The perimeter of equilateral triangle = side # 3
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] = 6.5 # 3 = 19.5 cm
Let the no. of deer be x and no. of human be y . Hence, the perimeter of T = 19.5 m
According to the question,
x + y = 39 ...(1) 89. When 6 boys were admitted and 6 girls left, the
percentage of boys increased from 60% to 75%. Find
and 4x + 2y = 132 ...(2) the original no. of boys and girls in the class.
Multiply equation (1) from by 2, Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
2x + 2y = 78 ...(3) Let the no. of boys be x and no. of girls be y .

Subtract equation (3) from (2), No. of students = x + y
Now x = 60 ...(1)
2x = 54 x+y 100
x = 27 and x+6 = 75 ...(2)
^x + 6h + ^y - 6h 100
Substituting this value of x in equation (1)
From (1), we have
27 + y = 39
100x = 60x + 60y
y = 12
40x - 60y = 0
So, No. of deer = 27 and No. of human = 12
2x - 3y = 0
88. The length of the sides of a triangle are 2x = 3y (3)
2x + y2 , 53x + y + 12 and 23 x + 2y + 52 . If the triangle is
From (2) we have
equilateral , find its perimeter.
100x + 600 = 75x + 75y
For an equilateral T, 25x - 75y = - 600

y x - 3y = - 24 ...(4)
2x + = 5x + y + 1 = 1 x + 2y + 5
2 3 2 2 2 Substituting the value of 3y from (3) in to (4) we
4x + y 10x + 6y + 3 have,
Now =
2 6
x - 2x = - 24 & x = 24
12x + 3y = 10x + 6y + 3
3y = 24 # 2
2x - 3y = 3 ...(1)
y = 16
y
Again, 2x + = 2 x + 2y + 5 Hence, no. of boys is 24 and no. of girls is 16.
2 3 2
4x + y 4x + 12y + 15 A cyclist, after riding a certain distance, stopped
= 90.
2 6
for half an hour to repair his bicycle, after which he
12x + 3y = 4x + 12y + 15 completes the whole journey of 30 km at half speed in
8x - 9y = 15 ...(2) 5 hours. If the breakdown had occurred 10 km farther
off, he would have done the whole journey in 4 hours.
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 we have Find where the breakdown occurred and his original
6x - 9y = 9 ...(1) speed.
Subtracting it from (2) we get Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
2x = 6 & x = 3 Let x be the distance of the place where breakdown

Substituting this value of x into (1), we get occurred and y be the original speed,
x + 30 - x = 5
2 # 3 - 3y = 3 y y
2
or x + 60 - 2x = 5 Sum of ages of his children = ^y + 10h years

y y
According to the given condition,
x + 60 - 2x = 5y
x = 3y ...(1)
x + 5y = 60 ...(1)
and x + 5 = 2 ^y + 10h
30 - ^x + 10h
and x + 10 + =4 or, x - 2y = 15 ...(2)
y y
2
x + 10 + 60 - 2 ^x + 10h = 4 Solving equation (1) and (2), we have

y y 3y - 2y = 15 & y = 15
x + 10 + 60 - 2x - 20 = 4y
Substituting value of y in equation (1), we get
- x + 50 = 4y
x = 3 # 15 = 45
x + 4y = 50 (2)
Hence, father’s present age is 45,
Subtract equation (2) from (1), y = 10 km/hr.
93. A boat goes 30 km upstream and 44 km downstream
Now from (2), x + 40 = 50 & x = 10 km
in 10 hours. In 13 hours, it can go 40 km upstream
Break down occurred at 10 km and original speed was and 55 km downstream. Determine the speed of the
10 km/hr. stream and that of the boat in still water.
91. The population of a village is 5000. If in a year, the Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
number of males were to increase by 5% and that of a Let x be the speed of boat in still water and y be the
female by 3% annually, the population would grow to speed of stream.
5202 at the end of the year. Find the number of males Relative speed of boat in downstream will be x + y
and females in the village. and relative speed of boat in upstream will be x - y .
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] Time taken to go 30 km upstream,
Let the number of males be x and females be y 30
t1 = -
x y
Now x+y = 5, 000 ...(1)
Time taken to go 44 km downstream,
3y
and x+ 5 x+y+ = 5202 40
100 100 t2 = +
x y
5x + 3y
+ 5000 = 5202 According to the first condition we have
100
5x + 3y = ^5202 - 5000h # 100 30 + 44 = 10 ...(1)
x-y x+y
5x + 3y = 20200 (2) Similarly according to the second condition we have
Multiply (1) by 3 we have 40 + 55 = 13 ...(2)
x-y x+y
3x + 3y = 15, 000 ...(3)
Subtracting (2) from (3) we have Let 1 = u and 1 = u , then we have
x-y x+y
2x = 5200 & x = 2600 30u + 44 u = 10 ...(3)
Substituting value of x in (1) we have 40u + 55 u = 13 ...(4)
2600 - y = 5000 & y = 2400 Multiplying equation (3) by 4 and equation (4) by 3
Thus no. of males is 2600 and no. of females is 2400. and then subtracting we have
11v = 1 & u = 1
92. A father’s age is three times the sum of the ages of 11
his two children. After 5 years his age will be two Multiplying equation (3) by 5 and equation (4) by 4
times the sum of their ages. Find the present age of and then subtracting we have
the father. - 10u = - 2 ...(4)
Sol :
u =1
[Board 2019 Delhi]
Let x be the age of father and y be the sum of the 5

ages of his children. Now u = 1 =1
After 5 years, x-y 5
Father’s age = ^x + 5h years x-y = 5 (5)

and u = 1 = 1 2 (3y) = 5y + 15 [from eq (1)]

x+y 11
6y = 5y + 15
x + y = 11 (6)
y = 15
Adding equation (5) and (6), we get
Again, from eq (1)
2x = 16 & x = 8
x = 3y = 3 # 15 = 45
Substitute value of x in equation (5), we get
Hence, Sumit’s present age is 45 years.
8-y = 5 & y = 3
Hence speed of boat in still water is 8 km/hour and
and speed of stream is 3 km/hour.
PRACTICE
95. Lawn Service : Nitin and his sons run a lawn service,
 A motor boat can travel 30 km upstream and 28 which includes mowing, edging, trimming, and
km downstream in 7 hours. It can travel 21 km aerating a lawn. His fixed cost includes insurance,
upstream and return in 5 hours. Find the speed his salary, and monthly payments on equipment, and
of the boat in still water and the speed of the amounts to Rs 4000 per month. The variable costs
stream. include gas, oil, hourly wages for his employees, and
[Board Term-1 2012] miscellaneous expenses, which run about Rs 75 per
Ans : 10 km/hr and 4 km/hr. lawn. The average charge for full service lawn care is
Rs 115 per visit.
(i) How many lawns Nitin must service each month
 A boat covers 32 km upstream and 36 km
to break even ?
downstream in 7 hours. Also, it covers 40 km
upstream and 48 km downstream in 9 hours. Find (ii) What is the revenue required to break even ?
the speed of the boat in still water and that of (iii) What is the revenue if they get 90 services ?
the stream.
[Board Term-1 2012]
Ans : 10 km/hr and 2 km/hr.
94. Sumit is 3 times as old as his son. Five years later he

shall be two and a half times as old as his son. How
old is Sumit at present?
Let x be Sumit’s present age and y be his son’s

present age.
According to given condition,
x = 3y
After five years, ...(1) Sol :
Sumit’s age = x + 5 Let x represent the number of service. Break even
point occur when cost is equal to revenue. Let y
and His son’s age = y + 5 represent both cost and revenue at break even since
Now, again according to given condition, they are equal.
x + 5 = 2 1 (y + 5) (i) Fixed cost = 4000

2
Variable cost for each service = 75
x + 5 = 5 (y + 5) Total cost for x service,
2
2 (x + 5) = 5 (y + 5) y = 75x + 4000
Charge for per visit = 115
2x + 10 = 5y + 25
Total revenue for x service,
2x = 5y + 15
y = 115x 45x + 8400 = 69x

At breakeven revenue must be equal to cost. 8400 = 24x & x = 350
Thus, 115x = 75x + 4000 Thus, 350 units/month are required for breakeven.
40x = 4000 & x = 100 (ii) Revenue required to break even,
Thus, 100 lawns/month are required for breakeven. y = 690 # 350

(ii) Revenue required to break even, = 241500 Rs per month
y = 115 # 100
97. Theatre Productions : A play is a work of drama,
= 11500 Rs per month usually consisting mostly of dialogue between
(iii) Revenue for 90 services, characters and intended for theatrical performance
rather than just reading. Comedies are plays which
y = 115x
are designed to be humorous. Comedies are often
= 115 # 90 = 1015 Rs filled with witty remarks, unusual characters, and
strange circumstances. Certain comedies are geared
96. Production of Frying Pan : Due to high market toward different age groups.
demand, a manufacturer decides to introduce a new
line of frying pan. By using existing factory space and
retraining some employees, fixed costs are estimated
at Rs 84000/mo. The components to assemble and
test each frying pan are expected to run Rs 450 per
unit. If market research shows consumers are willing
to pay at least Rs 690 for this product, find
(i) How many units must be made and sold each
month to break even ?
(ii) What is the revenue required to break even ?
At a recent production of a comedy drama, the

Ravindra Rangmanch Theater brought in a total of
Rs 304950 in revenue. If adult tickets were Rs 90 and
children’s tickets were Rs 65, how many tickets of
each type were sold if 3800 tickets in all were sold?
Sol :
Let a represent the number of adult tickets sold and c
represent the number of child tickets sold.
Sol :
Since adult tickets were Rs 90 and children’s tickets
Let x represent the number of units made. Break
were Rs 65, revenue is Rs 304950, thus
even point occur when cost is equal to revenue. Let y
represent both cost and revenue at break even since 90a + 65c = 304950 (1)
they are equal. 18a + 13c = 60990 (2)
(i) Fixed cost = 84000 Rs If 3800 tickets in all were sold,
Variable cost for each unit = 450 Rs a + c = 3800 (3)
Total cost, for making in x unit,
Multiply the equation (2) by 13 we have
y = 450x + 84000
13a + 13c = 49400 (4)
Projected Revenue, y = 690x
At breakeven revenue must be equal to cost. Thus
5a = 11590
450x + 84000 = 690x
a = 11590 = 2318
5
Substituting a = 2318 in (3) we have s + n = 100000 (2)

2318 + c = 3800 Substituting s = 100000 - n from (2) in (1) we have
a = 3800 - 2318 = 1482 0.07 (100000 - n) + 0.06n = 6350
Thus 2318 adult tickets and 1482 child tickets were 7000 - 0.07n + 0.06n = 6350
sold. - 0.01n = 6350 - 7000
98. Alumni Contributions : Alumni can help college sustain - 0.01n = - 650
through their donations and voluntary help. Alumni n = - 650 = 65000
can also be helpful in providing valuable financial, - 0.01
Now substituting n = 65000 in (ii) we have
intellectual and human resource. If a big chunk of
money that institutes require comes from alumni, it s = 100000 - 65000 = 35000
will help those institutes remain competitive. (i) Rs 65000 was loaned to the engineering student.
(ii) Rs 35000 was loaned to the science student.
99. Airport Walkways : A moving walkway, also known as

an autowalk, is a slow-moving conveyor mechanism that
transports people across a horizontal or inclined plane
over a short to medium distance. Moving walkways
can be used by standing or walking on them. They are
often installed in pairs, one for each direction.
As part of an algebra field trip, Jenish takes his

Alumni association of NIT Kuruskhstra donated Rs
class to the airport to use their moving walkways
100,000 to his alma mater. The college used the funds
for a demonstration. The class measures the longest
to make a loan to a science student at 7% interest and
walkway, which turns out to be 256 ft long. Using a
a loan to a engineering student at 6% interest. That
stop watch, Jenish shows it takes him just 32 sec to
year the college earned Rs 6350 in interest.
complete the walk going in the same direction as the
(i) How much was loaned to engineering student? walkway. Walking in a direction opposite the walkway,
(ii) How much was loaned to science student? it takes him 320 sec (10 times as long!). The next day
Sol : in class, Jenish hands out a two question quiz:
Let s represent the loan made to the science student (i) What is my (Jenish’s) normal walking speed?
and n represent the loan made to the engineering (ii) What was the speed of the walkway in feet per
student. College earned total Rs 6350 interest, 7% second?
interest from science student and 6% interest from Sol :
engineering student and. Thus
Let w represent the speed of the walkway and j
7
100 s + 100
6
n = 6350 represent Jenish’s walking speed.
0.07s + 0.06n = 6350 (1) (i) In the direction of walkway,
Since total amount was Rs 100,000, we have 32 (j + w) = 256
j+w = 8 (1) For calcium, 38x + 5y = 550 (1)

Opposite direction of walkway, For Vitamin A, 56x + 60y = 1200 (2)
320 (j - w) = 256 Multiplying eq (1) by 12 we have
10j - 10w = 8 (2) 456x + 60y = 6600 (3)
Multiplying eq (1) with 10 we have Subtracting eq (2) from (iii) we have
10j + 10w = 80 (3) 400x = 5400

5400
Adding eq (2) and (3) we have x = 400 = 13.5
88 Substituting x = 13.5 in eq (1) we have
20j = 88 & j = 20 = 4.4 ft/sec
(ii) Substituting above value of j in (1) we have 38 # 13.5 + 5y = 550
4.4 + w = 8 513 + 5y = 550
w = 8 - 4.4 = 3.6 ft/sec 5y = 550 - 513 = 37

37
y = 5 = 7.2
100. Nutrition : Shalvi wants to use milk and orange juice
Thus Shalvi should drink 13.5 ounce of milk and 7.2
to increase the amount of calcium and vitamin A in
ounce of orange juices
her daily diet. An ounce of milk contains 38 milligrams
of calcium and 56 micrograms of vitamin A. An ounce 101. CHEMISTRY : When you mix two or more substances
of orange juice contains 5 milligrams of calcium and with different levels of concentration, the final solution
60 micrograms of vitamin A. How many ounces of does not simply equate to the combined concentration
milk and orange juice should she drink each day to levels of the original ingredients. It depends on the
provide exactly 550 milligrams of calcium and 1,200 concentration of each solution.
micrograms of vitamin A?
Rahman works as a chemist in Biolab Pvt Ltd at

Jaipur. He has two solutions of hydrochloric acid in
stock: a 50% solution and an 80% solution.
He want to make 100 milliliters of a 68%
solution? How much of each should be used
to obtain 100 milliliters of a 68% solution?
Sol :
Sol : Let x represent the amount of 50% solution and y
Let x represent the number of ounces of milk and y represent amount of 80% solution.
represent number of ounces of orange juice. Since 100 millilitres are required, so
Next we summarize the given information in table. x + y = 100 (1)
Milk Orange Juice Total Needed Since 68% of the 100 millilitres must be acid, so
Calcium 38x 5y 550 0.50x + 0.80y = 0.68 (100)
Vitamin A 56x 60y 1,200 0.50x + 0.80y = 68 (2)

Multiplying eq (2) by 2 we have For protein requirement,

x + 1.60y = 136 (3) 0.1x + 0.2y = 20
Subtracting eq (1) from (iii) we have x + 2y = 200 (1)
36
0.60y = 36 & y = 0.60 = 60 millilitres For fat requirement,
Substituting y = 60 in (i) we get x = 40 millilitres 0.06x + 0.02y = 6

Thus chemist must use 40 ml of 50% solution and 6x + 2y = 600 (2)
60 ml of 80% solution. Subtracting eq (1) from (2) we have
102. Nutrition : Pathmeda village near Sanchore has Gopal 5x = 400 & x = 80
Govardhan Gaushala, the largest Gaushala in India, Substituting x = 80 in eq (1) we have
spread over 200 acres. The gaushala takes care of 80 + 2y = 200
more than 18,000 cattle.
2y = 200 - 80 = 120
120
y = 2 = 60
Thus 80 grams Mix A and 60 grams Mix B should
be used.
103. Gold Mixing : A jeweller has two bars of gold alloy in

stock, one of 12 carats and the other of 18 carats (24
carat gold is pure gold, 12 carat is 1224 pure, 18 carat
gold is 1824 pure, and so on). How many grams of each
alloy must be mixed to obtain 10 grams of 14 carat
gold?
Cows of Pathmeda gaushala in an experiment are to

be kept on a strict diet. Each cow is to receive, among
other things, 20 grams of protein and 6 grams of fat.
The laboratory technician is able to purchase two

food mixes of the following compositions:
Mix A has 10% protein and 6% fat,
Sol :
Mix B has 20% protein and 2% fat.
Let x represent the grams of 12 carat pure gold and y
How many grams of each mix should be used represent the grams of 18 carat pure gold.
to obtain the right diet for a single cow ?
Since 10 gram of gold is required, so
Sol : x + y = 10 (1)
Let x represent number of grams of Mix A and y
Since purity of gold must be 14 carat, so
represent number of grams of Mix B . Now we prepare
the following table. 12 x + 18 y = 14 10
24 24 24 #
Mix A Mix B Total Nutrition 12x + 18y = 140 (2)
Protein 0.10x 0.20y 20 Multiplying eq (1) by 18 and subtracting (ii) from it

we have
Fat 0.06x 0.02y 6
6x = 40 & x = 40 = 6 2
6 3
(i) 5200 CDs must be sold for the company to break

Now substituting x = 6 23 in eq (1) we have even.
6 23 + y = 10 (ii) Break even revenue is Rs 416000.
y = 10 - 6 23 = 3 13
105. Production : Ridhima Electronics Pvt . Ltd is main
Thus 6 23 grams of 12 carat gold and 3 13 grams of 18 supplier for CASIO for electronics component. They
carat gold is required to make 10 gram of 14 carat manufactures keyboards and screens for graphing
gold. calculators at plants in Bangalore and Bhiwadi. The
hourly production rates at each plant are given in the
104. BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS : It costs a small recording table. How many hours should each plant be operated
company Rs 176, 800 to prepare a compact disc. This to fill an order for exactly 4,000 keyboards and exactly
is a one-time fixed cost that covers recording, package 4,000 screens?
design, and so on. Variable costs, including such
things as manufacturing, marketing, and royalties, are Plant Keyboards Screens
Rs 46 per CD. Bangalore 40 32
(i) If the CD is sold to music shops for Rs 80 each, Bhiwadi 20 32
how many must be sold for the company to break
even?
(ii) What is the break even revenue ?
Sol :
Let x represent the number of CD made. Break even
point occur when cost is equal to revenue. Let y Sol :
represent both cost and revenue at break even since
Let x represent number of hours Bangalore plant is
they are equal.
operated and y represent number of hours Bhiwadi
Fixed cost = 176800 Rs plant is operated.
Variable cost for each CD = 46 Rs We summarized production in following table.
Total cost, for making in x CD,
Bangalore Bhiwadi Requirement
y = 46x + 176800
Keyboards 40x 20y 4000
Projected Revenue, y = 80x
At breakeven revenue must be equal to cost. Thus Screens 32x 32y 4000
46x + 176800 = 80x Since we require 4000 keyboard, thus

176800 = 34x 40x + 20y = 4000
x = 176800 = 5, 200 2x + y = 200 (1)

34
Since we require 4000 screens, thus
Now substituting x = 5200 in y = 80x we have
32x + 32y = 4000
y = 80 # 5200 = 416000 Rs
x + y = 125 (2) and 4 pounds of phosphoric acid. Each bag of brand

Subtracting eq (2) from (1) we have B contains 7 pounds of nitrogen and 7 pounds of
phosphoric acid.
x = 75 hours
We summarized production in following table.
Substituting above value of x in (ii) we have
75 + y = 125 Brand A Brand B Requirement
y = 125 - 75 = 50 hours Nitrogen 8a 7b 720

Phosphoric acid 4a 7b 500
Thus Bangalore plant should be operated for 75 hours
and Bhiwadi plant should be operated for 50 hours. (i) Since grove needs 720 pounds of nitrogen, we have
8a + 7b = 720 (1)
106. NUTRITION : Orange trees thrive in warm,
Since grove needs 500 pounds of phosphoric acid, we
Mediterranean climates where there is no threat
have
of frost. This full-sun plant produces the best fruit
when provided with optimal moisture, light and 4a + 7b = 500 (2)
nutrition, in the form of fertilization. Orange trees Subtracting eq (2) from eq (1) we have
require fertilization three times per year. You need 4a = 220 & a = 55
to increase fertilizer amounts as the tree ages and
Thus 55 bags of brand A is required.
becomes established. Complete nutrition is essential
for a healthy tree. (ii) Multiplying eq (2) by 2 we have
8a + 14b = 1000 (3)
Subtracting eq (1) from eq (iii) we have
280
7b = 280 & b = 7 = 40
Thus 40 bags of brand B is required.
107. Orbital Launches : In 2013 there was a total of 81

commercial and noncommercial orbital launches
worldwide. In addition, the number of noncommercial
orbital launches was twelve more than twice the
number of commercial orbital launches. Determine
the number of commercial and noncommercial orbital
launches in 2013.
A fruit grower can use two types of fertilizer in an

orange grove, brand A and brand B. Each bag of
brand A contains 8 pounds of nitrogen and 4 pounds
of phosphoric acid. Each bag of brand B
contains 7 pounds of nitrogen and 7 pounds
of phosphoric acid. Tests indicate that the
grove needs 720 pounds of nitrogen and 500
pounds of phosphoric acid.
(i) How many bags of brand A should be used to
provide the required amounts of nitrogen and
phosphoric acid?
(ii) How many bags of brand B should be used to
provide the required amounts of nitrogen and
phosphoric acid? Sol :
Sol : Let x and y be the number of commercial and non-
commercial orbital launches.
Let a represent requirement of bag of brand A and b
represent requirement of bag of brand B. In 2013 there was a total of 81 commercial and
noncommercial orbital launches worldwide. Thus
Each bag of brand A contains 8 pounds of nitrogen
x + y = 81 ...(1) 5p = 3s (2)
The number of noncommercial orbital launches was From (1) s = p + 16 , substituting in eq (2) we have
twelve more than twice the number of commercial 5p = 3 (p + 16)
orbital launches. Thus
5p = 3p + 48
y - 2x = 12 ...(2)
2p = 48 & p = 24 seconds
Subtracting eq (2) from eq (1), we get
x + y - y + 2x = 81 - 12 Now s = 24 + 16 = 40 seconds
3x = 69 & x = 23 The distance travelled is 5p = 120 miles.

Substituting x = 23 in eq (1), we get (i) Primary wave travelled 24 second and secondary
wave travelled 40 second.
y = 81 - x = 81 - 23 = 58
(ii) Earthquake is 120 mile from station.
So, the number of commercial and non-commercial
orbital launches are 23 and 58 respectively. 109. Architectural Wonders : When it was first constructed
in 1889, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, was the
108. EARTH SCIENCE : An earthquake emits a primary tallest structure in the world. In 1975, the CN Tower
wave and a secondary wave. Near the surface of the in Toronto, Canada, became the world’s tallest
Earth the primary wave travels at about 5 miles per structure. The CN Tower is 153 ft less than twice
second and the secondary wave at about 3 miles per the height of the Eiffel Tower, and the sum of their
second. From the time lag between the two waves heights is 2799 ft.
arriving at a given receiving station, it is possible to
estimate the distance to the quake. (The epicenter can
be located by obtaining distance bearings at three or
more stations.) Suppose a station measured a time
difference of 16 seconds between the arrival of the two
waves.
(i) How long did each wave travel ?
(ii) How far was the earthquake from the station ?
(i) How tall is CN tower?

(ii) How tall is Eiffel tower?
Sol :
Let the heights of Eiffel tower and CN tower be x and
y respectively.
Sol : The CN Tower is 153 ft less than twice the height of
the Eiffel Tower, thus
Let p represent time of primary wave and s represent
time for secondary wave 2x - y = 153 ...(1)
Since time difference is 16 second The sum of their heights is 2799 ft, thus
s - p = 16 (1) x + y = 2799 ...(2)
To find a second equation, we have to use Adding eqn, (1) and (2), we get
Distance = Rate # Time 3x = 2952 & x = 984
Distance for primary wave = 5p Substituting x = 984 in eq (2), we get
Distance for secondary wave = 3s y = 2799 - 984 = 1815
Since these distances are equal, so (i) The height of CN tower is 1815 ft.
(ii) The height of Eiffel tower is 984 ft. - 48 = 3b & b = - 16
110. TOWER OF PISA : To prove that objects of different Now substituting above value of b in (i) we have
weights fall at the same rate, Galileo dropped two 180 = a - 16 & a = 196
objects with different weights from the Leaning Tower
Thus a = 196 and b = - 16
of Pisa in Italy. The objects hit the ground at the
same time. (ii) The height of the building is represented by s , the
An object dropped off the top of Leaning Tower of distance of the object above the ground, when t = 0 ,
Pisa falls vertically with constant acceleration. If s Since from part (i),we now know
is the distance of the object above the ground (in s = 196 - 16t 2
feet) t seconds after its release, then s and t are From above equation, when t = 0 , s = 196 feet is the
related by an equation of the form s = a + bt2 where
a and b are constants. Suppose the object is 180 feet height of the building.
above the ground 1 second after its release and 132 (iii) The object falls until s , its distance above the
feet above the ground 2 seconds after its release. ground, is zero. Since
s = 196 - 16t 2
Substituting s = 0 we have
0 = 196 - 16t 2
16t 2 = 196
t 2 = 196 & t = 14 = 3.5 sec

16 4
111. Jyoti Kumari is an Indian student from Sirhulli in
the rural Darbhanga district of Bihar. She came to
notice after she bicycled some 1,200 km with her
injured father to reach their home village during
COVID-19 lockdowns in India. This act of bravery
was praised by the Senior Advisor to the President of
the United States, Ivanka Trump, and Prime Minister
Narendra Modi. She was given a national award, and
a Bollywood film was proposed to record her story.
(i) Find the constants a and b .

(ii) How high is the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
(iii) How long does the object fall?
Sol :
We have s = a + bt 2
(i) When t = 1, s = 180
Substituting these values in the given
equation, we have
180 = a + b (1) 2
180 = a + b (1) Jyoti travelled 90 km every day to reach her home
town in Harbin. One day, when she started, after
When t = 2 , s = 132
riding a certain distance, she stopped for some time
Substituting these values in the given equation, we to repair his bicycle. After which she completes the
have whole journey of 90 km at half speed in 12 hours. If
132 = a + b (2) 2 the breakdown had occurred 10 km farther off, she
would have done the whole journey in 11 hours.
132 = a + 4b (2)
(i) Find where the breakdown occurred.
Subtracting eq (1) from (2) we have
(ii) Find her original speed. Sol :

According to the question, we have
Sol :
x + y + 30 + 6 + 14 = 100
Let x be the distance of the place where breakdown
occurred and y be the original speed. x + y + 50 = 100
Now x + 90 - x = 12 or x + y = 50 ...(1)
y y
2 The difference in the percentage who would end this
or x + 180 - 2x = 12
y y support after completing college and after completing
high school is 6 %. Thus
x + 180 - 2x = 12y
x-y = 6 ...(2)
x + 12y = 180 ...(1)
Adding eq (1) and (2), we get
90 - ^x + 10h
and x + 10 + = 11 2x = 56 & x = 28
y y
2
x + 10 + 180 - 2 ^x + 10h = 11 Substituting x = 28 in eq (1), we get
y y y = 50 - x
x + 10 + 180 - 2x - 20 = 11y
= 50 - 28 = 22
- x + 170 = 11y
(i) 28 % parents would end financial support after a
x + 11y = 170 (2) child completes college.
Subtract equation (2) from (1), y = 10 km/hr. (ii) 22 % parents would end financial support after a
child completes high school.
Now from (2), x + 11 # 10 = 170 & x = 60 km
(i) Break down occurred at 60 km. 113. Cash Register Malfunction : You are the manager of
(ii) Her original speed was 10 km/hr. a shoe store. On Sunday morning you are going over
the receipts for the previous week’s sales. A total of
112. At some point, it’s time to kick, or gently ease, kids off 320 pairs of cross-training shoes were sold. One style
the parental gravy train. The circle graph shows the sold for Rs 1135 and the other sold for Rs 1495. The
percentage of parents who think significant financial total receipts were Rs 420,480. The cash register that
support should end at various milestones. was supposed to keep track of the number of each
type of shoe sold malfunctioned. Can you recover the
information? If so, how many of each type were sold?
The difference in the percentage who would end this

support after completing college and after completing Sol :
high school is 6 %. Let x and y be the number of pairs of shoes of both
(i) Find the percentage of parents who would end style sold.
financial support after a child completes college. Since total of 320 pairs of cross-training shoes were
(ii) Find the percentage of parents who would end sold, we have
financial support after a child completes high
x + y = 320 ...(1)
school.
One style sold for Rs 1139 and the other sold for Rs
1459. The total receipts were Rs 420,480. Thus 5y = 600 & y = 120
1459x + 1139y = 420480 ...(2) Substituting this value of y in (1), we get
Substitution the value of y = 320 - x from (1) in (2), x + 18 # 120 = 5160
we get
x = 5160 - 2160 = 3000
1139x + 1459 (320 - x) = 420480
Thus x = 3000 and y = 120
1139x + 466880 - 1459x = 420480
(i) Fixed charges of hostel is Rs 3000.
- 320x = - 46400 & x = 145 (ii) Cost of food per day is Rs 120.
Substitution x = 145 in eq (1), we get
y = 320 - x 115. Uniform motion with current :
(R + C) t = d With the current
= 320 - 145 = 175
So, 145 and 175 pairs of shoes of style one and two (R - C) t = d Against the current
were sold. The formula shown can be used to solve uniform
motion problems involving a current, where d
114. Hostel Life : Banasthali Vidyapith, is a fully residential represents distance travelled, R is the rate of the
women’s university offering courses from primary object with no current, C is the speed of the current,
to Ph.D. level. It offers a number of UG, PG, and and t is the time. Vibhur rows 9 km up river (against
Doctoral level Programs under various Departments. the current) in 3 hr. It only took him 1 hr to row 5 km
Admission to the same is done on the basis of merit downstream (with the current).
scored in qualifying examination, however, for some (i) How fast was the current?
courses, an aptitude test is also conducted at the
(ii) How fast can he row in still water?
university level.
Sol :
We have (R + C) t = d With the current
(R - C) t = d Against the current
Vibhur rows 9 km up river (against the current) in 3
hr.
Thus (R - C) 3 = 9
R-C = 3 (1)
It took him 1 hr to row 5 km downstream (with the
current).
Thus (R + C) 1 = 5
R+C = 5 (2)
Swati is doing MSc. in biotechnology from Banastli Adding eq (1) and (2) we have
Vidyapith and lives in university hostel. A part of 2R = 8 & R = 4
monthly hostel charge is fixed and the remaining Substituting R = 4 in (ii) we get C = 1
depends on the number of days one has taken food
in the mess. When Swati takes food for 18 days, she The current was 1 km/h. He can row 4 km/h in still
has to pay Rs. 5160 as hostel charges whereas Taniya water.
who takes food for 23 days Rs. 5760 as hostel charges. 116. Canoeing on a stream : On a recent camping trip, it
(i) Find the fixed charges of hostel. took Mohinder and Aslam 2 hr to row 4 mi upstream
(ii) Find the cost of food per day. from the drop in point to the camp site. After a
Sol : leisurely weekend of camping, fishing, and relaxation,
they rowed back downstream to the drop in point in
Let fixed charge be x and per day food cost be y .
just 30 min. Use this information to find
x + 18y = 5160 ...(1) (i) Find the speed of the current.
x + 23y = 5760 ...(2) (ii) Find the speed Mohinder and Aslam would be
Subtracting (1) from (2) we have rowing in still water.
(ii) Find the cruising speed of the ship.

Sol :
Let c represent the speed of the current and s
represent the cruising speed of the ship.
Trip to the Goa,
(s + c) 70 = 1435
2s + 2c = 41 (1)
Return to Mumbai,
Sol : (s - c) 82 = 1435
Let c represent the speed of the current and s 2s - 2c = 35 (2)
represent the speed of the boat in still water. Adding eq (1) and (2) we have
To the drop point : 4s = 76 & s = 19 kmph
(s - c) 2 = 4 Subtracting eq (2) from (1) we have
s-c = 2 4c = 6 & s = 1.5 kmph
(1)
118. Point of No Return : The point during a flight at
Return to the drop point :
which an aircraft is no longer capable of returning
(s + c) 1 = 4 to the airfield from which it took off due to fuel
2
considerations. Beyond this point the aircraft must
s+c = 8 (2)
proceed to some other destination.
Adding eq (1) and (2) we have
2s = 10 & s = 5
Substituting s = 5 in (ii) we get c = 3
(i) Speed of current is 3 mph
(ii) Speed of boat in still water is 5 mph
117. Luxury Cruise : As India’s first domestic cruise liner,

Angriya has made many voyages on the Mumbai-Goa
sea route, along the pristine Konkan Coast. It has
given India and Indians a sense of pride and happiness,
while introducing the travelers to coral diversity and
royal sea forts along the way.
A plane carries enough fuel for 20 hours of flight at
an airspeed of 150 miles per hour. How far can it fly
into a 30 mph headwind and still have enough fuel to
return to its starting point?
Sol :
Let t1 represent the time taken in fly. Distance
travelled in fly is (150 - 30) t 1.
Let t2 represent time taken in return. Distance
travelled in return fly is (150 + 30) t 2.
Since these both distance is equal,
Last year we enjoyed our summer vacation at Angariya (150 - 30) t 1 = (150 + 30) t 2
cruise. From Mumbai to the Goa, with the current
120t 1 = 180t 2
the trip took 70 hr. After a few days of fun in the sun,
the ship leaves for Mumbai, against the current with 2t 1 = 3t 2
the return trip taking 82 hr.
t 1 = 1.5t 2
(i) Find the speed of the current.
Since there is enough fuel for total fly of 20 hours,
t 1 + t 2 = 20 Substituting x = 34.9 in eq (2), we get

1.5t2 + t 2 = 20 3 # 349 + 2y = 1345
20
2.5t2 = 20 & t2 = 2.5 = 8 hours 2y = 298 & y = 149
Thus price of one 1-kg packages of almond is Rs 349
Distance travelled in 8 hour in return fly and price of one 500-gram packages cashew is Rs 149.
= (150 + 30) # 8 Since we want to return two 1-kg packages of almond
= 1, 440 miles and two 500-gram packages cashew, refunded amount,
2x + 2y = 2 # 349 + 2 # 149 = 996 Rs
119. Computing a Refund : The grocery store we use does
not mark prices on its goods. My wife went to this 120. Financial Planning : Planning for retirement starts
store, purchased three 1-kg packages of almond and with thinking about your retirement goals and how
two 500-gram packages cashew, and paid a total of Rs long you have to meet them. Then you need to look at
1345. Not knowing that she went to the store, I also the types of retirement accounts that can
went to the same store, purchased two 1-kg packages help you raise the money to fund your future.
of almond and three 500-gram packages As you save that money, you have to invest it
cashew, and paid a total of Rs 1145. Now we to enable it to grow.
want to return two 1-kg packages of almond
and two 500-gram packages cashew. How
much will be refunded?
A recently retired couple needs Rs 120,000 per year

to supplement their Social Security. They have Rs
1,500,000 to invest to obtain this income. They have
decided on two investment options: AA bonds yielding
Sol : 10% per annum and a fixed deposit yielding 5%.
Let x and y be the price of 1-kg package of almond (i) How much should be invested in each to realize
and one 500-gram packages cashew. exactly Rs 120,000?
Since my wife purchased three 1-kg packages of (ii) If, after 2 years, the couple requires Rs 140,000
almond and two 500-gram packages cashew, and paid per year in income, how should they reallocate
a total of Rs 1345, we have their investment to achieve the new amount?
3x + 2y = 1345 ...(1) Sol :
Since I purchased two 1-kg packages of almond and Let x and y be the amount invested in AA bonds and
three 500-gram packages cashew, and paid a total of fixed deposit respectively.
Rs 1145, thus Since they have Rs 1,500,000 or 1500 thousand to
invest, we have
2x + 3y = 1145 ...(2)
x + y = 1500 ...(1)
Multiplying eq (1) by 3 and eq (2) by 2, we get
(i) AA bonds yielding 10% per annum and a fixed
9x + 6y = 4035 ...(3)
deposit yielding 5% giving Rs 120,000 or Rs 120
4x + 6y = 2290 ...(4) thousand exactly, thus
Subtracting eq (4) from eq (3), we get 10 x + 5 y = 120
100 100
5x = 1745 & x = 349
2x + y = 2400 ...(2) The actual number of calories in two portions of

Subtracting eq (1) from (2) we have hamburger and fries and one portion of pizza is 3980.
Thus
x = 900
2x + y = 3980 ...(2)
Substituting x = 900 in eq (1), we get
Multiplying equation (1) by 2 and then subtracting
y = 1500 - 900 = 600
(2) from (1) we have
So, amount invested in AA bond and fixed deposit are
4y - y = 2 # 4240 - 3980
Rs 900 thousand and Rs 600 thousand respectively.
(ii) Now the couple requires Rs 140,000 or Rs 140 3y = 4500 & y = 1500
thousand year in income, thus Substituting the value of y in eq (2), we get
10 x + 5 y = 140 2x + 1500 = 3980
100 100
2x = 3980 - 1500 = 2480
2x + y = 2800 ...(3)
x = 1240
and rewriting x + y = 1500 ...(1)
(i) The number of calories in one portion of
Subtracting eq (3) from (4) we have
hamburger and fries is 1240.
x = 1300 (ii) The number of calories in one portion of pizza is
Substituting x = 1300 in eq (3), we get 1500.
y = 1500 - 1300 = 200
122. Presale Order : A wireless store owner takes presale
So, amount invested in AA bond and fixed deposit are orders for a new smartphone and tablet. He gets 340
Rs 1300 thousand and Rs 200 thousand respectively. preorders for the smartphone and 250 preorders for
the tablet. The combined value of the preorders is Rs
121. Actual Number of Calories : University of Arkansas
27,050,000. The price of a smartphone and tablet
researchers discovered that we underestimate the
together is Rs 96500.
number of calories in restaurant meals. The next time
(i) How much does smartphone cost?
you eat out, take the number of calories you think you
ate and double it. (ii) How much does tablet cost?
The researchers concluded that this number should be

a more accurate estimate. The actual number of
calories in one portion of hamburger and fries and two
portions of pizza is 4240. The actual number of
calories in two portions of hamburger and fries and
one portion of pizza is 3980.
(i) Find the actual number of calories in one
portions of hamburger and fries.
(ii) Find the actual number of calories in one
portions of pizza.
Sol :
Let number of calories in one portion of hamburger
and fries be x and in one portion of pizza be y .
The actual number of calories in one portion of Sol :
hamburger and fries and two portions of pizza is 4240. Let x and y be the price of smart phone and tablet.
Thus Then, according to the question, we have
x + 2y = 4240 ...(1) Combined value of 340 smartphone and 250 tablet is
Rs 27,050,000. Thus (i) How many masks of each type were sold in the
340x + 250y = 27050000 ...(1) month of April?
(ii) If the store had sold 50 masks of each type, what
If the price of a smartphone and tablet together is Rs would be its sales in the month of April?
96500, thus
(iii) Due to great demand and short supply, the store
x + y = 96500 ...(2) has increased the price of each type by Rs. 5 from
Substituting the value of y from eq (2) in eq (1), we May 1, 2020. In the month of May, 2020, the store
get sold 310 masks for total sales of Rs. 6875. How
340x + 250 (96500 - x) = 27050000 many masks of each type were sold in the month
of May?
340x + 24125000 - 250x = 27050000
(iv) What percent of masks of each type sale was
90x = 2925000 & x = 32500
increased in the month of May, compared with
Substituting x = 32500 in eq (2), we get the sale of month April?
y = 96500 - x (v) What extra profit did store earn by increasing
= 96500 - 32500 = 64000 price in May month.
(i) Cost of a smart phone is Rs 32500. Sol :
(ii) Cost of a tablet is Rs 64000. (i) Let x be the mask of type A sold and y be the
type of mask B sold in April.
123. MASK : Masks are an additional step to help prevent
people from getting and spreading COVID-19. They Now x + y = 100 ...(1)
provide a barrier that keeps respiratory and 15x + 20y = 1650 ...(2)
droplets from spreading. Wear a mask and Multiplying equation (1) by 15 and subtracting from
take every day preventive actions in public (2) we obtain,
settings.
5y = 150 & y = 30
x = 100 - 30 = 70
Hence 70 masks of type A, and 30 masks of type B
were sold.
(ii) Total Sales = 50 # 15 + 50 # 20 = 1750
(iii) Let x be the mask of type A sold and y be the
type of mask B sold in April.
Now, x + y = 310 ...(1)
and 20x + 25y = 6875 ...(ii)
Multiplying equation (1) by 20 and subtracting it
from equation (2), we obtain
5y = 675 & y = 135
Due to ongoing Corona virus outbreak, Wellness x = 310 - 135 = 175
Medical store has started selling masks of decent
quality. The store is selling two types of masks (iv) Increase in type A = 175 - 70 # 100 = 150 %
70
currently type A and type B .
Increase in type B = 105 - 30 # 100 = 350 %
30
(v) Total sale value in May at old price
= 175 # 15 + 135 # 20 = 5325
Total sale value in May at new price = 6875
Extra Profit = 6875 - 5325 = 1550
Alternative :
The cost of type A mask is Rs. 15 and of type B mask
Since extra profit is Rs 5 on per mask and total mask
is Rs. 20. In the month of April, 2020, the store sold
sold are 310, thus extra profit = 310 # 5 = 1550 .
100 masks for total sales of Rs. 1650.
124. Wilt Chamberlain : Wilton Norman “Wilt” Thus he made 20 fixed goal.
Chamberlain was an American basketball player, and (ii) Free throw x = 10
played in the NBA during the 1960s. At 7 feet 1 inch,
(iii) Point scored = 10 + 2 # 20 = 50
he was the tallest and heaviest player in the league for
most of his career, and he was one of the (iv)Average point 50 = 10
5
most famous people in the game for many 50
years. He is the first and only basketball (v) Average point =5
10
player to score 100 points in an NBA game.
125. Architect : An architect is a skilled professional who
plans and designs buildings and generally plays a key
role in their construction. Architects are
highly trained in the art and science of
building design. Since they bear responsibility
for the safety of their buildings’ occupants,
architects must be professionally licensed.
In the 1961–1962 NBA basketball season, Wilt

Chamberlain of the Philadelphia Warriors made 30
baskets. Some of the baskets were free throws (worth Varsha is a licensed architect and design very
1 point each) and some were field goals (worth 2 innovative house. She has made a house layout for her
points each). The number of field goals was 10 more client which is given below. In the layout, the design
than the number of free throws. and measurements has been made such that area of
two bedrooms and kitchen together is 95 sq. m.
(i) How many field goals did he make ?
(ii) How many free throws did he make?
(iii) What was the total number of points scored?
(iv) If Wilt Chamberlain played 5 games during this
season, what was the average number of points
per game?
(v) If Wilt Chamberlain played 10 games during this
season, what was the average number of points
per game?
Sol :
(i) Let x be the free throw and y be the fixed goal.
As per question
x + y = 30
y = x + 10 (i) Which pair of linear equations does describe this
situation ?
Solving x = 10 , y = 20
(ii) What is the length of the outer boundary of the (iii) How many adults visited the park?
layout. (iv) How much amount collected if 300 children and
(iii) What is the area of bedroom 1 ? 350 adults visited the park?
(iv) What is the area of living room in the layout ? (v) One day total visited children and adults together
(v) What is the cost of laying tiles in Kitchen at the is 750 and the total amount collected is Rs 212500.
rate of Rs. 50 per sq. m ? What are the number of children and adults
visited the park ?
Sol :
Sol :
(i) Area of two bedrooms = 5x + 5x = 10x m2
(i) Since 480 people visited, we obtain x + y = 480 .
Area of kitchen = 5y m2
Collected amount is Rs 134500 thus
Thus 10x + 5y = 95 & 2x + y = 19
150x + 400y = 134500 & 3x + 8y = 2690
Also from figure, we have,
(ii) Solving the equations x + y = 480 and
x + 2 + y = 15 & x + y = 13
3x + 8y = 2690 we get x = 230 and y = 250
(ii) Length of outer boundary
Number of children attended = 230
= 2 (5 + 2 + 5 + 15) = 54 m
Number of adults attended = 250
(iii) Solving and 2x + y = 19 and x + y = 13 we get (iii) Number of adults visited the park = 250
x = 6 m and y = 7 m. (iv) Amount = 150 # 300 + 400 # 350 = 185000 Rs
Area of bedroom = 5 # 6 = 30 sq. m (v) Solving the equations x + y = 750 and
Area of kitchen = 5 # 7 = 35 sq. m 150x + 400y = 212500 & 3x + 8y = 4250 we have
(iv) Area of living room x = 350 and y = 400
= (15 # 7) - 30 = 105 - 30 = 75 m2 i.e Number of children = 350
(v) Area of kitchen = 7 # 5 = 35 sq m Number of adults = 400.
Cost of laying tiles in kitchen = Rs. 50 per m2
127. Dipesh bought 3 notebooks and 2 pens for Rs. 80. His
Total cost of laying tiles in kitchen friend Ramesh said that price of each notebook could
= 50 # 35 = 1750 Rs be Rs. 25. Then three notebooks would cost Rs.75,
the two pens would cost Rs. 5 and each pen
126. Mr. RK Agrawal is owner of a famous amusement could be for Rs. 2.50. Another friend Amar
park in Delhi. The ticket charge for the park is Rs 150 felt that Rs. 2.50 for one pen was too little. It
for children and Rs 400 for adult. should be at least Rs. 16. Then the price of
each notebook would also be Rs.16.
Generally he does not go to park and it is managed by

team of staff. One day Mr Agrawal decided to
random check the park and went there. When
he checked the cash counter, he found that
480 tickets were sold and Rs 134500 was
collected.
(i) Let the number of children visited be x and the
number of adults visited be y . Which of the
following is the correct system of equations that
Aditya also bought the same types of notebooks and
model the problem ?
pens as Dipesh. He paid 110 for 4 notebooks and 3
(ii) How many children visited the park ? pens.
(i) Whether the estimation of Ramesh and Amar is Malani, which are only found here.
applicable for Aditya?
(ii) Let the cost of one notebook be x and that of
pen be y . Which of the following set describe the
given problem ?
(iii) What is the exact cost of the notebook?
(iv) What is the exact cost of the pen?
(v) What is the total cost if they purchase the same Last year we visited Jodhpur in a group of 25 friends.
type of 15 notebooks and 12 pens. When we went mehrangarh fort we found following
fare for ride :
Sol :
(i) Consider the prices mentioned by Ramesh. Ride Normal Hours Fare Peak Hours Fare
If the price of one notebook is Rs. 25 and the price of Horse Rs 50 3 Times
one pen is Rs. 2.50 then, Elephant Rs 100 2 Times
The cost of 4 notebooks would be : 4 # 25 = 100 Rs Some people choose to ride on horse and rest choose
And the cost for 3 pens would be : 3 # 2.5 = 7.5 Rs to ride on elephant.
Aditya should have paid 100 + 7.5 = 107.5 Rs. (i) First day we rode in normal hours and we paid Rs
But he paid Rs. 110, thus Ramesh’s estimation is 1950 for ride. Let x be the number of horses
wrong. hired and y be the number elephants hired.
Now, consider the prices mentioned by Amar. Which of the following is the correct system of
The cost of 4 notebooks, if one is for Rs.16, would be equation that model the problem ?
: 4 # 16 = 64 Rs (ii) How many horses were hired ?
And the cost for 3 pens, if one is for Rs. 16, would be
(iii) How many elephant were hired ?
: 3 # 16 = 64 Rs
Aditya should have paid 64 + 48 = 112 Rs but this is (iv) Next day we rode in peak hours, then how much
more than the price he paid. total fare was paid by our group?
Therefore, Amar’s estimation is also wrong. (v) What was the increase in total fare because of
(ii) According to the statement, we have peak hours ride ?
3x + 2y = 80 and 4x + 3y = 110 Sol :
(iii) Solving 3x + 2y = 80 and 4x + 3y = 110 we get (i) Let x be the number of horses hired and y be the
x = 20 and y = 10 number of elephant hired, then we have x + y = 25
Thus cost of 1 notebook is 20 Rs and cost of 1 pen is and 50x + 100y = 1950 & x + 2y = 39
10 Rs (ii) Solving equations x + y = 25 and x + 2y = 39 we
(iv) Cost of 1 pen = Rs. 10 get x = 11 and y = 14 .
(v) Total cost 15 # 20 + 12 # 10 = 420 Rs Number of horses hired = 11
(iii) Number of elephant hired = 14.
128. Jodhpur is the second-largest city in the Indian state (iv) For horse riding fare = 3 # 50 # 11 = 1650 Rs.
of Rajasthan and officially the second metropolitan
For elephant ride fare = 2 # 100 # 14 = 2800 Rs
city of the state. Jodhpur was historically the capital
of the Kingdom of Marwar, which is now part of Total fare = 1650 + 2800 = 4450 Rs
Rajasthan. Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination, (v) Total fare in normal hour = 1950
featuring many palaces, forts, and temples, set in the Total fare in peak hour = 4450
stark landscape of the Thar Desert. It is popularly Extra fare = 4450 - 1950 = 2500
known as the “Blue City” among people of Rajasthan
and all over India. The old city circles the Mehrangarh
***********
Fort and is bounded by a wall with several gates. The
city has expanded greatly outside the wall, though,
over the past several decades. Jodhpur is also known
for the rare breed of horses known as Marwari or
Page 102 Quadratic Equations Chap 4
CHAPTER 4
Quadratic Equations
ONE MARK QUESTIONS 1+k -5 =0

4 2 4
1 + 2k - 5 = 0
1. If a and b are the roots of ax2 - bx + c = 0 (a ! 0), 4
then calculate a + b . 2k - 4 = 0 & k = 2
Sol : [Board Term-1 2014] PRACTICE

We know that  If x = - 12 , is a solution of the quadratic equation
Sum of the roots = - coefficient of x2 3x2 + 2kx - 3 = 0 , find the value of k .
coefficient of x [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
Thus a + b = -b - b l = b Ans : - 9
a a 4
2. If one root of the equation (k - 1) x2 - 10x + 3 = 0 is
the reciprocal of the other then the value of k is .........  If x = 3 is one root of the quadratic equation
x2 - 2kx - 6 = 0 , then find the value of k .
[Board 2018]
We have (k - 1) x2 - 10x + 3 = 0
Ans : ½
Let one root be a , then another root will be 1
a
1 = c 3
Now a$ a = (k - 1)
a 5. If quadratic equation 3x2 - 4x + k = 0 has equal roots,
1 = 3 then the value of k is .......... .
(k - 1)
k-1 = 3 & k = 4
2
Given, quadratic equation is 3x - 4x + k = 0
3. Find the roots of the quadratic equation x2 - 0.04 = 0 Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 , we get a = 3 ,
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] b = - 4 and c = k
We have 2
x - 0.04 = 0 For equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0
x2 = 0.04 (- 4) 2 - 4 (3) (k) = 0

16 - 12k = 0
x = ! 0.04
x = ! 0.2. k = 16 = 4
12 3
PRACTICE
4. If ½ is a root of the equation x2 + kx - 54 = 0 , then
what is the value of k ?  What are the values of k for which the quadratic
equation 2x2 - kx + k = 0 has equal roots?
Sol : [Board 2009]
[Board 2010]
We have x + kx - 5 = 0
2 Ans : 0 and 8.
4
Since, ½ is a root of the given quadratic equation, it
must satisfy it.
6. Find the value of k for which the roots of the equations
2
Thus b 1 l + kb 1 l - 5 = 0 3x2 - 10x + k = 0 are reciprocal of each other.
2 2 4
Chap 4 Quadratic Equations Page 103
We have 3x2 - 10x + k = 0 and xy = 12

2
Comparing the given equation with ax + bx + c = 0 2
x2 + b 12 l = 25
we get a = 3 , b = - 10, c = k x
Let one root be a so other root is 1 . x 4 + 144 - 25x2 = 0
a
Product of roots a# 1 = c ^x2 - 16h ^x2 - 9h = 0
a a
Hence, x2 = 16 & x = ! 4
1 =k
3 and x2 = 9 & x = ! 3
k =3
Hence, value of k is 3. 10. Find the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation
4x2 + 4 3x + 3 = 0 .
PRACTICE
 If one root of the quadratic equation We have 2
4x + 4 3x + 3 = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0 is the reciprocal of the other,
Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0
then show that a = c .
we get a = 4 , b = 4 3 and c = 3 .
[Board Term - 2 2011]
Ans : Proof Now, D = b2 - 4ac
= (4 3 ) 2 - 4 # 4 # 3
= 48 - 48 = 0
7. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
2
2x2 - 5 x + 1 = 0 . Since, b - 4ac = 0 , then roots of the given equation
are real and equal.
Sol : [Board Term - 2 2017]
We have 2
2x - 5x + 1 = 0 PRACTICE
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get a = 2, b = - 5  Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
and c = 1, 2x2 - 3 2 x + 94 = 0
b2 - 4ac = ^- 5 h - 4 # ^2 h # ^1 h
2 [Board Term - 2 2013]
Now
Ans : Real and equal roots
= 5 - 8 =- 3 < 0
Since, discriminant is negative, therefore
quadratic equation 2x2 - 5 x + 1 = 0 has no 11. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
real roots i.e., imaginary roots. x2 + x - 5 = 0 .
8. What are the real roots of the equation Sol : [Board Term - 2 2015]
2
x2/3 + x1/3 - 2 = 0 ? We have x +x-5 = 0
Sol : [Board Term - 2 2012] Here, a = 1, b = 1, c = - 5
2/3 1/3
We have x +x -2 = 0 Now, D = b2 - 4ac
Substituting x1/3 = y we obtain, = ^1 h2 - 4 # 1 # ^- 5h
2
y +y-2 = 0 = 21 > 0
^y - 1h ^y + 2h = 0 & y = 1 or y = - 2 So x2 + x - 5 = 0 has two distinct real roots.
Thus x1/3
= 1 & x = ^1 h = 1 3
12. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation

or x1/3 = - 2 & x = ^- 2h3 = - 8 2x2 - 4x + 3 = 0 .
Hence, the real roots of the given equations are 1,
-8 .
2
We have 2x - 4x + 3 = 0
9. If x2 + y2 = 25 , xy = 12 , then what is the value of x ? Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get a = 2 b = - 4 , c = 3
2 2 Now D = b2 - 4ac
We have x + y = 25
= (- 4) 2 - 4 (2) # (3) 15. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
3x2 + 4 3 x + 4 .
= - 8 < 0 or (- ve)
Hence, the given equation has no real roots. Sol : [Board Term - 2 Delhi 2014]
2
We have 3x + 4 3 x + 4 = 0
PRACTICE
Here, a = 3 , b = 4 3 and c = 4
 Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
D = b2 - 4ac = ^4 3 h - 4 ^3 h^4 h
2
5x2 - 3x + 1 = 0 . Now
[Board Term - 2 2012] = 48 - 48 = 0
Ans : No real roots. Hence, the equation has real and equal roots.
16. Value of the roots of the quadratic equation,

13. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation x2 - x - 6 = 0 are ......... .
x2 - 4x + 3 2 = 0 . Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
x -x-6 = 0
We have x2 - 4x + 3 2 = 0 2
x - 3x + 2x - 6 = 0
Here a = 1, b = - 4 and c = 3 2 x (x - 3) + 2 (x - 3) = 0
Now D = b2 - 4ac (x - 3) (x + 2) = 0 & x = 3 and x = - 2
= ^- 4h - 4 ^1 h^3 2 h
2
17. Find the positive root of 3x2 + 6 = 9 .

= 16 - 12 2 = 16 - 12 # ^1.41h
= 16 - 16.92 = - 0.92 2
We have 3x + 6 = 9
b2 - 4ac < 0
3x2 + 6 = 81
Hence, the given equation has no real roots.
3x2 = 81 - 6 = 75
PRACTICE
x2 = 75 = 25
 Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation 3
x2 + 3x + 2 2 = 0 . Thus x =! 5
Hence 5 is positive root.
Ans : Not Real
18. If one root of the quadratic equation 6x2 - x - k = 0 is
2
3 , then find the value of k .
14. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
x2 + 4x - 3 2 = 0 . 2
We have 6x - x - k = 0
Substituting x = 2 , we get
We have x2 + 4x - 3 2 = 0 3
2 2
2
6b l - - k = 0
Here a = 1, b = 4 and c = - 3 2 3 3
Now D = b2 - 4ac
6# 4 -2-k = 0
9 3
= ^4 h - 4 ^1 h^- 3 2 h
2
8-2-k = 0
= 16 + 12 2 > 0 3 3
Hence, the given equation has two distinct real roots. 8-2-k = 0
3
PRACTICE 2-k = 0
 Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation Thus k = 2 .
x2 - 4x - 3 2 = 0
Ans : Two distinct real roots
19. Find the value(s) of k if the quadratic equation 22. Solve for x : 2x2 + 6 3 x - 60 = 0
3x2 - k 3 x + 4 = 0 has real roots.
We have 2
2x + 6 3 x - 60 = 0
2
If discriminant D = b - 4ac of quadratic equation is
equal to zero, or more than zero, then roots are real. x2 + 3 3 x - 30 = 0
We have 3x2 - k 3 x + 4 = 0 x2 + 5 3 x - 2 3 x - 30 = 0
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 = 0 we get x ^x + 5 3 h - 2 3 ^x + 5 3 h = 0
a = 3, b = - k 3 and c = 4 ^x + 5 3 h^x - 2 3 h = 0
2
For real roots b - 4ac $ 0 Thus x = - 5 3 , 2 3
^- k 3 h - 4 # 3 # 4 $ 0
2
PRACTICE
3k2 - 48 $ 0
 Find the roots of the quadratic equation :
k2 - 16 $ 0 15x2 - 10 6 x + 10 = 0
^k - 4h^k + 4h $ 0 [Board Term-2 OD 2012]
2 2
Thus k #- 4 and k $ 4 Ans : 3
, 3
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS 23. Solve the following quadratic equation for x :
4 3 x2 + 5x - 2 3 = 0
20. For what values of k , the roots of the equation Sol : [Board Term-2 2013, 2012]
x2 + 4x + k = 0 are real? 2
We have 4 3 x + 5x - 2 3 = 0
4 3 x2 + 8x - 3x - 2 3 = 0
We have x2 + 4x + k = 0 .
Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0 4x ^ 3 x + 2h - 3 ^ 3 x + 2h = 0
we get a = 1, b = 4, c = k . ^ 3 x + 2h^4x - 3 h = 0
Since, given the equation has real roots,
Thus x = - 2 , 3
D H0 3 4
b2 - 4ac H 0 PRACTICE
42 - 4 # 1 # k H 0  Find the roots of the quadratic equation
4k G 16 3 x2 - 2x - 3 = 0
[Board Term-2 2012, 2011]
k G4
Ans : 3, - 1
3
21. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 6x2 - x - 2 = 0

.
24. Find the roots of the quadratic equation
2 x2 + 7x + 5 2 = 0
We have 6x2 - x - 2 = 0
6x2 + 3x - 4x - 2 = 0 (3 # 4 = 2 # 6) 2
We have 2 x + 7x + 5 2 = 0
3x ^2x + 1h - 2 ^2x + 1h = 0 2
2 x + 2x + 5x + 5 2 = 0
^2x + 1h^3x - 2h = 0
2 x ^x + 2 h + 5 ^x + 2h = 0
3x - 2 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0
^x + 2 h^ 2 x + 5h = 0
x = 2 or x = - 1
3 2 Thus x = - 2 and = - 5
2 1 2
Hence roots of equation are and - .
3 2
PRACTICE
 Solve for x : 3 x2 + 10x + 7 3 = 0 2x2 - 5x - 3 = 0

5
[Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
2x2 - 5x - 3 = 0
Ans : - 3 and - 7
3
2x2 - 6x + x - 3 = 0
2x ^x - 3h + 1 ^x - 3h = 0
^2x + 1h^x - 3h = 0
2
25. Solve for x : 3x -2 2x-2 3 = 0
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015, Foreign 2014]
Thus x = - 1 , 3
2 2
We have 3x -2 2x-2 3 = 0
29. Solve the following quadratic equation for x :
3 x2 - 63 2 - 2 @x - 2 3 = 0
4x2 - 4a2 x + â 4 - b 4h = 0
3 x2 - 3 2 x + 2x-2 3 = 0
3 x2 - 3 3 2x+ 2x- 2 2 3 =0
We have 4x - 4a x + â - b h = 0
2 2 4 4
3 x (x - 3 2) + 2 (x - 2 3) = 0
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we have
3 x 6x - 6@ + 2 6x - 6@ = 0 A = 4, B = - 4a2, C = â 4 - b 4h
^x - 6 h^ 3 x + 2 h = 0 2
x = - B ! B - 4AC
2 2A
Thus x = 6 =-
3
^- 4a h - 4 # 4 â - b h
2 2
4a2 ! 4 4
=
2#4
26. Solve for x : x2 - ^ 3 + 1h x + 3 =0 2 2 4 4
= 4a ! 16a - 16a + 16b
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] 8
2 4
We have = 4a ! 16b
8
x2 - ^ 3 + 1h x + 3 =0 2 2 2 2
2
x - 3 x - 1x + 3 =0 or, x = 4a ! 4b = a ! b
8 2
x ^x - 3 h - 1 ^x - 3h = 0 2 2 2 2
Thus either x = a + b or x = a - b
2 2
^x - 3 h^x - 1h = 0
Thus x = 3,x = 1 PRACTICE
 Solve the following quadratic equation for x :

27. Find the roots of the following quadratic equation :
1 9x2 - 6b2 x - â 4 - b 4h = 0
^x + 3h^x - 1h = 3 bx - 3 l
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] Ans : 1
3 (a2 + b2), 1
3 (b2 - a2)
1
We have ^x + 3h^x - 1h = 3 bx - 3 l
x2 + 3x - x - 3 = 3x - 1 30. Solve the following quadratic equation for x :
x2 - x - 2 = 0 x2 - 2ax - ^4b2 - a2h = 0
x2 - 2x + x - 2 = 0
x ^x - 2h + 1 ^x - 2h = 0
We have x - 2ax - ^4b - a h = 0
2 2 2
^x - 2h^x + 1h = 0
x2 - 2ax + a2 - 4b2 = 0
Thus x = 2, - 1
^x - a h2 - ^2b h2 = 0
Find the roots of the following quadratic equation :
^x - a + 2b h^x - a - 2b h = 0
28.
2 x2 - x - 3 = 0
5 5 Thus x = a - 2b, x = a + 2b
We have 2 x2 - x - 3 = 0
5 5
31. Solve the quadratic equation, 2x2 + ax - a2 = 0 for x .  Solve the following quadratic equation for x :
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014] x2 - 2ax - ^4b2 - a2h = 0
We have 2x2 + ax - a2 = 0 [Board Term-2 2015]
Ans : a - 2b, a + 2b
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we have
A = 2, B = a, C = - a2
2 Solve for x (in terms of a and b ) :
x = - B ! B - 4AC
33.
Now
2A a + b = 2, x ! a, b
- a ! a2 - 4 # 2 # ^- a2h x-b x-a
=
2# 2 Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
2 2 a ^x - a h + b ^x - b h
= - a ! a + 8a We have =2
4 ^x - b h^x - a h
a ^x - a h + b ^x - b h = 2 8x2 - â + b h x + abB
2
= - a ! 9a = - a ! 3a
4 4
ax - a2 + bx - b2 = 2x2 - 2 â + b h x + 2ab
x = - a + 3 a , - a - 3 a
4 4 2x2 - 3 â + b h x + â + b h2 = 0
Thus x = a , - a 2x2 - 2 â + b h x - â - b h x + â + b h2 = 0
2
32. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 82x - â + b hB8x - â + b hB = 0
4x2 - 4px + ^p2 - q2h = 0 Thus x = a + b, a + b
2
34. If x = 23 and x = - 3 are roots of the quadratic
We have 4x - 4px + ^p - q h = 0
2 2 2
equation ax2 + 7x + b = 0 , find the values of a and b .
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get
a = 4, b = - 4p, c = ^p2 - q2h 2
We have ax + 7x + b = 0 (1)
The roots are given by the quadratic formula,
Substituting x = 2 in above equation we obtain
2 3
x = - b ! b - 4ac 4 a + 14 + b = 0
2a
9 3
4p ! 16p2 - 4 # 4 # ^p2 - q2h 4a + 42 + 9b = 0
=
2#4
4a + 9b = - 42 (2)
4p ! 16p2 - 16p2 + 16q2
= and substituting x = - 3 in (1) we obtain
8
4p ! 4q 9a - 21 + b = 0
=
8 9a + b = 21 (3)
p+q p-q
Thus roots are , . Solving (2) and (3), we get a = 3 and b = - 6
2 2
Alternative : 35. Solve for x : 6x + 7 - ^2x - 7h = 0
2 2 2
We have 4x - 4px + p - q = 0 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
^2x - p h - q = 0 2 2
We have 6x + 7 - ^2x - 7h = 0
^2x - p + q h^2x - p - q h = 0 or, 6x + 7 = ^2x - 7h
(p - q) p+q Squaring both sides we get
Thus x = and x =
2 2 6x + 7 = ^2x - 7h2
PRACTICE 6x + 7 = 4x2 - 28x + 49
 Solve the following equation for x : 4x2 - 34x + 42 = 0
4x2 + 4bx - â2 - b2h = 0
2x2 - 17x + 21 = 0
2x2 - 14x - 3x + 21 = 0
Ans : - 12 (a + b) and 12 (a - b)
2x ^x - 7h - 3 ^x - 7h = 0 ^2h2 + 2k + 12 = 0
^x - 7h^2x - 3h = 0 , 2k + 16 = 0
Thus x = 7 and x = 2 . k =- 8
3 2
Substituting k = - 8 in x + kx + q = 0 we
PRACTICE have
 Solve for x : 2x + 9 + x = 13 x2 - 8x + q = 0
[Board Term-2 OD 2016] For equal roots,
Ans : 8 and 20
^- 8h2 - 4 ^1 h q = 0
64 - 4q = 0
36. Find the value of k for which the roots of the quadratic 4q = 64 & q = 16
equation 2x2 + kx + 8 = 0 will have the equal roots ?
PRACTICE
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt., 2017]
 If 2 is a root of the quadratic equation
We have 2x2 + kx + 8 = 0 3x2 + px - 8 = 0 and the quadratic equation
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get 4x2 - 2px + k = 0 has equal roots, find k .
a = 2, b = k, and c = 8
Ans : 1
For equal roots, D = 0
b2 - 4ac = 0
k2 - 4 # 2 # 8 = 0 39. Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation
2
k = 64 x2 + 2 2k x + 18 = 0 has equal roots.
k = ! 64 Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Thus k = ! 8 We have x2 + 2 2k x + 18 = 0
Comparing it by ax2 + bx + c , we get a = 1, b = 2 2k
37. Find k so that the quadratic equation and c = 18 .
^k + 1h x - 2 ^k + 1h x + 1 = 0 has equal roots.
2
Given that, equation x2 + 2 2 kx + 18 = 0 has equal
Sol : [Board Term-2 2016] roots.
^k + 1h x - 2 ^k + 1h x + 1 = 0 b2 - 4ac = 0
2
We have
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get (2 2 k) 2 - 4 # 1 # 18 = 0
A = ^k + 1h, B = - 2 ^k + 1h, C = 1 8k2 - 72 = 0
If roots are equal, then D = 0 , i.e. 8k2 = 72
2
B = 4AC
k2 = 72 = 9
4 ^k + 1h2 = 4 ^k + 1h 8
k2 + 2k + 1 = k + 1 k =! 3
2
k +k = 0
PRACTICE
k ^k + 1h = 0
 Find the values of p for which the quadratic
k = 0, - 1 equation 4x2 + px + 3 = 0 has equal roots.
k = - 1 does not satisfy the equation, thus k = 0 [Board Term-2 2014]
Ans : ! 4 3
38. If 2 is a root of the equation x2 + kx + 12 = 0 and
the equation x2 + kx + q = 0 has equal roots, find the
value of q .  Find the values of k for which the quadratic
Sol : [Board Term 2 SQP 2016]
equation 9x2 - 3kx + k = 0 has equal roots.
2
[Board Term-2 Delhi, OD 2014]
We have x + kx + 12 = 0 Ans : 4
If 2 is the root of above equation, it must satisfy it.
 If the equation kx2 - 2kx + 6 = 0 has equal roots, Since k ! 0 , we get k = 2

then find the value of k .
[Board Term-2 2012] 43. Find the nature of the roots of the following
Ans : 6 quadratic equation. If the real roots exist, find them :
3x2 - 4 3 x + 4 = 0
40. Find the positive value of k for which x2 - 8x + k = 0 We have 2
3x - 4 3 x + 4 = 0
, will have real roots.
a = 3, b = - 4 3 , c = 4
We have x2 - 8x + k = 0
b2 - 4ac = ^- 4 3 h - 4 ^3 h^4 h
2
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get
A = 1, B = - 8, C = k = 48 - 48 = 0
Since the given equation has real roots, B2 - 4AC > 0 Thus roots are real and equal.
^- 8h2 - 4 ^1 h^k h $ 0 Roots are b- b l, b- b l or 2 3 , 2 3

2a 2a 3 3
64 - 4k $ 0
44. Find the value of k , for which one root of the quadratic
16 - k $ 0 equation kx2 - 14x + 8 = 0 is six times the other.
16 $ k Sol : [Board Term-2 2016]
Thus k # 16 We have 2
kx - 14x + 8 = 0
41. Find the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation : Let one root be a and other root be 6a .
13 3 x2 + 10x + 3 = 0 Sum of roots, a + 6a = 14
k
14
7a = or a = 2 ...(1)
We have 2
13 3 x + 10x + 3 =0 k k
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get Product of roots , a (6a) = or 6a = 8

8 2
...(2)
k k
a = 13 3 , b = 10, c = 3 Solving (1) and (2), we obtain
b2 - 4ac = ^10h2 - 4 ^13 3 h^ 3 h 6b 2 l
2
=8
k k
= 100 - 156
6 # 42 =8
= - 56 k k
As D 1 0 , the equation has not real roots. 3 =1
k2 k
42. For what value of k , the roots of the quadratic 3k = k2
equation kx ^x - 2 5 h + 10 = 0 are equal ? 3k - k2 = 0
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014, 2013] k 63 - k @ = 0
We have kx ^x - 2 5 h + 10 = 0 k = 0 or k = 3
or, kx2 - 2 5 kx + 10 = 0 Since k = 0 is not possible, therefore k = 3 .
2
Comparing with ax + bx + c = 0 we get
a = k, b = - 2 5 k and c = 10
Since, roots are equal, D = b2 - 4ac = 0
^- 2 5 k h - 4 # k # 10 = 0
2
45. Solve the following equation: 1 - 1 = 3 , x ! 0 , 2

2
20k - 40k = 0 x x-2
Sol :
20k ^k - 2h = 0
[Board 2020 SQP Standard]
We have 1- 1 =3 (x ! 0, 2)
k ^k - 2h = 0 x x-2
x-2-x = 3 2
x (x - 2) x = - b ! b - 4ac
2a
-2
x (x - 2)
=3 = - 121 ! 14641 - 9592
22
3x (x - 2) = - 2
x = - 121 ! 5049
2
3x - 6x + 2 = 0 22
Comparing it by ax2 + bx + c , we get a = 3 , b = - 6 = - 121 ! 71.06
22
and c = 2 .
2 x = - 49.94 , - 192.06
Now, x = - b ! b - 4ac 22 22
2a
x = - 2.27 , - 8.73 .
- (- 6) ! (- 6) 2 - 4 (3) (2)
=
2 (3) 48. Solve for x :
= 6 ! 36 - 24 = 6 ! 12 x + 1 + x - 2 = 4 - 2x + 3 ; x ! 1, - 2, 2
6 6 x-1 x+2 x-2
= 6!2 3 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]

6
We have x+1+x-2 = 4 - 2x + 3
x-1 x+2 x-2
= 3+ 3 , 3- 3
3 3 x2 + 3x + 2 + x2 - 3x + 2 4 x - 8 - 2x - 3
=
x2 + x - 2 x-2
46. Solve for x : 1 + 2 = 1 , x ! 0, 2 , 2 . 2x2 + 4
x 2x - 3 x - 2 3 = 2x - 11
2
x +x-2 x-2
Sol :
^2x + 4h^x - 2h = ^2x - 11h^x2 + x - 2h
[Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] 2
We have 1+ 2 = 1
x 2x - 3 x-2 5x2 + 19x - 30 =0
2x - 3 + 2x = 1 ^5x - 6h^x + 5h = 0
x (2x - 3) x-2
4x - 3 x = - 5, 6
= 1 5
x (2x - 3) x-2
Solve for x :
^x - 2h^4x - 3h
49.
= 2x2 - 3x
2x + 1 + 3x + 9 = 0, x ! 3, - 3
4x2 - 11x + 6 = 2x2 - 3x x - 3 2x + 3 ^x - 3h^2x + 3h 2
2x2 - 8x + 6 = 0
x2 - 4x + 3 = 0
We have 2x + 1 + 3x + 9 =0
^x - 1h^x - 3h = 0 x - 3 2x + 3 ^x - 3h^2x + 3h
Thus x = 1, 3 2x ^2x + 3h + ^x - 3h + ^3x + 9h = 0
4x2 + 6x + x - 3 + 3x + 9 = 0
47. Solve for x : 1 - 1 = 11 x !- 4, - 7 . 4x2 + 10x + 6 = 0
x+4 x+7 30
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
We have 1 - 1 = 11 ^x + 1h^2x + 3h = 0
x+4 x+7 30
x+7-x-4 11 Thus x = - 1, x = - 3
= 2
(x + 4) (x + 7) 30
50. Solve the following quadratic equation for x :
3 = 11
x2 + 4x + 7x + 28 30 x2 + b a + a + b l x + 1 = 0
3 11 a+b a
=
x2 + 11x + 28 30
11x2 + 121x + 308 = 90
We have x2 + b a + a + b l x + 1 = 0
11x2 + 121x + 218 = 0 a+b a
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 , we get a = 11, 2
x + a x+ +bx+1 = 0
a
a+b a
b = 121 and c = 218 we obtain
x ax + a + a + b ax + a k = 0 x2 + 6a + 3 - â - 2h@x - â + 3hâ - 2h = 0
a+bk a a+b
x2 + â + 3h x - â - 2h x - â + 3hâ - 2h = 0
a a+b
ax + a + b kbx + a l = 0
x 6x + â + 3h@ - â - 2h6x + â + 3h@ = 0
- â + b h
Thus x = -a , 6x + â + 3h@6x - â - 2h@ = 0
a+b a
Thus x = - â + 3h and x = â - 2h
Solve for x :
Hence, roots of given equations are x = - â + 3h and
51.
1 + 1 = 2 ; x ! 1, 2, 3 x = a - 2.
^x - 1h^x - 2h ^x - 2h^x - 3h 3
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] PRACTICE
We have 1 + 1 =2  Solve for x : x2 + 6x - â2 + 2a - 8h

^x - 1h^x - 2h ^x - 2h^x - 3h 3
x-3+x-1 =2 Ans : a - 2, - a - 4
^x - 1h^x - 2h^x - 3h 3
2x - 4 =2
^x - 1h^x - 2h^x - 3h 3
2 ^x - 2h 53. Solve for x : x2 - (2b - 1) x + (b2 - b - 20) = 0
=2
^x - 1h^x - 2h^x - 3h 3 Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
2 =2 We have x - ^2b - 1h x + ^b - b - 20h = 0
2 2
^x - 1h^x - 3h 3
3 = ^x - 1h^x - 3h Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we have
x2 - 4x + 3 = 3 A = 1, B = - (2b - 1), C = ^b2 - b - 20h
2
x2 - 4x = 0 x = - B ! B - 4AC
2A
x ^x - 4h = 0
^2b - 1h ! ^2b - 1h2 - 4 ^b - b - 20h
2
Thus x = 0 or x = 4 x =
2
52. Solve for x : x2 + 5x - â2 + a - 6h = 0 ^2b - 1h ! 4b - 4b + 1 - 4b + 4b + 80
2 2
=
Sol : [Board 2019 OD, Foreign 2015] 2
We have x + 5x - â + a - 6h = 0
3 2
^2b - 1h ! 81 ^2b - 1h ! 9
= =
2
2 2
x = - b ! b - 4ac
2a = 2b + 8 , 2b - 10
2 2
-5 ! 25 + 4 â2 + a - 6h
Thus x = = b + 4, b - 5
2
25 + 4a2 + 4a - 24 Thus x = b + 4 and x = b - 5
= -5 !
2
54. Solve the quadratic equation ^x - 1h2 - 5 ^x - 1h - 6 = 0
= -5 ! 4a2 + 4a + 1
2 Sol : [Board Term-2 2015]
- 5 ! ^2a + 1h
= We have ^x - 1h - 5 ^x - 1h - 6 = 0
2
2 2
x - 2x + 1 - 5x + 5 - 6 = 0
= 2a - 4 , - 2a - 6
2 2 x2 - 7x + 6 - 6 = 0
Thus x = a - 2, x = - â + 3h x2 - 7x = 0
Alternative : x ^x - 7h = 0
We have x2 + 5x - â2 + a - 6h = 0 Thus x = 0, 7
x + 5x - 6a + 3a - 2a - 6@ = 0
2 2
Solve the equation for x : 4 - 3 = 5 ; x ! 0, - 3

x + 5x - 6a â + 3h - 2 â + 3h@ = 0
55.
2
x 2x + 3 2
x2 + 5x - â + 3hâ - 2h = 0 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
We have 4 -3 = 5 Ans : 2 + 2 3 , 2 - 2 3
x 2x + 3
4- 5 =3
x 2x + 3
Solve for x : 9x2 - 6ax + â2 - b2h = 0
4 ^2x + 3h - 5x
57.
=3
x ^2x + 3h Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
8x + 12 - 5x = 3x ^2x + 3h We have 2 2 2
9x - 6ax + a - b = 0
2
3x + 12 = 6x + 9x Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we have
A = 9, B = - 6a, C = â2 - b2h
2
6x + 6x - 12 = 0
2
x +x-2 = 0 2
x = - B ! B - 4AC
2
x + 2x - x - 2 = 0 2A
x ^x + 2h - ^x + 2h = 0 6a ! ^- 6a h2 - 4 # 9k â2 - b2h
x =
2#9
^x + 2h^x - 1h = 0
Thus x = 1, - 2 = 6a ! 36a2 - 36a2 + 36b2
18
2
PRACTICE
= 6a ! 36b = 6a ! 6b
18 18
 Solve for x : 16 - 1 = 15 ; x ! 0, - 1
x x+1 =a!b
[Board Term-2 OD 2014] 3
Ans : - 4 and 4 â + b h â - b h
x = ,
3 3
Thus x = a + b , x = a - b
3 3
56. Find the roots of the equation 2x2 + x - 4 = 0 , by the
method of completing the squares. 58. Solve the equation 1 - 1 = 11 , x ! - 4, 7 for
x+4 x-7 30
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2014] x.
We have 2
2x + x - 4 = 0 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
1 - 1 = 11
x2 + x - 2 = 0 We have,
x+4 x-7 30
2
1 x-7-x-4 = 11
x + 2x b l - 2 = 0
2
4 ^x + 4h^x - 7h 30
Adding and subtracting b 1 l , we get
2
- 11 = 11
4 ^x + 4h^x - 7h 30
x2 + 2x b 1 l + b 1 l - b 1 l - 2
2 2
=0 -1 = 1
4 4 4 ^x + 4h^x - 7h 30
1 2 1
bx + 4 l - b 16 + 2 l =0 ^x + 4h^x - 7h = - 30
x2 - 3x - 28 = - 30
1 2 1 + 32
bx + 4 l - b 16 l =0 2
x - 3x + 2 = 0
1 2 33 2
x - 2x - x + 2 = 0
bx + 4 l - 16 =0
^x - 1h^x - 2h = 0
1 2 = 33
bx + 4 l 16 Thus x =1 and 2.
1 33
bx + 4 l = ! 4 59. Find the roots of the quadratic equation :
a2 b2 x2 + b2 x - a2 x - 1 = 0
Thus roots are x = - 1 + 33 , - 1 - 33
4 4 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
2 2 2 2 2
PRACTICE We have a b x +b x-a x-1 = 0
 Find the roots of x2 - 4x - 8 = 0 by the method b x â2 x + 1h - 1 â2 x + 1h = 0

2
of completing square. ^b x - 1hâ x + 1h = 0

2 2
[Board Term-2 2015]

x = 12 or x = - 12 Now 2a2 + 5ab + 2b2 = 2a2 + 4ab + ab + 2b2

b a
= 2a 6a + 2b@ + b 6a + 2b@
1 1
Hence, roots are 2 and - 2 .
b a = â + 2b h^2a + b h
y Hence the equation becomes
60. If ^x2 + y2hâ2 + b2h = âx + by h2 , prove that x =
a b
9x2 - 9 â + b h x + â + 2b h^2a + b h = 0
9x2 - 3 63a + 3b@x + â + 2b h^2a + b h = 0
^x + y hâ + b h = âx + by h2
2 2 2 2
We have
9x2 - 3 8â + 2b h + ^2a + b hB x + â + 2b h^2a + b h = 0
x2 a2 + x2 b2 + y2 a2 + y2 b2 = a2 x2 + b2 y2 + 2abxy
9x2 - 3 â + 2b h x - 3 ^2a + b h x + â + 2b h^2a + b h = 0
x2 b2 + y2 a2 - 2abxy = 0
3x 83x - â + 2b hB - ^2a + b h83x - â + 2b hB = 0
^xb - ya h2 = 0
xb = ya 83x - â + 2b hB83x - ^2a + b hB = 0
x =y 3x - ^2a + b h = 0
Thus
a b
Hence Proved. x = a + 2b
3
61. Solve the following quadratic equation for x : 3x - ^2a + b h = 0
p x + ^p - q h x - q = 0
2 2 2 2 2
x = 2a + b
3
+
Hence, roots are a 2 b and 2a + b .
We have p x + ^p - q h x - q = 0
2 2 2 2 2 3 3
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get 63. If the roots of the equation
^ h ^ h ^ h
2 2 2 2 2
a + b x - 2 ac + bd x + c + d = 0 are equal,
a = p2, b = p2 - q2, c = - q2 a c
prove that = .
The roots are given by the quadratic formula b d
We have â + b h x - 2 âc + bd h x + ^c + d2h = 0

2
x = - b ! b - 4ac
2 2 2 2
2a
^p - q h - 4 ^p h^- q h
- ^p - q h -
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= A = â2 + b2h, B = - 2 âc + bd h, C = ^c2 + d2h
2p2
If roots are equal, D = B2 - 4AC = 0
- ^p2 - q2h - p 4 + q 4 - 2p2 q2 + 4p2 q2
= or B2 = 4AC
2p2
- ^p2 - q2h - p 4 + q 4 + 2p2 q2 Now 8- 2 âc + bd hB2 = 4 â2 + b2h^c2 + d2h
=
2p2 4 â2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2h = 4 â2 c2 + a2 d2 + b2 c2 + b2 d2h
- ^p2 - q2h - (p2 + q2) 2 a2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2 = a2 c2 + a2 d2 + b2 c2 + b2 d2
=
2p2
2abcd = a2 d2 + b2 c2
- ^p2 - q2h ! (p2 + q2)
= 0 = a2 d2 - 2abcd + b2 c2
2p2
- ^p2 - q2h + (p2 + q2) 2q2 q2 0 = âd - bc h2
Thus x = = 2= 2
2p 2 2p p 0 = ad - bc
- ^p2 - q2h - (p2 + q2) - 2p2
and x = = =- 1 Thus ad = bc
2p2 2p2
a =c Hence Proved
q2 b d
Hence, roots are 2 and - 1.
p
62. Solve the following quadratic equation for x : PRACTICE
9x2 - 9 â + b h x + 2a2 + 5ab + 2b2 = 0  Show that if the roots of the following equation
are equal then ad = bc or a = c .
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] b d
We have 9x - 9 â + b h x + 2a + 5ab + 2b2 = 0
2 2
x2 â2 + b2h + 2 âc + bd h x + c2 + d2 = 0 a = k - 2, b = 2 ^2k - 3h, c = (5k - 6)

[Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017] For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0
Ans : Proof
$2 ^2k - 3h. - 4 ^k - 2h^5k - 6h = 0
2
4 ^4k2 - 12k + 9h - 4 ^k - 2h^5k - 6h = 0

64. Determine the positive value of k for which the 4k2 - 12k + 9 - 5k2 + 6k + 10k - 12 = 0
equation x2 + kx + 64 = 0 and x2 - 8x + k = 0 will
k2 - 4k + 3 = 0
both have real and equal roots.
k2 - 3k - k + 3 = 0
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012, 2014]
We have x2 + kx + 64 = 0 k ^k - 3h - 1 ^k - 3h = 0
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get ^k - 3h^k - 1h = 0

a = 1, b = k, c = 64 Thus k = 1, 3
For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0 67. If the roots of the quadratic equation
^ h ^ h ^ h
2
Thus 2
k - 4 # 1 # 64 = 0 a - b x + b - c x + c - a = 0 are equal, prove that
k2 - 256 = 0 & k = ! 16 (1) 2a = b + c .
2
Now for equation x - 8x + k = 0 we have Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
b2 - 4ac = 0 We have â - b h x + ^b - c h x + ^c - a h = 0
2
^- 8h2 - 4 # 1 # k = 0 Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get

64 = 4k a = â - b,h, b = ^b - c h, c = c - a
For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0
k = 64 = 16 (2)
4
From (1) and (2), we get k = 16 . Thus for k = 16 ,
^b - c h2 - 4 â - b h^c - a h = 0
given equations have equal roots. b2 + c2 - 2bc - 4 âc - a2 - bc + ab h = 0
b2 + c2 - 2bc - 4ac + 4a2 + 4bc - 4ab = 0
65. Find that non-zero value of k , for which the quadratic
equation kx2 + 1 - 2 ^k - 1h x + x2 = 0 has equal roots. 4a2 + b2 + c2 + 2bc - 4ab - 4ac = 0
Hence find the roots of the equation. Using a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = â + b + c h2 ,
Sol : [ Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
^- 2a + b + c h2 = 0
We have kx2 + 1 - 2 ^k - 1h x + x2 = 0 - 2a + b + c = 0
^k + 1h x - 2 ^k - 1h x + 1 = 0
2
Hence, b + c = 2a
2
68. If ad ! bc , then prove that the equation
a = k + 1, b = - 2 ^k - 1h, c = 1
â + b h x + 2 âc + bd h x + ^c + d h = 0 has no real
2 2 2 2 2
For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0 roots.

4 ^k - 1h2 - 4 ^k + 1h # 1 = 0 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
â + b h x + 2 âc + bd h x + ^c + d h = 0
2
4k - 8k + 4 - 4k - 4 = 0 We have 2 2 2 2 2
4k2 - 12k = 0 Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get

4k ^k - 3h = 0 A = â2 + b2h, B = 2 âc + bd h and C = ^c2 + d2h
As k can’t be zero, thus k = 3 .
For no real roots, D = B2 - 4AC 1 0
66. Find the value of k for which the quadratic equation D = B2 - 4AC
^k - 2h x + 2 ^2k - 3h x + ^5k - 6h = 0 has equal roots.
2
= 82 âc + bd hB2 - 4 â2 + b2h^c2 + d2h
= 4 6a2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2@ - 4 6a2 c2 + a2 d2 + b2 c2 + b2 d2@
^k - 2h x + 2 ^2k - 3h x + ^5k - 6h = 0
2
We have
= 4 6a2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2 - a2 c2 - a2 d2 - b2 c2 - b2 d2@
2
= - 4 6a2 d2 + b2 c2 - 2abcd @
= - 4 âd - bc h2 satisfy it.

Since ad ! bc , therefore D ! 0 and always negative. 2 ^- 5h2 + p ^- 5h - 15 = 0
Hence the equation has no real roots. 50 - 5p - 15 = 0
69. Find the value of c for which the quadratic equation 5p = 35 & p = 7
4x2 - 2 ^c + 1h x + ^c + 1h = 0 has equal roots. Now p ^x + x h + k = 0 has equal roots
2
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] or 7x2 + 7x + k = 0

We have 4x2 - 2 ^c + 1h x + ^x + 1h = 0 Taking b2 - 4ac = 0 we have
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get 72 - 4 # 7 # k = 0
A = 4, B = 2 ^c + 1h, C = ^c + 1h 7 - 4k = 0
If roots are equal, B2 - 4AC = 0 k =7
4
62 ^c + 1h@2 - 4 # 4 ^c + 1h = 0 Hence p = 7 and k = 7 .
4
4 ^c2 + 2c + 1h - 4 ^4c + 4h = 0
PRACTICE
4 ^c2 + 2c + 1 - 4c - 4h = 0
 If - 3 is a root of quadratic equation
c2 - 2c - 3 = 0
2x2 + px - 15 = 0 , while the quadratic equation
c2 - 3c + c - 3 = 0 x2 - 4px + k = 0 has equal roots. Find the value
c ^c - 3h + 1 ^c - 3h = 0 of k .
[Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
^c - 3h^c + 1h = 0 Ans : 4
c = 3, - 1
Hence for equal roots c = 3, - 1.
1 FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

70. Solve = 1 + 1 + 1 , a + b ! 0.
â + b + x h a b x
Solve for x : b 2x l + b 2x l - 24 = 0, x ! 5
2
72.
1 x-5 x-5
We have = 1+1+1
a+b+x a b x
1 -1 = 1+1 2x 2
2x
a+b+x x a b We have b x - 5 l + 5 b x - 5 l - 24 = 0
x - â + b + x h
=a+b 2x = y then we have
x â + b + x h ab Let
x-5
x-a-b-x = +b
a y2 + 5y - 24 = 0
x â + b + x h ab
- â + b h ^y + 8h^y - 3h =0
=a+b
x â + b + x h ab y = 3, - 8
x â + b + x h = - ab Taking y = 3 we have
x + â + b h x + ab
2
=0 2x =3
x-5
^x + a h^x + b h = 0 2x = 3x - 15 & x = 15
x = - a or x = - b
Taking y = - 8 we have
71. If ^- 5h is a root of the quadratic equation 2x =- 8
2x2 + px + 15 = 0 and the quadratic equation x-5
p ^x2 + x h + k = 0 has equal roots, then find the values 2x = - 8x + 40
of p and k . 10x = 40 & x = 4
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] Hence, x = 15, 4
2
We have 2x + px - 15 = 0
Since x = - 5 is the root of above equation. It must
73. Solve for x : 1 + 2 = 4 x !- 1, - 2, - 4 We have x - 1 + 2x + 1 = 2

x+1 x+2 x+4 2x + 1 x-1
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] x - 1 2 x + 1=1
Let be y so
1 + 2 4 2x + 1 x-1 y
We have = Substituting this value we obtain
x+1 x+2 x+4
x + 2 + 2 ^x + 1h
= 4 y+ 1 = 2
^x + 1h^x + 2h x+4 y
3x + 4 = 4 y2 + 1 = 2y
x2 + 3x + 2 x+4
y2 - 2y + 1 = 0
^3x + 4h^x + 4h = 4 ^x2 + 3x + 2h
3x2 + 16x + 16 = 4x2 + 12x + 8 ^y - 1h2 = 0
x2 - 4x - 8 = 0 y =1
Substituting y = x - 1 we have
2
Now x = - b b + 4ac 2x + 1
2a
x - 1 = 1 or x - 1 = 2x + 1
- ^- 4h ! ^- 4h2 - 4 ^1 h^- 8h 2x + 1
=
2#1
or x =- 2
= 4 ! 16 + 32
2 1 + 2 = 6 ; x ! 0, 1, 2
76. Find for x :
x-2 x-1 x
= 4 ! 48 = 4 ! 4 3
2 2 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
= 2!2 3 1 + 2 =6
We have
x-2 x-1 x
Hence, x = 2 + 2 3 and 2 - 2 3
x - 1 + 2x - 4 = 6
^x - 2h^x - 1h x
PRACTICE
3x2 - 5x = 6x2 - 18x + 12
 Solve for x : 3 + 4 = 29 ; x ! - 1, 1, 1
x + 1 x - 1 4x - 1 4 3x2 - 13x + 12 = 0
3x2 - 4x - 9x + 12 = 0
Ans : 4 and - 7
x ^3x - 4h - 3 ^3x - 4h = 0
^3x - 4h^x - 3h = 0
Find x in terms of a, b and c :
x = 4 and 3
74.
a + b = 2c , x ! a, b, c 3
x-a x-b x-c Hence, x = 3, 4
3
77. Solve, for x : 3 x2 + 10x + 7 3 = 0
We have a + b = 2c
x-a x-b x-c Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
a ^x - b h^x - c h + b ^x - a h^x - c h = 2c ^x - a h^x - b h We have 2

3 x + 10x + 7 3 = 0
ax2 - abx - acx + abc + bx2 - bax - bcx + abc 3 x2 + 3x + 7x + 7 3 = 0
= 2cx2 - 2cxb - 2cxa + 2abc ^x + 3 h^ 3 x + 7h = 0
ax2 + bx2 - 2cx2 - abx - acx - bax - bcx + 2cbx + 2acx ^x + 3 h^ 3 x + 7h = 0
=0 x = - 3 and x = - 7
3
x2 â + b - 2c h - 2abx + acx + bcx = 0
Hence roots x = - 3 and x = - 7
x2 â + b - 2c h + x ^- 2ab + ac + bc h = 0 3
Thus x = - b ac + bc - 2ab l 78. Solve for x : x + 3 - 1 - x = 17 ; x ! 0, 2

a + b - 2c x-2 x 4
Sol : [Board Term -2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
75. Solve for x : - 1 + 2x + 1 = 2 where x ]- 1 , 1
x
2x + 1 x-1 2 x + 3 - 1 - x = 17
We have
x-2 x 4
x ^x + 3h - ^1 - x h^x - 2h x2 + 8x + 16 = 0
= 17
x ^x - 2h 4 x2 + 2 # 4x + 42 = 0
^x + 3x h - ^- x + 3x - 2h
2 2
= 17 (x + 4) 2 = 0 & x = - 4, - 4
2
x - 2x 4
Hence, roots are - 4 and - 4 .
2x2 + 2 = 17
x2 - 2x 4 When p = - 8 from equation (1) we have
8x2 + 8 = 17x2 - 34x x2 - 8x + 16 = 0
9x2 - 34x - 8 = 0 x2 - 2 # 4x + 42 = 0
9x2 - 36x + 2x - 8 = 0 (x - 4) 2 = 0 & x = 4 , 4
9x ^x - 4h + 2 ^x - 4h = 0 Hence, the required roots are either - 4 , - 4 or 4, 4
^x - 4h^9x + 2h = 0 81. Find the positive values of k for which quadratic
x = 4 or x = - 2 equations x2 + kx + 64 = 0 and x2 - 8x + k = 0 both
9
will have the real roots.
Hence, x = 4, - 2
9 Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
79. Solve for x : 4x2 + 4bx - â2 - b2h = 0 2
(1) For x + kx + 64 = 0 to have real roots
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] k2 - 256 $ 0
We have 4x2 + 4bx - â2 - b2h = 0 k2 $ 256
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get k $ 16 or k < - 16
A = 4, B = 4b and C = b2 - a2 2
(2) For x - 8x + k = 0 to have real roots
2
x = - B ! B - 4AC 64 - 4k $ 0
2A
16 - k $ 0
- 4b ! ^4b h2 - 4.4 ^b2 - a2h
= 16 $ k
2.4
2 2 2 For (1) and (2) to hold simultaneously, k = 16
= - 4b ! 16b - 16b + 16a
8
82. Find the values of k for which the equation
= - 4b ! 4a ^3k + 1h x + 2 ^k + 1h x + 1 has equal roots. Also find
2
8
the roots.
â + b h â - b h
=- , Sol :
2 2 [Board Term-2 2014]
^ a + b h â - b h We have ^3k + 1h x + 2 ^k + 1h x + 1
2
Hence the roots are - and
2 2
80. Write all the values of p for which the quadratic A = (3k + 1), B = 2 (k + 1), C = 1
equation x2 + px + 16 = 0 has equal roots. Find the
If roots are equal, B2 - 4AC = 0
roots of the equation so obtained.
82 ^k + 1hB - 4 ^3k + 1h^1 h = 0
2
4 ^k2 + 2k + 1h - ^12k + 4h = 0
We have x2 + px + 16 = 0 ...(1)
If this equation has equal roots, then discriminant 4k2 + 8k + 4 - 12k - 4 = 0
b2 - 4ac must be zero. 4k2 - 4k = 0
i.e., b2 - 4ac = 0 ...(2) 4k ^k - 1h = 0
Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0 k = 0, 1.
we get a = 1, b = p and c = 16
Substituting k = 0 , in the given equation,
Substituting above in equation (2) we have
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
2
p - 4 # 1 # 16 = 0
^x + 1h2 = 0
p = 64 & p = ! 8
2
x =- 1
When p = 8 , from equation (1) we have
Again substituting k = 1, in the given equation, 2p2 - 4p - 6 = 0

4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0 p2 - 2p - 3 = 0
^2x + 1h2 = 0 p2 - 3p + p - 3 = 0
or, x =- 1 p ^p - 3h + 1 ^p - 3h = 0
2
Hence, roots are - 1, - 1 . ^p - 3h^p + 1h = 0
2
83. If x = - 2 is a root of the equation 3x2 + 7x + p = 0 , p = - 1, 3
find the value of k so that the roots of the equation Neglecting p !- 1 we get p = 3
x2 + k ^4x + k - 1h + p = 0 are equal.
Now the equation becomes
4x2 - 24x + 36 = 0
We have 3x2 + 7x + p = 0
or x2 - 6x + 9 = 0
Since x = - 2 is the root of above equation, it must
satisfy it. or, ^x - 3h^x - 3h = 0
Thus 3 ^- 2h + 7 ^- 2h + p = 0 x = 3, 3
p =2 Thus roots are 3 and 3.

Since roots of the equation x2 + 4kx + k2 - k + 2 = 0 PRACTICE
are equal,
 Find the values of k for which the quadratic
16k2 - 4 ^k2 - k + 2h = 0 equations ^k + 4h x2 + ^k + 1h x + 1 = 0 has equal
16k2 - 4k2 + 4k - 8 = 0 roots. Also, find the roots.
12k2 + 4k - 8 = 0 [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
Ans : For k = 5, x = - 13 ; k = - 3, x = 1
3k2 + k - 2 = 0
^3k - 2h^k + 1h = 0
k = 2, - 1 85. If the equation ^1 + m2h x2 + 2mcx + ^c2 - a2h = 0 has
3 equal roots, prove that c2 = a2 ^1 + m2h
2
Hence, roots = , - 1
3 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
^1 + m h x + 2mcx + ^c - a h = 0
2 2 2 2
PRACTICE We have
 If x = - 4 is a root of the equation x2 + 2x + 4p = 0 Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get
, find the values of k for which the equation A = 1 + m2, B = 2mc, C = ^c2 - a2h
x2 + px ^1 + 3k h + 7 ^3 + 2k h = 0 has equal roots.
If roots are equal, B2 - 4AC = 0
^2mc h2 - 4 (1 + m ) ^c - a h = 0
2 2 2
Ans : 2 and - 109
4m2 c2 - 4 ^1 + m2h^c2 - a2h = 0
m2 c2 - ^c2 - a2 + m2 c2 - m2 a2h = 0
84. Find the value of p for which the quadratic equation
^p + 1h x - 6 ^p + 1h x + 3 ^p + 9h = 0 , p !- 1 has m2 c2 - c2 + a2 - m2 c2 + m2 a2 = 0
2
equal roots. Hence find the roots of the equation. - c2 + a2 + m2 a2 = 0

Sol : [Board Term-2 2015] , c2 = a2 ^1 + m2h
^p + 1h x - 6 ^p + 1h x + 3 ^p + 9h = 0
2
We have
Hence Proved.
PRACTICE
a = p + 1, b = - 6 ^p + 1h, c = 3 ^p + 9h
 If the quadratic equation,
For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0
^ h ^ h
2 2 2 2 2
1 + a b x + 2 abcx + c - m = 0 in x has equal
36 ^p + 1h2 - 4 ^p + 1h # 3 ^p + 9h = 0 roots, prove that c = m ^1 + a h
2 2 2
3 ^p2 + 2p + 1h - ^p + 1h^p + 9h = 0 [Board Term-2 2014]

Ans : Proof
3p2 + 6p + 3 - ^p2 + 9p + p + 9h = 0
86. If the roots of the quadratic equation a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

^x - a h^x - b h + ^x - b h^x - c h + ^x - c h^x - a h = 0 are
equal. Then show that a = b = c. 88. Solve for x : 1 = 1+1+1
a+b+x a b x
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] where a + b + x ! 0 and a, b, x ! 0
We have Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
^x - a h^x - b h + ^x - b h^x - c h + ^x - c h^x - a h = 0 1
We have -1 = 1+1
x2 - ax - bx + ab + a+b+x x a b
- â + b h
+ x2 - bx - cx + bc + =b+a
x2 + â + b h x ab
+ x2 - cx - ax + ac = 0 x + â + b h x + ab = 0
2
3x2 - 2ac - 2bx - 2cx + ab + bc + ca = 0 ^x + a h^x + b h = 0

For equal roots B - 4AC = 0 2
x = - a, x = - b
$- 2 â + b + c h. - 4 # 3 âb + bc + ca h = 0 Hence x = - a, - b
2
4 â + b + c h2 - 12 âb + bc + ca h = 0 89. Check whether the equation 5x2 - 6x - 2 = 0 has real

a2 + b2 + c2 - 3 âb + bc + ca h = 0 roots if it has, find them by the method of completing
the square. Also verify that roots obtained satisfy the
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac - 3ab - 3bc - 3ac = 0 given equation.
a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - ac - bc = 0 Sol : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017]
62a + 2b + 2c - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc@ = 0

1 2 2 2 2
2 We have 5x - 6x - 2 = 0
28 â + b - 2ab h + ^b + c - 2bc h + ^c + a - 2ac hB = 0
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 8â - b h + ^b - c h + ^c - a h B = 0 a = 5, b = ^- 6h and c = ^- 2h
1 2 2 2
or, â - b h + ^b - c h + ^c - a h = 0
2 2 2
b2 - 4ac = ^- 6h2 - 4 # 5 # - 2
If a ! b ! c = 36 + 40 = 76 2 0
â - b h2 2 0, ^b - c h2 2 0, ^c - a h2 2 0 So the equation has real and two distinct roots.
If â - b h = 0 & a = b
2 5x2 - 6x = 2
â - c h2 = 0 & b = c Dividing both the sides by 5 we get

x2 - 6 x = 2
^c - a h2 = 0 & c = a 5 5 5
Thus a = b = c Hence Proved
x2 - 2x b 3 l = 2
5 5
87. If the roots of the quadratic equation Adding square of the half of coefficient of x
^c - ab h x - 2 â - bc h x + b - ac = 0 in x are equal
2 2 2 2
then show that either a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc x2 - 2x b 3 l + 9 = 2 + 9

5 25 5 25
Sol : 3 2
19
bx - 5 l = 25
^c - ab h x - 2 â - bc h x + b - ac = 0
2 2 2 2
We have
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get x - 3 = ! 19
5 5
A = (c2 - ab), B = (a2 - bc), C = (b2 - ac)
x = 3 + 19 or 3 - 19
If roots are equal, B2 - 4AC = 0 5 5
Verification :
82 â - bc hB - 4 ^c - ab h^b - ac h = 0
2 2 2 2
2
4 6a 4 + b2 c2 - 2a2 bc@ - 4 ^b2 c2 - c3 a - ab3 - a2 bc h =0 5 ;3 + 19 E - 6 ;3 + 19 E - 2

5 5
4 6a 4 + b2 c2 - 2a2 bc - b2 c2 + c3 a + ab3 - a2 bc@ = 0
= 9 + 6 19 + 19 - c 18 + 6 19 m - 2
5 5
4 6a + ac + ab - 3a bc@ = 0
4 3 3 2
a â3 + c3 + b3 - 3abc h = 0 = 28 + 6 19 - 18 + 6 19 - 2
5 5
Let units digit and tens digit of the two digit number
= 28 + 6 19 - 18 - 6 19 - 10
5 be x and y respectively.
=0 Thus number is 10y + x
Similarly According to question, we have
2 10y + x = 4 ^y + x h
5 ;3 - 19 E - 6 ;3 - 19 E - 2 = 0 10y + x = 4y + 4x
5 5
Hence verified. 10y - 4y = 4x - x
6y = 3x & 2y = x
WORD PROBLEMS Also, 10y + x = 3xy
Now substituting x = 2y we have
90. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the 10y + 2y = 3 ^2y h y
difference of their perimeter is 24 m, find the sides of 12y = 6y2
the squares. 6y2 - 12y = 0
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012, 2011] 6y ^y - 2h = 0
Let the side of the smaller square be y and the side of
y = 0 or y = 2
the longer square be x . As per question the difference
of their perimeter is 24. Thus we have As the number can’t be zero, x = 4 and x = 2y = 4 .
4x - 4y = 24 Thus required number is 24.
x-y = 6 (1) 92. The difference of two natural numbers is 5 and the
According to the question we get difference of their reciprocals is 101 . Find the numbers.
x2 + y2 = 468 (2) Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Substituting x = y + 6 from equation (1) in (2) we Since difference of two natural numbers is 5, let the x
have and (x + 5) be two natural numbers.
^y + 6h2 + y = 468
2 Reciprocals of the numbers are 1 and 1 .
x x+5
2y2 + 12y + 36 = 468
1- 1 = 1
2y2 + 12y - 432 = 0 x x+5 10
y2 + 6y - 216 = 0 x+5-x = 1
x (x + 5) 10
^y + 18h^y - 12h = 0 5
Thus y = - 18, 12 = 1
x2 + 5x 10
As side can not be negative, y = 12 and x = 12 + 6 = 18 x2 + 5x - 50 = 0
Hence, the side of larger square 18 m and that of x2 + 10x - 5x - 50 = 0
smaller square 12 m. x (x + 10) - 5 (x - 10) = 0
PRACTICE
(x + 10) (x - 5) = 0 & x = 5 , x = - 10
But given two numbers are natural numbers.
 Sum of the areas of two squares is 400 cm2. If the
Therefore, x = 5 .
difference of their perimeters is 16 cm, find the
sides of the two squares. Here, the required natural numbers are x = 5 and
x + 5 = 10 .
[Board Term-2 2013]
Ans : 16 cm 93. Three consecutive positive integers are such that the
sum of the square of the first and product of the other
two is 46. Find the integers.
91. A two digit number is four times the sum of the digits.
It also equal to 3 times the product of digits. Find the
number. Let the numbers be x , x + 1, x + 2 .
According to question, we obtain
x2 + (x + 1) (x + 2) = 46 9x - 9y + 45 = 0
2 2
x + x + 3x + 2 = 46 x-y+5 = 0 ...(2)
2
2x + 3x - 44 = 0 From equation (1) and (2), we get
x - 14 + 5 = 0
2
2x + 11x - 8x - 44 = 0
x
x (2x + 11) - 4 (2x + 11) = 0 x2 - 14 + 5x = 0
(2x + 11) (x - 4) = 0 x2 + 5x - 14 = 0
2x + 11 = 0 and x - 4 = 0 x2 + 7x + - 2x - 14 = 0
or, x = - 11 and x = 4 x (x + 7) - 2 (x + 7) = 0
2
But x can’t be negative, thus x = 4 . (x + 7) (x - 2) = 0
So, numbers are 4, 5 and 6. Thus x = - 7 and x = 2
Since, the digits cannot be negative, x = 2
PRACTICE
Thus, y = 14 = 14 = 7
 Three consecutive natural number are such that x 2
the square of the middle number exceeds the Therefore, number is (10x + y) = 27
difference of the squares of the other two by 60.
Find the number. 96. The sum of the squares of two consecutive naturals is
[Board Term-2 OD 2016] 421. Find the numbers.
Ans : 9, 10 and 11
Let the first natural number be x . The second

consecutive natural will be x + 1.
94. The product of two consecutive positive integers is
306. Find the integers. According to the question we have,
Sol : x2 + ^x + 1h2 = 421

Let x and x + 1 be two consecutive positive integers. x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 = 421
According to question, product of x and (x + 1) is x2 + x - 210 = 0
306. x2 + 15x - 14x - 210 = 0
Thus x (x + 1) = 306
x ^x + 15h - 14 ^x + 15h = 0
x2 + x - 306 = 0
^x + 15h^x - 14h = 0
x2 + 18x - 17x - 306 = 0
x + 15 = 0 or x - 14 = 0
x (x + 18) - 17 (x + 18) = 0
x = - 15 or x = 14
(x + 18) (x - 17) = 0
Rejecting negative value we get x = 14 .
x = 17 and - 18 Therefore first number is 14 and consecutive number
Neglecting negative value we get x = 17 . Thus is 15.
numbers are 17 and 18.
PRACTICE
95. A two digit number is such that product of its digits is
 The sum of squares of two consecutive even
14. If 45 is added to the number, the digits interchange
numbers is 340. Find the numbers.
their places. Find the number.
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Ans : 12 and 14
Let x be the tens digit and y be the ones digit, then
number will 10x + y .
 The sum of squares of two consecutive multiples
Given, xy = 14 ...(1)
of 7 is 637. Find the multiples.
If 45 is added to this number the digits get interchanged [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014]
i.e. new number will be 10y + x Ans : 14 and 21
Hence, 10x + y + 45 = 10y + x
 The sum of the squares of two consecutive odd 11x2 - 110x + 12x - 120 = 0
numbers is 394. Find the numbers.
^11x + 20h^x - 10h = 0 ,
[Board Term-2 Foreign 2012, 2014]
Ans : 13 and 15 We take x = 10 and fraction will be is 10 - 3 = 7 .
10 10
99. The difference of two numbers is 5 and the difference

97. The denominator of a fraction is one more than twice of their reciprocals is 1 . Find the numbers.
its numerator. If the sum of the fraction and its 10
reciprocal is 2 16 Sol : [Board Term-2 2014, Delhi]
21 , find the fraction.
Let the first number be x , then second number will
be x + 5 .
Let numerator be x then fraction will be x
2x + 1 Now according to the question we have
As per the question we have 1- 1 = 1
x + 2x + 1 = 2 16 = 58 x x+5 10
2x + 1 x 21 21 x+5-x = 1
21 8x + ^2x + 1h B = 58 ^2x2 + x h
2 2 x ^x + 5h 10
50 = x2 + 5x
or, 11x2 - 26x - 21 = 0
x2 + 5x - 50 = 0
11x2 - 33x + 7x - 20 = 0
x2 + 10x - 5x - 50 = 0
x = 3, - 7 (rejected)
11 x ^x + 10h - 5 ^x + 10h = 0
We reject x = - 73 , thus x = 3 and fraction will be
^x + 10h^x - 5h = 0
3 = 3.
6+1 7 x = 5, - 10
PRACTICE Rejecting the negative value, numbers are 5 and 10.
 The denominator of a fraction is two more than Let the odd number be 2x + 1, then consecutive odd
its numerator. If the sum of the fraction and its number will be 2x + 1 + 2 = 2x + 3 .
34
reciprocal is 15 , find the fraction. Now, according to question we have
^2x + 1h2 + ^2x + 3h2 = 394
Ans : 3
5 .
4x2 + 4x + 1 + 4x2 + 12x + 9 = 394
8x2 + 16x - 384 = 0
98. The numerator of a fraction is 3 less than its
x2 + 2x - 48 = 0
denominator. If 2 is added to both the numerator and
the denominator, then the sum of the new fraction x2 + 8x - 6x - 48 = 0
and original fraction is 29
20 . Find the original fraction. x ^x + 8h - 6 ^x + 8h = 0
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] x = - 8, 6
Let the denominator be x , then numerator will be
Rejecting the negative value,
x - 3 . So the fraction will be x - 3
x Ist number = 2 # 6 + 1 = 13
By the given condition, new fraction will
and second odd number = 15
x-3+2 = x-1
x+2 x+2 100. In a cricket match, Harbhajan took three wickets less
Now x - 3 + x - 1 = 29 than twice the number of wickets taken by Zahir. The
x x+2 20
Product of the number of wickets taken by these two
20 6^x - 3h^x + 2h + x ^x - 1h@ = 29 ^x2 + 2x h is 20. Represent the above situation in the form of
20 ^x2 - x - 6 + x2 - x h = 29x2 + 58x quadratic equation.
20 ^2x2 - 2x - 6h = 29x2 + 58x Sol : [Board Term-2 2015]
40x2 - 40x - 120 = 29x2 + 58x Let the number of wickets is taken by Zahir be x ,
then number of wickets taken by Harbhajan will be
11x2 - 98x - 120 = 0 2x - 3 .
According to question, we have 102. If the price of a book is reduced by < 5, a person can
by 4 more books for < 600. Find the original price of
x ^2x - 3h = 20
the book.
2x2 - 3x = 20
Thus required quadratic equation, Let x be the original price of the book.
2x2 - 3x - 20 = 0 Number of books bought at original price for < 600,
n1 = 600
101. A train covers a distance of 360 km at a uniform speed. x
Had the speed been 5 km/h more, it would have taken If the price of a book is reduced by < 5, then the new
48 min less for the journey. Find the original speed of price of books is < (x - 5).
the train. Number of book bought at reduced price for < 600 ,
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] n2 = 600
x-5
Let x be the original speed of the train.
According to equation,
Time taken to covers 360 km by original speed x ,
n2 = n1 + 4
t1 = 360
x n2 - n1 =4
Time taken to cover 360 km when the speed is 600 - 600 =4
increased by 5 km/h, x-5 x
x-x+5
t2 = 360 600 < x (x - 5) F =4
x+5
It is given that the time to cover 300 km is reduced by 3000 =4
48 min i.e. 6048 hour. x2 - 5x
Thus t1 - t2 = 48
60 x2 - 5x = 750
360 - 360 x2 - 5x - 750 = 0
= 48
x (x + 5) 60
x2 - 30x + 25x - 750 = 0
360 - 360 =4
x x+5 5 x (x - 30) + 25 (x - 30) = 0 & x = 30, - 25
But price cannot be negative, thus x = 30 .
360 ;x + 5 - x E =4
x (x + 5) 5 Hence, the original price of the book is < 30.
90 ; 5 =1
x (x + 5)E 5 PRACTICE
450 # 5 = x2 + 5x  If the price of a book is reduced by Rs. 5, a person
2
x + 5x - 2250 = 0 can buy 5 more book for Rs. 300. Find the original
2
list price of the book.
x + 50x - 45x - 2250 = 0
[Board Term-2 2012]
x (x + 50) - 45 (x + 50) = 0 Ans : Rs 20
(x + 50) (x - 45) = 0 & x = 45 [x !- 50]
Hence, original speed of the train is 45 km/h.
103. A person on tour has < 4200 for his expenses. If he
PRACTICE extends his tour for 3 days, he has to cut down his
daily expenses by < 70. Find the original duration of
 A train covers a distance of 480 km at a uniform the tour.
speed. If the speed had been 8 km/hr less, then it
would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
distance. Find the original speed of the train. Let x be the original duration of tour in days.
[Board 2020 Delhi Standard] Amount with the person is < 4200.
Ans : 40 km/hr
Daily expenses, R1 = 4200
x
If tour extended for 3 days, total number of days will
be (x + 3).
Now daily expenses, R2 = 4200 x + 2 x + 15 = x

(x + 3) 4
According to question. 3x - 8 x - 60 = 0
R1 - R2 = 70 Let x = y , then we have
4200 - 4200 = 70 3y2 - 8y - 60 = 0
x x+3
3y2 - 18y + 10y - 60 = 0
4200 b 1 - 1 l = 70
x x+3 3y ^y - 6h + 10 ^y - 6h = 0
60 ;x + 3 - x E =1 ^3y + 10h^y - 6h = 0
x (x + 3)
60 ; 3 y = 6 or y = - 10
x (x + 3)E
=1
3
180 = x2 + 3x Here y = - 10 is not possible.
3
x2 + 3x - 180 = 0 Thus y = 6 or y2 = 36 , x = y2 = 36
x2 + 15x - 12x - 180 = 0 Hence the number of camels is 36.
x (x + 15) - 12 (x + 15) = 0
106. In a class test, the sum of Arun’s marks in Hindi and
(x + 15) (x - 12) = 0 English is 30. Had he got 2 marks more in Hindi and 3
Thus x = - 15 and x = 12 marks less in English, the product of the marks would
have been 210. Find his marks in the two subjects.
Since, x cannot be negative, x = 12
Thus, the original duration of the tour is 12 days. Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
Let x be the marks in Hindi y be the marks in

104. The sum of ages (in years) of a son and his father is 35 English.
years and product of their ages is 150 years, find their According to question,
ages.
x + y = 30 ...(1)
Sol : [Board Term-2 2014, 2012]
If he had got 2 marks more in Hindi, then his marks
Let the age of father be x years and age of son be y would be x + 2 and if he had 3 marks less in English,
years then his marks would be y - 3 .
Now x + y = 35 (1) According to question
and xy = 150 (2) ^x + 2h^y - 3h = 210
Substituting the value of y , in (1) we have ^x + 2h^30 - x - 3h = 210 (y = 30 - x )
x ^35 - x h = 150 ^x + 2h^27 - x h = 210
x2 - 35x + 150 = 0 27x - x2 + 54 - 2x = 210
- x2 + 25x - 156 = 0
^x - 30h^x - 5h = 0
x2 - 25x + 156 = 0
x = 30, x = 5 (Rejected)
x2 - 13x - 12x + 156 = 0
Age of father can’t be 5 years, so we reject x = 5 and
take x = 30 . x ^x - 13h - 12 ^x - 13h = 0
Now y =5 ^x - 12h^x - 13h = 0 & x = 12, 13
Hence the age of father is 30 years and the age of son When x = 12 then y = 30 - 12 = 18
is 5 years. When x = 13 then y = 30 - 13 = 17
105. One fourth of a herd of camels was seen in forest. Hence, the marks in Hindi is 12 and marks in English
Twice of square root of the herd had gone to mountain is 18.
and remaining 15 camels were seen on the bank of a In other case the marks in Hindi is 13 and marks in
river, find the total number of camels. English is 17.
PRACTICE
Let the total number of camels be x .
 In a class test Raveena got a total of 30 mark in
According to the condition given we have
English and Mathematics. Had she got 2 more
marks in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English

60
then the product of her marks obtained would Time taken by slow train, t2 =
x - 10
have be 210. Find the individual marks obtained
According to questions, we have
in two subjects.
t2 - t1 =3
600 - 600 d
Ans : 17 and 13
x - 10 x
=3 :t = s D
600 ; x - x + 10
(x - 10) x E
=3
 In a class test, the sum of the marks obtained by
a student in mathematics and science is 28. Had 6000 =3
he got 3 marks more in mathematics and 4 marks x2 - 10x
less in science, the product of the marks would x2 - 10x - 2000 =0
2
have been 180. Find his marks in two subjects. x - 50x + 40x - 2000 = 0
[Board Term-2 2012]
x (x - 50) + 40 (x - 50) = 0
Ans : 12 and 16
(x - 50) (x + 40) = 0 x = 50, - 40
But negative speed can not be possible. Thus, the
 A student scored a total of 32 marks in class tests speed of fast train is 50 km/hr, and the speed of slow
in mathematics ans science. Had he scored 2 train is 50 - 10 = 40 km.
marks less in science and 4 more in mathematics,
the product of his marks would have been 253. PRACTICE
Find his marks in two subjects.  A journey of 192 km from a town A to town B
[Board Term-2 2012] takes 2 hours more by an ordinary passenger train
Ans : 7 and 25, 19 and 13 than a super fast train. If the speed of the faster
train is 16 km/h more, find the speed of the faster
and the passenger train.
107. A shopkeeper buys a number of books for Rs. 1200. If [Board Term-2 2012]
he had bought 10 more books for the same amount, Ans : 32 km/h
each book would have cost him Rs. 20 less. How many
books did he buy?
109. A car covers a distance of 2592 km with a uniform
speed. The number of hours taken for journey is one
Let the number of books bought be x.
half the number representing the speed in km/hour.
As per question we have Find the time taken to cover the distance.
1200 - 1200 = 20
x x + 10 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt 2017]
2
x + 10x - 600 = 0 Let the speed of the car be x km/hr.
^x + 30h^x - 20h = 0 Therefore time taken = x hour

2
, x = - 30 or x = 20 Distance
Now Speed =
Since number of books cannot be negative, x = 20 Time
Thus number of books bought is 20. x = 2592 x
2
2
108. A fast train takes 3 hours less than a slow train for x = 2592 # 2 = 5184
a journey of 60 km. If the speed of the slow train is
x = 5184 = 72
10 km/h less than that of the fast train, find the speed
of each train. Hence the time taken 72 = 36 hours.
2
110. Speed of a boat in still water is 15 km/hour. It goes
Total distance of a journey = 600 km 30 km up stream and returns back at the same point
Let x be the speed of fast train then speed of slow in 4 hours 30 minutes. Find the speed of the stream.
will be (x - 10) .
60
Time taken by fast train, t1 = x Let the speed of the Stream be x km/hr.
Speed of boat up stream = 15 - x hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank.
and speed of boat down stream = 15 + x Find the time in which each tap can separately fill
According to the question we get the tank.
30 + 30 = 4 1
15 - x 15 + x 2 Ans : 24 hours and 16 hours
30 ^15 + x h + 30 ^15 - x h
=9
152 - x2 2
900 # 2 = 9 ^152 - x2h 112. Two taps running together can fill a tank in 3 131
hours. If one tap takes 3 hours more than the other to
9x2 = 2025 - 1800 = 225 fill the tank, then how much time will each tap take
x2 = 25 to fill the tank?
x =! 5 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
Hence, the speed of the stream = 5 km/hr Tow tap running together fill the tank in 3 1 hr.
13
111. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 1 78 hours. = 40 hours
13
The tap with longer diameter takes 2 hours less than
the tap with smaller one to fill the tank separately. Thus it will fill in 1 hour = 13 tank.
40
Find the time in which each tap can fill the tank
If first tap alone fills the tank in x hrs, then second
separately.
tap alone fills it in ^x + 3h hr.
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi] 1 + 1 = 13
Now,
Let t be the time taken by the smaller diameter top. x x+3 40
Time for larger tap diameter will be t - 2 . x + 3 + x = 13
x ^x + 3h 40
Total time taken = 1 7 = 15 h . 80x + 120 = 13x2 + 39x
8 8
Portion filled in one hour by smaller diameter tap will or, 13x2 - 41x - 120 = 0
t and by lager diameter tap will be t - 2
1 1
13x2 - ^65 - 24h x + 120 = 0
According to the problem,
^x - 5h^13x + 24h = 0
1+ 1 = 8
t t-2 15 x = 5 , x = - 24
13
t-2+t = 8
t (t - 2) 15 Here x = - 13
24
is not possible. Hence, 1st tap takes 5
15 ^2t - 2h = 8t ^t - 2h hours and 2nd tap takes = 5 + 3 = 8 hours
30t - 30 = 8t2 - 16t PRACTICE
8t2 - 46t + 30 = 0  Two taps running together can fill a cistern in 2 118
2
4t - 23t + 15 = 0 minutes. If one tap takes 1 minute more than the
2
4t - 20t - 3t + 30 = 0 other to fill the cistern, find the time in which
each tap separately can fill the cistern.
^4t - 3h^t - 5h = 0 & t = 34 or t = 5 [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
If t = 3 then t - 2 = 3 - 2 = -5 Ans : 5 minute and 6 minute

4 4 4
Since, time cannot be negative, we neglect t = 3
4  Two pipes running together can fill a tank in 11 19
Therefore, t =5
minutes. If one pipe takes 5 minutes more than
and t-2 = 5-2 = 3 the other to fill the tank, find the time in which
Hence, time taken by larger tap is 3 hours and time each pipe would fill the tank separately.
taken by smaller is 5 hours. [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
Ans : 20 minute and 25 minute
PRACTICE
 Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 hours

36 minutes. The tap of larger diameter takes 8 113. Ram takes 6 days less than Bhagat to finish a place
of work. If both of them together can finish the work Duration with reduced speed x - 200 ,
in 4 days, in how many days Bhagat alone can finish
t1 = 600
the work ? x - 200
1
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017, OD 2017] Flight time increased by 30 minute i.e 2 hour with
reduced speed, thus
Ram and Bhagat together do the work in 4 days
1
Ram and Bhagat will do in one days = 1 work t1 - t = 2
4
600 - 600 =1
Let Bhagat alone does the same work in x days.
x - 200 x 2 ^t = ds h
Ram will take = ^x - 6h days
600 : 1 -1 1
x - 200 x D
1+ 1 =
Now =1 2
x x-6 4 x - x + 200 1
x-6+x 1 =
= x (x - 200) 2 # 600
x ^x - 6h 4 200 = 1
8x - 24 = x2 - 6x x2 - 200x 1200
x2 - 14x + 24 = 0 x2 - 200x = 240000
x2 - ^12 + 2h x + 24 = 0 x2 - 200x - 240000 = 0
x2 - 12x - 2x + 24 = 0 x2 - 600x + 400x - 240000 = 0
x ^x - 12h - 2 ^x - 12h = 0 x (x - 600) + 400 (x - 600) = 0
^x - 12h^x - 12h = 0 (x - 600) (x + 400) = 0 & x = 400, 600

x = 12, x = 2 Since, speed cannot be negative, therefore original
If Bhagat complete the work in 2 days, Ram will take speed is 600 km/hr.
= 2 - 6 = - 4 days that is impossible. Hence, Bhagat Original distance d = 600 km
can finish in 12 days.
Time t = 600 km = 1 hr
600 km/hr
PRACTICE
Hence, the original duration of flight is 1 hr.
 A and B working together can do a work in 6
days. If A takes 5 days less than B to finish the 115. A plane left 30 minutes late than its scheduled time
work, in how many days B alone can do it alone? and in order to reach destination 1500 km away in
time, it had to increase its speed by 100 km/h from
Ans : 15 days the usual speed. Find its usual speed.
Sol : [Board 2018]
Let x be the usual speed of plane.

 A takes 6 days less than the time taken by B to
Time taken to cover 1500 km with speed x ,
finish a piece of work. If both A and B together
can finish it in 4 days, find the time taken by B to t1 = Dis tan ce = 1500 hr
Speed x
finish the work.
Time taken to cover 1500 km with increased speed,
[Board Term-2 2012]
Ans : 12 days t2 = 1500 hr
x + 100
Now we have,
114. In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed down due t1 - t2 = 30 Minutes = 1 hr
2
to bad weather. The average speed of the trip was
reduced by 200 km/hr and the time of flight increased Substituting values of of t1 and t2 in above we obtain
by 30 minutes. Find the duration of flight. 1500 - 1500 = 1
x x + 100 2
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi, OD STD]
1- 1 = 1 = 1
Let x be the original speed of flight. x x + 100 2 # 1500 3000
Flight distance d = 600 km x + 100 - x = 1
x (x + 100) 3000
Original duration, t = 600 (t = ds ) 100
x = 1
x2 + 100x 3000
x2 + 100x = 300000 x ^x - 36h + 3 ^x - 36h = 0

2
x + 100x - 300000 = 0 ^x - 36h^x + 3h = 0
2
x + 600x - 500x - 300000 = 0 x = - 3, 36
x (x + 600) - 500 (x + 600) = 0 Negative value is rejected, thus first speed of train is
36 km/h.
(x + 600) (x - 500) = 0
Thus x = - 600, 500 PRACTICE
Speed can not be negative. So we consider only  A truck covers a distance of 150 km at a certain
positive value x = 500 km/hr average speed and then covers another 200 km at
average speed which is 20 km per hour more than
116. The time taken by a person to cover 150 km was 2 12 the first speed. If the truck covers the total
hours more than the time taken in the return journey. distance in 5 hours, find the first speed of the
If he returned at a speed of 10 km/hour more than truck.
the speed while going, find the speed per hour in each
direction.
Ans : 60 km/h
Let the speed while going be x km/h.

 A train travels at a certain average speed for a
Speed while returning = ^x + 10h km/h.
distance of 63 km and then travels at a distance
According to question we have
of 72 km at an average speed of 6 km/hr more
150 - 150 = 5 than its original speed. If it takes 3 hours to
x x + 10 2
complete the total journey, what is the original
150 (x + 10) - 150x
=5 average speed?
x (x + 10) 2
[Board 2018]
1500 =5
2 Ans : 42 km/h
x (x + 10)
2
x + 10x - 600 = 0
^x + 30h^x - 20h = 0 118. A train travelling at a uniform speed for 360 km have
Rejecting negative value we get x = 20 taken 48 minutes less to travel the same distance if its
speed were 5 km/hour more. Find the original speed
Speed while going is 20 km/h and speed while
of the train.
returning will be = 20 + 10 = 30 km/h
117. A train travels at a certain average speed for a distance Let the original speed of the train be x km/hr.
of 54 km and then travels a distance of 63 km at an
average speed of 6 km/h more than the first speed. If Time taken = Distance = 360 hours
Speed x
it takes 3 hours to complete the total journey, what is
Time taken at increased speed = 360 hours.
its first speed ? x+5
According to the question
Let the speed of the train be x km/hr for first 54 km. 360 - 360 = 48
x x+5 60
and for next 63 km, speed be ^x + 6h km/hr.
1
360 : - 1 =4
According to the question we have x x + 5D 5
54 + 63 = 3 1800 = 4
x x+6 x2 + 5x 5
54 ^x + 6h + 63x
=3 x2 + 5x - 2250 = 0
x ^x + 6h
54x + 324 + 63x = 3x ^x + 6h x2 + ^50 - 45h x - 2250 = 0
117x + 324 = 3x2 + 18x x2 - 50x - 45x - 2250 = 0
3x2 - 99x - 324 = 0 ^x + 50h^x - 45h = 0

x2 - 33x - 108 = 0 x = - 50 or x = 45
As speed can’t be negative, original speed of train is
x2 - 36x + 3x - 108 = 0
45 km/hr.
PRACTICE  A motor boat whose speed is 24 km/h in still

 A train takes 2 hours less for a journey of 300 km water takes 1 hour more to go 32 km upstream
if its speed is increased by 5 km/hr from its usual than to return downstream to the same spot.
speed. Find the usual speed of the train. Find the speed of the stream.
[Board Term-2 2012] [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
Ans : 25 km/h Ans : 8 km/h
119. A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/hr in still water 120. The total cost of a certain length of a piece of cloth is
takes 1 hr more to go 24 km upstream than to return <200. If the piece was 5 m longer and each metre of
downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the cloth costs <2 less, the cost of the piece would have
stream. remained unchanged. How long is the piece and what
Sol : [Board 2018] is its original rate per metre?
Let x be the speed of stream. Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
Speed of motor boat in still water = 18 km/hr Let x be the length of the cloth and y be the cost of
The speed of the boat upstream = (18 - x) km/hr cloth per meter.
and speed of the boat downstream = (18 + x) km/hr Now x # y = 200
Time taken to cover 24 km in up stream y = 200 ...(1)
x
t1 = Dis tan ce = 24 hr According to given conditions,
Speed 18 - x
1. If the piece were 5 m longer
Time taken to cover 24 km in upstream,
2. Each meter of cloth costed < 2 less
t2 = 24 hr i.e., (x + 5) (y - 2) = 200
18 + x
As given in the question, xy - 2x + 5y - 10 = 200
t1 - t2 = 1 hr xy - 2x + 5y = 210
24 - 24 = 1 xb 200 - 2x + 5 b 200 l
x l
= 210
18 - x 18 + x x
1000
24 : 1 - 1 D = 1 200 - 2x +
x
= 210
18 - x 18 + x
1000 - 2x
24 ; 18 + x - 18 + x E = 1 x
= 10
(18 - x) (18 + x)
24 # 2x = 1 1000 - 2x2 = 10x
324 - x2 2
x + 25x - 20x - 500 = 0
2
48x = 324 - x x (x + 25) - 20 (x + 25) = 0
2
x + 48x - 324 = 0 (x + 25) (x - 20) = 0
2
x + 54x - 6x - 324 = 0 x = - 25 , 20
x (x + 54) - 6 (x + 54) = 0 Neglecting x = - 25 we get x = 20 .
(x + 54) (x - 6) = 0 & x = 6, - 54 Now from equation (1), we have
Thus speed of the stream is 6 km/hr.
y = 200 = 200 = 10
x 20
PRACTICE Hence, length of the piece of cloths is 20 m and rate
 A motorboat whose speed in still water is 18 per meter is < 10.
km/h, takes 1 hour more to go 24 km upstream
than to return downstream to the same spot. 121. The product of Tanay’s age (in years) five years ago
Find the speed of the stream. and his age ten years later is 16. Determine Tanay’s
present age.
Ans : 6 km/h Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
Let the present age of Tanay’s be x years.

According to question we have radius of the smaller circle.

^x - 5h^x + 10h = 16 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
x2 + 5x - 50 = 16 We have r2 - r1 = 7 cm, r2 2 r1 (1)

p ^r 22 - r 12h = 1078 cm2
2
x + 5x - 66 = 0 and
2
x + 11x - 6x - 66 = 0 p ^r2 - r1h^r2 + r1h = 1078
x ^x + 11h - 6 ^x + 11h = 0 22 7 r + r = 1078
^x + 11h^x - 6h = 0 & 7 # ^ 2 1h
x = - 11, 6 . r2 + r1 = 1078 = 49 (2)
22
As age cannot be negative, we reject x = - 11. Thus Adding (1) and (2) we get
present age of Tanay is 6 years.
2r2 = 56
122. A pole has to erected at a point on the boundary of r2 = 28 cm
a circular park of diameter 17 m in such a way that
the differences of its distances from two diametrically and r1 = 49 - 28 = 21
opposite fixed gates A and B on the boundary is 7 Hence radii of two circles are 28 cm and 21 cm.
meters. Find the distances from the two gates where
the pole is to be erected. 124. The length of the sides forming right angle of a right
triangle are 5x cm and ^3x - 1h cm. If the area of the
triangle is 60 cm2, find its hypotenuse.
As per question the figure is shown below.
According to the question we have drawn figure below.
Let p be the location of the pole such that its distance

from gate B is x .
Thus AP = x + 7
Here AB = 17 m is diameter and +APB = 90c
Now Area of triangle = 1 # base # height
x + ^x + 7h = ^17h
2 2 2 2
2 2
1
60 = # 5x # ^3x - 1h
x + x + 14x + 49 = 289 2
2
x + x2 + 14x - 240 = 0
2 15x - 5x = 120
x2 + 7x - 120 = 0 3x2 - x - 24 = 0
3x2 - 9x + 8x - 24 = 0
x = - 7 ! 49 + 480
2 3x ^x - 3h + 8 ^x - 3h = 0
- 7 23
^x - 3h^3x + 8h = 0
= ! = 8, - 15
2
Thus x = 8 m and x + 7 = 15 m. x = 3, x = - 8
3
Hence distance between two gates are 8 m and 15 m. Length can’t be negative, so x = 3
Now AB = 5 # 3 = 15 cm, BC = 3x - 1 = 9 - 1 = 8
123. The difference between the radii of the smaller circle
and the larger circle is 7 cm and the difference between cm
their areas of the two circles is 1078 sq. cm. Find the Now AC = 152 + 82
= 225 + 64 ^x - 16h^x - 25h = 0

= 289 = 17 cm. x = 16 or x = 25
If length is 16 m, then breadth will be 25 m.
Hence hypotenuse is 17 cm.
If length is 25 m, then breadth will be 16 m.
125. The length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle
127. The perimeter of a right triangle is 60 cm. Its
exceeds the length of its base by 2 cm and exceeds
hypotenuse is 25 cm. Find the area of the triangle.
twice the length of altitude by 1 cm. Find the length
of each side of the triangle. Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]

As per question statement figure is given below.
Let altitude of triangle be x , then according to
question we have
Hypotenuse of triangle = 2x + 1
and base of triangle = 2x - 1
Here a + b + c = 60, c = 25
a + b = 60 - c = 60 - 25 = 35
Using Pythagoras theorem
a2 + b2 = 252 = 625
Substituting the values in â + b h2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab ,
Using Pythagoras theorem, 352 = 625 + 2ab
^2x + 1h2 = x + ^2x - 1h2 1225 - 625 = 2ab

2
4x2 + 1 + 4x = x2 + 4x2 + 1 - 4x or, ab = 300

x2 - 8x = 0 Hence, Area of TABC , 1 ab = 150 cm2 .
2
x ^x - 8h = 0
128. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 16 metre more
Rejecting x = 0, we get x = 8 . than the shorter side. If the longer side is 14 metre
Thus altitude of triangle is 8 cm more than shorter side, then find the length of the of
Hypotenuse of triangle is 2 # 8 + 1 = 17 cm the field.
and base of triangle is 2 # 8 - 1 = 15 cm Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
Let the length of shorter side be x .

126. The perimeter of a rectangular field is 82 m and its
area is 400 square metre. Find the length and breadth Length of diagonal = ^x + 16h m
of the rectangle. and, Length of longer side = ^x + 14h m
We have Perimeter = 2 ^l + b h = 82 m
or, l + b = 41 m
Let length be x m, then breadth = ^41 - x h m.
Area = l # b = 400 m2
x ^41 - x h = 400
41x - x2 = 400 Now as per question we have
2
x - 41x + 400 = 0 x2 + ^x + 14h2 = ^x + 16h2
x2 + x2 + 28x + 196 = x2 + 32x + 256

x2 - 4x - 60 = 0
x2 + 6x - 10x - 60 = 0
x ^x + 6h - 10 ^x + 6h = 0
x = - 6, x = 10
Let width of grass strip be x .
As length can’t be negative x = 10 m. Therefore
length of sides are 10 m and 24 m. Length of pond = ^50 - 2x h m.
and breadth of pond = ^40 - 2x h m.
129. P and Q are centres of circles of radii 9 cm and 2 cm
respectively. PQ = 17 cm. R is the centre of the circle and area of park – area of pond = area of grass strip
of radius x cm which touch given circles externally. ^50 # 40h - ^50 - 2x h^40 - 2x h = 1184
Given that angle PRQ is 90c. Write an equation in
2000 - 2000 + 180x - 4x2 = 1184
x and solve it.
x2 - 45x + 296 = 0
As per question statement figure is given below. x2 - 37x - 8x + 296 = 0
x ^x - 37h - 8 ^x - 37h = 0
x = 8, 37
Here 37 is not possible, thus x = 8
Length of pond = 50 - 2 # 8
= 34 m
and breadth of pond = 40 - 2 # 8 = 24 m.
131. Maximum Profit : An automobile manufacturer can

produce up to 300 cars per day. The profit made
In right TPQR , from the sale of these vehicles can be modelled by
PQ2 = PR2 + RQ2 the function P (x) = - x2 + 350x - 6600 where P (x)
is the profit in thousand Rupees and x is the number
172 = ^x + 9h2 + ^x + 2h2
of automobiles made and sold. Answer the following
289 = x2 + 18x + 81 + x2 + 4x + 4 questions based on this model:
289 = 2x2 + 22x + 85 (i) When no cars are produce what is a profit/loss?
(ii) What is the break even point ? (Zero profit point
0 = 2x2 + 22x + 85 - 289
is called break even) ?
0 = 2x2 + 22x - 204 (iii) What is the profit/loss if 175 cars are produced ?
x2 + 11x - 102 = 0 (iv) What is the profit if 400 cars are produced ?
x2 + 17x - 6x - 102 = 0
x ^x + 17h - 6 ^x + 17h = 0
^x - 6h^x + 17h = 0
x = 6 or x = - 17
As x can’t be negative, x = 6 .
130. In a rectangular part of dimension 50 m # 40 m a

rectangular pond is constructed so that the area of grass
strip of uniform breadth surrounding the pond would be
1184 m2. Find the length and breadth of the pond. Sol :
(i) When no cars are produced, x = 0 Shalvi is a member of first rocket club of India named
P (0) = 0 + 0 - 6600 STAR Club. She launches her latest rocket from a
large field. At the moment its fuel is exhausted, the
= - 6600 rocket has a velocity of 240 ft/sec and an altitude of
Thus when no cars are produced, there is loss of Rs 544 ft. After t sec, its height h (t) above the ground
6600 Thousand. is given by the function h (t) = - 16t2 + 240t + 544 .
(ii) At break-even point P (x) = 0 , thus (i) How high is the rocket 5 sec after the fuel is
0 = - x2 + 350x - 6600 exhausted?
(ii) How high is the rocket 10 sec after the fuel is
x2 + 350x + 6600 = 0
exhausted?
x2 - 330x - 20x + 6600 = 0 (iii) How could the rocket be at the same height at
x (x - 330) - 20 (x + 330) = 0 t = 5 and at t = 10 ?
(x - 330) (x - 20) = 0 (iv) What is the maximum height attained by the
rocket?
x = 20 , 330
(v) How many seconds was the rocket airborne after
Thus break even occur if 20 or 330 cars are produced.
its fuel was exhausted?
(iii) When 175 cars are produce,
Sol :
P (175) = - (175) 2 + 350 (175) - 6600
We have h (t) = - 16t 2 + 240t + 544
= 24025
(i) 5 sec after the fuel is exhausted,
There is profit of Rs 24025 thousand if 175 car are
produced. . h (5) = - 16 (5)2 + 240 (5) + 544
(iv) When 400 cars are produce, = 1344 feet
2
P (400) = - (400) + 350 (400) - 6600 (ii) 10 sec after the fuel is exhausted,
= - 26600 h (10) = - 16 (10)2 + 240 (10) + 544
There is loss of Rs 26600 thousand if 400 cars are = 1344 feet
produced. (iii) The particle is at initial position at t = 0 . After
11 second it is again at ground because it is
132. Model Rocketry : A model rocket is a small rocket
coming back down.
designed to reach low altitudes and be recovered by a
variety of means. Flying model rockets is a relatively (iv) h (t) = - 16t 2 + 240t + 544
safe and inexpensive way for person to learn the basics = - 16 (t 2 - 15t) + 544
of forces and the response of a vehicle to external
= - 16 (t 2 - 15t + 7.52 - 7.52) + 544
forces. Like an airplane, a model rocket is subjected to
the forces of weight, thrust, and aerodynamics during = - 16 (t - 7.5) 2 + 16 # 7.52 + 544
its flight.
= - 16 (t - 7.5) 2 + 900 + 544
= - 16 (t - 7.5) 2 + 1444
From above equation it is clear that h (t) is maximum
at t = 7.5 second and this maximum value is 1444
feet.
(v) For airbonre time, h will be zero.
0 = - 16t 2 + 240t + 544
0 = t 2 - 15t - 34
0 = (t - 17) (t + 2)
t = 17 sec
133. Maximum Profit : A kitchen utensils manufacturer

can produce up to 200 utensils per day. The profit
made from the sale of these utensils can be modelled
by the function P (x) = - 0.5x + 175x - 330 , where From above equation it is clear that P (x) is maximum
P (x) is the profit in Rupees, and x is the number of at x = 175 and this maximum value is 12012.5.
utensils made and sold. Based on this model, (iv) The maximum profit is Rs 12012.5.
(i) Find the y -intercept and explain what it means
in this context. 134. Height of a Projectile : A projectile is thrown upward
with an initial velocity of 176 ft/sec. After t sec, its
(ii) Find the x -intercepts and explain what they
height h (t) above the ground is given by the function
mean in this context.
h (t) = - 16t2 + 176t .
(iii) How many utensils should be sold to maximize
(i) What is the projectile’s height above the ground
profit?
after 2 sec.
(iv) What is the maximum profit?
(ii) How many seconds after it is thrown will the
projectile strike the ground?
(iii) What is the meaning of two value of t in (ii) ?
Sol :
We have P (x) = - 0.5x 2 + 175x - 3300
(i) If no utensils are sold, x = 0
P (0) = - 0.5x 2 + 175x - 3300
Sol :
= - 3300
(i) At t = 2 sec we have
If no utensils are sold, the loss will be Rs 3300. Here
y-intercept (0, - 3300) is loss because at x = 0 P (0) h (2) = - 16 # 22 + 176 # 2
is plotted on y axis. = 288 feet
(ii) If there is no profit, i.e. P (x) = 0 (ii) At ground, h (t) = 0 , then
2
- 0.5x + 175x - 3300 = 0
0 = - 16t2 + 176t
2
- 0.5 (x - 350x + 6600) = 0
0 = - 16t (t - 11)
- 0.5 (x - 20) (x - 330) = 0
t = 0 , 11 sec
x = 20, 330 ; x = 330
Thus (20, 0) and (330, 0). If less than 20 or more 135. Fencing a Backyard : Tina and Shriya have just
than 330 utensils are made sold, there will be no purchased a purebred German Shepherd, and need to
profit. Thus x intercept is break even point because fence in their backyard so the dog can run.
P (x) = 0 it is plotted on x . (i) What is the maximum rectangular area they can
(iii) For maximum profit, enclose with 200 ft of fencing, if they use fencing
P (x) = - 0.5x 2 + 175x - 3300 material along all four sides? What are the
dimensions of the rectangle?
= - 0.5 (x 2 - 350x) - 3300
(ii) What is the maximum area if they use the house
= - 0.5 (x 2 - 350x + 1752 - 1752) - 3300 as one of the sides? What are the dimensions of
= - 0.5 [(x - 175) 2 - 30625] - 3300 this rectangle?
= - 0.5 (x - 175) 2 + 15312.5 - 3300

or P (x) = - 0.5 (x - 175) 2 + 12012.5
pens?
Sol :
(i) Let x represent the width, then length
L = 384 - 4x = 192 - 2x
Sol : 2
(i) Let x represent the width, then 100 - x represent Now area, A (x) = LW
the length. = x (192 - 2x)
Now area, A (x) = x (100 - x)
= 192x - 2x 2
2
= 100x - x
= - 2 (x 2 - 96x)
2 2 2
= - x + 100x - 50 + 50
= - 2 (x 2 - 96x + 482 - 482)
2 2
= - (x - 100x + 50 ) + 2500
= - 2 (x 2 - 96x + 482) + 2 # 482
2
= - (x - 50) + 2500
= - 2 (x - 48) 2 + 4608
From above equation it is clear that A (x) is maximum
at x = 50 and this maximum value is 2500.
Length = 100 - x = 100 - 50 = 50
Length = (192 - 2x)
Thus dimensions is 50 ft # 50 ft .
= (192 - 2 # 48) = 96
(ii) Let x represent the width if they use the house as
(i) The dimension of larger outer rectangle is 48 ft by
one of the sides. In this cases length will be 200 - 2x .
96 ft.
Now are A (x) = x (200 - 2x) (ii)The one dimension of smaller holding pan is 48
= 200x - 2x 2 feet. Other dimension is 963 = 32 feet.
= - 2 (x2 - 100x) 137. Changing Area : Advik’s flower bed is rectangular
2
= - 2 (x - 100x + 50 - 50 ) 2 2 in shape with a length of 14 meter and a width of
4 meter. He wants to increase the length and width
= - 2 (x2 - 100x + 502 - 2500) by the same amount to obtain a flower bed with an
= - 2 (x2 - 100x + 502) + 5000 area of 200 square meter. What should the amount of
increase be?
= - 2 (x - 50) + 5000
136. Building Sheep Pens : Darsh and Darpan are fencing

off a large rectangular area to build some temporary
holding pens. To prep the males, females, and kids,
they are separated into three smaller and equal-size
pens partitioned within the large rectangle.
(i) If 384 ft of fencing is available and the maximum
area is desired, what will be the dimensions of the
larger, outer rectangle?
(ii) What will be the dimensions of the smaller holding Sol :
Let x be the amount of increase. The length and 48 - 1 = 60

width of the new flower bed are x + 14 meter and x-4 x
x + 4 meter as shown in figure. Because the area is to 48 - x + 4 = 60
be 200 m2, we have x-4 x
(x + 14) (x + 4) = 200 52 - x = 60
x-4 x
x 2 + 18x + 56 = 200 52x - x 2 = 60x - 240
x 2 + 18x - 144 = 0 - x 2 - 8x + 240 = 0
- 18 ! 182 - 4 (1) (- 144) x 2 + 8x - 240 = 0
x =
2 (1)
- 8 ! 64 - 4 (1) (- 240)
x =
= - 18 ! 324 + 576 2 (1)
2
= - 8 ! 1024 = - 8 ! 32
= - 18 ! 900 = - 18 ! 30 2 2
2 2
= - 9 ! 15 = 6, - 24 = - 4 ! 16 = 12, - 20
We disregard negative number, thus his speed before
Because the value of x must be positive, the exact
lunch was 12 kmh and after lunch was 4 kmph slower
increase is 6 feet.
i.e. 8 kmh.
138. Cycling : It is a healthy, low-impact exercise that can
139. Extreme Hardship : Chaitanya starts to walk 4 km
be enjoyed by people of all ages, from young children
to school at 7:30 AM. with a temperature of 0°F.
to older adults. It is also fun, cheap and good for the
Her brother Ekansh starts at 8:15 AM. on his bicycle,
environment. Cycling increases stamina, strength and
traveling 12 kmph faster than Chaitanya. If they get
aerobic fitness. Unlike some other sports, cycling does
to school at the same time, then how fast is each one
not require high levels of physical skill. Most people
traveling?
know how to ride a bike and, once you learn, you
don’t forget.
Sol :
Let x represent Chaitanya’s speed and x + 12
represent Ekansh’s speed. Chaitanya’s time is x4 hours
and Ekansh’s time is x +412 hours.
Since Chaitanya’s time is 34 hour longer than
Ekansh’s, we can write the following equation.
4 = 4 +3
Sanya was traveling across the desert on her bicycle. x x + 12 4
Before lunch she travelled 60 km; after lunch she 4 = 16 + 3x + 36
travelled 48 km. She put in 1 hour more after lunch x 4 (x + 12)
than before lunch, but her speed was 4 kmph slower 4 = 52 + 3x
x 4 (x + 12)
than before. What was her speed before lunch and
16x + 192 = 52x + 3x 2
after lunch?
- 3x 2 - 36x + 192 = 0
Sol :
Let x represent her speed before lunch and x - 4 her x 2 + 12x - 64 = 0
speed after lunch. Since T = DR , her time before lunch x 2 + 16x - 4x - 64 = 0
was 60x and her time after lunch was x 48
-4 .
(x + 16) (x - 4) = 0 & x = 4, - 16
Since he put in one hour more after lunch, we can
write the following equation. We disregard negative number, thus Chaitanya’s
speed was 4 kmh and Ekansh’s speed was 16 kmh.
140. Open-top Box : Jihan is going to make an open-top Sol :

box by cutting equal squares from the four corners of Here 2L + W = 60 , W = 60 - 2L .
an 20 cm by 30 cm sheet of cardboard and folding up Since the area is 352 square metres,
the sides. If the area of the base of box is to be 336 LW = 352
square cm, then what size square should be cut from
each corner? L (60 - 2L) = 352
- 2L2 + 60L - 352 = 0
L2 - 30L + 176 = 0
(L - 22) (L - 8) = 0 & L = 22 or L = 8
W = 60 - 2L = 16 or W = 60 - 2L = 44
Since L is greater than W , L = 22 metre and W
= 16 metre
Sol : 142. Reyansh used 70 meters of fencing to enclose a

Let x represent the length of the side of the square. rectangular region. To be sure that the region was a
After squares are cut from each of the corners, the rectangle, he measured the diagonals and found that
dimensions of the base will be 30 - 2x and 20 - 2x they were 25 meters each. (If the opposite sides of a
. Since the base is 336 square cm, we can write the quadrilateral are equal and the diagonals are equal,
following equation. then the quadrilateral is a rectangle.) What are the
length and width of the rectangle?
(30 - 2x) (20 - 2x) = 336
600 - 60x - 40x + 4x 2 = 336
4x 2 - 100x + 264 = 0
x 2 - 25x + 66 = 0
x 2 - 22x - 3x + 66 = 0
(x - 3) (x - 22) = 0 & x = 3, 22
Since x = 22 is too large, the value of x is 3 cm.
141. Swimming Pool Design : Nihal has designed a motel

pool within a rectangular area that is fenced on three
sides as shown in the figure. If he uses 60 metres of
fencing to enclose an area of 352 square metres, then
what are the dimensions marked L and W in the
figure? Assume L is greater than W . Sol :
The perimeter of a rectangle is twice the length plus
twice the width, P = 2L + 2W . Because the perimeter
is 70 meters, the sum of one length and one width is
35 meters i.e. W + L = 35 . If we let x represent the
width, then 35 - x is the length. Now we use the
Pythagorean theorem to get a relationship among the
length, width, and diagonal.
x 2 + (35 - x)2 = 252
x 2 + 1225 - 70x + x 2 = 625
2x 2 - 70x + 600 = 0
x 2 - 35x + 300 = 0
(x - 20) (x - 15) = 0 & x = 20 or x = 15
Now length 35 - 15 = 20 or 35 - 20 = 15 m.
Solving the equation gives two possible rectangles: a
20 by 15 rectangle or a 15 by 20 rectangle. However,

those are identical rectangles. The rectangle is 15
meters by 20 meters.
143. Supreme Court : The “Conference handshake” has

been a tradition since the late 19th century. When the
Justices of the Supreme Court assemble to go on the
Bench each day, each Justice shakes hands with each
of the other Justices for a total of 36 handshakes. The
total number of handshakes h possible for n people is
given by h = 12 (n2 - n) .
(i) Write an equation which represent above situation
(ii) Solve above equation to determine the number of
Justices on the Supreme Court.
Sol :
Let x represent the number of Rs 5 fare increases.
Then 50 + 5x is the price per passenger and
400 - 10x is the number of passengers.
The income is the number of passengers multiplied by
the price per ticket. Let I (x) represent income as a
function of x .
Now I (x) = (400 - 10x) (50 + 5x)
= 10 (40 - x) (5) (10 + x)
= 50 (40 - x) (10 + x)
= 50 (400 + 40x - 10x - x2)
= 50 (400 + 30x - x2)
Sol : = - 50 (x2 - 30x - 400)
(i) Since, h = 32 we have
= - 50 (x2 - 30x + 152 - 152 - 400)
1
36 = 2 (n2 - n)
= - 50 (x2 - 30x + 152 - 625)
72 = n - n
2
= - 50 (x2 - 30x + 152) + 50 # 625
n2 - n - 72 = 0 = - 50 (x - 15) 2 + 31250
Thus n - n - 72 = 0 represent the given situation.
2
From above equation it is clear that I (x) is maximum
(ii) n2 - 9n + 8n - 72 = 0 at x = 15 and this maximum value is 31250. This
n (n - 9) + 8 (n - 9) = 0 means the company should make 15 fare increases of
Rs 5 to maximize its income. Thus, the ticket price
(n - 9) (n + 8) = 0 & n = 9, - 8 should be 50 + 5 # 15 = 125 Rs.
There are 9 Justices on the Supreme Court.
145. Drama Ticket : Last year, 300 people attended the
144. A tour bus in Jaipur serves 400 customers a day. The Ravindra Manch Drama Club’s winter play. The
charge is Rs 50 per person. The owner of the bus ticket price was Rs 70. The advisor estimates that 20
service estimates that the company would lose 10 fewer people would attend for each Rs 10 increase in
passengers a day for each Rs 5 fare increase. ticket price.
(i) How much should the fare be in order to maximize (i) What ticket price would give the most income for
the income for the company? the Drama Club?
(ii) What is the maximum income the company can (ii) If the Drama Club raised its tickets to this price,
expect to make? how much income should it expect to bring in?
Sol :
Sol : We have P (n) = 8n2 - 112n + 570
Let x represent the number of Rs 10 fare increases. For 1999, n = 0
Then 70 + 10x is the price per passenger and
300 - 20x is the number of passengers. Thus P (0) = 0 - 0 + 570 = 570
The income is the number of passengers multiplied by Now P (n) = 8n2 - 112n + 570
the price per ticket. Let I (x) represent income as a = 8 (n2 - 14n) + 570
function of x .
= 8 (n2 - 14n + 49 - 49) + 570
Now I (x) = (300 - 20x) (70 + 10x)
= 8 (n2 - 14n + 49) - 8 # 49 + 570
= 20 (15 - x) (10) (7 + x)
= 8 (n - 7) 2 - 392 + 570
= 200 (105 + 8x - x2)
= 8 (n - 7) 2 + 178
= - 200 (x2 - 8x - 105)
From above equation it is clear that P (n) is minimum
= - 200 (x2 - 8x + 16 - 16 - 105)
at n = 7 and this minimum value is 178.
= - 200 (x2 - 8x + 16 - 121) (i) In 1999, there were 570 deer.
= - 200 (x - 8x + 16) + 24200
2 (ii) The deer population was minimum in
1999 + 7 = 2006 .
= - 200 (x - 4) 2 + 24200
(iii) Minimum population was 178.
From above equation it is clear that I (x) is maximum
(iv) Above equation wont be zero for any value of
at x = 4 and this maximum value is 24200. This
n . Thus the deer population will never reach zero,
means the company should make 4 fare increases of
according to this model.
Rs 10 to maximize its income. Thus, the ticket price
should be 70 + 4 # 10 = 110 . 147. A piece of wire is 120 cm long. The wire is cut into
two pieces and then each piece is bent into a square.
146. A biologist predicts that the deer population, P (n)
Find the length of each piece if the sum of the areas
, in a certain national park can be modelled by
of these squares is to be 500 square cm.
P (n) = 8n2 - 112n + 570 , where n is the number of
years since 1999.
(i) According to this model, how many deer were in
the park in 1999?
(ii) In which year was the deer population a minimum?
(iii) How many deer were in the park when their
population was a minimum?
(iv) Will the deer population ever reach zero, according
to this model?
Sol :
2 2 Sol :
We have x
e o +e
120 - x o = 500
4 4 Let x be the distance of main warehouse form
2
x + (120 - x) 2 warehouse A.
= 500 Distance travelled from main warehouse to warehouse
16 16
x 2 + (120 - x) 2 = 8000 B via warehouse A is known and can be computed
from odometer readings. That is = 652937 - 652846
x 2 + 14400 + x 2 - 240x = 8000
= 91 km .
2x 2 - 240x + 6400 = 0 Now, distance between warehouse A and warehouse
x 2 - 120x + 3200 = 0 B is (91 - x). Again distance between warehouse B
x 2 - 80x - 40x + 3200 = 0 and main warehouse is 653002 - 652937 = 65 km .
Now, we make the digram of situation as given below.
x (x - 80) - 40 (x - 80) = 0
(x - 40) (x - 80) = 0
x = 40, 80
When x = 40 cm, length of other piece 120 - 40 = 80
cm. When x = 80 cm, length of other piece
120 - 80 = 40 cm. Thus both values of x gives same
set of length of wire.
148. TRANSPORTATION : Amazon delivery truck leaves

main Delhi Amazon warehouse and travels south to
warehouse A. From warehouse A the truck travels
west to warehouse B and then returns directly to the Applying Pythagoras theorem we have
main Delhi warehouse (It makes right triangle.). x 2 + (91 - x)2 = 652
x 2 + 8281 + x 2 - 182x = 4225
2x 2 - 182x + 4056 = 0
x 2 - 91x + 2028 = 0
x 2 - 52x - 39x + 2028 = 0
x (x - 52) - 39 (x - 52) = 0
(x - 52) (x - 39) = 0
x = 52, 39
If warehouse A is at 52 km from main warehouse,
then, distance between warehouse A and warehouse
The driver recorded the truck’s odometer reading at B is 91 - 52 = 39 km.
the warehouse at both the beginning and the end of If warehouse A is at 39 km from main warehouse,
the trip and also at warehouse B, but forgot to record then, distance between warehouse A and warehouse
it at warehouse A (odometer reading given). B is 91 - 39 = 52 km.
Since it was farther from the main Delhi warehouse
to warehouse A than it was from warehouse A to
warehouse B, 52 km is correct answer.
149. Braking Distance : The distance that a car travels

between the time the driver makes the decision to hit
the brakes and the time the car actually stops is called
The driver does recall that it was farther from the the braking distance. For a certain car traveling v ,
main Delhi warehouse to warehouse A than it was the braking distance d is given by d = v + 201 v2 .
from warehouse A to warehouse B. Because delivery (i) Find the braking distance when v is 50 km/h.
charges are based on distance from the warehouse, the (ii) If a driver decides to brake 120 metre from a stop
driver needs to know how far warehouse A is from the sign, how fast can the car be going and still stop
main Delhi warehouse. Find this distance. by the time it reaches the sign?
Let the number of trousers that dealer purchases is x

. Now the price of single unit will be (400 - 0.4x) and
total price of x trousers will be x (400 - 0.4x).
Then, according to the question, we have
x (400 - 0.4x) = 84000
400x - 0.4x 2 = 84000
0.4x 2 - 400x + 84000 = 0
x 2 - 1000x + 210000 = 0
x 2 - 300x - 700x + 210000 = 0
Sol :
x (x - 300) - 700 (x - 300) = 0
We have d = v+ 1
20 v2
(x - 300) (x - 700) = 0
Substituting v = 50 we have
d = 50 + 201 # 502 x = 300, 700
Since x 1 400 , x = 300
= 50 + 125 = 175 m
So, dealer purchases 300 trousers.
If a driver decides to brake 120 metre from a stop
sign, substituting v = 120 in d = v + 201 v2 we have 151. Riya has a lawn with a flowerbed and grass land. The
120 = v + 201 v2 grass land is in the shape of rectangle while flowerbed
is in the shape of square. The length of the grassland
2400 = 20v + v2 is found to be 3 m more than twice the length of the
v2 + 20v - 2400 = 0 flowerbed. Total area of the whole lawn is 1260 m2.
v2 + 60v - 40v - 2400 = 0
v (v + 60) - 40 (v - 60) = 0
(v + 60) (v - 40) = 0
v = 40, - 60
(i) Braking distance is 175 m when v is 50 km/h.
(ii) If a driver decides to brake 120 metre from a stop
sign, the car be going by 40 km/h and still stop (i) If the length of the flowerbed is x m then what is
by the time it reaches the sign. the total length of the lawn ?
(ii) What will be the perimeter of the whole field?
150. Quantity Discount : Peter Paris Co. sells running
trousers to dealers for Rs 400 per trouser if less than (iii) What is the value of x if the area of total lawn is
50 trousers are ordered. If 50 or more trousers are 1260 m2 ?
ordered (up to 400), the price per trouser is reduced (iv) What is the area of grassland ?
at a rate of Rs 0.4 times the number ordered. How
(v) What is the ratio of area of flowerbed to area of
many trousers can a dealer purchase for Rs 84000?
grassland ?
Sol :
(i) The length of the grassland is 3 m more than twice
the length of the flowerbed. Thus it will be 2x + 3 .
Now the total length of field is 2x + 3 + x = 3x + 3 .
(ii)Perimeter = 2 (3x + 3 + x)
= 2 (4x + 3) = (8x + 6)
(iii) We have A = (3x + 3) x
1260 = 3x2 + 3x
420 = x2 + x
Sol : x2 + x - 420 = 0
(x + 21) (x - 20) = 0 30x = - x2 + 400

Thus, x = 20 is only possible value. x2 + 30x - 400 = 0
(iv) Area of grassland, Ag = (2x + 3) x (iv) We have x2 + 30x - 400 = 0
= (2 # 20 + 3) 20 x2 + 40x - 10x - 400 = 0
= 860 m2 x (x + 40) - 10x (x + 40) = 0
(v) Area of flowerbed, (x + 40) (x - 10) = 0
A f = x2 = 202 = 400 m2 x = 10, - 40
Ratio = 400 = 20 Here x = 10 is only possible.
860 43
(v) In downstream speed of boat = 20 + 10 = 30 km/
152. John and Priya went for a small picnic. After having hr
their lunch Priya insisted to travel in a motor boat. Time take to cover distance 15 km will be 30 minutes.
The speed of the motor boat was 20 km/hr. Priya
being a Mathematics student wanted to know the 153. Nidhi and Ria are very close friends. Nidhi’s parents
speed of the current. So she noted the time for own a Maruti Alto. Ria’s parents own a Toyota Liva.
upstream and downstream. Both the families decide to go for a picnic to Somnath
temple in Gujrat by their own cars.
Nidhi’s car travels x km/h while Ria’s car travels 5

km/h more than Nidhi’s car. Nidhi’s car took 4 hrs
more than Ria’s car in covering 400 km.
She found that for covering the distance of 15 km the
(i) What will be the distance covered by Ria’s car in
boat took 1 hour more for upstream than downstream.
two hour?
(i) Let speed of the current be x km/hr. then speed
(ii) Write the quadratic equation that describe the
of the motorboat in upstream will be
speed of Nidhi’s car?
(ii) What is the relation between speed distance and
(iii) What is the the speed of Nidhi’s car?
time?
(iv) How much time did Ria take to travel 400 km?
(iii) Write the correct quadratic equation for the speed
of the current ? (iv) How much time did Nidhi take to travel 400 km?
(iv) What is the speed of current ? Sol :
(v) How much time boat took in downstream ? (i) Nidhi’s car travels x km/h while Ria’s car travels
5 km/h more than Nidhi’s car. Thus Ria’s car speed
Sol : is x + 5 km/hour. Distance covered in two hour is
(i) In this case speed of the motorboat in upstream 2 (x + 5) .
will be (20 - x) km/hr. (ii) As per question,
(ii) distance = (speed )/time 400 = 400 + 4
(iii) As per question, x x+5
15 = 15 + 1 400 (x + 5) = 400x + 4x (x + 5)
20 - x 20 + x
2000 = 4x2 + 20x
15 (20 + x) = 15 (20 - x) + (20 - x) (20 + x)
500 = x2 + 5x
15x = - 15x + (202 - x2)
x2 + 5x - 500 = 0 x2 - 22x + 40 = 0
(iii) We have x2 + 5x - 500 = 0 (x - 2) (x - 20) = 0 & x = 2 , 20
2
x + 25x - 20x - 500 = 0 (ii) Theatre can charge Rs 20 hundred also. This is
also break even point.
x (x + 25) - 20 (x + 25) = 0
(iii) At, x = 4 , we have
(x + 25) (x - 20) = 0
P (2) = - (4) 2 + 22 # 4 - 40 = 32
x = 20, - 25
Since x = - 25 is not possible, we get x = 20 (iv) At, x = 25 , we have
(iv) Rias car speed = 20 + 5 = 25 km/hour P (5) = - (25) 2 + 22 # 25 - 40 = - 115

(v) We have P (x) = - x2 + 22x - 40
Time taken = 400 = 16 hour
25 Rearranging the profit equation we have
(v) Time Taken by Nidhi 16 + 4 = 20 Hours P (x) = - (x2 - 22x + 121 - 81)
154. Optimal Pricing Strategy : The director of the = - (x - 11) 2 + 81
National School of Drama must decide what to charge From above equation it is clear that maximum value
for a ticket to the comedy drama. If the price is set too of above equation is 81.
low, the theatre will lose money; and if the price is too
high, people won’t come. From past experience she 155. Auditorium, the part of a public building where an
estimates that the profit P from sales (in hundreds) audience sits, as distinct from the stage, the area
can be approximated by P (x) = - x2 + 22x - 40 where on which the performance or other object of the
x is the cost of a ticket and 0 # x # 25 hundred audience’s attention is presented. In a large theatre an
rupees. auditorium includes a number of floor levels frequently
designed as stalls, private boxes, dress circle, balcony
or upper circle, and gallery. A sloping floor allows the
seats to be arranged to give a clear view of the stage.
The walls and ceiling usually contain concealed light
and sound equipment and air extracts or inlets and
may be highly decorated.
(i) What is the lowest cost of a ticket that would

allow the theatre to break even?
(ii) What is the highest cost that the theatre can
charge to break even?
In an auditorium, seats are arranged in rows and
(iii) If theatre charge Rs 4 hundred for each ticket, columns. The number of rows are equal to the number
what is the profit/loss ? of seats in each row. When the number of rows are
(iv) If theatre charge Rs 25 hundred for each ticket, doubled and the number of seats in each row is reduced
what is the profit/loss ? by 10, the total number of seats increases by 300.
(v) What is the maximum profit which can be earned (i) If x is taken as number of row in original
by theatre ? arrangement, write the quadratic equation that
describes the situation ?
Sol :
(ii) How many number of rows are there in the original
(i) At break even P (x) = 0 , thus arrangement?
- x2 + 22x - 40 = 0
(iii) How many number of seats are there in the S. No. Article Cost per student
auditorium in original arrangement ?
1 Entry ticket Rs 5
(iv) How many number of seats are there in the
auditorium after re-arrangement. 2 Coffee Rs 10
(v) How many number of columns are there in the 3 Food Rs 25

auditorium after re-arrangement? 4 Travelling Rs 50
cost
Sol :
(i) Since number of rows are equal to the number of 5 Ice-cream Rs 15
seats in each row in original arrangement, total seats (i) If x is the number of students planned for picnic,
are x2 . find the quadratic equation that describe the
In new arrangement row are 2x and seats in each row situation.
are x - 10 . Hence total 2x (x - 10) seats are there. (ii) What is the number of students planned for picnic ?
Total seats are 300 more than previous seats so total
number of seats are x2 + 300 . (iii) What is the number of students who attended the
picnic?
Thus 2x (x - 10) = x2 + 300
(iv) What is the total expanse for this picnic ?
2x2 - 20x = x2 + 300
(v) How much money they spent for travelling ?
x2 - 20x - 300 = 0
Sol :
(ii) We have x2 - 20x - 300 = 0 2000 + 20 = 2000
(i) We have
x2 - 30x + 10x - 300 = 0 x x-5
x (x - 30) + 10 (x - 30) = 0 2000 (x - 5) + 20x (x - 5) = 2000x
(x - 30) (x + 10) = 0 & x = 30, - 10 - 10000 + 20x2 - 100x = 0
(iii) Number of seats in original arrangement, x2 - 5x - 500 = 0
x2 = 302 = 900 (ii) We have x2 - 5x - 500 = 0
(iv) Total seats in rearrangement = 302 + 300 x2 - 25x + 20x - 500 = 0
= 900 + 300 = 1200 x (x - 25) + 20 (x - 25) = 0
(v) Number of row are 30 in original arrangement. In (x - 25) (x + 20) = 0

rearrangement number of rows are 2 # 30 = 60 . x = 25, - 20
Number of Column after rearrangement, (iii) x = 25 - 5 = 20 Students attended picnic
= Total seats = 1200 = 20 Column (iv) Expanse per student = 5 + 10 + 25 + 50 + 15
Row 60
= 105
156. Raju and his classmates planned a picnic in zoo. The
Total expanse, 105 # 20 = 2100
total budget for picnic was Rs 2000 but 5 students
failed to attend the picnic and thus the contribution (v) Expanse on travelling 50 # 20 = 1000
for each student was increased by Rs 20.
***********
The expanse of different item was as follows.

Chap 5 Arithmetic Progression Page 145
CHAPTER 5
Arithmetic Progression
ONE MARK QUESTIONS a10 = a + (10 - 1) d

= p + 9q
th
1. What is the n term of the AP a , 3a , 5a , ... ? 5. Fill the two blanks in the sequence 2 .........., 26, .........
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] so that the sequence forms an AP.
Given AP is a , 3a , 5a , ... Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
First term is a and d = 3a - a = 2a Let a and b be the two numbers. AP will be 2, a

, 26, b .
nth term an = a + (n - 1) d
Now, 26 - a = a - 2
= a + (n - 1) 2a
2a = 28 & a = 28 = 14
= a + 2na - 2a 2
= 2na - a = (2n - 1) a and b - 26 = 26 - a
a + b = 52
1-p
2. What is the common difference of the AP 1 ,
p p 14 + b = 52 & b = 38
1 - 2p
, , ...?
p Thus a = 14 and b = 38 .
1 1 - p 1 - 2p 6. The sum of first 20 terms of the AP 1, 4, 7, 10 .... is

Given AP is , , ...
p p p Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
Common difference Given AP is 1, 4, 7, 10 ...
1-p 1 Here, a = 1, d = 4 - 1 = 3 and n = 20
d = -
p p
1-p-1 -p S20 = n [2a + (n - 1) d]
= = =- 1 2
p p
= 20 [2 # 1 + (20 - 1) 3]
3. What is the value of x for which 2x, (x + 10) and 2
(3x + 2) are the three consecutive terms of an AP ? = 10 (2 + 57) = 10 # 59 = 590
7. Show that (a - b) 2 , (a2 + b2) and (a + b) 2 are in AP.
Since 2x, (x + 10) and (3x + 2) are in AP we obtain,
(x + 10) - 2x = (3x + 2) - (x + 10)
Given, (a - b) 2, (a2 + b2) and (a + b) 2 .
- x + 10 = 2x - 8 Common difference,
- x - 2x = - 8 - 10 d1 = (a2 + b2) - (a - b) 2
- 3x = - 18 & x = 6 = (a2 + b2) - (a2 + b2 - 2ab)
4. If the first term of AP is p and the common difference = a2 + b2 - a2 - b2 + 2ab

is q , then what is its 10th term? = 2ab
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] and d2 = (a + b) 2 - (a2 + b2)
We have a = p and d = q = a2 + b2 + 2ab - a2 - b2 = 2ab
Page 146 Arithmetic Progression Chap 5
Since, d1 = d2 , thus, (a - b) 2 , (a2 + b2) and (a + b) 2 Common difference d = a2 - a1

are in AP. =- 1 - 3 =- 4
8. Find the sum of all 11 terms of an AP whose middle 12. In an AP, if the common difference d = - 4 , and the
term is 30. seventh term a7 is 4, then find the first term.
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Sol : [Board 2018]
In an AP with 11 terms, the middle term is 112+ 1 = 6 th
We have d =- 4
term.
and a7 = 4
Now, a6 = a + 5d = 30
Now an = a + (n - 1) d
Thus, S11 = 11 [2a + 10d]
2 a7 = a + (7 - 1) d
= 11 (a + 5d)
4 = a + (7 - 1) (- 4)
= 11 # 30 = 330
4 = a - 24 & a = 4 + 24 = 28
9. If 4 times the 4 th term of an AP is equal to 18 times First term of the AP is 28.
the 18 th term, then find the 22 nd term.
13. Find the sum of first 8 multiples of 3.
Sol : [Board 2018]
Let a be the first term and d be the common
First 8 multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
difference of the AP.
which are in AP where a = 3 , d = 3 and n = 8 .
Now an = a + (n - 1) d
Now Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d]
As per the information given in question 2
8
S8 = [2 # 3 + (8 - 1) 3]
4 # a 4 = 18 # a18 2
4 (a + 3d) = 18 (a + 17d) = 4 [6 + 21]
2a + 6d = 9a + 153d
S8 = 4 # 27 = 108
7a = - 147d
Thus, sum of first 8 multiples of 3 is 108.
a = - 21d
a + 21d =0 14. Find the number of natural numbers between 102 and
a + (22 - 1) d = 0 & a22 = 0 998 which are divisible by 2 and 5 both.
Hence, the 22 nd term of the AP is 0. Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
If any number is divisible by 2 and 5, it must be

10. If the first three terms of an AP are b , c and 2b , then divisible by LCM of 2 and 5, i.e. 10.
find the ratio of b and c .
Numbers between 102 ......... 998 which are divisible
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] by 2 and 5 are 110, 120, 130, ..........990
Given, b , c and 2b are in AP. Here a = 110 , d = 120 - 110 = 10 and an = 990
Thus c - b = 2b - c an = a + (n - 1) d
2c = 3b 990 = 110 + (n - 1) 10
2 =b
3 c 880 = 10 (n - 1)
b = 2 & b :c = 2 : 3 88 = n - 1
c 3
n = 88 + 1 = 89
11. The n th term of an AP is (7 - 4n), then what is its
common difference? 15. Is - 150 a term of the AP 11, 8, 5, 2, .......?
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Sol : [Board Term-2 2016]
We have an = 7 - 4n Let the first term of an AP be a and common

difference be d.
Putting n = 1, a1 = 7 - 4 = 3
We have a = 11, d = - 3, an = - 150
Putting n = 2 , a2 = 7 - 8 = - 1
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d Let the first term of an AP be a and common

difference d.
- 150 = 11 + ^n - 1h^- 3h
Here, a = 2, a + d = 8 =2 2
- 150 = 11 - 3n + 3
d =2 2- 2= 2
3n = 164
Next term = 32 + 2
or, n = 164 = 54.66
3 =4 2+ 2
Since, 54.66 is not a whole number, - 150 is not a
term of the given AP. =5 2 = 50
16. Which of the term of AP 5, 2, - 1, ...... is - 49 ? PRACTICE
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]  What is the next term of an AP 7, 28 , 63 , ...?

Let the first term of an AP be a and common
difference d. Ans : 112
We have a = 5, d = - 3
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d 20. Is series 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , .... an AP? Give reason.
Substituting all values we have Sol : [Board Term-2 2015]
- 49 = 5 + ^n - 1h^- 3h Let common difference be d then we have

- 49 = 5 - 3n + 3 d = a2 - a1 = 6- 3= 3 ^ 2 - 1h
3n = 49 + 5 + 3 d = a3 - a2 = 9- 6 = 3- 6
n = 57 = 19th term. d = a 4 - a3 = 12 - 9 = 2 3 -3
3
As common difference are not equal, the given series
17. Find the first four terms of an AP, whose first term is is not in AP
- 2 and common difference is - 2.
21. If the common difference of an AP is - 6 , find a16 - a12 .
We have a1 = - 2,
Let the first term of an AP be a and common
a2 = a1 + d = - 2 + ^- 2h = - 4 difference be d.
a3 = a2 + d = - 4 + ^- 2h = - 6 Now d =- 6
a 4 = a3 + d = - 6 + ^- 2h = - 8 a16 = a + ^16 - 1h^- 6h = a - 90
Hence first four terms are - 2, - 4, - 6, - 8 a12 = a + ^12 - 1h^- 6h = a - 66
a16 - a12 = â - 90h - â - 66h = a - 90 - n + 66
18. Find the tenth term of the sequence 2 , 8 , 18 , ....
= - 24
Let the first term of an AP be a and common 22. The first three terms of an AP are 3y - 1, 3y + 5 and
difference be d. 5y + 1 respectively then find y .
Given AP is 2 , 8 , 18 or 2 , 2 2 , 3 2 ...
where, a = 2,d = 2 , n = 10 If x, y and z are in AP then we have
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d y-x = z-y
a10 = 2 + ^10 - 1h 2 Therefore if 3y - 1, 3y + 5 and 5y + 1 in AP
= 2 + 9 2 = 10 2 ^3y + 5h - ^3y - 1h = ^5y + 1h - ^3y + 5h
Therefore tenth term of the given sequence 200 . 3y + 5 - 3y + 1 = 5y + 1 - 3y - 5
6 = 2y - 4
19. Find the next term of the series 2 , 8 , 18 , 32 ....
2y = 6 + 4
y = 10 = 5 Let the first term of an AP be a and common

2 difference be d.
23. If 3k - 2 , 4k - 6 and k + 2 are three consecutive terms a21 - a7 = 84
of AP, then find the value of k . a + ^21 - 1h d - 8a + ^7 - 1h dB = 84
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic] a + 20d - a - 6d = 84
To be term of an AP the difference between two 14d = 84
consecutive terms must be the same.
d =6
If 3k - 2 , 4k - 6 and k + 2 are terms of an AP, then
4k - 6 - (3k - 2) = k + 2 - (4k - 6) 26. In the AP 2, x, 26 find the value of x .
4k - 6 - 3k + 2 = k + 2 - 4k + 6 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
If x, y and z are in AP then we have

k - 4 = 8 - 3k
y-x = z-y
4k = 12 & k = 3
Since 2, x and 26 are in AP we have
Hence, the value of k is 3.
x - 2 = 26 - x
PRACTICE 2x = 26 + 2
 For what value of k will the consecutive terms
2k + 1, 3k + 3 and 5k - 1 form an AP? x = 28 = 14
2
27. If 18, a, b, - 3 are in AP, then find a + b .
Ans : 6
If 18, a, b, - 3 are in AP, then,

 For what value of k , k + 9, 2k - 1 and 2k + 7 are
a - 18 = - 3 - b
the consecutive terms of an AP.
[Board Term-2 OD 2016] a + b = - 3 + 18
Ans : 18 a + b = 15
1 - 6q
 For what value of k; k + 2, 4k - 6, 3k - 2 are 28. Find the common difference of the AP 1 , ,
3q 3q
1 - 12q
three consecutive terms of an AP. , .....
3q
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2014, 2012]
Ans : 3
Let common difference be d then we have
1 - 6q
d = - 1
3q 3q
24. Find the 25th term of the AP - 5, - 5 , 5 , ..... 1 - 6q - 1 - 6q
2 2 = = =- 2
3q 3q
Let the first term of an AP be a and common 29. Find the first four terms of an AP whose first term is
difference be d. 3x + y and common difference is x - y .
Here, a = - 5, d = - 5 - (- 5) = 5 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]

2 2 Let the first term of an AP be a and common
an = a + ^n - 1h d ` difference be d.
a25 = 5 + ^25 - 1h × b 5 l Now a1 = 3x + y

2
a2 = a1 + d = 3x + y + x - y = 4x
= - 5 + 60 = 55
a3 = a2 + d = 4x + x - y = 5x - y
25. What is the common difference of an AP in which a 4 = a3 + d = 5x - y + x - y = 6x - 2y
a21 - a7 = 84 ?
So, the four terms are 3x + y , 4x, 5x - y and 6x - 2y.
30. Find the 37th term of the AP x, 3 x, 5 x . Here, a = 10, d = 6 - 1 = - 4, n = 16

Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
Let the n th term of an AP be an and common
difference be d. S16 = 16 62 # 10 + ^16 - 1h^- 4h@
2
Here, a1 = x = 8 620 + 15 # ^- 4h@
a2 = 3 x = 8 620 - 60@ = 8 # ^- 40h = - 320
d = a2 - a1 = 3 x - x = 2 x
34. What is the sum of five positive integer divisible by 6.
an = a + ^n - 1h d
a37 = x + ^37 - 1h 2 x Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
= x + 36 # 2 x = 73 x term be an and sum of n the term be Sn
Here, a = 6, d = 6, n = 5
31. For an AP, if a25 - a20 = 45, then find the value of d.
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
Let the first term of an AP be a and common S5 = 5 62 # 6 + ^5 - 1h^6 h@
2
difference be d.
a25 - a20 = $a + ^25 - 1h d . - $a + ^20 - 1h d . = 5 612 + 4 # 6@
2
45 = a + 24d - a - 19d = 5 612 + 24@ = 5 [36]
2 2
45 = 5d
= 5 # 18 = 90
d 45 = 9
5 35. If the sum of n terms of an AP is 2n2 + 5n, then find
32. Find the sum of first ten multiple of 5. the 4th term.
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi, 2014] Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
Let the first term be a , common difference be Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
d , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn . term be an and sum of n term be Sn
Here, a = 5, n = 10, d = 5 Now, Sn = 2n2 + 5n
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB nth term of AP,
2
10 a n = Sn - Sn - 1
S10 = 62 # 5 + ^10 - 1h 5@
2 an = ^2n2 + 5n h - [2 ^n - 1h2 + 5 ^n - 1h]
= 5 610 + 9 # 5@
= 2n2 + 5n - [2n2 - 4n + 2 + 5n - 5]
= 5 610 + 45@
= 2n2 + 5n - 2n2 - n + 3
= 5 # 55 = 275
= 4n + 3
Hence the sum of first ten multiple of 5 is 275.
Thus 4th term a 4 = 4 # 4 + 3 = 19
PRACTICE
PRACTICE
 Find the sum of first five multiples of 2.
 The sum of first n terms of an AP is given by
[Board Term-2 2012]
Sn = 2n2 + 8n. Find the sixteenth term of the AP.
Ans : 30
[Board 2010]
Ans : 65
33. Find the sum of first 16 terms of the AP 10, 6, 2, .....

Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] 36. If the sum of first k terms of an AP is 3k2 - k and its
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th common difference is 6. What is the first term?
term be an and sum of n term be Sn Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Hence , an = 1 + n - 1

term be an . Let the sum of k terms of AP is Sk . m
We have Sk = 3k2 - k 40. What is the common difference of an AP which
th
Now k term of AP, a21 - a7 = 84.
a k = Sk - Sk - 1 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and

ak = ^3k2 - k h - 83 ^k - 1h2 - ^k - 1hB
n th term be an .
= 3k2 - k - 63k2 - 6k + 3 - k + 1@ We have a21 - a7 = 84
= 3k2 - k - 3k2 + 7k - 4 = 6k - 4 a + 20d - a - 6d = 84
First term a = 6 # 1 - 4 = 2 14d = 84
37. Which term of the AP 8, 14, 20, 26, ...... will be 72 d = 84 = 6

14
more than its 41st term.
Hence common difference is 6.
Let the first term be a , common difference be 41. Which term of the progression 20, 19 1 , 18 1 , 17 3 .... is
4 2 4
d and n th term be an . the first negative.
We have a = 8, d = 6. Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
Since nth term is 72 more than 41st term. we get Let the first term be a , common difference be d and
an = a 41 + 72 n th term be an .
8 + ^n - 1h 6 = 8 + 40 # 6 + 72 We have a = 20 and d = - 3
4
6n - 6 = 240 + 72 Let the nth term be first negative term, then
6n = 312 + 6 = 318 a + ^n - 1h d < 0
n = 53 20 + ^n - 1hb- 3 l < 0
4
38. If the nth term of an AP - 1, 4, 9, 14, ..... is 129. Find 20 - 3 n + 3 < 0
the value of n. 4 4
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]

3n > 83
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and n > 83 = 27 2
3 3
n th term be an .
We have a = - 1 and d = 4 - ^- 1h = 5 Hence 28th term is first negative.
- 1 + ^n - 1h # 5 = an 42. If Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an AP whose
- 1 + 5n - 5 = 129 common difference is d and first term is a , find
5n = 135 Sn - 2Sn - 1 + Sn - 2 .
n = 27 Sol : [Board Term-2 2011]
th
Hence 27 term is 129. We have a n = Sn - Sn - 1
a n - 1 = Sn - 1 - Sn - 2
39. Write the nth term of the AP 1 , 1 + m , 1 + 2m , .....
m m m Subtracting above equation we have
a n - a n - 1 = Sn - Sn - 1 - Sn - 1 + Sn - 2
n th term be an . d = Sn - 2Sn - 1 + Sn - 2 .
We have a = 1 43. Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8.

m
Sol :
d = 1+m - 1 = 1
[Board Term-2 Delhi Compt 2017]
m m Let the first term be a = 8 , common difference be
an = 1 + ^n - 1h 1 d = 8 , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
m
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB sum 120.

2
46. How many two digits numbers are divisible by 3?
S15 = 15 62 # 8 + ^15 - 1h 8@
2 Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
= 15 616 + 112@ Numbers divisible by 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ......., 96 and

2
99. Lowest two digit number divisible by 3 is 12 and
= 15 # 128 = 996 highest two digit number divisible by 3 is 99.
2
Hence, the sequence start with 12, ends with 99 and
Hence, the sum of 15 terms is 960.
common difference is 3.
So, the AP is 12, 15, 18, ....., 96, 99.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS Here, a = 12 , d = 3 and an = 99
an = a + ^n - 1h d
44. If the sum of first m terms of an AP is the same as 99 = 12 + ^n - 1h 3
the sum of its first n terms, show that the sum of its
99 - 12 = 3 ^n - 1h
first (m + n) terms is zero.
Sol : n - 1 = 87 = 29 & n = 30
[Board 2020 SQP Standard] 3
Let a be the first term and d be the common Therefore, there are 30, two digit numbers divisible
difference of the given AP. Then, by 3.
Sm = Sn
PRACTICE
m {2a + (m - 1) d} = n {2a + (n - 1) d}
2 2  How many two digit numbers are divisible by 7?
[Board 2019, SQP 2016]
2a (m - n) + {m (m - 1) - n (n - 1) d} = 0
Ans : 13
2a (m - n) + [(m2 - n2) - (m - n) d] = 0
(m - n) [2a + (m + n - 1) d] = 0
47. Which term of the AP 3, 15, 27, 39, ... will be 120
2a + (m + n - 1) d = 0
more than its 21st term?
Now, Sm + n = m + n {2a + (m + n - 1) d} Sol :
2 [Board 2019 Delhi]
Given AP is 3, 15, 27, 39......

= m+n #0 = 0
2 Here, first term, a = 3 and common difference, d = 12
Now, 21 st term of AP is
45. How many terms of AP 3, 5, 7, 9, ..... must be taken
to get the sum 120? an = a + ^n - 1h d
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic] a21 = 3 + ^21 - 1h # 12
Given AP : 3, 5, 7, 9, .......... = 3 + 20 # 12 = 243
We have a = 3 , d = 2 and Sn = 120 Therefore, 21 st term is 243.
Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d] Now we need to calculate term which is 120 more than
2 21 st term i.e it should be 243 + 120 = 363
120 = n [2 # 3 + (n - 1) 2] Therefore, an = a + ^n - 1h d
2
120 = n (3 + n - 1) 363 = 3 + ^n - 1h 12
120 = n (n + 2) 360 = 12 ^n - 1h
n2 + 2n - 120 = 0 n - 1 = 30 & n = 31
So, 31 term is 120 more than 21 st term.
st
n2 + 12n - 10n - 120 = 0
(n + 12) (n - 10) = 0 & n = 10 or n = - 12 48. If Sn the sum of first n terms of an AP is given by
Neglecting n = - 12 because n can’t be negative we Sn = 3n2 - 4n , find the nth term.
get n = 10 . Hence, 10 terms must be taken to get the Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
We have Sn = 3n2 - 4n 51. Is 184 a term of the sequence 3, 7, 11, .......?

Substituting n by n - 1 we get Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
2
Sn - 1 = 3 (n - 1) - 4 (n - 1) Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference
th be d and number of terms be n .
Now n term
Let an = 184
a n = Sn - Sn - 1
Here, a = 3, d = 7 - 3 = 11 - 7 = 4
= 3n2 - 4n - 3 (n - 1) 2 + 4 (n - 1)
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d,
= 3n2 - 4n - 3 (n2 - 2n + 1) + 4 (n - 1)
184 = 3 + ^n - 1h 4
= - 3 (- 2n + 1) + 4 (- 1) 181 = n - 1
= 6n - 7 4
Therefore, n th
term is 6n - 7 . 45.25 = n - 1
46.25 = n
49. Find the 21 st term of the AP - 4 12 , - 3, - 1 12 , ...
Since 46.25 is not an whole number, thus 184 is not a
term of given AP
Given AP is - 4 1 , - 3, - 1 1 , ... or - 9 , - 3, - 3 , ...
2 2 2 2 52. Find, 100 is a term of the AP 25, 28, 31, ...... or not.
First term, a = - 9
Common difference, Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference

be d and number of terms be n .
d = - 3 - b- 9 l = - 3 + 9 Let an = 100
2 2
- 6 + 9 3 Here a = 25, d = 28 - 25 = 31 - 28 = 3
= =
2 2
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d,
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d
100 = 25 + ^n - 1h # 3
a21 = e - 9 o + ^21 - 1he 3 o 100 - 25 = 75 = ^n - 1h # 3
2 2
= - + 20 # = - 9 + 30
9 3 25 = n - 1
2 2 2
n = 26
= - 9 + 30 = 51 = 25 1 Since 26 is an whole number, thus 100 is a term of
2 2 2
st 1 given AP.
Hence, 21 term of given AP is 25 .
2
53. Find the 7th term from the end of AP 7, 10, 13, .... 184.
50. If the sum of first n terms of an AP is n2 , then find
its 10th term. Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
Let us write AP in reverse order i.e., 184, ..... 13, 10, 7

2 Let the first term of an AP be a and common
We have Sn = n ...(1)
difference be d .
Substituting n by n - 1 we get
Now d = 7 - 10 = - 3
Sn - 1 = (n - 1) 2
a = 184, n = 7
Now nth term, a n = Sn - Sn - 1
7th term from the original end,
= n2 - (n - 1) 2
a7 = a + 6d
= n2 - (n2 - 2n + 1)
a7 = 184 + 6 ^- 3h
= 2n - 1
= 184 - 18 = 166 .
Now, 10 th term of AP, th
Hence, 166 is the 7 term from the end.
a10 = 2 # 10 - 1 = 19
Hence, the 10 th term of AP is 19. 54. In a certain AP 32th term is twice the 12th term. Prove
that 70th term is twice the 31st term. a + 4d = 20 ...(1)

Sol : [Board Term-2 2015, 2012] a + 6d + a + 10d = 64
Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference a + 8d = 32 ...(2)
be d and n th term be an .
Solving equations (1) and (2), we have
Now we have a32 = 2a12
d =3
a + 31d = 2 â + 11d h
58. The ninth term of an AP is - 32 and the sum of
a + 31d = 2a + 22d
its eleventh and thirteenth term is - 94 . Find the
a = 9d common difference of the AP
a70 = a + 69d = 9d + 69d = 78d Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
a31 = a + 30d = 9d + 30d = 39d Let the first term be a and common difference
be d.
a70 = 2a31 Hence Proved.
Now a + 8d = a9
th th
55. The 8 term of an AP is zero. Prove that its 38 term a + 8d = - 32 ...(1)
is triple of its 18th term.
and a11 + a13 = - 94
a + 10d + a + 12d = - 94
Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference
be d and n th term be an . a + 11d = - 47 ...(2)
We have, a8 = 0 or, a + 7d = 0 or, a = - 7d Solving equation (1) and (2), we have
Now a38 = a + 37d d =- 5
a38 = - 7d + 37d = 30d
PRACTICE
a18 = a + 17d = - 7d + 17d = 10d
 The fifth term of an AP is 20 and the sum of
a38 = 30d = 3 # 10d = 3 # a18 its seventh and eleventh terms is 64. Find the
a38 = 3a18 Hence Proved common difference.
56. If five times the fifth term of an AP is equal to eight Ans : 3

times its eighth term, show that its 13th term is zero.
59. The seventeenth term of an AP exceeds its 10th term
by 7. Find the common difference.
be d and n th term be an .
Sol : [Board Term-2 2015, 2014]
Now 5a5 = 8a8
Let the first term be a and common difference be d .
5 â + 4d h = 8 â + 7d h
Now a17 = a10 + 7
5a + 20d = 8a + 56d
a + 16d = a + 9d + 7
3a + 36d = 0
16d - 9d = 7
3 â + 12d h = 0
7d = 7 & d = 1
a + 12d = 0
Thus common difference is 1.
a13 = 0 Hence Proved
60. The fourth term of an AP is 11. The sum of the fifth
57. The fifth term of an AP is 20 and the sum of and seventh terms of the AP is 34. Find the common
its seventh and eleventh terms is 64. Find the difference.
common difference. Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] Let the first term be a and common difference be d.
Let the first term be a and common difference be d. Now a 4 = 11
a + 3d = 11 ...(1)
and a5 + a7 = 34 Let the first term be a and common difference be d .

a + 4d + a + 6d = 34 Since a, 10, b, c, 31 are in AP, then
a + d = 10 (1)
, 2a + 10d = 34
a + 4d = a5
, a + 5d = 17 ...(2)
a + 4d = 31 (2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) we have
Solving (1) and (2) we have
d =3
d = 7 and a = 3
61. Find the middle term of the AP 213, 205, 197, .... 37. Now a = 3, b = 3 + 14 = 17, c = 3 + 21 = 24
Thus a = 3, b = 17, c = 24.
be d and number of terms be m . 64. For AP show that a p + a p + 2q = 2a p + q .
Here, a = 213, d = 205 - 213 = - 8, am = 37 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
am = a + ^m - 1h d Let the first term be a and the common difference be
37 = 213 + ^m - 1h^- 8h d. Let an be the n th term.
37 - 213 = - 8 ^m - 1h a p = a + ^p - 1h d
m - 1 = - 176 = 22 a p + 2q = a + ^p + 2q - 1h d
-8
a p + a p + 2q = a + ^p - 1h d + a + ^p + 2q - 1h d
m = 22 + 1 = 23
= a + pd - d + a + pd + 2qd - d
The middle term will be = 23 + 1 = 12th
2 = 2a + 2pd + 2qd - 2d
a12 = a + ^12 - 1h d = 213 + ^12 - 1h^- 8h or a p + a p + 2q = 2 8a + ^p + q - 1h dB ...(1)
= 213 - 88 = 125 But 2a p + q = 2 8a + ^p + q - 1h dB ...(2)
Middle term will be 125. From (1) and (2), we get a p + a p + 2q = 2a p + q
PRACTICE 65. The 4th term of an AP is zero. Prove that the 25th
 Find the middle term of the AP 6, 13, 20, .... 216. term of the AP is three times its 11th term.
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
Ans : 111 Let the first term be a , common difference be d and
n th term be an .
We have, a4 = 0
62. If the number x + 3, 2x + 1 and x - 7 are in AP find
the value of x . a + (n - 1) d = 0
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] a + 3d = 0
If x, y and z are three consecutive terms of an AP 3d = - a
then we have
- 3d = a ...(1)
y-x = z-y
Now, a25 = a + 24d = - 3d + 24d = 21d ...(2)
^2x + 1h - ^x + 3h = ^x - 7h - ^2x + 1h
a11 = a + 10d = - 3d + 10d = 7d ...(3)
2x + 1 - x - 3 = x - 7 - 2x - 1
From equation (2) and (3) we have
x - 2 =- x - 8
a25 = 3a11 Hence Proved.
2x = - 6 & x = - 3
66. How many terms of the AP 65, 60, 55, .... be taken so
63. Find the values of a, b and c , such that the numbers that their sum is zero?
a, 10, b, c, 31 are in AP
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
We have a = 65, d = - 5, Sn = 0 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB 2
2
S5 + S7 = 167
Let sum of n term be zero, then we have
5 2a + 4d + 7 2a + 6d = 167
n 130 + n - 1 - 5 = 0 2^ h 2^ h
26 ^ h^ h@
n 130 + 5n + 5 = 0 5a + 10d + 7a + 21d = 167
26 @
12a + 31d = 167 ...(1)
135n - 5n2 = 0 Now we have S10 = 235 , thus
n ^135 - 5n h = 0 10 2a + 10 - 1 d = 235
28 ^ h B
5n = 135 & n = 27
5 ^2a + 9d h = 235
PRACTICE 2a + 9d = 47 (2)
 How many terms of the AP 18, 16, 14 ..... be taken Solving (1) and (2), we get
so that their sum is zero? a = 1, d = 5
Thus AP is 1, 6, 11....
Ans : 19
69. Find the sum of sixteen terms of an AP
- 1, - 5, - 9, ...... .
 How many terms of the AP 27, 24, 21 .... should
be taken so that their sum is zero? Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
Ans : 19 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
Here, a1 = - 1, a2 = - 5 and d = - 4
Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
67. How many terms of the AP - 6, - 112 , - 5, - 92 .... are 2
needed to give their sum zero. 16
S16 = 62 # ^- 1h + ^16 - 1h^- 4h@
2
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th = 8 6- 2 - 60@ = 8 ^- 62h

term be an and sum of n term be Sn . = - 496
We have a = - 6, d = - 11 - ^- 6h = 1
2 2 70. If the 1st term of a series is 7 and 13th term is 35. Find
n
Sn = 82a + ^n - 1h dB the sum of 13 terms of the sequence.
2
Let sum of n term be zero, then we have Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
n 2 (- 6) + n - 1 1 = 0 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

2: # ^ h 2D term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
n - 12 + n - 1 = 0 Here a = 7, a13 = 35
2: 2 2D
n n - 25 = 0 an = a + ^n - 1h d
2 :2 2D a13 = a + 12d
n2 - 25n = 0
35 = 7 + 12d & d = 7
n ^n - 25h = 0 3
n = 25 Now n
Sn = 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
Hence 25 terms are needed.
S13 = 13 ;2 # 7 + 12 # b 7 lE
2 3
68. In an AP, if S5 + S7 = 167 and S10 = 235, then find
the AP, where Sn denotes the sum of first n terms. = 13 614 + 28@ = 13 # 42 = 273
2 2
71. If the nth term of a sequence is 3 - 2n. Find the sum 73. The sum of first n terms of an AP is 5n - n2 . Find the
of fifteen terms. nth term of the AP.
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014]
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
term be an and sum of n term be Sn term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
Here, an = 3 - 2n We have, Sn = 5n - n2
Taking n = 1, a1 = 3 - 2 = 1 Now, nth term of AP,
15th term, a15 = 3 - 2 # 15 = 3 - 30 = - 27 a n = Sn - Sn - 1
Now Sn = n â1 + an h = ^5n - n2h - 85 ^n - 1h - ^n - 1h2B
2
S15 = 15 (a1 + a15) = 5n - n2 - 85n - 5 - ^n2 + 1 - 2n hB
2
= 5n - n2 - ^5n - 5 - n2 - 1 + 2n h
= 15 61 + ^- 27h@
2 = 5n - n2 - 7n + 6 + n2
= 15 6- 26@ = - 2n + 6
2
= 15 # ^- 13h = - 195 an = - 2 ^n - 3h
Thus n term is = - 2 ^n - 3h
th
PRACTICE
 If the nth term of an AP is 7 - 3n, find the sum of 74. The first and last term of an AP are 5 and 45
twenty five terms. respectively. If the sum of all its terms is 400, find its
[Board Term-2 2012] common difference.
Ans : - 800 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
72. The nth term of an AP is given by ^- 4n + 15h . Find We have a = 5, an = 45
the sum of first 20 terms of this AP.
Now 45 = 5 + ^n - 1h d
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th ^n - 1h d = 40 ...(1)

term be an and sum of n term be Sn . Given, Sn = 400
We have an = - 4n + 15 Now Sn = n â + an h
2
a1 = - 4 # 1 + 15 = 11
n
400 = ^5 + 45h
a2 = - 4 # 2 + 15 = 7 2
a3 = - 4 # 3 + 15 = 3 800 = 50n
d = a2 - a1 = 7 - 11 = - 4 n = 16
Now, we have a = 11, d = - 4 Substituting this value of n in (1) we have
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB ^n - 1h d = 40
2
15d = 40
20
S20 = 62 # 11 + ^20 - 1h # ^- 4h@
2
d = 40 = 8
= 10 622 - 76@ = 10 # ^- 54h = - 540 15 3
Thus S20 = - 540 . 75. If the sum of the first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that
of the first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of its first
PRACTICE n terms.
 Find the sum of first 24 terms of an AP whose nth Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2012]
term is given by an = 3 + 2n. Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
[Board Term-2 OD Comptt. 2017] term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
Ans : 672
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB n = 36 + 1 = 37
2
Hence, required numbers divisible by 8 is 37.
Now S7 = 7 ^2a + 6d h = 49
2 78. The fifth term of an AP is 26 and its 10th term is 51.
a + 3d = 7 ...(1) Find the AP
and S17 = 17 ^2a + 16d h = 289 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
2
a + 8d = 17 n th term be an .
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get a5 = a + 4d = 26 ...(1)
5d = 10 & d = 2 a10 = a + 9d = 51 ...(2)
Substituting this value of d in (1) we have Subtracting (1) from (2) we have
a =1 5d = 25 & d = 5
Now Sn = n 62 # 1 + ^n - 1h 2@ Substituting this value of d in equation (1)
2
we get a = 6 .
n
= 62 + 2n - 2@ = n2
2 Hence, the AP is 6, 11, 16, ....
Hence, sum of n terms is n2 . 79. Find the AP whose third term is 5 and seventh term
is 9.
76. Which term of the AP 3, 12, 21, 30, ..... will be 90 more
than its 50th term. Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]

Sol : [Board Term-2 Compt. 2017]
n th term be an .
n th term be an . Now a3 = a + 2d = 5 ...(1)
We have a = 3, d = 9 and a7 = a + 6d = 9 ...(2)
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d Subtracting (2) from (1) we have
a50 = 3 + 49 # 9 = 444 4d = 4 & d = 1
Now, an - a50 = 90 Substituting this value of d in (1) we get
3 + ^n - 1h 9 - 444 = 90 a =3
^n - 1h 9 = 90 + 441 Hence AP is 3, 4, 5, 6, ......

531
^n - 1h = 9 = 49 80. Find whether - 150 is a term of the AP 11, 8, 5, 2, ....
n = 49 + 1 = 50 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]

77. Find how many integers between 200 and 500 are n th term be an .
divisible by 8.
Let the nth term of given AP 11, 8, 5, 2, .... be - 150
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017] Hence a = 11, d = 8 - 11 = - 3 and an = - 150
Number divisible by 8 are 208, 2016, 224, .... 496. It a + ^n - 1h d = an
is an AP
11 + ^n - 1h^- 3h = - 150
n th term be an . ^n - 1h^- 3h = - 161
- 161 2
We have a = 208, d = 8 and an = 496 ^n - 1h = - 3 = 53 3
Now a + ^n - 1h d = an
which is not a whole number. Hence - 150 is not a
208 + ^n - 1h d = 496 term of given AP.
^n - 1h 8 = 496 - 208 81. If seven times the 7th term of an AP is equal to eleven
times the 11th term, then what will be its 18th term.
n - 1 = 288 = 36
8
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and 264 = 12 + (n - 1) 4

n th term be an .
n = 264 - 12 + 1
7a7 = 11a11 4
Hence, there are 64 multiples of 4 that lie between 11
Now 7 â + 6d h = 11 â + 10d h
and 266.
7a + 42d = 11a + 110d
11a - 7a = 42d - 110d THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
, 4a = - 68d
4a + 68d = 0 84. The sum of four consecutive number in AP is 32 and
4 â + 17d h = 0 the ratio of the product of the first and last term to
the product of two middle terms is 7 : 15. Find the
a + 17d = 0 numbers.
Hence, a18 = 0 Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard, 2018]
Let the four consecutive terms of AP be (a - 3d),

82. In an AP of 50 terms, the sum of the first 10 terms
(a - d), (a + d) and (a + 3d).
is 210 and the sum of its last 15 terms is 2565. Find
the AP. As per question statement we have
a - 3d + a - d + a + d + a + 3d = 32
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th 4a = 32 & a = 8

term be an and sum of n term be Sn . (a - 3d) (a + 3d)
and = 7
S10 = 210 (a - d) (a + d) 15
a2 - 9d2 = 7
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB a2 - d2 15
2
64 - 9d2 = 7
210 = 10 ^2a + 9d h 64 - d2 15
2
960 - 135d2 = 448 - 7d2
42 = 2a + 9d (1)
7d2 - 135d2 = 448 - 960
Now a36 = a + 35d
- 128d2 = - 512
a50 = a + 49d
d2 = 4 & d = ! 2
Sum of last 15 terms,
Hence, the number are 2, 6, 10 and 14 or 14, 10, 6
S36 - 50 = n (a36 + a50) and 2.
2
15
2565 = â + 35d + a + 49d h 85. The sum of the first 7 terms of an AP is 63 and that
2 of its next 7 terms is 161. Find the AP.
1
171 = ^2a + 84d h
2 Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
171 = a + 42d (2) We have S7 = 63
Solving (1) and (2) we get a = 3 and d = 4 Now Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d]

2
Hence, AP is 3, 7, 11, ..... 7
63 = [2a + 6d]
2
83. How many multiples of 4 lie between 11 and 266? 9 = a + 3d ...(1)
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] Now, sum of next 7 terms,
First multiple of 4 is 12 and last multiple of 4 is 264. S8 - 14 = 161
It forms a AP. Let multiples of 4 be n.
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n S8 - 14 = 7 (a8 + a14)
2
th term be an .
161 = 7 (a + 7d + a + 13d)
Here, a = 12, an = 264, d = 4 2
an = a + ^n - 1h d 7
161 = (2a + 20d)
2
88. Show that the sum of all terms of an AP whose first

23 = a + 10d ...(2) term is a , the second term is b and last term is c , is
Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we have (a + c) (b + c - 2a)
equal to
2 (b - a)
14 = 7d & d = 2
Substituting the value of d in (1), we get
Given, first term, A =a
a =3
and second term A2 = b
Hence, the AP is 3, 5, 7, 9, ....
Common difference, D = b-a
86. Which term of the AP 20, 19 1 , 18 1 , 17 3 , ... is the Last term, An = c
4 2 4
first negative term. A + (n - 1) d = c
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] a + (n - 1) (b - a) = c
Here, a = 20 (b - a) (n - 1) = c - a
and d = 77 - 20 = - 3 n-1 =c-a
4 4 b-a
Let an is the first negative term, thus an < 0 .
n =c-a +1 =c-a+b-a
Now an = a + (n - 1) d b-a b-a
n = b + c - 2 a
20 + (n - 1) b- 3 l < 0 b-a
4
Now sum of all terms
80 - 3n + 3 < 0
(b + c - 2a)
83 - 3n < 0 S n = n [A + A n ] = [a + c]
2 2 (b - a)
n > 83 n > 27.6 =
(a + c) (b + c - 2a)
Hence Proved
3 2 (b - a)
n = 28 89. If in an AP, the sum of first m terms is n and the
Hence, the first negative term is 28th term. sum of its first n terms is m , then prove that the sum
of its first (m + n) terms is - (m + n).
PRACTICE
 Which term of an AP 150, 147, 144, ..... is its first
Let 1st term of series be a and common difference be
negative term?
d , then we have
[Board 2010]
Ans : 52nd term Sm = n
and Sn = m
m [2a + (m - 1) d] = n ...(1)
87. Find the middle term of the AP 7, 13, 19, ...., 247. 2
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] n [2a + (n - 1) d] = m ...(2)
2
In this AP, a =7 Subtracting we have
d = 13 - 7 = 6
a (m - n) + d [m (m - 1) - n (n - 1)] = n - m
2
an = a + (n - 1) d
2a (m - n) + d [m2 - n2 - (m - n)] = 2 (n - m)
247 = 7 + (n - 1) 6
2a (m - n) + d (m - n) [(m + n) - 1] = 2 (n - m)
6 (n - 1) = 240
2a + d [(m + n) - 1] = - 2
n - 1 = 40 & n = 41
Now, Sm + n = m + n [2a + (m + n - 1) d]
Hence, the middle term 2
n + 1 = 41 + 1 = 42 = 21. = m + n (- 2)
2 2 2 2
a21 = 7 + (21 - 1) 6 = 127 = - (m + n)
90. The 17 th term of an AP is 5 more than twice its 8 th PRACTICE
term. If 11 th term of AP is 43, then find its nth term.  How many terms of an AP 9, 17, 25, .... must be
taken to give a sum of 636?
Let a be the first term and d be the common
Ans : 12
difference.
nth term of an AP,
an = a + (n - 1) d 92. Find the 20th term of an AP whose 3rd term is 7 and
th
Since 17 term of an AP is 5 more than twice of its the seventh term exceeds three times the 3rd term by
8 th term, thus 2. Also find its nth term ân h .
a + (17 - 1) d = 5 + 2 [a + (8 - 1) d] Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
a + 16d = 5 + 2 (a + 7d) Let the first term be a , common difference be d and

n th term be an .
a + 16d = 5 + 2a + 14d
We have a3 = a + 2d = 7 (1)
2d - a = 5 ...(1)
a7 = 3a3 + 2
Since 11 th term of AP is 43,
a + 6d = 3 # 7 + 2 = 23 (2)
a + (11 - 1) d = 43
Solving (1) and (2) we have
a + 10d = 43 ...(2)
Solving equation (1) and (2), we have 4d = 16 & d = 4
a = 3 and d = 4 a + 8 = 7 & a =- 1
Hence, nth term would be a20 = a + 19d = - 1 + 19 # 4 = 75
an = 3 + (n - 1) 4 = 4n - 1 an = a + ^n - 1h d
91. How many terms of the AP 24, 21, 18, .... must be = - 1 + 4n - 4 = 4n - 5.
taken so that their sum is 78? th
Hence n term is 4n - 5 .
Given : 24, 21, 18, .......... are in AP. 93. If 7th term of an AP is 1 and 9th term is 1 , find 63rd
9 7
term.
Here, a = 24 , d = 21 - 24 = - 3
Sum of n term, Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d] Let the first term be a , common difference be d and
2
n th term be an .
78 = n [2 # 24 + (n - 1) (- 3)]
2
We have a7 = 1 & a + 6d = 1 (1)
9 9
156 = n (48 - 3n + 3)
156 = n (51 - 3n) a9 = 1 & a + 8d = 1 (2)
7 7
2
3n - 51n + 156 = 0 Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we get
n2 - 17n + 52 = 0 2d = 1 - 1 = 2 & d = 1
7 9 63 63
n2 - 13n - 4n + 52 = 0 Substituting the value of d in (2) we get
(n - 4) (n - 13) = 0 & n = 4, 13
a+8# 1 = 1
63 7
When n = 4 , S 4 = 4 [2 # 24 + (4 - 1) (- 3)]
2
a = 1 - 8 = 9-8 = 1
= 2 (48 - 9) = 2 # 39 = 78 7 63 63 63
Thus a63 = a + (63 - 1) d
When n = 13 , S13 = 13 [2 # 24 + (13 - 1) (- 3)]
2
= 1 + 62 # 1 = 1 + 62
13 63 63 63
= [48 + (- 36)] = 78
2 63
= =1
Hence, the number of terms n = 4 or n = 13 . 63
Hence, a63 = 1.
PRACTICE a + 2 ^2 h = 9 & a = 5
 If the 2nd term of an AP is 8 and the 5th term is So, AP is 5, 7, 9, 11, ...
17, find its 19th term.
[Board Term-2 2016] 96. Divide 56 in four parts in AP such that the ratio
Ans : 59 of the product of their extremes (1st and 4rd ) to the
product of means (2nd and 3rd ) is 5: 6.
 The 10th term of an AP is - 4 and its 22nd term Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
is - 16 . Find its 38th term. Let the four numbers be a - 3d, a - d, a + d, a + 3d

[Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017] Now a - 3d + a - d + a + d + a + 3d = 56
Ans : - 32 4a = 56 & a = 14
Hence numbers are 14 - 3d, 14 - d, 14 + d, 14 + 3d
94. The ninth term of an AP is equal to seven Now, according to question, we have
times the second term and twelfth term exceeds five ^14 - 3d h^14 + 3d h
times the third term by 2. Find the first term and the =5
^14 - d h^14 + d h 6
common difference.
196 - 9d2 =5
Sol : [Board 2008, 2010] 196 - d2 6
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and 6 ^196 - 9d2h = 5 ^196 - d2h
n th term be an . 6 # 196 - 54d2 = 5 # 196 - 5d2
Now a9 = 7a2 ^6 - 5h # 196 = 49d
2
a + 8d = 7 â + d h d2 = 196 = 4
49
a + 8d = 7a + 7d
d =! 2
- 6a + d = 0 (1) Thus numbers are a - 3d = 14 - 3 # 2 = 8
and a12 = 5a3 + 2 a - d = 14 - 2 = 12
a + 11d = 5 â + 2d h + 2 a + d = 14 + 2 = 16
a + 11d = 5a + 10d + 2 a + 3d = 14 + 3 # 2 = 20
- 4a + d = 2 ...(2) Thus required AP is 8, 12, 16, 20.
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
97. An AP has p th , q th and r th terms as a, b and c respectively,
- 2a = - 2 & a = 1 Show that a ^q - r h + b ^r - p h + c ^p - q h = 0.
Substituting this value of a in equation (1) we get Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
-6 + d = 0 & d = 6 Let the first term be A and the common difference
Hence first term is 1 and common difference is 6. be D .
a = A + ^p - 1h D
95. Determine an AP whose third term is 9 and when
fifth term is subtracted from 8th term, we get 6. b = A + ^q - 1h D
Sol : [Board Term-2 2015] c = A + ^r - 1h D
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and Now a ^q - r h = 8A + ^p - 1h DB6q - r @
n th term be an .
b ^r - p h = 8A + ^q - 1h DB6r - p@
We have a3 = 9
and c 6p - q @ = 8A + ^r - 1h DB6p - q@
a + 2d = 9 ...(1)
a ^q - r h + b ^r - p h + c ^p - q h
and a8 - a5 = 6
= 8A + ^p - 1h DB6q - r @ +
â + 7d h - â + 4d h = 6
+ 8A + ^q - 1h DB6r - p@ +
3d = 6 & d = 2
+ 8A + ^r - 1h DB6p - q@ +
Substituting this value of d in (1), we get
= A 6p - q + q - p + q - r @ + For 1st AP, a = 63 , d = 2

+ D (p - 1) (q - r) + For 2nd AP, A = 3, D = 7
+ D (q - 1) (r - p) + Since n th term is same,
+ D (r - 1) (p - q) an = An
= A 60@ + a + ^n - 1h d = A + ^n - 1h D
+ D [p ^q - r h - (q - r)] 63 + ^n - 1h 2 = 3 + ^n - 1h 7
+ D [q (r - p) - ^r - p h] 63 + 2n - 2 = 3 + 7n - 7
+ D [r ^p - q h - ^p - q h] 61 + 2n = 7n - 4
= D [p (q - r) + q (r - p) + r (p - q)] + 65 = 5n & n = 13
- D [(q - r) + (r - p) + (p - q)] When n is 13, the nth terms are equal i.e., a13 = A13
= D [pq - pr + qr - qp + rp - rq] + 0
100. The sum of first n terms of three arithmetic
= D [0] = 0 progressions are S1, S2 and S3 respectively. The first
term of each AP is 1 and common differences are 1, 2
98. The sum of n terms of an AP is 3n2 + 5n. Find the and 3 respectively. Prove that S1 + S3 = 2S2 .
AP. Hence find its 15th term.
Sol : [Board Term-2 2013, 2012]
Let the first term be a , common difference be term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
d , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn
We have S1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... n
Now Sn = 3n2 + 5n
S2 = 1 + 3 + 5 + ..... up to n terms
Sn - 1 = 3 ^n - 1h2 + 5 ^n - 1h
S3 = 1 + 4 + 7 + ..... upto n terms
= 3 ^n2 + 1 - 2n h + 5n - 5
n ^n + 1h
= 3n2 + 3 - 6n + 5n - 5 Now Sn =
2
= 3n2 - n - 2 S2 = n 62 + ^n - 1h 2@ = n 62n@ = n2
2 2
a n = Sn - Sn - 1
n ^3n - 1h
= 3n2 + 5n - ^3n2 - n - 2h and S3 = n 62 + ^n - 1h 3@ =
2 2
= 6n + 2 n ^n + 1h n ^3n - 1h
Now, S1 + S3 = +
2 2
Thus AP is 8, 14, 20, .......
n 6n + 1 + 3n - 1@ n 64n@
Now a15 = a + 14d = 8 + 14 ^6 h = 92 = =
2 2
PRACTICE = 2n2 = 2s2 Hence Proved
 The sum of first n terms of an AP is given by
101. If Sn denotes, the sum of the first n terms of an AP
Sn = 3n2 - 4n . Determine the AP and the 12th
prove that S12 = 3 ^S8 - S 4h .
term.
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2014, 2012] Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
Ans : - 1, 5, 11, ....; 65 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
99. For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs 63, 2
65, 67, ... and 3, 10, 17, .... equal? S12 = 6 62a + 11d @ = 12a + 66d
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] S8 = 4 62a + 7d @ = 8a + 28d
st
Let a, d and A, D be the 1 term and common S 4 = 2 62a + 3d @ = 4a + 6d
difference of the 2 APs respectively.
3 ^S8 - S 4h = 3 8^8a + 28d h - ^4a + 6d hB
n is same
= 3 64a + 22d @ = 12a + 66d term be an and sum of n term be Sn .

= 6 62a + 11d @ = S12 Hence Proved Sum of n terms, Sn = 1 63n2 + 7n@
2
102. The 14th term of an AP is twice its 8th term. If the Sum of n - 1 terms,
6th term is - 8, then find the sum of its first 20 terms.
Sn - 1 = 1 63 (n - 1) 2 + 7 (n - 1)@
2
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Now n th term,

term be an and sum of n term be Sn . an = Sn - Sn - 1
Here, a14 = 2a8 and a6 = - 8
= 1 63n2 + 7n@ - 1 63 (n - 1) 2 + 7 (n - 1)@
Now a + 13d = 2 â + 7d h 2 2
a + 13d = 2a + 14d = 1 63n2 - 3 (n2 - 2n + 1) + 7n - 7 (n - 1)@

2
a =- d ...(1) 1
= 6- 3 (- 2n + 1) - 7 (- 1)@
2
and a6 = - 8 1
= 66n - 3 + 7@
2
a + 5d = - 8 ...(2) = 3n + 2
Solving (1) and (2), we get Thus nth term, an = 3n + 2
a = 2, d = - 2 Now 20th term a20 = 3 # 20 + 2 = 62
Now S20 = 20 62 # 2 + ^20 - 1h^- 2h@
2 PRACTICE
= 10 64 + 19 # ^- 2h@ 2
 In an AP the sum of first n terms is 3n + 13n .
2 2
= 10 ^4 - 38h Find the 25th term.
= 10 # ^- 34h = - 340 [Board Term-2 SQP 2015]
Ans : 80
103. If the ratio of the sums of first n terms of two AP’s
is ^7n + 1h: ^4n + 27h , find the ratio of their mth terms.
105. In an AP, if the 12th term is - 13 and the sum of
its first four terms is 24, find the sum of its first ten
Let a, and A be the first term and d and D be the terms.
common difference of two AP’s, then we have
Sn = 7n + 1 Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
S n' 4n + 27 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

2 82a + ^n - 1h d B
n term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
= 7n + 1 a12 = a + 11d = - 13
28 + ^ - h B 4n + 27 ...(1)
n
2 A n 1 D
2a + ^n - 1h d Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
= 7n + 1 2
2A + ^n - 1h D 4n + 27
a + ^ n -2 1 h d Now S 4 = 2 62a + 3d @ = 24
= 7n + 1
A + ^ n -2 1 h D 4n + 27 2a + 3d = 12 ...(2)
Substituting n - 1 = m - 1 or n = 2m - 1 we get Multiplying (1) by 2 and subtracting (2) from it we
2
get
a + ^m - 1h d 7 ^2m - 1h + 1
= = 14m - 6 ^2a + 22d h - ^2a + 3d h = - 26 - 12
A + ^m - 1h D 4 ^2m - 1h + 27 8m + 23
19d = - 38
Hence, am = 14m - 6
Am 8m + 23 d =- 2
104. If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 12 63n2 + 7n@, Substituting the value of d in (1) we get
then find its nth term. Hence write its 20th term. a + 11 # - 2 = - 13
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] a = - 13 + 22
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th a =9
Now, Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB Now an = a + ^n - 1h d

2
- 10 = 100 + ^n - 1h^- 2h
S10 = 10 ^2 # 9 + 9 # - 2h
2 - 10 = 100 - 2n + 2
= 5 # ^18 - 18h = 0 2n = 112
Hence, S10 = 0 n = 56
th
PRACTICE Thus 56 term is - 10 and number of terms in AP
are 56.
 The tenth term of an AP, is - 37 and the sum of
its first six terms is - 27 . Find the sum of its first Now Sn = n â + 1h
2
eight terms.
[Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] S56 = 56 ^100 - 10h
2
Ans : - 76
= 56 ^90h = 56 # 45 = 2520
2
Thus Sn = 2520
106. Find the sum of first seventeen terms of AP whose 4th
and 9th terms are - 15 and - 30 respectively. 108. The 13th term of an AP is four times its 3rd term. If
the fifth term is 16, then find the sum of its first ten
terms.
n th term be an . Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
Now a 4 = a + 3d = - 15 ...(1) Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

a9 = a + 8d = - 30 ...(2)
Here a13 = 4a3
Subtracting eqn (1) from eqn (2), we obtain
a + 12d = 4 â + 2d h
â + 8d h - â + 3d h = - 30 - ^- 15h 3a = 4d ...(1)
5d = - 15 & d = - 15 = - 3 and a5 = 16
5
Substituting the value of d in (1) we get a + 4d = 16 ...(2)
a + 3d = - 15 Substituting the value of a = 4 d in (2) we have
3
a + 3 ^- 3h = - 15 4 d + 4d = 16
a = - 15 + 9 = - 6 3
16d = 48 & d = 3
Now S17 = 17 62 # ^- 6h + ^17 - 1h^- 3h@
2 Thus a = 4 and d = 3
= 17 6-- 12 + 16 # ^- 3h@ Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2 2
= 17 6- 12 - 48@ S10 = 10 62 # 4 + ^10 - 1h 3@
2 2
= 17 6- 60@ = 17 # ^- 30h = 5 68 + 27@ = 5 # 35 = 175
2
= - 510 Thus S10 = 175
Thus S17 = - 510 . PRACTICE
107. The common difference of an AP is - 2 . Find its sum,  The 16th term of an AP is five times its third
if first term is 100 and last term is - 10 . term. If its 10th term is 41, then find the sum of
its first fifteen terms.
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Ans : 495
We have a = 100, d = - 2, tn = - 10
109. The sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 63 and sum of its The given series can be written as sum of two series
next 7 terms is 161. Find 28th term of AP. ^5 + 9 + 13 + .... + 81h +
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014] + ^- 41h + ^- 39h + ^- 37h + ^- 35h ... ^- 5h + ^- 3h
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th For the series ^5 + 9 + 13 .....81h
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . a = 5 , d = 4 and an = 81
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB Now an = a + ^n - 1h d
2
Now, S7 = 63 81 = 5 + ^n - 1h 4
7 2a + 6d = 63 81 = 5 + ^n - 1h 4
26 @
^n - 1h 4 = 76 & n = 20
2a + 6d = 18 ...(1)
Sn = 20 ^5 + 81h = 860
Also, sum of next 7 terms, 2
S14 = S first7 + Snext7 = 63 + 161 For series ^- 41h + ^- 39h + ^- 37h + ... + ^- 5h + ^- 3h
14 2a + 13d = 224 an = - 3 , a = - 41 and d = 2
26 @
an = - 41 + ^n - 1h^2 h
2a + 13d = 32 (2)
- 3 = - 41 + 2n - 2 & n = 20
Subtracting equation (1) form (2) we get
7d = 14 & d = 2 Now Sn = 20 6- 41 + - 3@ = - 440
2
Substituting the value of d in (1) we get Sum of the series = 860 - 440 = 420
a =3
112. Find the number of multiple of 9 lying between 300
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d and 700.
a28 = 3 + 2 # ^27h Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
= 57 The numbers, multiple of 9 between 300 and 700 are
th
Thus 28 term is 57. 306, 315, 324, .... 693.
110. Find the sum of all two digit natural numbers which n th term be an = 693
are divisible by 4.
an = 306 + ^n - 1h 9
Sol :
693 = 306 + ^n - 1h 9
[Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
First two digit multiple of 4 is 12 and last is 96

So, a = 12, d = 4 . Let nth term be last term an = 96 ^n - 1h 9 = 693 - 306 = 387
Now a + ^n - 1h d = an n - 1 = 387 = 43
9
12 + ^n - 1h 4 = 96 n = 43 + 1 = 44
^n - 1h 4 = 96 - 12 = 84 Hence there are 44 terms.

n - 1 = 21 113. If the sum of the first 14 terms of an AP is 1050 and
n = 21 + 1 = 22 its first term is 10 find it 20th term.
Now, S22 = 22 612 + 96@ Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]

2 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
= 11 # 108 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
= 1188 We have a = 10, and S14 = 1050
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
111. Find the sum of the following series. 2
5 + ^- 41h + 9 + ^- 39h + 13 + ^- 37h + 17 + .... + S14 = 14 82 # 10 + ^14 - 1h dB
2
^- 5h + 81 + ^- 3h
1050 = 7 620 + 13d @
20 + 13d = 1050 = 150  Find the sum of all two digit natural numbers
7 which are divisible by 4.
13d = 130 & d = 10 [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
Ans : 1188
a20 = a + ^n - 1h d
= 10 + 19 # 10 = 200
 Find the sum of the two digits numbers divisible
Hence a20 = 200
by 6.
114. If the tenth term of an AP is 52 and the 17th term is [Board Term-2 2013]
20 more than the 13th term, find AP Ans : 810
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and  Find the sum of all two digits odd positive
n th term be an . numbers.
Now a10 = 52 [Board Term-2 2014]
Ans : 2475
a + 9d = 52 ...(1)
Also a17 - a13 = 20
a + 16d - â + 12d h = 20 116. If mth term of an AP is 1 and nth term is 1 find the
n m
sum of first mn terms.
4d = 20
d =5
Substituting this valued d in (1), we get term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
a =7 Now am = a + ^m - 1h d = 1 ...(1)
n
Hence AP is 7, 12, 17, 22, ...
an = a + ^n - 1h d = 1 ...(2)
m
115. Find the sum of all odd number between 0 and 50. Subtracting (2) from (1) we get
Sol : 1 1 m-n
^m - n h d = n - m = mn

term be an and sum of n term be Sn . d = 1
mn
Given AP is 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ..... + 49
Let total number of terms be n. Here a = 1, d = 2 Substituting this value of d in equation (1), we get
and an = 49 . a = 1
mn
an = 1 + ^n - 1h # 2
Now, Smn = mn b 2 + ^mn - 1h 1 l
49 = 1 + 2n - 2 2 mn mn
50 = 2n & n = 25 = 1 + mn - 1 = 1 + mn
2 2 2 2
Now S25 = n â + an h
2 = 1 6mn + 1@
2
= 25 ^1 + 49h Hence, the sum of mn term is 12 6mn + 1@ .
2
= 25 # 25 = 625 PRACTICE
Hence, Sum of odd number is 625.  If the pth term of an AP is q1 and qth term is p1 .
Prove that the sum of first pq term of the AP is
PRACTICE 1
2 (pq + 1).
 Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200 [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]
that are divisible by 6. Ans : Proof
[Board Term-2 2012]
Ans : 2550 117. Find the number of natural numbers between 101 and
999 which are divisible by both 2 and 5. 896 = n - 1

7
n = 128 + 1 = 129
The sequence goes like 110, 120, 130, ......... 990
Since they have a common difference of 10, they form Hence, 129 numbers are divided by 7 which leaves
an AP. Let the first term be a , common difference be remainder is 3.
d , n th term be an . PRACTICE
Here a = 110, an = 990, d = 10
 How many three digit natural numbers are
an = a + ^n - 1h d divisible by 7?
990 = 110 + ^n - 1h # 10 [Board Term-2 2013]
Ans :
990 - 110 = 10 ^n - 1h
880 = 10 ^n - 1h
88 = n - 1 120. Prove that the nth term of an AP can not be n2 + 1.
Justify your answer.
n = 88 + 1 = 89
Hence, there are 89 terms between 101 and 999
divisible by both 2 and 5. Let nth term of AP,
an = n 2 + 1
118. If the ratio of the 11th term of an AP to its 18th term
is 2 : 3, find the ratio of the sum of the first five term Substituting the value of n = 1, 2, 3, ..... we get
of the sum of its first 10 terms. a1 = 12 + 1 = 2
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017] a2 = 22 + 1 = 5
Let the first term be a , common difference be a3 = 32 + 1 = 10
a11 = a + 10d = 2 The obtained sequence is 2, 5, 10, 17,......
Now
a18 a + 17d 3 Its common difference
2 â + 17d h = 3 â + 10d h a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 = a 4 - a3
a = 4d ...(1) 5-2 =
Y 10 - 5 =
Y 17 - 10
^2a + 4d h â + 2d h
5
S5 2 3 =
Y 5=
Y 7
Now, = =
S10 62a + 9d @ 62a + 9d @
10
2
Since the sequence has no. common difference, n2 + 1
Substituting the value a = 4d we have is not a form of nth term of an AP
= 4d + 2d = 6
S5
or,
S10 8d + 9d 17
Hence S5 : S10 = 6: 17
119. How many three digit numbers are such that when 121. If the sum of first four terms of an AP is 40 and that
divided by 7, leave a remainder 3 in each case? of first 14 terms is 280. Find the sum of its first n
terms.
When a three digit number divided by 7 and leave 3 Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
as remainder are 101, 108, 115, ..... 997 Let a be the first term and d be the common difference.
These are in AP. Let the first term be a , common Sum of n terms of an AP,
difference be d , n th term be an . Sn = n 62a + ^n - 1h d @
2
Here a = 101, d = 7, an = 997
Now S 4 = 40 and S14 = 280
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d
26 ^ h @
4 2a + 4 - 1 d = 40
997 = 101 + ^n - 1h 7
997 - 101 = 896 = ^n - 1h 7 2 62a + 3d @ = 40
2a + 3d = 20 (1) Common difference,
26 ^ h @
and 14 2a + 14 - 1 d = 280 d = a2 - a1
7 62a + 13d @ = 280 = 3-a -1 = 3-a-3

3a a 3a
2a + 13d = 40 (2) = - a = - 1
3a 3
Solving equations (1) and (2), we get
Here, common difference d of given AP is - 1 .
a = 7 and d = 2 3
Now Sn = n 62 # 7 + ^n - 1h 2@ 124. Which term of the Arithmetic Progression

2 - 7, - 12, - 17, - 22, ... will be - 82 ? Is - 100 any
= n 614 + 2n - 2@ term of the AP ? Given reason for your answer.
2
= n ^12 + 2n h = 6n + n2 Given AP is - 7, - 12, - 17, - 22, ...
2
Hence, sum of n terms is 6n + n2 . Here,
First term, a1 = - 7
122. The first term of an AP is 3, the last term is 83 and
the sum of all its terms is 903. Find the number of Second term a2 = - 12
terms and the common difference of the AP. Third term, a3 = - 17
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi] Common difference,
First term, a =3
d = a2 - a1 = - 12 - ^- 7h
Last term, an = 83
= - 12 + 7 = - 5
Sum of n terms, Sn = 903
d =- 5
Since, Sn = n â + an h Let an be the n th
term of AP and it will be - 82 .
2
Since, an = a1 + ^n - 1h d
903 = n ^3 + 83h
2 - 82 = - 7 + ^n - 1h^- 5h
1806 = 86n
- 82 = - 7 - 5 ^n - 1h
n = 1806 & n = 21 82 = 5n + 2
86
Now Sn = 62a + `n - 1j d @
n 5n = 80 & n = 16
2
th
Hence, 16 term of AP is - 82 . Since, these numbers
903 = 62 # 3 + ^21 - 1h d @
21
are not factor of 5, hence - 100 will not be a term in
2
the given AP.
1806 = 21 ^6 + 20d h
6 + 20d = 86 125. How many terms of the Arithmetic Progression 45,
39, 33, ... must be taken so that their sum is 180?
20d = 80 & d = 4 Explain the double answer.
Hence, the common difference is 4.
123. Find the common difference of the Arithmetic Given AP is 45, 39, 33, ...
Progression (AP) 1 , 3 - a , 3 - 2a , ... (a ! 0) Here, a = 45 , d = 39 - 45 = - 6 and Sn = 180
a 3a 3a
Sol : [Board 2019 OD] Now Sn = n 62a + ^n - 1h d @
1 3 - a 3 - 2a 2
Given AP is , , , ... ...(a ! 0)
a 3a 3a 180 = 62 # 45 + ^n - 1h^- 6h@
n
2
Here, first term, a1 = 1 360 = n ^90 - 6n + 6h
a
Second term, a2 = 3 - a 360 = n ^96 - 6n h
3a
60 = n ^16 - n h
Third term, a3 = - 2a
3
3a
n2 - 16n + 60 = 0 d2 = 4
n2 - 6n - 10n + 60 = 0 d =! 2
n ^n - 6h - 10 ^n - 6h = 0 The numbers are 2, 4, 6 or 6, 4,2
^n - 10h^n - 6h = 0
127. Find the value of a, b and c such that the numbers
n = 10 or n = 6
a, 7, b, 23 and c are in AP.
Hence, 10 terms or 6 terms can be taken to get the
sum of AP as 180. Sol : [Board Term-2 2015]
Now, sum of 6 terms, Let the common difference be d .

Since a, 7, b, 23 and c are in AP, we have
S6 = 6 62 # 45 + ^6 - 1h^- 6h@
2 a+d = 7
= 3 ^90 - 30h ..(1)
= 3 # 60 = 180 Hence, verified. a + 3d = 23 ...(2)
and sum of 10 terms, Form equation (1) and (2), we get
S10 = 10 62 # 45 + ^10 - 1h^- 6h@ a = - 1, d = 8
2
= 5 ^90 - 54h b = a + 2d = - 1 + 2 # 8 = - 1 + 16 = 15
= 5 # 36 = 180 Hence, verified. c = a + 4d = - 1 + 4 # 8 = - 1 + 32 = 31
Here we have two values of n because d is negative. Thus a = - 1, b = 15, c = 31
There will be negative terms after some positive
terms. Thus first 6 term will give sum 180 and after 128. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an AP, prove
10 term it will be again 180 because negative term that, S30 = 3 ^S20 - S10h
cancel positive term. Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015, Foreign 2014]
Series will be : 45, 39, 33, 27, 21, 15, 9, 3, - 3 , - 9 ... Let the first term be a , and common difference be d .
Here it may be easily seen that sum of initial 6 terms
is 180. Sum of next 4 terms is zero. Thus sum of 10 Now S30 = 30 ^2a + 29d h ...(1)
2
terms is also 180.
= 15 ^2a + 29d h
PRACTICE 3 ^S20 - S10h = 3 810 ^2a + 19d h - 5 ^2a + 9d hB
 How many terms of the AP - 6, 112 , - 5, ..... are = 3 620a + 190d - 10a - 45d @
needed to given the sum - 25 ? Explain the double
answer. = 3 610a + 145d @
[Board Term-2 2012] = 15 62a + 29d @ ...(2)
Ans : 5, 20
Hence S30 = 3 ^S20 - S10h
129. The sum of first 20 terms of an AP is 400 and sum

126. The sum of three numbers in AP is 12 and sum of of first 40 terms is 1600. Find the sum of its first 10
their cubes is 288. Find the numbers. terms.
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] Sol : [Board Term-2 2015]
Let the three numbers in AP be a - d, a, a + d. Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
a - d + a + a + d = 12 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
3a = 12 We know Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
a =4
Now S20 = 20 ^2a + 19d h
2
Also, ^4 - d h3 + 4 + ^4 + d h3 = 288
3
64 - 48d + 12d2 - d3 + 64 + 64 + 48d + 12d2 + d3 400 = 20 ^2a + 19d h

2
= 288 400 = 10 62a + 19d @
2
24d + 192 = 288 2a + 19d = 40 (1)
Also, S 40 = 40 ^2a + 39d h and a51 = 8 + 50 # 2 = 8 + 100 = 108

2
Sum of last 10 terms,
1600 = 20 62a + 39d @
2a + 39d = 80 (2) S51 - 60 = n (a51 + a60)
2
Solving equation (1) and (2), we get a = 1 and d = 2 . 10
= (108 + 126)
2
Now S10 = 10 62 # 1 + ^10 - 1h^2 h@ = 5 # 234 = 1170
2
= 5 62 + 9 # 2@ Hence sum of last 10 terms is 1170.
= 5 62 + 18@ 132. An arithmetic progression 5, 12, 19, ..... has 50 terms.
= 5 # 20 = 100 Find its last term. Hence find the sum of its last 15
terms.
130. Find b 4 - 1 l + b7 - 2 l + b10 - 3 l + ..... upto n Sol :
n n n [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
terms. Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
Sol : [Board Term-2 2015] term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
Let sum of n term be Sn , then we have We have a = 5 , d = 12 - 5 = 7 and n = 50
sn = b 4 - 1 l + b7 - 2 l + b 40 - 3 l + ..... upto n terms. a50 = 5 + ^50 - 1h 7
n n n
= 5 + 49 # 7 = 348
= ^4 + 7 + 10 + ..... + n termsh - b 1 + 2 + 3 ..... + 1l
n n n
Also the first term of the AP of last 15 terms be a36
1
= ^4 + 7 + 10 + .... + n termsh - ^1 + 2 + 3 + ...n h
n a36 = 5 + 35 # 7
= n 62 # 4 + ^n - 1h^3 h@ - 1 # n 62 # 1 + ^n - 1h^1 h@ = 5 + 245 = 250

2 n 2
Now, sum of last 15 terms,
= n 68 + 3n - 3@ - 1 62 + n - 1@
2 2
S36 - 50 = 15 6a36 + a50@
2
= n ^3n + 5h - 1 ^n + 1h
2 2
= 15 6250 + 348@
2 2
= 3n + 5n - n - 1
2 = 15 # 598 = 4485
2 2
= 3n + 4n - 1
2 Hence, sum of last 15 terms is 4485.
PRACTICE
133. If the sum of first n term of an AP is given by
 Find the sum of n terms of the series Sn = 3n2 + 4n. Determine the AP and the nth term.
1 2 3
b 4 - n l + b 4 - n l + b 4 - n l + ....... Sol : [Board Term-2 2014]
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
Ans : 1
2 (7n - 1) term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
We have Sn = 3n2 + 4n.
a1 = 3 ^1 h2 + 4 ^1 h = 7
131. Find the 60th term of the AP 8, 10, 12, ...., if it has a
total of 60 terms and hence find the sum of its last a1 + a2 = S2 = 3 ^2 h2 + 4 ^2 h
10 terms. = 12 + 8 = 20
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] a2 = S2 - S1 = 20 - 7 = 13
Let the first term be a , common difference be
a + d = 13
We have a = 8, d = 10 - 8 = 2 or, 7 + d = 13
an = a + ^n - 1h d Thus d = 13 - 7 = 6
Now a60 = 8 + ^60 - 1h 2 = 8 + 59 # 2 = 126 Hence AP is 7, 13, 19, .......
Now, an = a + ^n - 1h d 2ma + m ^m - 1h d = 2na + n ^n - 1h d

= 7 + ^n - 1h^6 h 2a ^m - n h + [^m2 - n2h - m + n] d = 0
= 7 + 6n - 6 = 6n + 1 2a ^m - n h + [^m - n h^m + n h - ^m - n h] d = 0
an = 6n + 1 ^m - n h82a + ^m + n - 1h dB = 0
134. The sum of the 3rd and 7th terms of an AP is 6 and

2a + ^m + n - 1h d = 0 6m - n = Y 0@
their product is 8. Find the sum of first 20 terms of Sm + n = m + n 82a + ^m + n - 1h dB
2
the AP.
= m+n #0 = 0
Let the first term be a , common difference be 136. If 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 ..... + n = 287, find the value of n.
Sol : [Board 2020 Std, Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
We have a 3 + a7 = 6
a + 2d + a + 6d = 6 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
a + 4d = 3 (1) We have a = 1, d = 3 and Sn = 287 .
and a 3 # a7 = 8 Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
â + 2d hâ + 6d h = 8 (2) n 2 1 + n - 1 3 = 287
26 # ^ h @
Substituting the value a = ^3 - 4d h in (2) we get
n 2 + 3n - 3 = 287
^3 - 4d + 2d h^3 - 4d + 6d h = 8 26 ^ h@
2
3n - n = 574
^3 + 2d h^3 - 2d h = 8
9 - 4d2 = 8 3n2 - n - 574 = 0
3n2 - 42n + 41n - 574 = 0
4d2 = 1 & d2 = 1 & d = ! 1
4 2 3n ^n - 14h + 41 ^n - 14h = 0
CASE 1 : Substituting d = 1 in equation (1), a = 1. ^n - 14h^3n + 41h = 0
2
n
S20 = 82a + ^n - 1h dB Since negative value is not possible, n = 14
2
a14 = a + ^n - 1h d
= 20 :2 + 19 D = 115 = 1 + 13 # 3 = 40
2 2
Thus d = 1 , a = 1 and S20 = 115 137. Find the number of terms of the AP
2
- 12, - 9, - 6, ........, 21. If 1 is added to each term of
CASE 2 : Substituting d = - 1 in equation (1) a = 5 this AP, then find the sum of all the terms of the AP
2
thus obtained.
S20 = 20 ;2 # 5 + 19 # b- 1 lE
2 2 Sol : [Board Term-2 2013]
19
= 10 :10 - D = 15 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
2 term be an and sum of n term be Sn
1
Thus d = - , a = 5 and S20 = 15
2 We have a = - 12, d = - 9 - ^- 12h = 3
135. If the sum of first m terms of an AP is same as the an = a + ^n - 1h d

sum of its first n terms ^m = Y n h, show that the sum 21 = - 12 + ^n - 1h # 3
of its first ^m + n h terms is zero.
21 + 12 = ^n - 1h # 3
Sol :
33 = ^n - 1h # 3
[Board Term-2 2012]

term be an , and sum of n term be Sn n - 1 = 11
Now Sm = Sn n = 11 + 1 = 12
m 2a + m - 1 d = n 2a + n - 1 d Now, if 1 is added to each term we have a new AP
28 ^ h B 28 ^ h B with - 12 + 1, - a + 1, - 6 + 1......21 + 1
Now we have a = - 11, d = 3 and an = 22 and n = 12 WORD PROBLEMS

Sum of this obtained AP,
S12 = 12 6- 11 + 22@ = 6 # 11 = 66 140. The sum of four consecutive numbers in an AP is 32

2
and the ratio of the product of the first and the last
Hence the sum of new AP is 66.
term to the product of two middle terms is 7:15. Find
138. If S1, S2, S3 be the sum of n, 2n , 3n terms respectively the numbers.
of an AP, prove that S3 = 3 ^S2 - S1h . Sol : [Board 2018]
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012 ] Let the four consecutive terms of AP be (a - 3d),
Let the first term be a , and common difference be d . (a - d), (a + d) and (a + 3d)
By given conditions
Now S1 = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2 a - 3d + a - d + d + a + 3d = 32
S2 = n 82a + ^2n - 1h dB
2
4a = 32 & a = 8
2
(a - 3d) (a + 3d)
S3 = 3n 82a + ^3n - 1h dB and = 7
2 (a - d) (a + d) 15
a2 - 9d2 = 7
3 ^S2 - S1h = 3 :2n 82a + ^2n - 1h dB - n 82a + ^n - 1h dBD a2 - d2 15
2 2
d2 =4
= 3 9n 84a + 2 ^2n - 1h dB - 82a + ^n - 1h dBC
2 d =! 2
= 3 9n ^4a + 4nd - 2d - 2a - nd + d hC Number are 2, 6, 10 and 14 or 14, 10, 6 and 2
2
n
= 3 9 ^2a + 3nd - d hC 141. The digit of a positive number of three digits are
2 in AP and their sum is 15. The number obtained
3 n 2a + ^3n - 1h dB = S3 by reversing the digits is 594 less then the original
2 8
=
number. Find the number.
139. An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the past Let these digit of 3 digit number be a - d, a, a + d
three terms is 429. Find the AP. Since their sum is 15,
Sol : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017] a - d + a + a + d = 15
Let the middle most terms of the AP be ^x - d h, x 3a = 15 & a = 5
and ^x + d h .
Required 3 digit number
We have x - d + x + x + d = 225
= 100 â - d h + 10a + a + d
3x = 225 & x = 75
= 100a - 100d + 10a + a + d
and the middle term = 37 + 1 = 19th term
2 = 111a - 99d
Thus AP is Number obtained by reversing digit,
^x - 18d h, .... ^x - 2d h, ^x - d h, x, ^x + d h, ^x + 2d h, ....... = 100 â + d h + 10a + a - d
^x - 18d h = 100a + 100d + 10a + a - d
Sum of last three terms, = 111a + 99d
^x + 18d h + ^x + 17d h + ^x + 16d h = 429 According the question, we have
3x + 51d = 429 111a + 99d = 111a - 99d - 594
, 225 + 51d = 429 & d = 4 2 # 99d = - 594 & d = - 3
First term a1 = x - 18d = 75 - 18 # 4 = 3 Thus number is
111a - 99d = 111 # 5 - 99 # - 3
a2 = 3 + 4 = 7
= 555 + 297 = 852
Hence AP = 3, 7, 11, ......., 147.
142. The minimum age of children to be eligible to when divided by 4 are: 103, 107, 111, ..... 999.
participate in a painting competition is 8 years. It Now, the first number a = 103 , last number an = 999
is observed that the age of youngest boy was 8 years and common difference d = 4
and the ages of rest of participants are having a Let the number of terms in this sequence be n.
common difference of 4 months. If the sum of ages of
an = a + ^n - 1h d
all the participants is 168 years, find the age of eldest
participant in the painting competition. 999 = 103 + ^n - 1h 4
Sol : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016] 896 = ^n - 1h 4
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th 896
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . ^n - 1h = 4 = 224
We have a = 8, d = 4 month = 13 years, Sn = 168 n = 224 + 1 = 225
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB Middle term = 225 + 1
2 2
168 = n :2 ^8h + ^n - 1h 1 D = 113th term
2 3
n2 + 47n - 1008 = 0 a113 = 103 + 112 # 4 = 551
n2 + 63n - 16n - 1008 = 0 and a112 = 551 - 4 = 547
^n - 16h^n + 63h = 0 Sum of first 112 terms,

Thus n = 16 or n = - 63 S112 = 112 (a + a112)
2
As n cannot be negative, we take n = 16
= 56 (103 + 547)
Age of the eldest participant = a + 15d = 13 years
= 56 # 650 = 36400
143. A thief runs with a uniform speed of 100 m/minute. and a114 = 551 + 4 = 555
After one minute a policeman runs after the thief to
The sum of last 112 terms,
catch him. He goes with a speed of 100/minute in the
first minute and increased his speed by 10 m/minute S114 - 225 = 112 â114 + a225h
2
every succeeding minute. After how many minutes the
policeman will catch the thief. = 56 (555 + 999)
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] = 56 # 1554 = 87024

Let total time to catch the thief be n minutes
PRACTICE
Total distance covered by thief will be 100n
 Find the middle term of the sequence formed by
Total distance covered by policeman,
all three-digit numbers which leave a remainder
= 100 + 110 + 120 + .... + ^n - 1h terms 5 when divided by 7. Also find the sum of all
100n = n - 1 6200 + ^n - 2h 10@ numbers on both sides of the middle term
2 separately.
n2 - 3n - 18 = 0 [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014, 2015]
Ans : 49824
^n - 6h^n + 3h = 0
n =6
Policeman takes 5 minutes to catch the thief. 145. Find the middle term of the sequence formed all
numbers between 9 and 95, which leave a remainder 1
144. Find the middle term of the sequence formed by all when divided by 3. Also find the sum of the numbers
three-digit numbers which leave a remainder 3, when on both sides of the middle term separately.
divided by 4. Also find the sum of all numbers on both
sides of the middle terms separately. Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
The sequence is 10, 13, .... 94

Here a = 10, d = 3, Sn = 94
The three digit numbers which leaves 3 as remainder
94 = 10 + ^n - 1h 3 23, 21, 19, ......., 5.

84 = ^n - 1h 3 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
term be an and sum of n term be Sn
n = 84 + 1 = 29 Here a = 23, d = - 2, an = 5
3
an = a + ^n - 1h d
Therefore 29 + 1 = 15th term is the middle term.
2
5 = 23 + ^n - 1h^- 2h
Middle term a15 = a + (15 - 1) d
n = 10
= 10 + 14 # 3 = 52
Total number of roes plants in the flower bed,
a14 = 52 - 3 = 49
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
a16 = 52 + 3 = 55 2
Sum of first 14 terms, S10 = 5 ^46 - 18h = 140
s14 = 14 â + a14h 148. A sum of Rs. 1890 is to be used to given seven

2
cash prizes to students of a school for their overall
= 14 610 + 49@ = 413 academic performance. If each prize is Rs. 50 less than
2
n its preceding prize, find the value of each of the prizes.
Sn = 82a + ^n - 1h dB
Sum of the last 14 terms, Let first prize be Rs. x , then series of prize is
s16 - 29 = 14 â16 + a29h x, x - 50, x - 100, x - 150, ......
2
Here series is AP and a = x, d = - 50, n = 7 and
14
= 655 + 94@
2 Sn = 1890 .
= 7 # 149 = 1043 Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB

2
7
1890 = 62x + ^- 50h # 6@
146. A sum of Rs. 280 is to be used towards four prizes. 2
If each prize after the first is Rs. 20 less than its
preceding prize, find the value of each of the prizes. 270 = x + (- 50) # 3 = x - 150

x = 270 + 150 = 420
Let first prize be Rs. x , then series of prize is The prizes are Rs. 420, Rs. 370, Rs. 320, Rs. 270, Rs.
x, x - 20, x - 40, x - 60, ....... 220, Rs. 170, Rs. 120.
Here series is AP and a = x, d = - 20, n = 4 and
149. A man repays a loan of Rs. 3250 by paying Rs. 20 in
Sn = 280 .
the first month and then increases the payment by
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB Rs. 15 every month. How long will it take him to clear
2
the loan?
280 = 4 62x + 3 ^- 20h@
280 = 2 62x - 60@ Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

140 = 2x - 60
Here a = 20, d = 15 and Sn = 3250
x = 140 + 60 = 100
2 Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
Thus prizes are Rs. 100, Rs. 80, Rs. 60, Rs. 40. 2
n
3250 = 62a + ^n - 1h # 15@
147. In a garden bed, there are 23 rose plants in the first 2
row, 21 are in the 2nd , 19 in 3rd row and so on. There 3250 # 2 = n 640 + 15n - 15@
are 5 plants in the last row. How many rows are there
of rose plants> also find the total number of roes 6500 = n 625 + 15n@
plants in the garden. 1300 = n 65 + 3n@
2
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] 3n + 65n - 60n - 1300 = 0
The number of rose plants in the 1 , 2nd , ..... are
st
n ^3n + 65h - 20 ^3n + 65h = 0 28

m
2a + ^m - 1h dB 2
= m2
^n - 20h^3n + 65h = 0 2a + ^n - 1h dB
28
n
n
Since n = - 65/3, is not possible, n = 20 2a + ^m - 1h d 2
= m2 # n = m
Man will repay loan in 20 months. 2a + ^n - 1h d n m n
m `2a + ^n - 1h d j = n 82a + ^m - 1h dB
150. A spiral is made up of successive semi-circles with
2ma + mnd - md = 2na + nmd - nd
centres alternately A and B starting with A, of radii 1
cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, ...... as shown in the figure. What is 2ma - 2na = md - nd
the total length of spiral made up of eleven consecutive d = 2a
semi-circles? (Use p = 3.14 )
am a + ^m - 1h d
Now, =
an a + ^n - 1h d
a + ^m - 1h # 2a
=
a + ^n - 1h # 2a
= a + 2ma - 2a
a + 2na - 2a
a ^2m - 1h
= 2ma - a =
2na - a a ^2n - 1h
= 2m - 1: 2n - 1
Let r1, r2 ............. be the radii of semi-circles and 152. An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three
l1, l2, ............ be the lengths of circumferences of semi- middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the past
circles, than three terms is 429. Find the AP.
l1 = pr1 = p ^1 h = p cm Sol : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017]
l2 = pr2 = p ^2 h = 2p cm Let the middle most terms of the AP be ^x - d h, x

and ^x + d h .
l3 = 3p cm
We have x - d + x + x + d = 225
...............
3x = 225 & x = 75
...............
and the middle term = 37 + 1 = 19th term
l11 = 11p cm 2
Thus AP is
Total length of spiral
^x - 18d h, .... ^x - 2d h, ^x - d h, x, ^x + d h, ^x + 2d h, .......
L = l1 + l2 + ........ + l11
^x - 18d h
= p + 2p + 3p + .......... + 11p
Sum of last three terms,
= p ^1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 11h
^x + 18d h + ^x + 17d h + ^x + 16d h = 429
= p # 11 # 12
2 3x + 51d = 429
= 66 # 3.14 , 225 + 51d = 429 & d = 4
= 207.24 cm First term a1 = x - 18d = 75 - 18 # 4 = 3
151. The ratio of the sums of first m and first n terms of a2 = 3 + 4 = 7

an AP is m2: n2 . Show that the ratio of its mth and nth Hence AP = 3, 7, 11, ......., 147.
terms is ^2m - 1h: ^2n - 1h .
153. The houses in a row are numbered consecutively from
1 to 49. Show that there exists a value of X such
that sum of numbers of houses proceeding the house
numbered X is equal to sum of the numbers of houses
Sm = m 2 following X .
Sn n2
The houses are numbered consecutively from 1 to 49 Sol :

i.e. 1, 2, 3 ......... x - 1, x , x + 1, ......... 49. With each firm, the salaries form an arithmetic
Sum of numbers of houses proceeding X number sequence. We are asked for the sum of fifteen terms,
house, or S15 , given a 1 and d .
= sum of no. following X Sn = n [2a 1 + (n - 1) d]
2
x - 1 61 + ^x - 1h@ = 1 + ...49 - ^1 + 2 + .....x h
2 8^ h B 15
S15 = [2a 1 + 14d] = 15 (a 1 + 7d)
2
x - 1 61 + x - 1@ = 49
2 < 2 # ^1 + 49h - <x2 ^1 + x hFF Firm A : a 1 = 25000 , d = 1200 ,
S 15 = 15 (25000 + 7 # 1200)
^x - 1h x
= 49 # 50 - x ^x + 1h = 501, 000 Rs
2 2 2
x ^x - 1h Firm B : a 1 = 28, 000 , d = 800 ,
+ ^x + 1h x = 49 # 25
2 2 S15 = 15 (28, 000 + 7.800)
x2 - x + x2 + x = 49 25 = 504, 000 Rs
2 #
2x2 = 49 25 Now an = a 1 + (n - 1) d ,
2 #
For the tenth year n = 10 , thus
2
x x = 7#7#5#5
2
a10 = a 1 + 9d ,
x = 7 # 5 = 35 Firm A : a 1 = 25, 000 , d = 1, 200 ,
a 10 = 25, 000 + 9 (1, 200)
= 35, 800 Rs
Firm B : a 1 = 28, 000 , d = 800 ,
154. Salary : In investigating different job opportunities, a 10 = 28, 000 + 9 (800)
you find that firm A will start you at Rs 25,000 per
year and guarantee you a raise of Rs 1,200 each year = 35, 200
whereas firm B will start you at Rs 28,000 per year (i) Rs 501000
but will guarantee you a raise of only Rs 800 each (ii) Rs 504000
year. (iii) Rs 35800
(i) Over a period of 15 years, how much would you (ii) Rs 35200
receive from firm A?
(ii) Over a period of 15 years, how much would you 155. Investment : Eleven years ago an investment earned
receive from firm B? Rs 7,000 for the year. Last year the investment earned
(iii) What would be your annual salary at firm A for Rs 14,000. If the earnings from the investment have
the tenth year? increased the same amount each year, what is the
(iv) What would be your annual salary at firm B for yearly increase and how much income has accrued
the tenth year? from the investment over the past 11 years?
Sol : a10 = 16.5 inches

This involves an arithmetic sequence. Let d be
n (a 1 + a n)
increase in earnings each year. (ii) Sn =
2
Now a 1 = 7, 000 , a 11 = 14, 000 10 (30 + 16.5)
S10 =
a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d 2
10 (46.5)
14, 000 = 7, 000 + (11 - 1) d = = 232.5 ; inches
2
7, 000 = 10d
157. Computer Animations : The animation on a new
d = 700 Rs computer game initially allows the hero of the game
The amount of money received over the 11 years is to jump a (screen) distance of 10 inch over booby
traps and obstacles. Each successive jump is limited
S11 = n (a 1 + a n)
2 to 34 inch less than the previous one.
S11 = 11 (7, 000 + 14, 000) = 115, 500 Rs (i) Find the length of the seventh jump
2 (ii) Find the total distance covered after seven jumps.
156. Arc of a Baby Swing : When Mackenzie’s baby swing

is started, the first swing (one way) is a 30 inch arc.
As the swing slows down, each successive arc is 1.5
inch less than the previous one.
(i) Find the length of the tenth swing.
(ii) How far Mackenzie has travelled during the 10
swings ?
Sol :
Successive jump of hero formed arithmetic sequence
with a 1 = 10 , and d = - 34 .
(i) Length of the seventh jump
a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d
a 7 = 10 + (7 - 1) b - 3 l
4
= 10 + 6 b - 3 l = 10 - 9
4 2
a 7 = 5.5 inches
Sol : (ii) The total distance covered after seven jumps,
Mackenzie’s baby swing form a arithmetic sequence. n (a 1 + a n) 7 (10 + 5.5)
Sn = =
2 2
Here a 1 = 30 , d = - 3 , n = 10
2 7 (15.5)
= = 54.25 inches
(i) a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d 2
a 10 = 30 + (10 - 1) b - 3 l 158. Seating Capacity : The Fox Theater creates a “theater

2
- in the round” when it shows any of Shakespeare’s
= 30 + 9 b
2 l
3
plays. The first row has 80 seats, the second row has
= 30 - 27 = 30 - 13.5
2
88, the third row has 96, and so on.

(i) How many seats are in the 10th row?
(ii) How many seats are in the 25th row?
(ii) If there is room for 25 rows, how many chairs will
be needed to set up the theatre?
Sol :
Sales form a arithmetic sequence with a 1 = 100 ,
d = 20 and a n = 2500
(i) Sales in the seventh month,
a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d
a 7 = 100 + (7 - 1) (20)
= 100 + 6 (20) = $220
Sol : (ii) Total sales after the 12th month,
Arrangement of seats in row makes arithmetic a 12 = 100 + (12 - 1) (20)
sequence where a 1 = 80 and d = 8 .
= 100 + 11 (20) = 320
(i) For 10th row n = 10 , thus
n (a 1 + a n)
a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d Sn =
2
a 10 = 80 + (10 - 1) (8) 12 (100 + 320)
S12 =
2
= 80 + 9 (8)
12 (420)
= = 2520 Yes
= 80 + 72 = 152 seats 2
(ii) For 25th row n = 25 , thus (iii) Goal of sales 2500 was achieved after 12th month.
a 25 = 80 + (25 - 1) (8) 160. Temperature Fluctuation: At 5 P.M. in Coldwater,

the temperature was a chilly 36c F . If the temperature
= 80 + 24 (8)
decreased by 3c F every half-hour for the next 7 hr, at
= 80 + 192 = 272 what time did the temperature hit 0c F ?
(iii) Chair needed to setup in theatre
n (a 1 + a n)
Sn =
2
25 (80 + 272) 25 (352)
S 25 = = = 4400 seats
2 2
159. Sales Goals : At the time that I was newly hired, 100
sales per month was what I required. Each following
month—the last plus 20 more, as I work for the goal
of top sales award. When 2500 sales are thusly made,
I get a holiday package.
(i) How many sales were made by this person in the
seventh month? Sol :
(ii) What were the total sales after the 12th month? We have an arithmetic sequence, with 36c , 33c , 30c
(iii) Was the goal of 2500 total sales met after the 12th , 27c ....
month? Here a 1 = 33 , d = - 3 , a n = 0
a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d Indian teachers are predicted to earn an average of Rs

74,692 by the year 2030.
0 = 33 + (n - 1) (- 3)
0 = 33 - 3n + 3 162. Contest Prizes : A contest offers 15 prizes. The 1st
prize is Rs 5000, and each successive prize is Rs 250
0 = 36 - 3n
less than the preceding prize.
- 36 = - 3n & n = 12 (i) What is the value of the 15th prize?
Thus 12 half-hours after 5 P.M. i.e at 11 P.M. (ii) What is the total amount of money distributed in
prizes?
161. Model Teachers’ Earnings : According to the National
Teachers Association, teachers in the India earned
an average of Rs 30,532 in 2000. This amount has
increased by approximately Rs 1472 per year.
(i) Write a formula for the n th term of the arithmetic
sequence that models teachers’ average earnings
n years after 1999.
(ii) How much will India teachers earn, on average, by
the year 2030?
Sol :
Contest prize form a arithmetic sequence Rs 5000,
Rs 4750, Rs 4500, Rs 4525000
Here a1 = 5000 and d = - 250
For the value of 15th prize, n = 15 ,
an = a1 + (n - 1) d
= 5000 + (15 - 1) 250
= 5000 + (15 - 1) (- 250)
Sol :
In this sequence, a 1 , the first term, represents the = 5000 - 14 # 250 = 1500 Rs
amount teachers earned in 2000. Each subsequent (ii) Total amount of money distributed in prizes,
year this amount increases by Rs 1472, so d = 1472
Sn = n (a1 + an)
. We can express teachers’ earnings by the arithmetic 2
sequence where a1 = 30532 and d = 1472 . 15
S15 = (a1 + a15)
2
(i) Average earnings n years after 1999,
= 15 (5000 + 1500) = 15 # 6500
a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d 2 2
= 48750
= 30, 532 + (n - 1) 1472
= 30, 532 + 1472n - 1472 163. Bequests to Charity : At the time our mother left
this Earth, she gave Rs 90000 to her children of birth.
Thus an = 1472n + 29, 060
This we kept and each year added Rs 30000 more, as
(ii) Now we need to find teachers’ earnings in 2030. The a lasting memorial from the children she bore. When
year 2030 is 31 years after 1999: That is, 2030 - 1999 Rs 4,20,000 is thusly attained, all goes to charity that
= 31. Thus, n = 31. her memory be maintained.
an = 1472n + 29, 060 . (i) What was the balance in the sixth year?
a 31 = 1472 # 31 + 29, 060 = 74, 692 (ii) In what year was the goal of Rs 420,000 met?
The 31st term of the sequence is 74,692. Therefore,
Sn = n [2a1 + (n - 1) d]
2
n
1000 = [2 # 5 + (n - 1) # 4]
2
1000 = n [5 + 2 (n - 1)]
1000 = 5n + 2n2 - 2n
1000 = 3n + 2n2
2n2 + 3n - 1000 = 0
- 3 ! 32 - 4 # 2 # (- 1000)
n = 2#2
Sol :
n = 21.62 or - 23.12
Here donation forms a arithmetic sequence with
Only a positive integer answer makes sense, so there
a0 = 90000 and d = 3000 .
are 21 trapezoids in the last row.
Here a 1 = 120000 and a n = 420000 also (ii) The number of trapezoids in each row is the same
(i) The balance in the sixth year, as the row number, so the 21st row has 21 trapezoids.
a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d (iii) Sn = n [2a1 + (n - 1) d]
2
a 6 = 120000 + (6 - 1) (30000) 21
S21 = [2 # 5 + (21 - 1) # 4]
= 120000 + 5 (30000) 2
21
= [10 + 20 # 4]
= 270000 Rs 2
(ii) Goal of Rs 4,20,000 = 21 90 = 945
2 #
420000 = 120000 + (n - 1) (30000) (iv) The numbers of toothpicks in each row form a
14 = 4 + n - 1 sequence, whereas the total numbers of toothpicks
used form a series.
14 = 3 + n & n = 14 - 3 = 11
The goal was met in 11 years. 165. Book Reading : On the first day of October an English
teacher suggests to his students that they read five
164. It takes 5 toothpicks to build the top trapezoid shown pages of a novel and every day thereafter increase
at below. You need 9 toothpicks to build 2 adjoined their daily reading by two pages. If his students follow
trapezoids and 13 toothpicks for 3 trapezoids. this suggestion, then how many pages will they read
(i) If 1000 toothpicks are available, how many during October?
trapezoids will be in the last complete row?
(ii) How many complete rows will there be?
(iii) How many toothpicks will you use to construct
these rows?
(iv) Use the numbers in this problem to carefully
describe the difference between a sequence and a
series.
Sol :
The number of toothpicks needed to build each row
can be expressed as an arithmetic sequence where the Sol :
first term is 5, the second term is 9, and the third The students read 5 pages the first day, 7 pages the
term is 13. The common difference is 4. second day, 9 pages the third day, and so on. This
(i) If 1000 toothpicks are available, Sn = 1000 , form a arithmetic sequence with d = 2 and a = 5 .
For last day of October month, n = 31, S 7 = 7 (22, 000 + 25, 000)
2
a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d
= 164, 500 Rs
a 31 = 5 + (31 - 1) 2 = 65
Piono : Suppose you practice the piano 45 min on the
Sn = n (a 1 + a n)
167.
Now
2 first day of the semester and increase your practice
For October month n = 31 , time by 5 min each day.
S31 = 31 (a 1 + a31) (i) How much total time will you devote to practicing
2 during the first 15 days of the semester?
31
= (5 + 65) = 1085
2 (ii) How much total time will you devote to practicing
during the first 35 days of the semester?
Thus students read total 1085 pages in October
month.
166. Increasing Salary : A lab technician has a salary of Rs

22,000 her first year and is due to get a Rs 500 raise
each year,
(i) What will her salary be in her seventh year?
(ii) What is the total salary for 7 years of work for the
lab technician ?
Sol :
Each day represents a term in an arithmetic sequence,
so the first term is 45 and the common difference is 5.
(i) For first 15 days of the semester, n = 15
Now Sn = n [2a1 + (n - 1) d]
2
15
= [2 # 45 + (15 - 1) # 5]
2
= 15 [90 + 14 # 5]
2
= 15 160 = 1200 minute or 20 hours
2 #
(i) For first 35 days of the semester, n = 35
Sn = n [2a1 + (n - 1) d]
2
Sol :
= 35 [2 # 45 + (35 - 1) # 5]
Here salary forms a arithmetic sequence with 2
a1 = 22000 and d d = 500 . = 35 [90 + 34 # 5]
2
(i) For salary in seventh year n = 7 , 35
= 260
a n = a 1 + (n - 1) d 2 #
a 7 = 22, 000 + (7 - 1) 500 = 4550 minute or 75 hours 50 min
= 25, 000 Rs 168. CONSTRUCTION : The table at the below shows

(ii) Total salary for 7 years of work, typical costs for a construction company to rent
a crane for one, two, three, or four months. If the
Sn = n (a 1 + an) sequence continues, how much would it cost to rent
2
the crane for twelve months?

Months Cost (Rs)
1 75,000
2 90,000
3 105,000
4 120,000
Sol :
We must find the sum of an arithmetic sequence
whose general term is an = 1800n + 64, 130 . The first
term of the sequence corresponds to the facility’s costs
in the year 2020. The last term corresponds to costs
in the year 2025. Because the model describes costs n
years after 2019, n = 1 describes the year 2020 and
n = 6 describes the year 2025.
an = 1800n + 64, 130
For year 2020, n = 1 ,
a 1 = 1800 # 1 + 64, 130 = 65, 930
For year 2025, n = 6 ,
a 6 = 1800 # 6 + 64, 130
Sol :
= 74, 930
Since the difference between any two successive costs
is Rs 15,000, the costs forms an arithmetic sequence The first year the facility will cost Rs 65,930. By year
with common difference 15,000. Here a1 = 75, 000 six, the facility will cost Rs 74,930. Now we must find
and d d = 15, 000 the sum of the costs for all six years.
For the rent of the crane for twelve months n = 12 , Sn = n (a1 + an)
2
an = a1 + (n - 1) d 6
S6 = (65, 930 + 74, 930)
2
a12 = 75, 000 + (12 - 1) 15, 000
= 3 (140, 860) = 422, 580 Rs
= 75, 000 + 11 # 15, 000
Total adult residential community costs for your
= 15000 (5 + 11) grandmother are predicted to be Rs 422,580. Because
= 240, 000 your grandmother’s assets are Rs 500,000, she has
enough to pay for the facility for the six-year period.
If would cost Rs 240,000 to rent the crane for twelve
months. 170. TOWER OF PISA : To prove that objects of different
weights fall at the same rate, Galileo dropped two
169. Old Age Home : Your grandmother has assets of Rs
objects with different weights from the Leaning Tower
500,000. One option that she is considering involves
of Pisa in Italy. The objects hit the ground at the
an adult residential community for a six-year period
same time. When an object is dropped from a tall
beginning in 2020. The model an = 1800n + 64130
building, it falls about 16 feet in the first second, 48
describes yearly adult residential community costs n
feet in the second, and 80 feet in the third second,
years after 2019. Does your grandmother have enough
regardless of its weight.
to pay for the facility?
(i) How many feet would an object fall in the sixth
second? 171. Jessica arranges a display of soup cans as shown in

(ii) How many feet would an object fall in the six figure.
second?
(iii) How many feet would an object fall in the eight
second?
(i) List the number of cans in the top row, the second
row, the third row, and so on, down to the tenth
row.
(ii) Write a recursive formula for the terms of the
sequence.
(iii) If the cans are to be stacked 47 rows high, how
Sol : many cans will it take to build the display?
16, 32, 48........form a arithmetic sequence with (iv) If Jessica uses six cases (273 cans), how tall can
a1 = 16 feet, and d = 48 - 12 = 32 she make the display?
Object fall in nth second, Sol :
an = a1 + (n - 1) d There are 3 cans in the first row, 6 cans in the second
row, and 9 cans in the third row as shown. The number
= 16 + (n - 1) 32
of cans in each row forms an arithmetic sequence
= 32n - 16 where the first term a1 is 3 and the common difference
= 16 (2n - 1) d is 3.
(i) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30.
(i) Object fall in 6th second
(ii) an + 1 = an + 3
a6 = 16 (2 # 6 - 1)
= 176 feet (iii) Sn = n [2a1 + (n - 1) d]
2
(ii) Total fall in 6 second = 47 [2 # 3 + (47 - 1) # 3]
n 2
Sn = 2 (a1 + an)
= 47 [6 + 46 # 3]
6 2
S6 = 2 (16 + 176) 47
= 144 = 3384 can
2 #
= 3 # 192 = 576 feet
(iv) Here Sn = 273
(ii) Total fall in 8 second
n
Sn = 2 [2a1 + (n - 1) d] Sn = n [2a1 + (n - 1) d]
2
n
273 = [2 # 3 + (n - 1) # 3]
= 8 [2 # 16 + (8 - 1) # 32] 2
2
546 = n [6 + 3 (n - 1)]
= 4 # 16 [2 + 7 # 2]
546 = 6n + 3n2 - 3n
= 64 # 16 = 1024 feet
182 = n + n2
n2 + n - 182 = 0 S31 = n (a1 + an)

2
n2 + 14n - 13n - 182 = 0
= 15 (2500 + 3900)
2
(n + 14) (n - 13) = 0 & n = 13, - 14
= 15 6400
Thus can make 13 row with 273 can. 2 #
= 48000
172. RADIO : A radio station is giving away a total of
Rs 124,000 in August on promotion. If they increase 173. Road Roller : A road roller (sometimes called a
the amount given away each day by Rs 100, roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor-type
(i) How much should they give away the first day? engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel,
(ii) How much have they give away on the 15th day ? concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and
(iii) How much have they give away in 15 day ? foundations. Similar rollers are used also at landfills
or in agriculture. Road rollers are frequently referred
to as steamrollers, regardless of their method of
propulsion.
Sol :
Money given away on promotion forms a arithmetic
sequence with d = 100 .
They have given away Rs 124,000 in august i.e in 31
days. Thus n = 31 and Sn = 124000 . RCB Machine Pvt Ltd started making road roller 10
year ago. Company increased its production uniformly
(i) Now Sn = n [2a1 + (n - 1) d] by fixed number every year. The company produces
2
800 roller in the 6th year and 1130 roller in the 9th
S31 = 31 [2a1 + (31 - 1) 100] year.
2
(i) What was the company’s production in first year
124,000 = 31 (2a 1 + 3000)
2 ?
8000 = 2a1 + 3000
(ii) What was the company’s production in the 8th
5000 = 2a1 year ?
2500 = a1 (iii) What was the company’s total production of the
The radio station should give away Rs 2500 the first first 6 years?
day. (iv) What was the increase in the company’s
(ii) Give away on the 15th day, production every year ?
Now a = 2500 , d = 100 , n = 15 (v) In which year the company’s production was 1350
rollers ?
an = a1 + (n - 1) d
Sol :
a15 = 2500 + (15 - 1) 100
(i) Let a be the production in first year and d be the
= 2500 + 14 # 100 increase every year in production.
= 3900 We have a6 = 800
(iii) Total give away in 15 days
a9 = 1130 and n = 10 .
Now, a + (6 - 1) d = 800 Now Sn = n [2a 1 + (n - 1) d]
2
a + 5d = 800 10
S10 = [2 # 500 + (10 - 1) 100]
2
...(1) = 5 [1000 + 900]
Similarly a + 8d = 1130 ...(2) = 9500 Rs
Solving (1) and (2), we get
d = 110 ***********
a = 800 - 5 # 110 = 250
(ii) Since, a = 250 and d = 110
a8 = a + (8 - 1) d
= 250 + 7 # 110 = 1020
th
(iii) Production in 6 year is 800 rollers.
Sn = n [a + an] = 6 [250 + 800]

2 2
= 3 # 1050 = 3150
(iv) In part (i), we have calculated d = 110 which
is the increase every year in production. Hence, the
production increases constantly by 110 every year.
(v) Suppose company produce 1350 rollers in n th year.
Then, an = a + (n - 1) d
1350 = 250 + (n - 1) # 110
(n - 1) 110 = 1350 - 250 = 1100
n - 1 = 10 & n = 11
174. Heavy Penalties : If an air-conditioning system is not

completed by the agreed upon date, the contractor
pays a penalty of Rs 500 for the first day that it is
overdue, Rs 600 for the second day, Rs 700 for the
third day, and so on. If the system is completed
10 days late, then what is the total amount of the
penalties that the contractor must pay?
Sol :
Thus is arithmetic series where a 1 = 500 , d = 100
Page 186 Triangles Chap 6
CHAPTER 6
Triangles
ONE MARK QUESTIONS 2. What is the value of x in given figure?
1. In Figure, DE | | BC . Find the length of side AD , given

that AE = 1.8 cm, BD = 7.2 cm and CE = 5.4 cm .
In TKPN and TKLM , +K is common and we have

+KNP = +KML = 46c
Sol : [Board 2019 OD] Thus by AA criterion of similarity,
Since DE | | BC we have TKNP + TKML
AD = AE KN = NP
DB EC Thus
KM ML
Substituting the values, we get
c = x & x = ac
AD = 1.8 b+c a b+c
7.2 5.4
3. TABC and TBDE are two equilateral triangle such
AD = .8 # 7.2 = 12.96 = 2.4 cm
1
5.4 5.4 that D is the mid-point of BC . Ratio of the areas of
triangles ABC and BDE is ................. .
PRACTICE
 In the given figure, DE z BC . What is the value
of EC ? From the given information we have drawn the figure
as below.
area (TABC) (BC) 2

3
(BC) 2
= 4
=
area (TBDE) ^ 2 BC h
1 2
[Board Term-1 2015] (BD) 2
4
3
Ans : 2 cm 2
= 4BC2 = 4 = 4 : 1
BC 1
Chap 6 Triangles Page 187
4. Two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides In can be easily observed that above values satisfy
are ............... . Pythagoras theorem,
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] AB2 + BC2 = AC 2
in the same ratio. 108 + 36 = 144 cm
Thus +B = 90c
5. TABC is an equilateral triangle of side 2a ,
7. TABC is isosceles with AC = BC . If AB2 = 2AC2 ,
then length of one of its altitude is ................... .
then find the measure of +C .
TABC is an equilateral triangle as shown below, in 2 2
which AD = BC . We have AB = 2AC
AB2 = AC2 + AC2
AB2 = BC2 + AC2 ( BC = AC )
It satisfies the Pythagoras theorem. Thus according
to converse of Pythagoras theorem, TABC is a right
angle triangle and +C = 90c.
Using Pythagoras theorem we have

AB2 = (AD) 2 + (BD) 2
(2a) 2 = (AD) 2 + (a) 2
4a2 - a2 = (AD) 2
(AD) 2 = 3a2
8. In TABC, DE | | BC, find the value of x .
AD = a 3
Hence, the length of attitude is a 3 .
PRACTICE
 TABC is an equilateral triangle with each side of

length 2p . If AD = BC then what is the value of
AD ?
[Board Term-1 2011]
Ans : 3p

6. In TABC , AB = 6 3 cm , AC = 12 cm and In the given figure DE || BC , thus
BC = 6 cm , then +B = .................. .
AD = AE
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] DB EC
We have AB = 6 3 cm, x = x+3
x+1 x+5
AC = 12 cm and
x2 + 5x = x2 + 4x + 3
BC = 6 cm
x =3
Now AB2 = 36 # 3 = 108
9. In the given figure, if +A = 90º, +B = 90º, OB = 4.5
AC2 = 144
cm OA = 6 cm and AP = 4 cm then find QB.
and BC2 = 36
11. In the given figure, P and Q are points on the sides

AB and AC respectively of a triangle ABC . PQ is
parallel to BC and divides the triangle ABC into 2
parts, equal in area. What is the ratio of AP : AB ?
Sol : [Board Term-1, 2015]

Sol :
In TPAO and TQBO we have As PQ is parallel to BC
+A = +B = 90º TABC + TAPQ
Vertically opposite angle, ar (TABC ) AB 2
= b AP l
+POA = +QOB ar (TAPQ)
2 = b AB l
2
Thus TPAO ~TQBO AP

1
OA = PA
2 AB
OB QB
1 = AP
6 = 4
4.5 QB AP : AB = 1 : 2
QB = 4 # 4.5 = 3 cm 12. Are two triangles with equal corresponding sides

6
always similar?
Thus QB = 3 cm
10. In TABC, if X and Y are points on AB and AC Yes, Two triangles having equal corresponding
XB = 4 , AY = 5 and YC = 9,
respectively such that AX 3
sides are are congruent and all congruent Ts
then state whether XY and BC parallel or not. have equal angles, hence they are similar too.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015]
13. If triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF such that
As per question we have drawn figure given below. 2AB = DE and BC = 8 cm then find EF.
Sol :
As per given condition we have drawn the figure
below.
In this figure we have

AX = 3 , AY = 5 and YC = 9
XB 4
Now AX = 3 and AY = 5
XB 4 YC 9 Here we have 2AB = DE and BC = 8 cm
Since AX =
Y AY Since TABC ~TDEF , we have
XB YC
AB = DE
Hence XY is not parallel to BC. BC EF
AB = 2AB PRACTICE
8 EF  In the given figure, in a triangle PQR, ST | | QR
EF = 2 # 8 = 16 cm PS
and SQ = 35 and PR = 28 cm, find PT.
14. The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25 cm and

15 cm respectively. If one side of the first triangle is
9 cm, then the corresponding side of second triangle
is ................... .
Ratio of the perimeter of two similar triangles is equal

to the ratio of corresponding sides.
Thus 25 = 9
15 side
side = # 15 = 5.4 cm
9 [Board Term-1 2011]
25
Ans : 10.5 cm
15. It is given that TABC + TPQR with BC = 1 .
QR 4
ar (TPRQ)
What is the value of ?
ar (TBCA) 17. The areas of two similar triangles ABC and PQR
Sol : are in the ratio 9 : 16. If BC = 4.5 cm , then find the
length of QR .
Since, TABC + TPQR
ar (TPRQ) 2
QR2 4 2 16 Sol :
= AR 2 = 2 = b1l = 1
ar (TBCA) AC BC Since, TABC + TPQR
In the figure, PQ is parallel to MN. If KP = 4 and ar (TABC ) 2

16.
PM 13 = BC 2
KN = 20.4 cm then find KQ. ar (TPQR) QR
2
9 = (4.5)
16 QR 2
16 # (4.5) 2
QR2 = & QR = 6 cm
9
PRACTICE
 If TABC + TAPQ and

ar (TAPQ) = 4ar (TABC ), then find the ratio
of BC to PQ .
[Board Term-1 2015]
1
Ans : 2
In the given figure PQ || MN , thus

18. In Figure, in TABC , DE z BC such that AD = 2.4 cm,
KP = KQ (By BPT) AB = 3.2 cm and AC = 8 cm, then what is the length
PM QN of AE ?
KP = KQ
PM KN - KQ
4 = KQ
13 20.4 - KQ
4 # 20.4 - 4KQ = 13KQ
17KQ = 4 # 20.4
KQ = 20.4 # 4 = 4.8 cm
17

21. In figure, MN < BC and AM : MB = 1 : 2 , then
We have DE z BC ar (TAMN)
= ................... .
AD ar (TABC)
By BPT, = AE
DB EC
AD = AE
AD + DB AE + EC
AD = AE
AB AC
2.4
3.2 = AE & AE = 6 cm
8
PRACTICE
 In given figure DE | | BC. If AD = 3 cm DB = 4 Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]

cm and AE = 6 cm then find EC. Here, AM = k
MB = 2k
MN < BC
Thus AB = AM + MB = k + 2k = 3k
ar (TAMN) 2 2
= AM2 = k 2 = 1
ar (TABC) AB 9k 9
22. The corresponding sides of two similar triangles are in

the ratio 3 : 4, then the ratio of the areas of triangles
is ................... .
[Board Term-1 2016]
Ans : 6 cm
Ratio of the square of 2 similar triangles is equal to
the square of the ratio of corresponding sides.
Area of triangle 1 (corresponding side of triangle 1) 2
=
Area of triangle 2 (corresponding side of triangle 2) 2
19. The areas of two similar triangles are 81 cm2 and
= b3l = 9
2
49 cm2 respectively. Find the ratio of their 4 16
corresponding medians.
PRACTICE
Sol :
Area of two similar triangles,  If ratio of corresponding sides of two similar
A1 = 81 cm2 triangles is 5 : 6, then find ratio of their areas.
[Board Term-1 2015]
A2 = 49 cm2 Ans : 25 : 36
Ratio of corresponding medians
A1 81 = 9
A2 = 49 7 23. The perimeters of two similar triangles TABC and
TPQR are 35 cm and 45 cm respectively, then the
20. Sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4 : 9.
ratio of the areas of the two triangles is ......... .
What is the ratio of areas of these triangles ?
Sol :
We know that
The ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to
the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. 1. Ratio of areas of two similar triangle is equal to
the ratio of the squares of their corresponding
A1 = 4 2 = 16
Thus b9l 81 sides.
A2
2. Ratio of the perimeter of two similar triangle is
A1 : A2 = 16 : 81
the same as the ratio of their corresponding sides.
Therefore in result ratio of areas of two similar triangle
is equal to the ratio of the squares of their perimeters. +AED = +ACB

ar (TABC)
= 35 2 = 7 2 = 49
2 2
Given +ADE = +AED
ar (TPQR) 45 9 91
Thus +ABC = +ACB
24. Given TABC + TPQR , if AB = 1 , then Therefore BAC is an isosceles triangle.
PQ 3
find arTABC . 26. In the given figure, G is the mid-point of the side PQ
arTPQR
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi STD, 2018] of TPQR and GH | | QR. Prove that H is the mid-
AB 1 point of the side PR or the triangle PQR.
We have =
PQ 3
If TABC + TPQR , then we have
arTABC = AB 2 = 1 2 = 1
arTPQR c PQ m b3l 9
PRACTICE
 Given TABC + TPQR , if AB = 1 , then

PQ 3
ar (TABC)
= ....................
ar (TPQR)
1
Ans : 9
Since G is the mid-point of PQ we have

 It is given that TABC + TPQR with BC = 1 . PG = GQ
QR 4
ar (TPRQ)
What is the value of ? PG = 1
ar (TBCA) GQ
[Board 2018 Comt]
Ans : 16 We also have GH | | QR , thus by BPT we get
PG = PH
GQ HR
1 = PH
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS HR
PH = HR. Hence proved.
Hence, H is the mid-point of PR .
25. In Figure +D = +E and AD = AE , prove that
DB EC
TBAC is an isosceles triangle. 27. In Figure, ABC is an isosceles triangle right angled at
C with AC = 4 cm , Find the length of AB .
We have, +D = +E
and AD = AE Sol : [Board 2019 OD]

DB EC Since ABC is an isosceles triangle right angled at C ,
By converse of BPT, DE < BC
AC = BC = 4 cm
Due to corresponding angles we have
+C = 90c
+ADE = +ABC and
Using Pythagoras theorem in TABC we have, x+3 = x

2 2 2 2x 2x - 1
AB = BC + AC
= 42 + 42 = 16 + 16 = 32 5x = 3 or, x = 3
5
AB = 4 2 cm. 29. In an equilateral triangle of side 3 3 cm find the
length of the altitude.
28. In the figure of TABC, the points D and E are on Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
the sides CA, CB respectively such that DE | | AB,
Let TABC be an equilateral triangle of side 3 3
AD = 2x, DC = x + 3, BE = 2x - 1 and CE = x.
cm and AD is altitude which is also a perpendicular
Then, find x.
bisector of side BC. This is shown in figure given
below.
OR
In the figure of TABC, DE | | AB. If AD = 2x,
DC = x + 3, BE = 2x - 1 and CE = x, then find the 2
3 3
^3 3 h = h2 + c 2 m
2
value of x. Now
27 = h2 + 27
4
h2 = 27 - 27 = 81
4 4
h = 9 = 4.5 cm
2
PRACTICE
 In an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm, find the

length of the altitude.
[Board Term-1 2015]
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015, 2016] Ans : 12 3 cm
We have CD = CE
AD BE
x+3 = x 30. In an equilateral triangle, prove that three times the
2x 2x - 1 square of one side is equal to four times the square of
5x = 3 or, x = 3 one of its altitudes. [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
5
or
Alternative Method :
Find the altitude of an equilateral triangle when each
In ABC, DE || AB , thus of its side is a cm.
CD = CE Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
CA CB
Let TABC be an equilateral triangle of side a and
CD = CE
AD is altitude which is also a perpendicular bisector
CA - CD CB - CE
of side BC. This is shown in figure given below.
CD = CE
AD BE
In TABD, a2 = a a k + h2
2 Now BD = BC = 24 = 12 cm
2 2 2
2 2 AB = 24 cm
h2 = a2 - a = 3a
4 4
AD = AB2 - BD2
3a
Thus h =
2 = ^24h2 - ^12h2
Thus 4h2 = 3a2 Hence Proved = 576 - 144
= 432 = 12 3
31. In the given figure, TABC ~TPQR. Find the value
of y + z. Thus AD = 12 3 cm.
33. In TABC, AD = BC, such that AD2 = BD # CD.

Prove that TABC is right angled at A.

below.
In the given figure TABC ~TPQR ,
Thus AB = BC = AC
PQ QR PR
z =8=4 3
3 6 y
z = 8 and 8 = 4 3 We have AD2 = BD # CD
3 6 6 y
AD = BD
z = 8 # 3 and y = 4 3 # 6 CD AD
6 8
Since +D = 90º , by SAS we have
z = 4 and y = 3 3
TADC ~TBDA
Thus y+z = 3 3 +4
and +BAD = +ACD;
32. In an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm, find the length Since corresponding angles of similar triangles are
of the altitude. equal
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] +DAC = +DBA
Let TABC be an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm +BAD + +ACD + +DAC + +DBA = 180º
and AD is altitude which is also a perpendicular
2+BAD + 2+DAC = 180º
bisector of side BC. This is shown in figure given
below. +BAD + +DAC = 90º
+A = 90º EQ GQ
=
FS GS
Thus TABC is right angled at A.
EQ # GS = GQ # FS
34. In the given triangle PQR, +QPR = 90º, PQ = 24 cm 36. A man steadily goes 10 m due east and then 24 m
and QR = 26 cm and in TPKR, +PKR = 90º and due north.
KR = 8 cm, find PK. (1) Find the distance from the starting point.
(2) Which mathematical concept is used in this prob-
lem?
Sol :
(1) Let the initial position of the man be at O and
his final position be B. The man goes to 10 m due
east and then 24 m due north. Therefore, TAOB is
a right triangle right angled at A such that OA = 10
m and AB = 24 m. We have shown this condition in
figure below.
In the given triangle we have

+QPR = 90º
Thus QR2 = QP2 + PR2
PR = 262 - 242
= 100 = 10 cm
Now +PKR = 90º
Thus PK = 102 - 82 = 100 - 64
By Pythagoras theorem,
= 36 = 6 cm
OB2 = OA2 + AB2
35. In the figure, PQRS is a trapezium in which = ^10h2 + ^24h2
PQ | | RS. On PQ and RS, there are points E and F
= 100 + 576 = 676
respectively such that EF intersects SQ at G . Prove
that EQ # GS = GQ # FS. or, OB = 676 = 26 m
Hence, the man is at a distance of 26 m from the
starting point.
(2) Pythagoras Theorem
37. In the given figure, +A = +B and AD = BE. Show

that DE | | AB.
In TGEQ and TGFS ,

Due to vertical opposite angle,
+EGQ = +FGS
Due to alternate angle,
+EQG = +FSG
Thus by AA similarity we have Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
TGEQ ~GFS In TCAB, we have

+A = +B (1) We draw, AC intersecting EF at G as shown below.

By isosceles triangle property we have
AC = CB
But, we have been given
AD = BE (2)
Dividing equation (2) by (1) we get,
CD = CE
AD BE
By converse of BPT, In TCAB, GF | | AB , thus by BPT we have
DE | | AB. Hence Proved AG = BF ...(1)
CG FC
38. In the given figure, OA # OB = OC # OD, show that In TADC, EG | | DC , thus by BPT we have
+A = +C and +B = +D. AE = AG ...(2)
ED CG
From equations (1) and (2),
AE = BF . Hence Proved.
ED FC
40. In the given figures, find the measure of +X.
We have OA # OB = OC # OD
OA = OC
OD OB
Due to the vertically opposite angles,
+AOD = +COB
Thus by SAS similarity we have
TAOD ~TCOB
Thus +A = +C and +B = +D. because of
corresponding angles of similar triangles.
39. In the given figure, if ABCD is a trapezium in which

ED = FC
AB | | CD | | EF, then prove that AE BF
From given figures,

PQ
= 4.2 = 1 ,
ZY 8.4 2
PR = 3 3 = 1
ZX 6 3 2
QR 7 1
and = =
YX 14 2
QP QR
Thus = PR =
ZY ZX YX
By SSS criterion we have In TPQR, CB || QR

TPQR ~TZYX Thus PC = PR
CQ BR
Thus +X = +R = 180º - ^60º + 70ºh = 50°
25 = 15
Thus +X = 50º 15 BR
BR = # 15 = 9 cm
15
41. In a rectangle ABCD, E is a point on AB such that 25
AE = 23 AB. If AB = 6 km and AD = 3 km, then find 43. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB | | CD and its
DE. diagonals intersect each other at the point O. Show
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] that AO = CO .
BO DO
below.
below.
We have AE = 2 AB = 2 # 6 = 4 km
3 3 In TAOB and TCOD, AB || CD ,
In right triangle ADE, Thus due to alternate angles
DE = ^3 h + ^4 h = 25
2 2 2
+OAB = +DCO
Thus DE = 5 km and +OBA = +ODC
42. In the given figure, CB | | QR and CA | | PR. If By AA similarity we have

AQ = 12 cm, AR = 20 cm, PB = CQ = 15 cm, TAOB ~TCOD
calculate PC and BR.
For corresponding sides of similar triangles we have
AO = BO
CO DO
AO = CO . Hence Proved
BO DO
44. In the given figure, PQR is a triangle right angled
at Q and XY | | QR. If PQ = 6 cm, PY = 4 cm and
PX: XQ = 1: 2. Calculate the length of PR and QR.
In TPQR, CA || PR
By BPT similarity we have
PC = RA
CQ AQ
PC = 20
15 12
PC = 15 # 20 = 25 cm Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
12
Since XY || OR , by BPT we have We know that diagonals of a trapezium divide each

PX = PY other proportionally. Therefore
XQ YR OA = BO
1 = PY OC OD
2 PR - PY x+5 = x-1
4 x+3 x-2
=
PR - 4 ^x + 5h^x - 2h = ^x - 1h^x + 3h
PR - 4 = 8 & PR = 12 cm x2 - 2x + 5x - 10 = x2 + 3x - x - 3
In right TPQR we have x2 + 3x - 10 = x2 + 2x - 3
2 2 2
QR = PR - PQ
3x - 10 = 2x - 3
= 122 - 62 = 144 - 36 = 108
3x - 2x = 10 - 3 & x = 7
Thus QR = 6 3 cm Thus x = 7 .
45. In an equilateral triangle ABC, AD is drawn 47. Two similar triangles ABC and PQR have their areas
perpendicular to BC meeting BC in D. Prove that 25 cm2 and 49 cm2 respectively. If QR = 9.8 cm, find
AD2 = 3BD2 . BC .
In TABD, from Pythagoras theorem,
Given, TABC + TPQR

AB2 = AD2 + BD2
We have ar(TABC) = 25 cm2
Since AB = BC = CA , we get
ar(TPQR) = 49 cm2
BC2 = AD2 + BD2,
and QR = 9.8 cm
Since = is the median in an equilateral T, BC = 2BD
Since triangles ABC and PQR are similar,
^2BD h2 = AD + BD
2 2
ar (TABC)
= c BC m
2
4BD2 - BD2 = AD2 ar (TPQR) QR

25 = BC 2
3BD2 = AD2 49 c QR m
46. In the given figure, if AB | | DC, find the value of x. 5 = BC

7 QR
BC = 5 # QR = 5 # 9.8 = 7 cm
7 7
Thus BC = 7 cm
48. If TABC~TPQR and AD and PS are bisectors

of corresponding angles A and P, then prove that
ar ^TABC h AD2
= .
ar ^TPQRh PS2
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] As per given condition we have drawn the figure below.
50. ABC is a triangle, PQ is the line segment intersecting

AB in P and AC in Q such that PQ | | BC and divides
TABC into two parts, equal in area, find BP : AB.

below.
Since TABC ~TPQR we have

+A = +P, +B = +Q, +C = +R
ar ^TABC h 2
= AB2 ...(1)
ar ^TPQRh PQ
Since +A = +P we have
1 +A = 1 +P
2 2
Since PQ | | BC and PQ divides TABC into two
+BAD = +QPS
equal parts, thus TAPQ~TABC .
By AA similarity we have ar ^TAPQ h 2
Now = AP 2
TBAD ~TQPS ar ^TABC h AB
BA = AD ...(2) 1 = AP2
QP PS 2 AB2
From equation (1) and (2), we get 1 = AP
ar ^TABC h 2 2 AB
= AD2 Hence proved
ar ^TPQRh PS 1 = AB - BP
ÂB = AP + BP h
2 AB
49. In given figure, D is a point on AC such that 1 = 1 - BP
ar (TACB) 2 AB
AD = 2CD, also DE | | AB. Find :
ar (TDCE) BP = 1 - 1 = 2 - 1
AB 2 2
BP : AB = ^ 2 - 1h : 2
51.
PA
In the given figure, AQ = BR
BR = 3 . If the area of TPQR
2
is 32 cm , then find the area of the quadrilateral
AQRB.
In given figure we have

AD = 2CD
In TCDE and TCAB , +C is common and
+CDE = +CAB (Corresponding angles)
By AA similarity rule we get
TCDE ~TCAB Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
ar ^TDCE h 2
CD2
Now, = CD2 = below.
ar ^TACB h CA ÂD + DC h
2
= CD2 CD2 = 1 Since +P is common and PA = PB , therefore

2 = AQ BR
^2 DC + DC h ^ CD h
3 9
2
TPQR ~TPAB
ar ^TPQRh PQ2
Now =
ar ^TPAB h PA2
32 ^4k h2 16k2
= 2 =
ar ^TPAB h ^3k h 9k2
ar (TPAB) = 18 cm2
Thus area of quadrilateral AQRB ,
= ar (TPQR) - ar (TPAB)
= 32 - 18 = 14 cm2 Here AB = 24 m
CB = 25 m
52. ABC is a right triangle right angled at C. Let BC = a,
CA = b, AB = c PQR, ST | | QR and p be the length of and +CAB = 90c
perpendicular from C to AB . Prove that cp = ab . By Pythagoras Theorem,
CB2 = AB2 + CA2
or, CA2 = CB2 - AB2
= 232 - 242
= 625 - 576 = 49
Thus CA = 7 m
Hence, the distance of the foot of ladder from the
building is 7 m.

PRACTICE
In the given figure CD = AB, and CD = p  A ladder 10 m long reaches a window 8 m above
the ground. The distance of the foot of the ladder
Area, TABC = 1 # base # height from the base of the wall is ................ m.
2
= 1 # AB # CD = 1 cp
2 2 Ans : 6 m
Also,Area of TABC = 1 # BC # AC = 1 ab
2 2
Thus 1 cp = 1 ab 54. Two right triangles ABC and DBC are drawn on
2 2 the same hypotenuse BC and on the same side
cp = ab Proved of BC . If AC and BD intersect at P , prove that
AP # PC = BP # DP .
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
Let TABC , and TDBC be right angled at A and D

respectively.
53. A ladder 25 m long just reaches the top of a building As per given information in question we have drawn
24 m high from the ground. What is the distance of the figure given below.
the foot of ladder from the base of the building?
Let AB be the building and CB be the ladder. As per

information given we have drawn figure below.
In 3 BAP and 3 CDP we have

+BAP = +CDP = 90c
and due to vertical opposite angle Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
+BPA = +CPD In right angled triangles ACQ and PCB

By AA similarity we have AQ2 = AC 2 + CQ2 ...(1)
3 BAP ` 3 CDP and BP 2 = PC 2 + CB2 ...(2)
BP = AP Adding eq (1) and eq (2), we get
Therefore PC PD
AQ2 + BP2 = ÂC 2 + CQ2h + ^PC 2 + CB 2h
AP # PC = BP # PD Hence Proved
= ÂC 2 + CB2h + ^PC 2 + CQ2h
55. In the given figure, if +ACB = +CDA , AC = 6 cm Thus AQ2 + BP2 = AB2 + PQ2 Hence Proved
and AD = 3 cm, then find the length of AB .
57. Prove that area of the equilateral triangle described
on the side of a square is half of this area of the
equilateral triangle described on its diagonal.
Sol : [Board 2018, 2015]

below. Let a be the side of square.
In TABC and TACD we have

+ACB = +CDA [given]
+CAB = +CAD [common]
By AA similarity criterion we get
TABC + TACD
Thus AB = BC = AC
AC CD AD By Pythagoras theorem,
Now AB = AC AC2 = AB2 + BC2

AC AD
= a2 + a2 = 2a2
AC2 = AB # AD
AC = 2a
62 = AB # 3
Area of equilateral triangle 3 BCE ,
AB = 36 = 12 cm
3 3 a2
area (T BCE) =
4
56. If P and Q are the points on side CA and CB
Area of equilateral triangle 3 ACF ,
respectively of TABC , right angled at C , prove that
ÂQ2 + BP2h = ÂB2 + PQ2h area (3 ACF) = 3 ( 2 a) 2 = 3 a 2
4 2
area (TACF)
Now, =2
area (TBCE)
area (TACF) = 2area (TBEC)
area (TBEC) = 1 area (TACF) Hence Proved.

2
58. TABC is right angled at C. If p is the length of the
perpendicular from C to AB and a, b, c are the lengths
of the sides opposite +A, +B and +C respectively,
then prove that 12 = 12 + 12 .
p a b

below. ^x + 2h^3x + 5h = x ^3x + 16h
3x + 5x + 6x + 10 = 3x2 + 16x
2
11x + 10 = 16x
11x + 10 = 10
5x = 10 & x = 2
60. If in TABC, AD is median and AE = BC, then prove

that AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 1 BC2 .
2

below.
In TACB and TCDB , +B is common and
+ABC = +CDB = 90º
Because of AA similarity we have
TABC ~TCDB
Now b =c
p a
1 = c
p ab
1 = c2 In TABE, using Pythagoras theorem we have
p2 a2 b2 AB2 = AE2 + BE2
1 = a2 + b2
p2 a2 b2
(c2 = a2 + b2) = AD2 - DE2 + ^BD - DE h2
1 = 1 +1 Hence Proved = AD2 - DE2 + BD2 + DE2 - 2BD # DE
p2 a2 b2
= AD2 + BD2 - 2BD # DE ...(1)
59. In TABC, DE | | BC. If AD = x + 2, DB = 3x + 16,
AE = x and EC = 3x + 5, them find x. In TAEC, we have

AC2 = AE2 + EC2
As per given condition we have drawn the figure = (AD2 - ED2) + ÊD + DC h2
below. = AD2 - ED2 + ED2 + DC2 + 2ED # DC
= AD2 + CD2 + 2ED # CD
= AD2 + DC2 + 2DC # DE ...(2)
AB2 + AC2 = 2 ÂD2 + BD2h (BD = DC )
= 2AD2 + 2 b 1 BC l
2
( BD = 12 BC )
2
= 2AD2 + 1 BC2 Hence Proves
2
In the give figure 61. From an airport, two aeroplanes start at the same
time. If speed of first aeroplane due North is 500 km/h
DE || BC and that of other due East is 650 km/h then find the
By BPT we have distance between the two aeroplanes after 2 hours.
AD = AE Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
DB EC As per given condition we have drawn the figure
x+2 = x below.
3x + 16 x3 + 5
As per given condition we have drawn quadrilateral

ABCD, as shown below.
Distance covered by first aeroplane due North after

two hours, We have drawn EO | | AB on DA.
y = 500 # 2 = 1, 000 km. In quadrilateral ABCD, we have

Distance covered by second aeroplane due East after AO = CO
two hours, BO DO
AO = BO ...(1)
x = 650 # 2 = 1, 300 km. CO DO
Distance between two aeroplane after 2 hours In TABD, EO || AB
NE = ON2 + OE2 = ^1000h2 + ^1300h2 By BPT we have
= 1000000 + 1690000 AE = BO ...(2)
= 2690000 = 1640.12 km ED DO
From equation (1) and (2), we get
62. In the given figure, ABC is a right angled triangle, AE = AO
+B = 90º. D is the mid-point of BC. Show that ED CO
AC2 = AD2 + 3CD2 . AE = AO
In TADC,
ED CO
EO || DC (Converse of BPT)
EO || AB (Construction)
AB || DC
Thus in quadrilateral ABCD we have
AB AB CD
Thus ABCD is a trapezium. Hence Proved
64. In the given figure, P and Q are the points on the

Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] sides AB and AC respectively of TABC, such that
AP = 3.5 cm, PB = 7 cm, AQ = 3 cm and QC = 6 cm.
We have BD = CD = BC If PQ = 4.5 cm, find BC.
2
BC = 2BD
Using Pythagoras theorem in the right TABC, we
have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = AB2 + (2BD) 2
= AB2 + 4BD2 = ÂB2 + BD2h + 3BD2
AC2 = AD2 + 3CD2
63. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral divide each other

proportionally, prove that it is a trapezium.
We have redrawn the given figure as below. (1) Since TABC~TDEF

+A = +D (Corresponding angles)
2+1 = 2+2
Also +B = +E (Corresponding angles)
AP = AB Hence Proved
DQ DE
(2) Since TABC ~TDEF
+A = +D
and +C = +F
We have AP = 3.5 = 1 2+3 = 2+4
AB 10.5 3
AQ +3 = +4
and =3=1
AC 9 3 By AA similarity we have
In TABC, AP = AQ and +A is common.
AB AC TCAP ~TFDQ
Thus due to SAS we have 66. In the given figure, DB = BC, DE = AB and
TAPQ ~TABC AC = BC. Prove that BE = AC .
DE BC
AP = PQ
AB BC
1 = 4.5
3 BC
BC = 13.5 cm.
65. In given figure TABC~TDEF. AP bisects +CAB

and DQ bisects +FDE.
As per given condition we have redrawn the figure

below.
Prove that :
(1) AP = AB
DQ DE
(2) TCAP~TFDQ.

below.
We have DB = BC, DE = AB and AC = BC.
In TABC, +C = 90º , thus
+1 + +2 = 90º
But we have been given,
+2 + +3 = 90º
Hence +1 = +3
In TABC and TBDE, Sol : [Board 2020 OD STD, 2016, 2011]

+1 = +3
below. Here we have drawn AM = BC and DN = BC.
and +ACB = +DEB = 90º
Thus by AA similarity we have
TABC ~TBDE
Thus AC = BE . Hence Proved

BC DE
67. In the given figure, two triangles ABC and DBC

lie on the same side of BC such that PQ | | BA and
PR | | BD. Prove that QR | | AD. In TAOM and TDON,
+AOM = +DON
(Vertically opposite angles)
+AMO = +DNO = 90º (Construction)
or, TAOM ~TDON (By AA similarity)
Thus AO = AM ...(1)
DO DN
ar ^TABC h 1
# BC # AM
Now, = 21
ar ^TDBC h 2 # BC # DN
= AM = AO From equation (1)

DN DO
In TABC, we have PQ | | AB and PR | | BD . 69. The perpendicular AD on the base BC of a TABC
intersects BC at D so that DB = 3CD. Prove that
By BPT we have 2 (AB) 2 = 2 (AC) 2 + BC2 .
BP = AQ ...(1)
PC QC Sol : [Board Term-1 2011, 2012, 2016]

Again in TBCD, we have
below.
PR || BD
By BPT we have
BP = DR (by BPT) ...(2)
PC RC
AQ
= DR
QC RC
By converse of BPT,
PR || AD Hence proved
68. In the given figure, TABC and TABC and TDBC

are on the same base BC. AD and BC intersect at O. Here DB = 3CD
ar ^TABC h
Prove that = AO . BD = 3 BC
ar ^TDBC h DO 4
1
DC = BC
4
In TADB, we have
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ...(1)
In TADC, AC2 = AD2 + CD2 ...(2)
Subtracting equation (2) from (1), we get
AB2 - AC2 = BD2 - CD2 71. In the given figure, BL and CM are medians of TABC,
right angled at A. Prove that 4 ^BL2 + CM2h = 5BC2 .
Since DB = 3CD we get
AB2 - AC2 = b 3 BC l - b 1 BC l
2 2
4 4
2
= 9 BC2 - 1 BC2 = BC
16 16 2
2 ÂB2 - AC2h = BC2
2 ÂB h2 = 2AC2 + BC2 Hence Proved
70. In a TABC, let P and Q be points on AB and

AC respectively such that PQ | | BC. Prove that the
median AD bisects PQ.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
As per given condition we have drawn the figure We have a right angled triangle TABC at A
below. where BL and CM are medians.
In TABL, BL2 = AB2 + AL2
2
= AB2 + b AC l (BL is median)
2
In TACM, CM2 = AC2 + AM2
2
= AC2 + b AB l (CM is median)
2
2 2
Now BL2 + CM2 = AB2 + AC2 + AC + AB
4 4
4 ^BL2 + CM2h = 5AB2 + 5AC2
The median AD intersects PQ at E. = 5 ÂB2 + AC2h
We have, PQ || BE = 5BC2 Hence Proved
+ApE = +B and +AQE = +C 72. In the given figure A, B and C are points on OP, OQ
(Corresponding angles) and OR respectively such that AB | | PQ and
AC | | PR. Prove that BC | | QR.
Thus in TAPE and TABD we have
+APE = +ABD
+PAE = +BAD (common)
Thus TAPE ~TABD
PE = AE ...(1)
BD AD
Similarly, TAQE ~TACD
QE
or, = AE ...(2)
CD AD
PE = QE Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
BD CD In TPOQ, AB || PQ
As CD = BD , we get
By BPT AO = OB ...(1)
PE = QE AP BQ
BD BD In TOPR, AC || PR,
PE = QE OA = OC
By BPT (2)
Hence, AD bisects PQ . AP CR
From equations (1) and (2), we have +CBA = +AQP

OB = OC Due to vertically opposite angles,
BQ CR
By converse of BPT we have +BAC = +PAQ
BC || QR Hence Proved Due to AA similarity,
TABC ~TAQP
73. In the given figure, find the value of x in terms of a, b
and c. AB = BC = AC
AQ QP AP
6.5 = 8 = AC
AQ 4 AP
AQ = 6.5 = 3.25 cm
2
AC = 2 # 2.5 = 5.6 cm
75. A 6 m high tree cast a 4 m long shadow. At the same

time, a flag pole cast a shadow 50 m long. How long
is the flag pole?
Sol : [Board 2009]
In triangles LMK and PNK, +K is common and
Let AB be height of tree and BC its shadow.
+M = +N = 50º
Due to AA similarity,
TLMK ~TPNK
LM = KM
PN KN
a =b+c
x c
x = ac
b+c
74. In the given figure, BC | | PQ and BC = 8 cm, Again, let PQ be height of pole and QR be its shadow.
PQ = 4 cm, BA = 6.5 cm AP = 2.8 cm Find CA and At the same time, the angle of elevation of tree and
AQ. poles are equal i.e 3 ABC + PQR
Thus AB = PQ
BC QR
6 = PQ
In TABC and TAPQ, AB = 6.5 cm, BC = 8 cm, 4 50
PQ = 4 cm and AP = 2.8 cm. PQ = 50 #6
4
We have BC || PQ
= 75 m
Due to alternate angles
76. In the given figure, AB = AC. E is a point on CB 78. In the given figure, CD | | LA and DE | | AC. Find the
produced. If AD is perpendicular to BC and EF length of CL, if BE = 4 cm and EC = 2 cm.
perpendicular to AC , prove that TABD is similar
to TCEF.
In TABC, DE || AC, BE = 4 cm and EC = 2 cm
By BPT BD = BE ...(1)
DA EC
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] In TABL, DC || AL
In TABD and TCEF, we have BD = BC
By BPT ...(2)
DA CL
AB = AC
From equations (1) and (2),
Thus +ABC = +ACB BE = BC
+ABD = +ECF EC CL
4 = 6 & CL = 3 cm
+ADB = +EFC (Each 90º) 2 CL
Due to AA similarity
79. In the given figure, DE | | AC and DF | | AE. Prove
TABD ~TECF Hence proved
that BE = BE .
FE EC
77. In the given figure, if AD = BC, prove that
AB2 + CD2 = BD2 + AC2 .
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi STD, 2012]
In TABC, DE || AC, (Given)
By BPT BD = BE ...(1)
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] DA EC
In right TADC, In TABE, DF || AE, (Given)
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 ...(1) By BPT BD = BF ...(2)

DA FE
In right TADB, From (1) and (2), we have
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ...(2) BF = BE .
FE EC
Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we have
AB2 - AC2 = BD2 - CD2
AB2 + CD2 = AC2 + BD2 .
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS 81. In the figure, +BED = +BDE and E is the mid-
point of BC . Prove that AF = AD .
CF BE
80. In the given figure, DEFG is a square and
+BAC = 90c. Show that FG2 = BG # FC .
We have redrawn the given figure as shown below.

Sol : [Board 2019 Comp.]
We have redrawn the given figure as below. Here

CG | | FD .
In TADE and TGBD , we have

+DAE = +BGD [each 90c]
+ADE = +GDB
Thus by AA similarity criterion,
TADE + TGBD
Now, in TADE and TFEC , We have +BED = +BDE
+EAD = +CFE [each 90c] Since E is mid-point of BC ,
BE = BD = EC ...(1)
+AED = +FCE
In TBCG , DE || FG
From (1) we have
TADE + TFEC
BD = BE = 1
Since TADE + TGBD and TADE + TFEC we DG EC
have
BD = DG = EC = BE
TGBD + TFEC
In TADF, CG || FD
Thus GB = GD
FE FC By BPT AG = AC
Since DEFG is square, we obtain, GD CF
AG + GD = AF + CF
BG = FG
GD CF
FG FC
, AD = AF
Therefore FG2 = BG # FC Hence Proved GD CF
Thus AF = AD
CF BE
82. In Figure, if TABC + TDEF and their sides of 83. In a rectangle ABCD , P is any interior point. Then
lengths (in cm) are marked along them, then find the prove that PA2 + PC2 = PB2 + PD2 .
lengths of sides of each triangle.
As per information given we have drawn figure below.
Since TABC + TDEF , we have Here P is any point in the interior of rectangle ABCD.
We have drawn a line MN through point P and
AB = DE
BC EF parallel to AB and CD .
2x - 1 = 18 We have to prove PA2 + PC2 = PB2 + PD2
2x + 2 3x + 9 Since AB z MN , AM z BN and +A = 90c, thus
(2x - 1) (3x + 9) = 18 (2x + 2) ABNM is rectangle. MNCD is also a rectangle.
(2x - 1) (x + 3) = 6 (2x + 2) Here, PM = AD and PN = BC ,
AM = BN and MD = NC ...(1)
2x2 - x + 6x - 3 = 12x + 12
Now, in TAMP , PA2 = AM2 + MP2 ...(2)
2
2x + 5x - 12x - 15 = 0
In TPMD , PD2 = MP2 + MD2 ...(3)
2x2 - 7x - 15 = 0 2 2 2
In TPNB , PB = PN + BN ...(4)
2x2 - 10x + 3x - 15 = 0 In TPNC , 2
PC = PN + NC 2 2
...(5)
2x (x - 5) + 3 (x - 5) = 0 From equation (2) and (5) we obtain,
(x - 5) (2x + 3) = 0 & x = 5 or x = - 3 PA2 + PC2 = AM2 + MP2 + PN2 + NC2

2
Using equation (1) we have
But x = - 3 is not possible, thus x = 5 .
2 PA2 + PC2 = BN2 + MP2 + PN2 + MD2
Now in TABC , we get = (BN2 + PN2) + (MP2 + MD2)
AB = 2x - 1
Using equation (3) and (4) we have
= 2#5-1 = 9
PA2 + PC2 = PB2 + PD2
BC = 2x + 2
84. In Figure DEFG is a square in a triangle ABC right
= 2 # 5 + 2 = 12
angled at A. Prove that
AC = 3x (i) TAGF + TDBG (ii) TAGF + TEFC
= 3 # 5 = 15
and in TDEF , we get
DE = 18
EF = 3x + 9
= 3 # 5 + 9 = 24
DE = 6x
= 6 # 5 = 30
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi, OD Basic]

diagonal and a diagonal of parallelogram divides it

into two equal Areas.
Hence ar ^TBDF h = ar ^TDEF h ...(1)
Similarly ar ^TCDE h = ar ^TDEF h ...(2)
ar ^TAFE h = ar ^TDEF h ...(3)
ar ^TDEF h = ar ^TDEF h ...(4)
Adding equation (1), (2), (3) and (4), we have
ar ^TBDF h + ar ^TCDE h + ar ^TAFE h + ar ^TDEF h
Here ABC is a triangle in which +BAC = 90c and = 4ar ^TDEF h
DEFG is a square.
(i) In TAGF and TDBG ar ^TABC h = 4ar ^TDEF h
+GAF = +BDG (each 90c) ar ^TDEF h
=1
Due to corresponding angles, ar ^TABC h 4
+AGF = +GBD 86. In Figure , +ACB = 90c and CD = AB , prove that

CD2 = BD # AD .
TAGF + TDBG Hence Proved
(ii) In TAGF and TEFC ,
+GAF = +CEF (each 90c)
Due to corresponding angles,
+AFG = +FCE
TAGF + TEFC Hence Proved
85. In TABC, the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
are D , E and F respectively. Find ratio of ar (TDEF)
to ar ^TABC.h In TACB we have

+ACB = 90c
As per given condition we have given the figure below. and CD = AB
Here F, E and D are the mid-points of AB, AC and Thus AB2 = CA2 + CB2 ...(1)
BC respectively.
In TCAD , +ADC = 90c, thus we have
CA2 = CD2 + AD2 ...(2)
and in TCDB , +CDB = 90c, thus we have
CB2 = CD2 + BD2 ...(3)
Adding equation (2) and (3), we get
CA2 + CB2 = 2CD2 + AD2 + BD2
Substituting AB2 from equation (1) we have
AB2 = 2CD2 + AD2 + BD2
AB2 - AD2 = BD2 + 2CD2
Hence, FE | | BC, DE | | AB and DF | | AC
By mid-point theorem, ÂB + AD hÂB - AD h = BD2 + 2CD2
If DE || BA then DE || BF ÂB + AD h BD - BD2 = 2CD2
and if FE || BC then FE || BD BD 6ÂB + AD h - BD@ = 2CD2
Therefore FEDB is a parallelogram in which DF is BD 6AD + ÂB - BD h@ = 2CD2
BD 6AD + AD@ = 2CD2 We have redrawn the given figure as below.

2
BD # 2AD = 2CD
CD2 = BD # AD Hence Proved
87. Prove that the sum of squares on the sides of a

rhombus is equal to sum of squares of its diagonals.
Let, ABCD is a rhombus and we know that diagonals

of a rhombus bisect each other at 90º.
It may be easily seen that RQ = PQ and XZ = PQ

or XZ || YQ .
Similarly XY || ZQ
Since +PQR = 90c, thus XYQZ is a rectangle.
In TXZQ, +1 + +2 = 90º ...(1)
and in TPZX, +3 + +4 = 90º ...(2)
XQ = PR or, +2 + +3 = 90º ...(3)
From eq. (1) and (3), +1 = +3
From eq. (2) and (3), +2 = +4
Now AO = OC & AO2 = OC2
BO = OD & BO2 = OD2
TPZX ~TXZQ
and +AOB = 90º
PZ = XZ
AB2 = OA2 + BO2 = x2 + y2 XZ ZQ
Similarly, AD2 = OA2 + OD2 = x2 + y2 XZ2 = PZ # ZQ Hence proved
2 2 2 2 2
CD = OC + OD = x + y
89. In TABC, if +ADE = +B, then prove that
CB2 = OC2 + OB2 = x2 + y2 TADE ~TABC.
AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + DA2 = 4x2 + 4y2 Also, if AD = 7.6 cm, AE = 7.2 cm, BE = 4.2 cm and
BC = 8.4 cm, then find DE.
= ^2x h2 + ^2y h2
AB + BC + CD + AD = AC2 + BD2
2 2 2 2
Hence Proved
88. TPQR is right angled at Q . QX = PR, XY = RQ and

XZ = PQ are drawn. Prove that XZ2 = PZ # ZQ.
In TADE and TABC, +A is common.

and we have +ADE = +ABC
TADE ~TABC
AD = DE
AB BC Thus AO : AX = AF : AB Hence Proved
AD = DE
AE + BE BC 91. In TABC, AD is the median to BC and in TPQR, PM
is the median to QR. If AB = BC = AD . Prove that
7.6 = DE PQ QR PM
4.2 + 4.2 8.4 TABC~TPQR .
DE = .6 # 8.4 = 5.6 cm
7 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012, 2013]
11.4
90. In TABC, AD is a median and O is any point on AD. below.
BO and CO on producing meet AC and AB at E
and F respectively. Now AD is produced to X such
that OD = DX as shown in figure.
Prove that :
(1) EF | | BC
(2) AO : AX = AF : AB
In TABC AD is the median, therefore

Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] BC = 2BD
Since BC and OX bisect each other, BXCO is a and in TPQR , PM is the median,
parallelogram. Therefore BE | | XC and BX | | CF . QR = 2QM
In TABX, by BPT we get, AB = AD = BC
Given,
AF = AO ..(1) PQ PM QR
FB OX AB AD
or, = = 2BD
In TAXC, AE = AO ...(2) PQ PM 2QM
EC OX In triangles ABD and PQM,
From (1) and (2) we get AB = AD = BD
AF = AE PQ PM QM
FB EC By SSS similarity we have
By converse of BPT we have TABD ~TPQM
EF || BC By CPST we have
+B = +Q,
From (1) we get OX = FB
OA AF In TABC and TPQR,
OX + OA = FB + AF AB = BC
OA AF PQ QR
AX = AB By SAS similarity we have
OA AF
AO +B = +Q,
= AF
AX AB
Thus TABC ~TPQR. Hence Proved.
92. In the right triangle, B is a point on AC such that

AB + AD = BC + CD. If AB = x, BC = h and
CD = d, then find x (in term of h and d).
Since TFEC , TGBD

EC = BD ...(1)
Since +1 = +2 , using isosceles triangle property
AE = AD ...(2)
From equation (1) and (2), we have
AE = AD
We have redrawn the given figure as below. BD
EC
DE || BC, (Converse of BPT)
+1 = +3 and +2 = +4
Thus in TADE and TABC,
+A = +A
+1 = +3
+2 = +4
Thus by AAA criterion of similarity,
We have AB + AD = BC + CD TADE~TABC Hence proved
AD = BC + CD - AB
94. ABCD is a rhombus whose diagonal AC makes an
AD = h + d - x
angle a with AB. If cos a = 23 and OB = 3 cm, find
In right TACD, we have the length of its diagonals AC and BD .
AD2 = AC2 + DC2
^h + d - x h2 = ^x + h h2 + d
2
^h + d - x h2 - ^x + h h2 = d
2
^h + d - x - x - h h^h + d - x + x + h h = d
2
^d - 2x h^2h + d h = d
2
2hd + d2 - 4hx - 2xd = d2

2hd = 4hx + 2xd
= 2 ^2h + d h x
hd Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
or, x =
2h + d
We have cos a = 2 and OB = 3 cm
3
93. In the following figure, TFEC , TGBD and
+1 = +2 . Prove that TADE , TABC. In TAOB, cos a = 2 = AO
3 AB
Let OA = 2x then AB = 3x
Now in right angled triangle TAOB we have 3AC2 + 5AD2 = 3 ÂB2 + 9x2h + ÂB2 + x2h
AB2 = AO2 + OB2 = 3AB2 + 27x2 + 5AB2 + 5x2
^3x h2 = ^2x h2 + ^3 h2 = 8AB2 + 32x2
9x2 = 4x2 + 9 = 8 (AB2 + 4x2) = 8AE2
5x2 = 9 Thus 3AC2 + 5AD2 = 8AE2 Hence Proved
x = 9 = 3
5 96. Let ABC be a triangle D and E be two points on side
5
AB such that AD = BE. If DP | | BC and EQ | | AC,
OA = 2x = 2 c 3 = 6 cm
5m
Hence, then prove that PQ | | AB.
5
AB = 3x = 3 c 3 9 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
5m
and = cm
5 As per given condition we have drawn the figure
Diagonal BD = 2 # OB = 2 # 3 = 6 cm below.
and AC = 2AO
= 2 # 6 = 12 cm
5 5
95. In the given figure, D and E trisect BC. Prove that
8AE2 = 3AC2 + 5AD2 .
In TABC, DP || BC
By BPT we have AD = AP , ...(1)
DB PC
Similarly, in TABC , EQ || AC
BQ
= BE ...(2)
QC EA
As per given condition we have drawn the figure From figure, EA = AD + DE
below. = BE + ED ( BE = AD )
= BD
Therefore equation (2) becomes,
BQ
= AD ...(3)
QC BD
From (1) and (3), we have
AP = BQ
PC QC
By converse of BPT,
PQ || AB Hence Proved
Since D and E trisect BC , let BD = DE = EC be x .
97. Prove that in a right triangle, the square of the
Then BE = 2x and BC = 3x
hypotenuse is equal to sum of squares of other two
In TABE , AE2 = AB2 + BE2 = AB2 + 4x2 ...(1) sides. [Board 2020 Delhi Basic, 2019 Delhi, 2018]
In TABC , AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = AB2 + 9x2 ...(2) or

Prove that in a right triangle, the square of the
In TADB , AD2 = AB2 + BD2 = AB2 + x2 ...(3)
hypotenuse is equal to sum of squares of other two
Multiplying (2) by 3 and (3) by 5 and adding we have
sides. Using the above result, prove that, in rhombus We have drawn diagonal AC and BD .
ABCD, 4AB2 = AC2 + BD2 .
AO = OC = 1 AC
2
Sol : [Board Term -2 SQP 2017, 2015]
(1) As per given condition we have drawn the figure and BO = OD = 1 BD

2
below. Here AB = BC .
AC = BD
We have drawn BE = AC
Since diagonal of rhombus bisect each other at right
angle,
+AOB = 90º
AB2 = OA2 + OB2
2
= b AC l + b BD l
2
2 2
2 2
= AC + BD
4 4
or 4AB2 = AC2 + BD2 Hence proved
In TAEB and TABC +A common and 98. Vertical angles of two isosceles triangles are equal. If
their areas are in the ratio 16 : 25, then find the ratio
+E = +B (each 90º)
of their altitudes drawn from vertex to the opposite
By AA similarity we have side.
TAEB ~TABC Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
AE = AB As per given condition we have drawn the figure
AB AC below.
AB2 = AE # AC
Now, in TCEB and TCBA, +C is common and
+E = +B (each 90º)
By AA similarity we have
TAEB ~TCBA
CE = BC
BC AC
BC2 = CE # AC ...(2)
Here +A = +P +B = +C and +Q = +R
AB2 + BC2 = AE # AC + CE # AC
Let +A = +P be x .
= AC (AE + CE)
In TABC, +A + +B + +C = 180º
= AC # AC
x + +B + +B = 180º (+B = +C )
Thus AB2 + BC2 = AC2 Hence proved
2+B = 180º - x
(2) As per given condition we have drawn the figure
below. Here ABCD is a rhombus. +B = 180º - x ...(1)
2
Now, in TPQR ,
+P + +Q + +R = 180º (+Q = +R )
2
x + +Q + +Q = 180º
2+Q = 180º - x
+Q = 180º - x
2
In TABC and TPQR,
+A = +P [Given] 3 5
2
BC2
c 2 m = AB + 4
2
+B = +Q [From eq. (1) and (2)]

45 = AB2 + BC2 ...(2)
Due to AA similarity, 4 4
TABC ~TPQR 2
In TEBC, CE2 = BC2 + AB ..(3)
4
ar ^TABC h 2
Now = AD2
ar ^TPQRh PE Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1),
16 = AD2 3BC2 = 25 - 45 = 55
25 PE2 4 4 4
4 = AD BC2 = 55 ...(4)
5 PE 3
Thus AD = 4 From equation (2) we have

PE 5
AB2 + 55 = 45
99. In the figure, ABC is a right triangle, right angled at 12 4
B. AD and CE are two medians drawn from A and 45
AB =2
- 55 = 20
C respectively. If AC = 5 cm and AD = 3 2 5 cm, find 4 12 3
the length of CE. From equation (3) we get
CE2 = 55 + 20 = 240 = 20
3 3#4 12
Thus CE = 20 = 2 5 cm.
100. If a line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to

intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the
other two sides are divided in the same ratio. Prove it.
Sol : [Board 2019 OD, SQP 2020 STD, 2012]
A triangle ABC is given in which DE | | BC. We have

drawn DN = AE and EM = AD as shown below.
We have joined BE and CD.
We have redrawn the given figure as below.
In TADE,
area ^TADE h = 1 # AE # DN ...(1)

2
Here in TABC, +B = 90º , AD and CE are two In TDEC,
medians.
area ^TDCE h = 1 # CE # DN ...(2)
2
Also we have AC = 5 cm and AD = 3 5
2 .
Dividing equation (1) by (2) we have,
By Pythagoras theorem we get
area ^TADE h 1
# AE # DN
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = ^5 h2 = 25 ...(1) area ^TDEC h
= 21
2 # CE # DN
In TABD, AD2 = AB2 + BD2 area ^TADE h
or, = AE ...(3)
area ^TDEC h CE
Now in TADE, = 4 BC2 + AC2

9
area ^TADE h = 1 # AD # EM ...(4) or, 9AQ2 = 4BC2 + 9AC2 ...(1)
2
and in TDEB, Similarly, we get
area ^TDEB h = 1 # EM # BD ...(5) 9BP2 = 9BC2 + 4AC2 ...(2)
2
Dividing eqn. (4) by eqn. (5), Adding equation (1) and (2), we get
area ^TADE h 1
# AD # EM 9 ÂQ2 + BP2h = 13AB2
= 21
area ^TDEB h 2 # BD # EM
In a trapezium ABCD, AB | | DC and DC = 2AB.
area ^TADE h
102.
or, = AD ...(6) EF = AB, where E and F lies on BC and AD
area ^TDEB h BD BE
respectively such that EC = 43 diagonal DB intersects
Since TDEB and TDEC lie on the same base DE EF at G. Prove that, 7EF = 11AB.
and between two parallel lines DE and BC.
area ^TDEB h = area ^TDEC h
From equation (3) we have below.
area ^TADE h
= AE ...(7)
area ^TDEB h CE
From equations (6) and (7) we get
AE = AD . Hence proved.
CE BD
101. In a right triangle ABC, right angled at C. P and Q
are points of the sides CA and CB respectively, which
divide these sides in the ratio 2 : 1.
Prove that : 9AQ2 = 9AC2 + 4BC2 In trapezium ABCD,
2 2 2
9BP = 9BC + 4AC AB || DC and DC = 2AB.
9 ÂQ + BP h = 13AB
2 2 2
Also, BE = 4
EC 3
Sol :
Thus EF || AB | | CD
below. AF = BE = 4
FD EC 3
In TBGE and TBDC, +B is common and due to
corresponding angles,
+BEG = +BCD
Due to AA similarity we get
TBGE ~TBDC
, EG = BE ...(1)
CD BC
As, BE =4
EC 3
BE = 4 =4
Since P divides AC in the ratio 2 : 1 BE + EC 4+3 7
BE =4
CP = 2 AC BC 7
...(2)
3
and Q divides CB in the ratio 2 : 1 From (1) and (2) we have
QC = 2 BC EG = 4
3 CD 7
AQ2 = QC2 + AC2
, EG = 4 CD ...(3) By SAS congruency

7
TABD , TEDC
Similarly, TDGF ~TDBA
AB = CE (By CPCT)
DF = FG
DA AB Similarly, PQ = RN and +A = +2
FG = 3 AB = AD = AC
AB 7 (Given)
PQ PM PR
FG = 3 AB ...(4) , CE = 2AD = AC
7 RN 2PM PR
AF 4 BE EC 3 DE
:AD = 7 = BC & BC = 7 = DA D CE = AE = AC
RN PN PR
Adding equation (3) and (4) we have By SSS similarity, we have
EG + FG = 4 DC + 3 AB TAEC ~TPNR
7 7
EF = 4 # ^2AB h + 3 AB +3 = +4
7 7
+1 = +2
= 8 AB + 3 AB = 11 AB
7 7 7 +1 + +3 = +2 + +4
7EF = 11AB Hence proved. By SAS similarity, we have
103. Sides AB and AC and median AD of a triangle ABC TABC ~TPQR Hence Proved
are respectively proportional to sides PQ and PR
and median PM of another triangle PQR. Show that 104. In TABC, AD = BC and point D lies on BC such
TABC~TPQR. that 2DB = 3CD. Prove that 5AB2 = 5AC2 + BC2 .
It is given that in TABC and TPQR, AD and PM It is given in a triangle TABC, AD = BC and point
are their medians, D lies on BC such that 2DB = 3CD.
AB = AD = AC As per given condition we have drawn the figure
such that below.
PQ PM PR
We have produce AD to E such that AD = DE and
produce PM to N such that PM = MN. We join CE
and RN. As per given condition we have drawn the
figure below.
Since 2DB = 3CD

DB = 3
CD 2
Let DB be 3x, then CD will be 2x so BC = 5x .
Since +D = 90º in TADB, we have
AB2 = AD2 + DB2 = AD2 + ^3x h2
In TABD and TEDC,
= AD2 + 9x2
AD = DE (By construction)
5AB2 = 5AD2 + 45x2
+ADB = +EDC (VOA)
5AD2 = 5AB2 - 45x2 ...(1)
BD = DC (AD is a median)
and AC2 = AD2 + CD2 = AD2 + ^2x h2

= AD2 + 4x2
5AC2 = 5AD2 + 20x2
5AD2 = 5AC2 - 20x2 ...(2)
Comparing equation (1) and (2) we have
5AB2 - 45x2 = 5AC2 - 20x2
5AB2 = 5AC2 - 20x2 + 45x2
= 5AC2 + 25x2 In triangle sum of squares of any two sides is equal to
twice the square of half of the third side, together
= 5AC2 + ^5x h2
with twice the square of median bisecting it.
= 5AC2 + BC2 [ BC = 5x ] If AD is the median,
2 2 2 2
Therefore 5AB = 5AC + BC Hence proved AB2 + AC2 = 2 &AD2 + BC 0
4
105. Find the length of the second diagonal of a rhombus, 2 ÂB2 + AC2h = 4AD2 + BC2 ...(1)
whose side is 5 cm and one of the diagonals is 6 cm.
Similarly by taking BE and CF as medians,
Sol : [Board 2010]
2 ÂB2 + BC2h = 4BE2 + AC2 ...(2)
below. and 2 ÂC + BC h = 4CF + AB
2 2 2 2
...(3)
Adding, (1), (2) and (iii), we get
3 ÂB2 + BC2 + AC2h = 4 ÂD2 + BE2 + CF2h
Hence proved
107. ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC =

10 cm BC = 12 cm PQRS is a rectangle inside the
isosceles triangle. Given PQ = SR = y, PS = PR = 2x
3y
. Prove that x = 6 - .
4
Sol : [Board 2008]

below.
We have AB = BC = CD = AD = 5 cm and AC = 6 cm
Since AO = OC , AO = 3 cm
Here TAOB is right angled triangle as diagonals of
rhombus intersect at right angle.
OB = 4 cm.
Since DO = OB, BD = 8 cm, length of the other
diagonal = 2 (BO) where BO = 4 cm
Hence BD = 2 # BO = 2 # 4 = 8 cm
Here we have drawn AL = BC.
106. Prove that three times the sum of the squares of the Since it is isosceles triangle, AL is median of BC ,
sides of a triangle is equal to four times the sum of the BL = LC = 6 cm.
squares of the medians of the triangle.
In right TALB, by Pythagoras theorem,
Sol : [Board 2009]
AL2 = AB2 - BL2
below. = 102 - 62 = 64 = 82
Thus AL = 8 cm. NQ = 2A
PR
In TBPQ and TBLA, angle +B is common and
Altitude, NQ = 2Ab Hence Proved.
+BPQ = +BLA = 90º 4A2 + b 4
Thus by AA similarity we get 109. In given figure +1 = +2 and TNSQ ~TMTR, then
TBPQ ~+BLA prove that TPTS ~TPRO.
PB = BL
PQ AL
6-x = 6
y 8
3y
x = 6- Hence proved.
4
108. If A be the area of a right triangle and b be one of the
sides containing the right angle, prove that the length
of the altitude on the hypotenuse is 2Ab .
b 4 + 4A2
Sol : [Board 2008]
We have TNSQ , TMTR
below. By CPCT we have
+SQN = +TRM
From angle sum property we get
+P + +1 + +2 = +P + +PQR + +PRQ
+1 + +2 = +PQR + +PRQ
Since +1 = +2 and +PQR = +PRQ we get
2+1 = 2+PQR
+1 = +PQR
Also +2 = +QPR (common)
Let QR = b , then we have
Thus by AAA similarity,
A = ar ^TPQRh
TPTS ~TPRQ
= 1 # b # PQ
2 110. In an equilateral triangle ABC, D is a point on the side
PQ = 2 $ A ...(1) BC such the BD = 13 BC. Prove that 9AD2 = 7AB2 .
b
Sol : [Board 2018, SQP 2017]
Due to AA similarity we have
As per given condition we have shown the figure
TPNQ ~TPQR below. Here we have drawn AP = BC .
PQ NQ
= ...(2)
PR QR
From TPQR
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
4A2 + b2 = PR2
b2
PR = 4A2 + b 4
b2
Equation (2) becomes
2A NQ
=
b # PR b
Here AB = BC = CA and BD = 1 BC. the angle opposite the first side is a right angle.
3
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi STD, 2019 OD]
In TADP,
We have a triangle ABC in which
AD2 = AP2 + DP2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
= AP + ^BP - BD h
2 2
We have to prove that the angle +B is a right angle.
= AP2 + BP2 + BD2 + 2BP $ BD
From TAPB using AP2 + BP2 = AB2 we have
AD2 = AB2 + b 1 BC l - 2 b BC lb BC l
2
3 2 3
2 2
= AB2 + AB - AB = 7 AB2
9 3 9
9AD2 = 7AB2 Hence Proved
111. Diagonals of a trapezium PQRS intersect each other We draw TPQR right angled at Q such that
at the point O, PQ | | RS and PQ = 3RS . Find the
PQ = AB
ratio of the areas of triangles POQ and ROS .
and QP = BC
Sol : [Board 2019 OD, 2015]
As per given information in question we have drawn

the figure given below.
In TPQR , +Q = 90c
Here PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ z RS and
PQ = 3RS PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
PQ Since, by construction PQ = AB and QR = BC thus
Thus =3 ...(1) we have
RS 1
In TPOQ and TROS , due to vertically opposite PR2 = AB2 + BC2 ...(1)
angle alternate angles, 2 2 2
Also, given AC = AB + BC ...(2)
+SOR = +QOP
From equation (1) and (2) we get
and due to alternate angle PR2 = AC2
+SRO = +OPQ PR = AC ...(3)
By AAA similarity criterion, Now, in TABC and TPQR
TPOQ + TROS AC = PR From (3)
By property of area of similar triangles AB = PQ By construction
ar (TPOQ) (PQ) 2 PQ 2 BC = QR By construction
= b3l
2
= 2 =b l 1
ar (TSOR) (RS) RS
Thus by SSS congruence rule we obtain
ar (TPOQ) 9
Thus = TABC OTPQR
ar (TSOR) 1
Now by CPCT, +B = +Q
112. In a triangle, if square of one side is equal to the sum
of the squares of the other two sides, then prove that Since, +Q = 90c, we get
+B = 90c Hence Proved
113. In TABC, the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB In TADB, by Pythagoras theorem
are D , E and F respectively. Find ratio of ar (TDEF) AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ...(1)
to ar (TABC)
In TADC, By Pythagoras theorem,
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 = AD2 + ^BC + BD h2
As per given condition we have given the figure below.
Here F, E and D are the mid-points of AB, AC and = AD2 + BC2 + 2BC # BD + BD2
BC respectively.
= ÂD2 + BD2h + 2BC # BD
Substituting ÂD2 + BD2h = AB2 we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BC # BD
115. If the area of two similar triangles are equal, prove

that they are congruent.
Sol : [Board 2018, 2012]

below.
Hence, FE | | BC, DE | | AB and DF | | AC
By mid-point theorem,
If DE || BA then DE || BF
and if FE || BC then FE || BD
Therefore FEDB is a parallelogram in which DF is
diagonal and a diagonal of parallelogram divides it
into two equal Areas.
Hence ar ^TBDF h = ar ^TDEF h ...(1) We have TABC ~TPQR,
Similarly ar ^TCDE h = ar ^TDEF h ...(2) and ar (TABC) = ar (TPQR)
ar ^TAFE h = ar ^TDEF h ...(3) Since TABC ~TPQR , we have
ar ^TDEF h = ar ^TDEF h ...(4) ar ^TABC h 2 2 2
= AB2 = BC2 = CA 2 ...(1)
Adding equation (1), (2), (3) and (4), we have ar ^TPQRh PQ QR RP
ar ^TBDF h + ar ^TCDE h + ar ^TAFE h + ar ^TDEF h Since ar ^TABC h = ar ^TPQRh we have
= 4ar ^TDEF h ar (TABC)
=1
ar (TPQR)
ar ^TABC h = 4ar ^TDEF h
From equation (1), we get
ar ^TDEF h
=1 AB2 = BC2 = CA2 = 1
ar ^TABC h 4 PQ2 QR2 RP2
114. If TABC is an obtuse angled triangle, obtuse angled AB = BC = CA = 1
at B and if AD = CB. Prove that : PQ QR RP
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BC # BD AB = PQ,
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] BC = QR
As per given condition we have drawn the figure and CA = RA
below.
By SSS similarity we have
TABC , TPQR
116. Prove that ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is

equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding
sides.
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi, OD 2019, SQP 2017, 2015]

below. Here TABC ~TPQR
We have drawn AD = BC and PE = QR .

Since TABC ~TPQR , due to corresponding sides of
similar triangles
(i) What is the horizontal distance from C to the
AB = AC = AC ...(1) taller pole?
PQ QR PR
(ii) How high above the ground is the coupling ?
+B = +Q
(iii) How far down the wire from the smaller pole is
Thus in TADB and TPEQ, +B = +Q and the coupling ?
+ADB = +PEQ [each 90º]
Sol :
Due to AA similarity we have The poles form parallel line segments and the wires
TADB ~TPEQ are transversals cutting through the ends of the
Corresponding sides of similar triangle, parallel segments.
AD = AB ...(2)
PE PQ
From equation (1) and equation (2) we have
AB = BC = AC = AD ...(3)
PQ QR PR PE
1
ar (TABC) # BC # AD
Now, = 2
ar (TPQR) 1
# QR # PE
2
= BC # AD
QR PE
= BC # BC
QR QR
From equation (3) we have
ar (TABC) 2
= BC2 ...(4)
ar (TPQR) QR
From equation (3) and equation (4) we have
ar (TABC) 2 2 Here +CFE is a right angle.
= c AB m = c BC m = b AC l
2
ar (TPQR) PQ QR PR By AA similarity 3 AEB + 3 CEF

Thus x = a
COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS 40 30
30x = 40a
30 x = a
117. Two poles, 30 feet and 50 feet tall, are 40 feet apart 40
and perpendicular to the ground. The poles are By AA similarity 3 CBF + 3 DBE
supported by wires attached from the top of each pole
a = 40 - x
to the bottom of the other, as in the figure. A coupling 50 40
is placed at C where the two wires cross.
40a = 50 ^40 - x h
Substituting value of a we have

40 c 30 x m = 2000 - 50x
40
30x = 2000 - 50x
80x = 2000
x = 25
(i) So, the distance from C to the taller pole is 25 feet. Since the triangles formed are similar, a proportion
(ii) x = 40 can be written.
a 30
height of the tree tree shadow length
30x = 40a =
height of the fence fence shadow length
30 ^25h = 40a x = 11.3
4 2.5
750 = 40a & x = 18.75 feet
x # 2.5 = 4 ^11.3h
The coupling is 18.75 feet above the ground.
2.5x = 45.2 & x = 18.08
(iii) Let y represent the length of the wire from the
smaller pole. The height of the tree is 18.08 feet.
302 + 402 = y2 & y = 50 119. Wall Paint : A painter sets a ladder up to reach the
Let z represent the length of the wire from the top of bottom of a second-story window 16 feet above the
the smaller pole to the coupling. ground. The base of the ladder is 12 feet from the
z - house. While the painter mixes the paint, a neighbour’s
= 40 25
50 - z 25 dog bumps the ladder, which moves the base 2 feet
25z = 15 (50 - z) farther away from the house. How far up the side of
the house does the ladder reach?
5z = 3 (50 - z)
5z = 150 - 3z
150
8z = 150 & z = 8 = 17.5
The coupling is 18.75 feet down the wire from the top
of the smaller pole.
118. Aakesh wanted to determine the height of a tree on

the corner of his block. He knew that a certain fence
by the tree was 4 feet tall. At 3 PM, he measured
the shadow of the fence to be 2.5 feet tall. Then he
measured the tree’s shadow to be 11.3 feet. What is
the height of the tree?
Sol :
We draw a diagram of the situation as shown below.
Sol :
Let x be the height of the tree. We use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length
of the ladder, represented by y . x 2 + 82 = 10 2

122 + 162 = l2 x2 = 10 2 - 8 2 = 62
144 + 256 = l2 x =6
400 = l & l = 400 = 20 feet
2
y 2 = (21 - x)2 + 8 2
The ladder is 20 feet long. = (21 - 6)2 + 82
Now ^2 + 12h + h = l
2 2 2
= 152 + 82 = 172
^2 + 12h + h = 20
2 2 2
y = 17 m
142 + h2 = 202
Thus Anil should cut 17 m wire.
h = 202 - 142 = 204
= 2 51 121. Helicopter Patrolling : A helicopter is hovering over
a crowd of people watching a police standoff in a
. 14.3
parking garage across the street. Stewart notices the
The ladder reaches about 14.3 feet up the side of the shadow of the helicopter is lagging approximately 57
house. m behind a point directly below the helicopter. If he is
120. Windmill : A windmill is a device for tapping the 160 cm tall and casts a shadow of 38 cm at this time,
energy of the wind by means of sails mounted on a what is the altitude of the helicopter?
rotating shaft. Windmills still used today, mainly in
parts of the world which have traditionally relied on
them, are powered by electricity or water.
Sol :
Anil is constructing a 8 m tall windmill supported

by two wires. One wire must be 10 m long and the
distance between the wires must be 21 m. Anil wanted Here we will use property of similar triangle.
to know what length to cut for the other wire. height of the helicopter shadow of Helicopter
=
height of the stewart shadow of Stewart
Sol :
y
We draw a diagram of the situation as shown below. = 57
1.6 0.38
y = 57 # 1.6
0.38
= 57 # 160
38
= 3 # 160 = 240 m
2
122. The boxes used to ship some washing machines are

perfect cubes with edges a . Find the length of the
diagonal d of one side, and the length of the interior
diagonal D (through the middle of the box). Because of AA similarity we can write,
BC = AB
CD DE
x = 20 = 2
100 - x 30 3
3x = 2 (100 - x)
3x = 200 - 2x
3x + 2x = 200
5x = 200 & x = 200 = 40 m

5
Sol : 124. Two Ships : Two ships are cruising together on the
The diagonal of one side forms a 45-45-90 triangle open ocean at 6 nautical miles per hour. One of them
with side a . turns to make a angle 90c with the first and increases
d 2 = a2 + a 2 = 2a2 & d = 2 a speed, heading for port. Assuming the first ship
continues traveling at 6 knots, find the speed of the
The diagonal through the centre of cube form a right other ship if they are 10 mi apart after 1 hr.
triangle with side a and 2 a
D 2 = a2 + d2 = a2 + 2a2 = 3a2
D =a 3
123. Swimmer in Distress : A lifeguard located 20 metre

from the water spots a swimmer in distress. The
swimmer is 30 metre from shore and 100 metre east
of the lifeguard. Suppose the lifeguard runs and then
swims to the swimmer in a direct line, as shown in
the figure. How far east from his original position will
he enter the water? (Hint: Find the value of x in the
sketch.)
Sol :
We draw a diagram of the situation after 1 hour as
shown below.
Sol :
Here we will use property of similar triangle. We
We have d = 102 - 62
redraw the diagram of the situation as shown below.
= 8 mile
Since it travel 8 miles in hour, its speed is 8 nautical
mile/hour.
125. Rohan is very intelligent in maths. He always try to

relate the concept of maths in daily life. One day he is
walking away from the base of a lamp post at a speed
of 1 m/s. Lamp is 4.5 m above the ground.
4.5 = BD + 1.5
BD = 4.5 - 1.5 = 3 m
Time to reach at BD , t = 3 = 3 sec
1
(iii) As calculated in part (ii) we have BD = 3 m
(iv) After 4 sec, BD = 1 # 4 = 4
AB = BE = BD + DE
CD DE DE
4.5 = 4 + DE
1.5 DE
(i) If after 2 second, length of shadow is 1 meter, 3DE = 4 + DE & DE = 2 m
what is the height of Rohan ? (v) We have used AA similarity criterion.
(ii) What is the minimum time after which his shadow
will become larger than his original height? 126. Statue of a Pineapple : The Big Pineapple is a heritage-
listed tourist attraction at Nambour Connection
(iii) What is the distance of Rohan from pole at this Road, Woombye, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland,
point ? Australia. It was designed by Peddle Thorp and Harvey,
(iv) What will be the length of his shadow after 4 Paul Luff, and Gary Smallcombe and Associates. It is
seconds? also known as Sunshine Plantation. It was added to
the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 March 2009.
(v) Which similarity criterion is used in solving the
above problem
Sol :
(i) As per question statement we make the diagram at
following.
Ishita last year visited Nambour and wanted to find

the height of a statue of a pineapple. She measured
the pineapple’s shadow and her own shadow. Her
height is 156 cm and casts a shadow of 39 cm. The
At t = 2 seconds, BD = 2 # 1 = 2 m length of shadow of pineapple is 4 m. What is the
height of the pineapple?
DE = 1 m
Sol :
Since, ABE ` TCDE
AB = BE = BD + DE
CD DE DE
or, 4.5 = 2 + 1 = 3
CD 1
CD = 4.5 = 1.5 m = 150 cm
3
(ii) At point where shadow is equal to her height,
CD = DE = 1.5 m height of the pinaple shadow of pineaple
=
AB = BE = BD + DE height of Ishita shadow of Ishita
CD DE DE y 4
=
4.5 = BD + 1.5 1.56 0.39
1.5 1.5
y = 4 # 1.56
0.39
= 4 # 4 = 16 m
127. The law of reflection states that when a ray of light

reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reflection.
Now +AMB = +CMD

Also, +ABM = +CDM = 90c
So, by AA similarity criterion,
Ramesh places a mirror on level ground to determine
the height of a pole (with traffic light fired on it). He TAMB + TCDM
stands at a certain distance so that he can see the (ii) As TABM + TCDM we obtain,
top of the pole reflected from the mirror. Ramesh’s
AB = BM
eye level is 1.5 m above the ground. The distance of CD DM
Ramesh and the pole from the mirror are 1.8 m and
AB = 5
6 m respectively. 1.8 1.5
AB = 6 # 1.5 = 5 m
1.8
Thus, the height of the pole is 5 metres.
(iii) From the geometry of diagram we have
+MCD = i
MD
tan +MCD = CD
1.8 6
tan i = 1.5 = 5
(iv) On the basis of given information we have drawn
(i) Which criterion of similarity is applicable to the figure as follows:
similar triangles?
(ii) What is the height of the pole?
(iii) If angle of incidence is i , find tan i .
(iv) Now Ramesh move behind such that distance
between pole and Ramesh is 13 meters. He place
mirror between him and pole to see the reflection
of light in right position. What is the distance
between mirror and Ramesh ?
(v) What is the distance between mirror and pole?
Sol :
Once again due to AA similarity criterion,
(i) Since angle of incidence and angle of reflection are
the same, we draw the figure as given below. TAMB + TCDM
5 = 1.5
13 - x x
1 = 0.3
13 - x x
x = 3.9 - 0.3x
1.3x = 3.9 & x = 3
(v) Distance between mirror and pole, TABC ` TDEC

= 13 - x = 13 - 3 = 10 m
and +BAC = +CDE
128. Tania is very intelligent in maths. She always try to Therefore both are correct.
relate the concept of maths in daily life. One day she Thus (a) is correct.
plans to cross a river and want to know how far it is (iii) Since TABC and TDEC are similar triangle,
to the other side. She takes measurements on her side
AB = BC = CA
of the river and make the drawing as shown below. DE CE CD
Here S5 is not correct because AB = CA
DE CD
Thus (c) is correct.
(iv) We have AB = BC
DE CE
60 = 50 & x = 48 ft
x 40
(v) AC = 602 + 502 = 6100 = 71.8
CD = 402 + 482 = 3904 = 62.5
AD = AC + CD = 71.8 + 62.5
= 140.6 (Approx) . 140
129. Rani wants to make the curtains for her window as

shown in the figure. The window is in the shape of
(i) Which similarity criterion is used in solving the a rectangle, whose width and height are in the ratio
above problem ? 2 : 3 . The area of the window is 9600 square cm.
(ii) Consider the following statement :
S1 : +ACB = +DCE
S2 : +BAC = +CDE
Which of the above statement is/are correct.
(a) S1 and S2 both (b) S1
(c) S2 (d) None
(iii) Consider the following statement :
S3 : AB = CA
DE CD
S4 : BC = AB
CE DE
S5 : CA = DE
CD AB
Which of the above statements are correct ?
(a) S3 and S5 (b) S 4 and S5
(c) S3 and S 4 (d) All three
(iv) What is the distance x across the river? (i) What is the shape of the window that is uncovered?
(v) What is the approximate length of AD shown in (ii) What will be the ratio of two sides of each curtain
the figure? (other than hypotenuse) ?
Sol : (iii) What are the dimensions of the window ?
(i) We have used AA similarity criterion.
(iv) What will be the perimeter of the window ?
(ii) Here, +ABC = +DEC (90c each)
(v) How much window area is covered by the curtains?
Since vertical opposite angle are equal,
Sol :
+ACB = +DCE
(i) It is isosceles triangle.
Thus due to AA similarity criterion,
(ii) Let 2x be the width of window, then 3x will be

height of window because ratio is 2 : 3. Now width of
single curtain will be x because it is half of window.
Length of single curtain is equal the height of window.
Thus ratio is 3xx = 13
(iii) Area, 9600 = 2x # 3x = 6x2
x2 = 9600 = 1600
6
x = 1600 = 40 cm
Width, 2x = 80 cm
Length, 3x = 120 cm
(iv) Perimeter,
P = 2 (80 + 120) = 400 cm (i) What is the length of AH ?
(ii) What is the distance of point A from point G ?
(v)Area of both curtains = 2 # b 1 # 40 # 120 l
2
(iii) What is the distance of point A from point J?
= 40 # 120 = 4800
(iv) What is the distance GJ ?
Window area = 4800 # 100 = 50%
9600 Sol :
130. The centroid is the centre point of the object. It is (i) AF = h
also defined as the point of intersection of all the three h
HF = 4
medians. The median is a line that joins the midpoint
h 3h
of a side and the opposite vertex of the triangle. The AH = AF - HF = h - 4 = 4
centroid of the triangle separates the median in the
(ii) Here AF is the median to BC from A in 3 ABC
ratio of 2 : 1. It can be found by taking the average of
and G is centroid Thus AG = 23 AF
x- coordinate points and y-coordinate points of all the
vertices of the triangle. (iii) From part (ii)
2
See the figure given below AG = 3 AF
3
AF = 2 AG
Now AH is median to DE from A in 3 ADE
2
Thus AJ = 3 AH Since DE BC ,
3
From part (i) AH = 4 AF
2 3
Thus AJ = 3 # 4 AF
= 2 # 3 # 3 AG = 3 AG
3 4 2 4
(iv) GJ = AG - AJ
Here D, E and F are mid points of sides BC , AC = AG - 3 AG = 1 AG
4 4
and AB in same order. G is centroid, the centroid
(v) We have not used any of the above principal.
divides the median in the ratio 2 : 1 with the larger
part towards the vertex. Thus AG : GD = 2 : 1
On the basis of above information read the question ***********
below.
If G is Centroid of 3 ABC with height h and J is
centroid of 3 ADE . Line DE parallel to BC , cuts
the 3 ABC at a height h4 from BC . HF = h4 .
Chap 7 Coordinate Geometry Page 231
CHAPTER 7
Coordinate Geometry
ONE MARK QUESTIONS

2. Find the point on y -axis which is equidistant from the
points ^5, - 2h and ^- 3, 2h .
1. Find a point P on x -axis equidistant from the points Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
A (- 1, 0) and B (5, 0).
We have point A = ^5, - 2h and B = ^- 3, 2h
Let C ^0, a h be point on y -axis.
Let the position of the point P on x -axis be (x, 0), According to question, point C is equidistant from A
then and B .
PA2 = PB2 Thus AC = BC
2 2 2 2
(x + 1) + (0) = (5 - x) + (0) Using distance formula we have
^0 - 5h2 + â + 2h2 = ^0 + 3h2 + â - 2h2
2 2
x + 2x + 1 = 25 + x - 10x
2x + 10x = 25 - 1 25 + a2 + 4 + 4a = 9 + a2 + 4 - 4a
12x = 24 & x = 2 25 + a2 + 4 + 4a = 9 + a2 + 4 - 4a
Hence, the point P (x, 0) is (2, 0).
8a = - 16 & a = - 2
Alternative :
You may easily observe that both point A (- 1, 0) Hence, point on y -axis is ^0 - 2h .
and B (5, 0) lies on x -axis because y ordinate is zero.
Thus point P on x -axis equidistant from both point PRACTICE
must be mid point of A (- 1, 0) and B (5, 0).  Find the co-ordinates of the point on the y - axis
-1 + 5 which is equidistant from the points A ^5, 3h and
x= =2
2 B ^1, - 5h
PRACTICE [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
Ans : ^0, 12 h
 Write the coordinates of a point P on x -axis
which is equidistant from the points A ^- 2, 0h and
B ^6, 0h .
[Board 2019 OD] 3. Find the distance between the points
Ans : (- 4, 0) (a cos q + b sin q, 0), and (0, a sin q - b cos q)?
 Find the point on the x -axis which is equidistant We have x1 = a cos q + b sin q and y1 = 0
from the points A (- 2, 3) and B (5, 4) ? and x2 = 0 and y2 = a sin q - b cos q
[Board 2009]
d2 = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2
Ans : (2, 0)
= (0 - a cos q - b sin q) 2 + (a sin q - b cos q - 0) 2
= (- 1) 2 (a cos q + b sin q) 2 + (a sin q - b cos q) 2
 Find the point on the x-axis which is equidistant
from the points ^2, - 5h and ^- 2, 9h . = a2 cos2 q + b2 sin2 q + 2ab cos q sin q +
[Board Term-2 2012] + a2 sin2 q + b2 cos2 q - 2ab sin q cos q
Ans : ^- 7, 0h . = a2 (sin2 q + cos2 q) + b2 (sin2 q + cos2 q)
Page 232 Coordinate Geometry Chap 7
= a2 # 1 + b2 # 1 = a2 + b2
3y + 5 = 8
Thus d2 = a2 + b2
3y = 8 - 5 = 3 & y = 1
d = a2 + b2
PRACTICE
4. Find the co-ordinates of the point which is reflection
 If the point P (k, 0) divides the line segment
of point (- 3, 5) in x -axis.
joining the points A (2, - 2) and B (- 7, 4) in the
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] ratio 1 : 2, then what is the value of k ?
The reflection of point (- 3, 5) in x - axis is (- 3, - 5). [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
Ans : - 1
 If the point C (k, 4) divides the line segment

joining two points A (2, 6) and B (5, 1) in ratio 2
: 3, the value of k is ......... .
16
Ans : 5
7. Find the coordinates of a point A on y -axis, at a

distance of 4 units from x -axis and below it.
Because the point is 4 units down the x -axis

5. If A ^4, - 1h, B ^5, 3h, C ^2, y h and D ^1, 1h are the vertices i.e., co-ordinate is - 4 and on y -axis abscissa
of a parallelogram ABCD , find y. is 0. So, the coordinates of point A is (0, - 4) .
8. What is the distance of the point (- 12, 5) from the
Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. origin ?
Mid-points of AC and BD are same.
Sol :
-1 + y
Thus b 3, 2 l = ^3, 2h The distance between the origin and the point (x, y)
is x2 + y2 .
-1 + y
=2 & y=5 Therefore, the distance between the origin and point
2
(- 12, 5)
6. If the point P (6, 2) divides the line segment joining
d = (- 12 - 0) 2 + (5 - 0) 2
A (6, 5) and B (4, y) in the ratio 3 : 1 then what is the
value of y ? = 144 + 25 = 169
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] = 13 units
the figure below, 9. Find the ratio in which x -axis divides the line
segment joining A (2, - 3) and B (5, 6).
Let point P (x, 0) on x -axis divide the segment

joining points A (2, - 3) and B (5, 6) in ratio k : 1
Here, x1 = 6 , y1 = 5 , then
and x2 = 4 y2 = y m y + m2 y1
y = 1 2
m1 + m2
my2 + ny1
Now y =
m+n 0 = 6k - 3
k+1
3 y+1#5
2 = # 6k = 3 & k = 1
3+1 2
3y + 5 Therefore ratio is 1 : 2.
2 =
4
10. What is the distance of point P (3, 4) from x -axis? 12. The mid-point of the line-segment AB is P (0, 4), if
the coordinates of B are (- 2, 3) then find the co-
ordinates of A.
Point P (3, 4) is 4 units from the x -axis and 3 units
from the y -axis. Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Let point A be (x, y) .

Now using mid-point formula,
x-2 y+3m
(0, 4) = c 2 , 2
Thus 0 = x-2 & x = 2

2
y+3
and 4 = & y =5
2
Hence point A is (2, 5).
13. If the centre of a circle is (3, 5) and end points of a

diameter are (4, 7) and (2, y ), what is the value of y ?
PRACTICE
Since, centre is the mid-point of end points of the
 What is the distance of the point P (- 3, - 4) diameter.
from the x -axis? 7+y
(3, 5) = b 4 + 2 ,
[Board 2020 SQP Standard] 2 2 l
Ans : 4 Comparing both the sides, we get
7+y
5 =
2
11. If A ^ m3 , 5h is the mid-point of the line segment joining 7 + y = 10 & y = 3
the points Q (- 6, 7) and R (- 2, 3), then what is the
value of m ? 14. If the distance between the points A (4, p) and B (1, 0)
is 5 units then what are the values of p ?
Given points are Q (- 6, 7) and R (- 2, 3) Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Given, points are A (4, p) and B (1, 0).

Mid point A ^ m3 , 5h = b - 6 - 2 , 7 + 3 l
2 2
d = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2
= (- 4, 5)
5 = (1 - 4) 2 + (0 - p) 2
Equating, m = - 4 & m = - 12
3 25 = 9 + p2
PRACTICE p2 = 25 - 9 = 16
 If P ` a3 , 4 j is the mid-point of the line segment p =! 4
joining the points Q ^- 6, 5h and R ^- 2, 3h , then
what is the value of a ? 15. If the points A (4, 3) and B (x, 5) are on the circle with
[Board Term-2 2014] centre O (2, 3), then what is the value of x ?
Ans : - 12 Sol :
Since, A and B lie on the circle having centre O .
 Find the value of a, for which point P ^ a3 , 2h is the OA = OB
midpoint of the line segment joining the points (4 - 2) 2 + (3 - 3) 2 = (x - 2) 2 + (5 - 3) 2
Q ^- 5, 4h and R ^- 1, 0h .
[Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
2 = (x - 2) 2 + 4
Ans : - 9 4 = (x - 2) 2 + 4
(x - 2) 2 = 0 & x = 2
16. If three points (0, 0), (3, 3 ) and (3, l) form an 3 + k = 10 & k = 10 - 3 = 7
equilateral triangle, then what is the value of l ?
20. The ordinate of a point A on y-axis is 5 and B has
Sol : co-ordinates ^- 3, 1h . Find the length of AB.
Let the given points are A (0, 0), B (3, 3 )
and C (3, l) .
We have A ^0, 5h and B ^- 3, 1h .
Since, TABC is an equilateral triangle,
therefore Distance between A and B ,
AB = AC AB = ^x2 - x1h2 + ^y2 - y1h2
(3 - 0) 2 + ( 3 - 0) 2 = (3 - 0) 2 + (l - 0) 2 = ^- 3 - 0h2 + ^1 - 5h2
9 + 3 = 9 + l2 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
2
l = 3 & l =! 3
21. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is
17. The co-ordinate of the point dividing the line segment diameter of a circle whose centre is (2, - 3) and B is
joining the points A (1, 3) and B (4, 6) in the ratio the point (1, 4).
2 : 1 is ......... . Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic] As per question we have shown the figure below.
Since, AB is the diameter, centre C must be the mid
Let point P (x, y) divides the line segment joining the
point of the diameter of AB .
points A (1, 3) and B (4, 6) in the ratio 2 : 1.
Using section formula we have
m x + m x m1 y2 + m2 y1
(x, y) = c 1m2 + m 2 1 , m + m m
1 2 1 2
(x, y) = b 2 # 4 + 1 # 1, 2 # 6 + 1 # 3 l
2+1 2+1
= b 8 + 1, 12 + 3 l = b 9 , 15 l = (3 , 5)
3 3 3 3
18. Find the distance of a point P (x, y) from the origin.

Sol : [Board 2018] Let the co-ordinates of point A be ^x, y h .
Distance between origin (0, 0) and point P (x, y) is x -coordinate of C , x+1 = 2
2
d = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2 x+1 = 4 & x = 3
= (x - 0) 2 + (y - 0) 2 y+4
and y -coordinate of C , =- 3
2 2 2
= x +y
y + 4 = - 6 & y = - 10
Distance between P and origin is x2 + y2 .
Hence, coordinates of point A are ^3, - 10h .
19. If the mid-point of the line segment joining the points
PRACTICE
A (3, 4) and B (k, 6) is P (x, y) and x + y - 10 = 0 , find
the value of k .  Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is
diameter of the circle whose centre is ^2, - 3h and
B is the point ^3, 4h .
If P (x, y) is mid point of A (3, 4) and B (k, 6), then
[Board 2019 Delhi]
we have
Ans : ^1, - 10h
3 + k = x and y = 4 + 6 = 10 = 5
2 2 2
Substituting above value in x + y - 10 = 0 we have
22. Find the perpendicular distance of A ^5, 12h from the
3 + k + 5 - 10 = 0 y-axis.
2
3+k = 5
2 Perpendicular from point A ^5, 12h on y-axis touch it
at ^0, 12h .
Distance between ^5, 12h and ^0, 12h is, = 42 + 0 = 16 = 4 units

d = ^0 - 5h2 + ^12 - 12h2
= 25 27. If the distance between the points ^4, k h and ^1, 0h is 5,
then what can be the possible values of k.
= 5 units.
23. If the centre and radius of circle is ^3, 4h and 7 units Using distance formula we have
respectively,, then what it the position of the point
^4 - 1h2 + ^k - 0h2 = 5
A ^5, 8h with respect to circle?
32 + k2 = 25
k2 = 25 - 9 = 16
Distance of the point, from the centre,
k =! 4
d = ^5 - 3h2 + ^8 - 4h2
= 4 + 16 = 20 = 2 5 28. Find the coordinates of the point on y-axis which is
nearest to the point ^- 2, 5h .
Since 2 5 is less than 7, the point lies inside the
circle. Sol : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017]
Point ^0, 5h on y -axis is nearest to the point

Find the perimeter of a triangle with vertices ^0, 4h,
^- 2, 5h .
24.
^0, 0h and ^3, 0h .

Sol : [Board Term-2, 2011] 29. What is the area of a triangle with vertices
We have A ^0, 4h, B ^0, 0h, and C ^3, 0h . A (5, 0), B (8, 0) and C (8, 4) ?
AB = ^0 - 2h2 + ^0 - 4h2 = 16 = 4 Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
BC = ^3 - 0h + ^0 - 0h =
2 2
9 =3 Area of TABC whose vertices A ^x1, y1h , B ^x2, y2h and
C ^x3, y3h are given by,
CA = ^0 - 3h2 + ^4 - 0h2
T = 2 6x1 ^y2 - y3h + x2 ^y3 - y1h + x3 ^y1 - y2h@
1
= 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
Here x1 = 5, y1 = 0 , x2 = 8 , y2 = 0 , x3 = 8 and y3 = 4
Thus perimeter of triangle is 4 + 3 + 5 = 12
T = 1 [5 (0 - 4) + 8 (4 - 0) + 8 (0 - 0)]
25. Locate a point Q on line segment AB such that 2
BQ = 75 # AB . What is the ratio of line segment in 1
= (- 20 + 32 + 0)
which AB is divided? 2
Sol : [Board Term-2 2013] = 1 # 12 = 6 sq. units

2
We have BQ = 5 AB
7 PRACTICE
BQ
= 5 & AB = 7  What is the area of a triangle with vertices A ^3, 0h
AB 7 BQ 5
, B ^7, 0h and C ^8, 4h ?
AB - BQ
= 7-5 [Board 2008]
BQ 5
Ans : 8
AQ
=2
BQ 5
Thus AQ : BQ = 2: 5  Find the area of triangle PQR formed by the
points P (- 5, 7), Q (- 4, - 5) and R (4, 5)
26. Find the distance of the point ^- 4, - 7h from the [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
y-axis. Ans : 53
Perpendicular from point A ^- 4, - 7h on y-axis touch  Find the area of a triangle whose vertices are
it at ^0, - 7h . given as ^1, - 1h, ^- 4, 6h and ^- 3, - 5h .
Distance between ^- 4, - 7h and ^0, - 7h is [Board 2019 OD]
d = ^0 + 4h2 + ^- 7 + 7h2 Ans : 24
30. If the points (a, 0), (0, b) and (1, 1) are collinear, then 33. The area of triangle formed with the origin and the
find 1 + 1 points (4, 0) and (0, 6) is ......... .
a b
Let the given points are A (a, 0), B (0, b) and C (1, 1).
the figure.
Since, A, B, C are collinear.
Hence, ar (TABC) = 0
1 [a (b - 1) + 0 (1 - 0) + 1 (0 - b)] = 0
2
ab - a - b = 0
a + b = ab
a+b = 1
ab
1+1 =1
a b
31. If the area of the triangle formed by the points (x, 2x),
(- 2, 6) and (3, 1) is 5 sq units, then find x .
Area of TOAB = 12 # base # height
Sol :
= 12 # 4 # 6 = 12 sq. units
1 [x (6 - 1) - 2 (1 - 2x) + 3 (2x - 6)] = ! 5
2
34. In Fig., find the area of triangle ABC (in sq. units)?
5x - 2 + 4x + 6x - 18 = ! 10
15x = ! 10 + 20
15x = 30 or 10
x = 30 or 10
15 15
x = 2 or 2
3
32. If points A (- 3, 12), B (7, 6) and C (x, 9) are collinear,

then the value of x is ......... .
If points are collinear, then area of triangle must be

zero.
1 [x (y - y ) + x (y - y ) + x (y - y )] = 0 Sol : [Board Term-2, 2013]
2 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 2
Area of triangle
1 [- 3 (6 - 9) + 7 (9 - 12) + x (12 - 6)] = 0
2 D = 1 6x1 ^y2 - y3h + x2 ^y3 - y1h + x3 ^y1 - y2h@
2
1 (9 - 21 + 6x) = 0
2 1
= 61 ^0 - 0h + ^- 1h^0 - 3h + 4 ^3 - 0h@
2
1 (- 12 + 6x) = 0
2 = 62 + 12@ = 15 = 7.5 s, units
1
2 2
6x = 12 & x = 2
PRACTICE TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

 Find the value of p, if the points A ^2, 3h, B ^4, p h ,
C ^6, - 3h are collinear. 35. Find a relation between x and y such that the point
P ^x, y h is equidistant from the points A ^- 5, 3h and
Ans : 0 B ^7, 2h .
Let P ^x, y h is equidistant from A ^- 5, 3h and B ^7, 2h, 38. If the point P ^x, y h is equidistant from the points
then we have Q â + b, b - a h and R â - b, a + b h , then prove that
AP = BP bx = ay .
Sol :
^x + 5h2 + ^y - 3h2 = ^x - 7h2 + ^y - 2h2
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2012, OD 2016]
We have PQ = PR
^x + 5h2 + ^y - 3h2 = ^x - 7h2 + ^y - 2h2
8x - â + b hB + 8y - ^b - a hB
2 2
10x + 25 - 6y + 9 = - 14x + 49 - 4y + 4
8x - â - b hB + 8y - ^b + a hB
2 2
24x + 34 = 2y + 53 =
24x - 2y = 19
Thus 24x - 2y - 19 = 0 is the required relation.
36. The x -coordinate of a point P is twice its y-coordinate.

If P is equidistant from Q ^2, - 5h and R ^- 3, 6h , find
the co-ordinates of P.
Let the point P be ^2y, y h . Since PQ = PR , we have

^2y - 2h2 + ^y + 5h2 = ^2y + 3h2 + ^y - 6h2
^2y - 2h2 + ^y + 5h2 = ^2y + 3h2 + ^y - 6h2
- 8y + 4 + 10y + 25 = 12y + 9 - 12y + 36 8x - â + b hB + 8y - ^b - a hB
2 2
2y + 29 = 45 = 8x - â - b hB2 + 8y - â + b hB2
y =8 - 2x (a + b) - 2y (b - a) = - 2x (a - b) - 2y (a + b)
Hence, coordinates of point P are ^16, 8h 2x (a + b) + 2y (b - a) = 2x (a - b) + 2y (a + b)
37. Find the ratio in which the point ^- 3, k h divides the 2x (a + b - a + b) + 2y (b - a - a - b) = 0

line segment joining the points ^- 5, - 4h and ^- 2, 3h . 2x (2b) + 2y (- 2a) = 0
Also find the value of k .
xb - ay = 0
bx = ay Hence Proved
As per question, line diagram is shown below.
39. Prove that the point ^3, 0h , ^6, 4h and ^- 1, 3h are the
vertices of a right angled isosceles triangle.
We have A ^3, 0h , B ^6, 4h and C ^- 1, 3h

Let AB be divides by P in ratio n: 1.
Now AB2 = ^3 - 6h2 + ^0 - 4h2
x co-ordinate for section formula
= 9 + 16 = 25
^- 2h n + 1 ^- 5h
-3 =
n+1 BC = ^6 + 1h2 + ^4 - 3h2
2
- 3 ^n + 1h = - 2n - 5 = 49 + 1 = 50
- 3n - 3 = - 2n - 5 CA = ^- 1 - 3h2 + ^3 - 0h2
2
5 - 3 = 3n - 2n = 16 + 9 = 25
2 =n AB = CA2 or, AB = CA
2
Ratio n = 2 or 2: 1 Hence triangle is isosceles.

1 1
Now, y co-ordinate,
2 ^3 h + 1 ^- 4h
k = = 6-4 = 2
2+1 3 3
Find the value of p.

Ans : 7 or 4
 If A ^4, 3h , B ^- 1, y h , and C ^3, 4h are the vertices

of a right triangle ABC, right angled at A, then
find the value of y .
Ans : - 2
Also, 25 + 25 = 50
or, AB + CA2 = BC2
2 41. Find the ratio in which the point P ^ 34 , 125 h divides the
line segment joining the point A ^ 12 , 32 h and ^2, - 5h .
Since Pythagoras theorem is verified, therefore
triangle is a right angled triangle. Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
Let P divides AB in the ratio k: 1. Line diagram is

40. If A ^5, 2h , B ^2, - 2h and C ^- 2, t h are the vertices of
shown below.
a right angled triangle with +B = 90º , then find the
value of t.
As per question, triangle is shown below.
k (2) + 1 ( 12 )
Now =3
k+1 4
8k + 2 = 3k + 3
k =1
5
1
Thus required ratio is 5 : 1 or 1:5.
PRACTICE
 In what ratio does the point P ^- 4, 6h divides the

line segment joining the points A ^- 6, 10h and
Now AB2 = ^2 - 5h2 + ^- 2 - 2h2 = 9 + 16 = 25 B ^3, - 8h ?
BC2 = ^- 2 - 2h2 + ^t + 2h2 = 16 + ^t + 2h2
Ans : 2 : 7
AC2 = ^5 + 2h2 + ^2 - t h2 = 49 + ^2 - t2h
Since TABC is a right angled triangle
 Find the ratio in which ^11, 15h divides the line
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 segment joining the points ^15, 5h and ^9, 20h .
49 + ^2 - t h2 = 25 + 16 + ^t + 2h2 [Board Term-2 2014]
Ans : 2 : 1
49 + 4 - 4t + t2 = 41 + t2 + 4t + 4
53 - 4t = 45 + 4t
42. Show that the points â, a h , ^- a, - a h and
8t = 8
`- 3 a, 3 a j are the vertices of an equilateral
t =1 triangle.
PRACTICE Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
Let A â, a h, B ^- a, - a h and C `- 3 a, 3 a j .

 The points A ^4, 7h , B ^p, 3h and C ^7, 3h are the
vertices of a right triangle, right-angled at B . Now AB = â + a h2 + â + a h2
= 4a2 + 4a2 = 2 2 a We have P ^2, - 1h, Q ^3, 4h, R ^- 2, 3h , S ^- 3, - 2h

PQ = 12 + 52 = 26
^- a + 3 a h + ^- a - 3 a h
2 2
BC =
QR = 52 + 12 = 26
= a 2 - 2 3 a 2 + 3a 2 + a 2 + 2 3 a 2 + 3 a 2
2 2
RS = 1 +5 = 26
= 2 2a
PS = 52 + 12 = 26
â + 3 a h + â - 3 a h
2 2
AC =
Since all the four sides are equal, PQRS is a rhombus.
= a 2 + 2 3 a 2 + 3a 2 + a 2 - 2 3 a 2 + 3 a 2
= 2 2a
Since AB = BC = AC , therefore ABC is an
equilateral triangle.
43. If the mid-point of the line segment joining A 8 x2 , y +2 1B

and B ^x + 1, y - 3h is C ^5, - 2h , find x, y.
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2012, Delhi 2014]
If the mid-point of the line segment joining A 8 x2 , y +2 1B

and B ^x + 1, y - 3h is C ^5, - 2h , then at mid point, Now PR = 12 + 52 = 26
2 +x+1
x
= 42 + 42 = 32
=5
2
Y ^ 32 h
2
PQ2 + QR2 = 2 # 26 = 52 =
3x + 1 = 10
2 Since TPQR is not a right triangle, PQRS is a
3x = 18 & x = 6 rhombus but not a square.
y+1
+y-3 46. Show that A ^- 1, 0h, B ^3, 1h, C ^2, 2h and D ^- 2, 1h are
Also 2
=- 2
2 the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD.
y+1 Sol :
+ y - 3 =- 4 [Board Term-2 2012]
2
Mid-point of AC ,
y + 1 + 2y - 6 = - 8 & y = - 1
- 1 + 2, 0 + 2 = 1, 1
b 2 2 l b2 l
44. Show that A ^6, 4h, B ^5, - 2h and C ^7, - 2h are the
vertices of an isosceles triangle. Mid-point of BD ,
3-2 1+1 1
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] b 2 , 2 l = b 2 , 1l
We have A ^6, 4h, B ^5, - 2h, C ^7, - 2h .
Here Mid-point of AC = Mid-point of BD
Now AB = ^6 - 5h2 + ^4 + 2h2 Since diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other,
= 12 + 62 = 37 ABCD is a parallelogram.
BC = ^5 - 7h + ^- 2 + 2h2
2
47. If ^3, 2h and ^- 3, 2h are two vertices of an equilateral
triangle which contains the origin, find the third
^- 2h + 0 = 2
2
= 2
vertex.
CA = ^7 - 6h2 + ^- 2 - 4h2
= 12 + 62 = 37 We have A ^3, 2h and B ^- 3, 2h .
AB = BC = 37 It can be easily seen that mid-point of AB is lying
Since two sides of a triangle are equal in length, on y-axis. Thus AB is equal distance from x-axis
triangle is an isosceles triangle. everywhere.
Also OD = AB
45. If P ^2, - 1h, Q ^3, 4h, R ^- 2, 3h and S ^- 3, - 2h be rd
Hence 3 vertex of TABC is also lying on y-axis.
four points in a plane, show that PQRS is a rhombus
but not a square. The digram of triangle should be as given below.

a =1
3
Line 2x - 3y - 5 = 0 will cut the x -axis at ^x, 0h . and
it must satisfy the equation of line.
2x - 5 = 0 & x = 5
2
5
Hence point is b , 0 l .
2
49. If ^1, p3 h is the mid point of the line segment joining
the points ^2, 0h and ^0, 29 h , then show that the line
5x + 3y + 2 = 0 passes through the point ^- 1, 3p h .
Sol :
Since ^1, p3 h is the mid point of the line segment joining
the points ^2, 0h and ^0, 29 h , we have
p 0 + 29
= =1
3 2 9
Let C ^x, y h be the coordinate of 3rd vertex of TABC . p =1
3
Now AB2 = ^3 + 3h2 + ^2 - 2h2 = 36
Now the point ^- 1, 3p h is ^- 1, 1h .
BC2 = ^x + 3h2 + ^y - 2h2 The line 5x + 3y + 2 = 0 , passes through the point
AC2 = ^x - 3h2 + ^y - 2h2 ^- 1, 1h as 5 ^- 5h + 3 ^1 h + 2 = 0
Since AB2 = AC2 = BC2 50. If the vertices of TABC are A ^5, - 1h, B ^- 3, - 2h,
C ^- 1, 8h, Find the length of median through A.
^x + 3h + ^y - 2h = 36
2 2
(1)
Sol :
^x - 3h2 + ^y - 2h2 = 36
[Board Term-2 2012]
(2)
Let AD be the median. As per question, triangle is
Since P (x, y) lie on y -axis, substituting x = 0 in (1)
shown below.
we have
32 + ^y - 2h2 = 36 - 9 = 27
^y - 2h2 = 36 - 9 = 27
Taking square root both side
y - 2 =! 3 3
y = 2!3 3
Since origin is inside the given triangle, coordinate of
C below the origin,
y = 2-3 3
Hence Coordinate of C is `0, 2 - 3 3 j Since D is mid-point of BC , co-ordinates of D ,
Find a so that ^3, a h lies on the line represented by (x1, y2) = b - 3 - 1, - 2 + 8 l

48. 2 2
2x - 3y - 5 = 0 . Also, find the co-ordinates of the
= ^- 2, 3h
point where the line cuts the x-axis.
AD = ^5 + 2h2 + ^- 1 - 3h2
Since ^3, a h lies on 2x - 3y - 5 = 0 , it must satisfy = ^7 h2 + ^4h2
this equation. Therefore = 49 + 16 = 65 units
2 # 3 - 3a - 5 = 0
Thus length of median is 65 units.
6 - 3a - 5 = 0
51. Find the mid-point of side BC of TABC, with
1 = 3a
A ^1, - 4h and the mid-points of the sides through A
being ^2, - 1h and ^0, - 1h . 0+x y+0

^2, - 5h = b 2 + 2 l
Assume co-ordinates of B and C are ^x1, y1h and 2 =x & x=4

2
^x2, y2h respectively. As per question, triangle is shown y
below. and - 5 = & y = - 10
2
Thus P is ^0, - 10h and Q is ^4, 0h
53. If two adjacent vertices of a parallelogram are ^3, 2h

and ^- 1, 0h and the diagonals intersect at ^2, - 5h
then find the co-ordinates of the other two vertices.
Let two other co-ordinates be ^x, y h and ^x', y'h

respectively using mid-point formula.
As per question parallelogram is shown below.
Now 2 = 1 + x1 & x1 = 3
2
- 4 + y1
and -1 = & y1 = 2
2
0 = 1 + x2 & x = - 1
2
- 4 + y2
-1 = & y2 = 2
2
Thus B ^x1, y1h = ^3, 2h,
C ^x2, y2h = ^- 1, 2h Now 2 = x+3 & x = 1
2
2+y
So, mid-point of BC is b 3 - 1, 2 + 2 l = ^1, 2h and -5 = & y = - 12
2 2 2
52. A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at the points P Again, - 1 + x' = 2 & x' = 5
and Q respectively. If ^2, - 5h is the mid-point of PQ, 2
then find the coordinates of P and Q. 0 + y'
and = - 5 & y' = - 10
2
Sol :
Hence, coordinates of C ^1, - 12h and D ^5, - 10h
Let coordinates of P be ^0, y h and of Q be ^x, 0h .

A ^2, - 5h is mid point of PQ . 54. Prove that the points ^2, - 2h, ^- 2, 1h and ^5, 2h are
As per question, line diagram is shown below. the vertices of a right angled triangle. Also find the
area of this triangle.
We have A ^2, - 2h, B ^- 2, 1h and ^5, 2h

Now using distance formula we get
AB2 = ^2 + 2h2 + ^- 2 - 1h2
= 16 + 9 = 25
2
AB = 25 & AB = 5 .
Thus AB = 5 .
Similarly BC2 = ^- 2 - 5h2 + ^1 - 2h2
= 49 + 1 = 50
2
BC = 50 & BC = 5 2
Using section formula,
AC2 = ^2 - 5h2 + ^- 2 - 2h2 = 1 0 + ^2 h^3 h + ^3 h^- 2h

2
= 9 + 16 = 25
= 1 6-6 = 0
AC2 = 25 & AC = 5 2
Clearly AB2 + AC2 = BC2 Thus given points are collinear.
25 + 25 = 50 57. Find the relation between x and y , if the point A ^x, y h,

Hence the triangle is right angled, B ^- 5, 7h and C ^- 4, 5h are collinear.
Area of TABC = 1 # Base # Height
2 If the area of the triangle formed by the
= # 5 # 5 = 25 sq unit.
1 points is zero, then points are collinear.
2 2
1 x y -y +x y -y +x y -y = 0
55. Find a relation between x and y if the points A ^x, y h, 26 1^ 2 3h 2^ 3 1h 3^ 1 2h@
B ^- 4, 6h and C ^- 2, 3h are collinear. 6x ^7 - 5h - 5 ^5 - y h - 4 ^y - 7h@ = 0

Sol : [Board 2019 OD] 2x - 25 + 5y - 4y + 28 = 0
We have A (x, y), B (- 4, 6) and C (- 2, 3). 2x + y + 3 = 0
If A, B , C are collinear, then area of triangle ABC
must be zero. 58. For what values of k are the points ^8, 1h, ^3, - 2k h
and ^k, - 5h collinear?
T = 1 [x1 (y2 - y3) + x2 (y3 - y1) + x3 (y1 - y2)]
2 Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
T = 1 [x {6 - (3)} + (- 4) {3 - y} + (- 2) {y - 6}] Since points ^8, 1h, ^3, - 2k h and ^k, - 5h are collinear,
2
area of triangle formed must be zero.
0 = 1 [x (3) - 4 (3 - y) - 2 (y - 6)]
2 1 x y -y +x y -y +x y -y = 0
26 1^ 2 3h 2^ 3 1h 3^ 1 2h@
0 = 3x - 12 + 4y - 2y + 12
1 8 - 2k + 5 + 3 - 5 - 1 + k 1 + 2k = 0
0 = 3x + 2y 28 ^ h ^ h ^ hB
Required relation is 3x + 2y = 0 - 16k + 40 - 18 + k + 2k2 = 0
PRACTICE 2k2 - 15k + 22 = 0

 If the point ^0, 0h, ^1, 2h and ^x, y h are collinear, k = 2, 11
2
then find x.
Ans : x =
y THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
2
 If ^5, 2h, ^- 3, 4h and ^x, y h are collinear, show that 59. Find the ratio in which P (4, m) divides the segment
x + 4y - 13 = 0 joining the points A (2, 3) and B (6, - 3). Hence find
m.
Ans : Proof Sol : [Board 2018]
Let P (x, y) be the point which divide AB in k : 1

ratio.
56. Show that the points A ^0, 1h, B ^2, 3h and C ^3, 4h are
collinear.
If the area of the triangle formed by the points is zero,

then points are collinear. Now x = m1 x2 + m2 x1
m1 + m2
We have A ^0, 1h, B ^2, 3h and C ^3, 4h k (6) + 1 (2)
4 =
Now D = 1 0 ^3 - 4h + 2 ^4 - 1h + 3 ^1 - 3h k+1
2
4k + 4 = 6k + 2 Here, ^x1, y1h = ^1, - 3h

6k - 4k = 4 - 2 and ^x2, y2h = ^4, 5h
2k = 2 & k = 1 Using section formula y coordinate, we obtain,
Thus point P divides the line segment AB in 1 : 1 my2 + ny1
y =
m+n
ratio.
k # 5 + 1 # 1 ^- 3h
m y + m2 y1 0 =
Now y = 1 2 k+1
m1 + m2
1 # (- 3) + 1 (3) 0 = 5k - 3
m =
1+1
5k = 3 & k = 3
- 3 + 3 =0 5
=
2 Hence, the required ratio is 3 i.e 3 : 5.
5
Thus m = 0 . Now, again using section formula for x , we obtain
If the point C (- 1, 2) divides internally the line x = mx2 + nx1

60. m+n
segment joining A (2, 5) and B (x, y) in the ratio 3 :4 k # ^4 h + 1 # 1
find the coordinates of B . x =
k+1
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] 3
^4h + 1 12 + 5
= 53 = = 17
From the given information we have drawn the figure 5 + 1 3 + 5 8
as below.
Co-ordinate of P is b 17 , 0 l .
8
PRACTICE
 In what ratio does the x -axis divide the line

Using section formula, segment joining the points ^- 4, - 6h and ^- 1, 7h
- 1 = m1 x2 + m2 x1
? Find the coordinates of the point of division.
m1 + m2 [Board Term-2 SQP 2017]
- 1 = 3 # x + 4 # 2 = 3x + 8 Ans : 6: 7, ^- 13
34
, 0h
3+4 7
3x + 8 = - 7
 Find the ratio in which the line segment joining
3x = - 15 & x = - 5 the points A ^3, - 3h and B ^- 2, 7h is divided by
m1 y2 + m2 y1 x -axis. Also find the co-ordinates of point of
and 2 =
m1 + m2 division.
3y + 4 # 5 3y + 20 [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
2 = =
3+4 7 Ans : 3
7 , ^ 32 , 0h
3y + 20 = 14
3y = 14 - 20 = - 6
62. If the point C ^- 1, 2h divides internally the line
y =- 2 segment joining the points A ^2, 5h and B ^x, y h in the
Hence, the coordinates of B (x, y) is (- 5, - 2). ratio 3: 4, find the value of x2 + y2 .
61. Find the ratio in which the segment joining the points
^1, - 3h and ^4, 5h is divided by x -axis? Also find the As per question, line diagram is shown below.
coordinates of this point on x -axis.
Let the required ratio be k : 1 and the point on x -axis

be ^x, 0h .
We have AC = 3
BC 4
Applying section formula for x co-ordinate,
3x + 4 ^2 h ^x - 6h2 + ^y - 2h2 = ^x + 2h2 + ^y - 6h2

-1 =
3+4 - 12x + 36 - 4y + 4 = 4x + 4 - 12y + 36
- 7 = 3x + 8 & x = - 5
- 12x - 4y = 4x - 12y
Similarly applying section formula for y co-ordinate,
12y - 4y = 4x + 12x
3y + 4 ^5 h
2 = 8y = 16x
3+4
14 = 3y + 20 & y = - 2 y = 2x Hence Proved
Thus ^x, y h is ^- 5, - 2h .
65. The co-ordinates of the vertices of TABC are A ^7, 2h,
Now x2 + y2 = ^- 5h2 + ^- 2h2 B ^9, 10h and C ^1, 4h . If E and F are the mid-points
of AB and AC respectively, prove that EF = 12 BC .
= 25 + 4 = 29
63. If the co-ordinates of points A and B are ^- 2, - 2h Let the mid-points of AB and AC be E ^x1, y1h and
and ^2, - 4h respectively, find the co-ordinates of F ^x2, y2h . As per question, triangle is shown below.
P such that AP = 73 AB, where P lies on the line
segment AB.
We have AP = 3 AB & AP : PB = 3: 4
7
Section formula :
my2 + ny1 Co-ordinates of point E ,
x = mx2 + nx1 and y =
m+n m+n 9 + 7 10 + 2
^x1, y1h = b 2 , 2 l = ^8, 6h
Applying section formula we get
3 # 2 + 4 # ^- 2h Co-ordinates of point F ,
x = =- 2 7+1 2+4
3+4 7 ^x2, y2h = b 2 , 2 l = ^4, 3h
3 # (- 4) + 4 # ^- 2h
y = = - 20 Length, EF = ^8 - 4h2 + ^6 - 3h2
3+4 7
Hence P is b- 2 , - 20 l . = 42 + 32
7 7
= 5 units ...(1)
PRACTICE
Length BC = ^9 - 1h + ^10 - 4h
2 2
 Find the co-ordinate of a point P on the line

= 82 + 62
segment joining A ^1, 2h and B ^6, 7h such that
AP = 25 AB . = 10 units ...(2)
[Board Term-2 OD 2015] From equation (1) and (2) we get
Ans : (3, 4)
EF = 1 BC Hence proved.
2
66. Prove that the diagonals of a rectangle ABCD, with
64. If the distance of P ^x, y h from A ^6, 2h and B ^- 2, 6h vertices A ^2, - 1h, B ^5, - 1h, C ^5, 6h and D ^2, 6h are
are equal, prove that y = 2x. equal and bisect each other.
We have P ^x, y h, A ^6, 2h, B ^- 2, 6h As per question, rectangle ABCD, is shown below.
Now PA = PB
PA2 = PB2
For F , x3 = 4 + 6 = 5
2
y3 = - 2 + 8 = 3
2
The co-ordinates of the mid-points of AB, BC and
AC are D ^3, - 4h , E ^2, 1h and F ^5, 3h respectively.
68. Find the ratio in which the point ^- 3, p h divides the

line segment joining the points ^- 5, - 4h and ^- 2, 3h .
Now AC = ^5 - 2h2 + ^6 + 1h2 Hence find the value of p.
= 32 + 72 = 9 + 49 = 58 Sol : [Board Term-2, 2012]

BD = ^5 - 2h2 + ^- 1 - 6h2
= 32 + 72 = 9 + 49 = 58
Since AC = BD = 58 the diagonals of rectangle
ABCD are equal.
Mid-point of AC , = b 2 + 5, - 1 + 6 l = b 7 , 5 l Let X ^- 3, p h divides the line joining of A ^- 5, - 4h
2 2 2 2 and B ^- 2, 3h in the ratio k : 1.
=b 2 + 5 6 - 1 = , 5 7
2 l b2 2l The co-ordinates of p are :- 2k - 5 , 3k - 4 D
Mid-point of BD , ,
2 k+1 k+1
Since the mid-point of diagonal AC and mid-point of But co-ordinates of P are ^- 3, p h . Therefore we get
diagonal BD is same and equal to ^ 75 , 52 h . Hence they - 2k - 5 = - 3 & k = 2
bisect each other. k+1
3k - 4 = p
67. The vertices of TABC are A ^6, - 2h, B ^0, - 6h and
k+1
and C ^4, 8h . Find the co-ordinates of mid-points of
AB, BC and AC. Substituting k = 2 gives
Sol : [Board Term-2, 2014] p =2

3
Let mid-point of AB, BC and AC be D ^x1, y1h,
Hence ratio of division is 2: 1 and p = 2
E ^x2, y2h and F ^x2, y3h . As per question, triangle is 3
shown below.
PRACTICE
 Find the ratio in which the point p ^m, 6h divides

the line segment joining the points A ^- 4, 3h and
B ^2, 8h . Also find the value of m.
[Board Term-2, 2012]
Ans : 3 : 2, - 25
 In what ratio does the point ^ 24 11 , y h divides the

line segment joining the points P ^2, - 2h and
Q ^3, 7h ? Also find the value of y.
Using section formula, the co-ordinates of the points Ans : 2 : 9, - 114
D, E, F are
For D, x1 = 6 + 0 = 3
2
69. Find the co-ordinates of the points of trisection of
y1 = - 2 - 6 = - 4 the line segment joining the points A ^1, - 2h and
2
B ^- 3, 4h .
For E, x2 = 0 + 4 = 2
2 Sol : [Board Term-2, 2012]
y2 = - 6 + 8 = 1 Let P ^x1, y1h, Q ^x2, y2h divides AB into 3 equal parts.

2
Thus P divides AB in the ratio of 1:2. the value of k and the distanceAB .
As per question, line diagram is shown below. Sol : [Board Term-2, 2012]
We have A ^10, - 6h and B ^k, 4h .

If P â, b h is mid-point of AB, then we have
k + 10 - 6 + 4
1 (- 3) + 2 (1) â, b h = b 2 , 2 l
Now x1 = = -3 + 2 = -1
1+3 3 3
a = k + 10 and b = - 1
1 (4) + 2 (- 2) 2
y1 = = 4-4 = 0
1+2 3 From given condition we have
Co-ordinates of P is ^- 13 , 0h .
a - 2b = 18
Here Q is mid-point of PB.
Substituting value b = - 1 we obtain
- 13 + ^- 3h
Thus x2 = a + 2 = 18 & a = 16
2
a = k + 10 = 16 & k = 22
= - 10 = - 5 2
6 3
P â, b h = ^16, 1h
y2 = 0 + 4 = 2
2 AB = ^22 - 10h2 + ^4 + 6h2
Thus co-ordinates of Q is ^- , 2h . 5
2
= 2 61 units
PRACTICE
71. Find the ratio in which the line 2x + 3y - 5 = 0
 If the line segment joining the points A ^2, 1h and divides the line segment joining the points ^8, - 9h
B ^5, - 8h is trisected at the points P and Q , find and ^2, 1h . Also find the co-ordinates of the point of
the coordinates P. division.
Ans : ^3, - 2h .
Let a point P ^x, y h on line 2x + 3y - 5 = 0 divides AB
in the ratio k : 1.
 Find the co-ordinates of the points which divide Now x = 2k + 8
the line segment joining the points ^5, 7h and k+1
^8, 10h in 3 equal parts. and y = k-9
k+1
Ans : P ^6, 8h , Q ^7, 9h Substituting above value in line 2x + 3y - 5 = 0 we
have
2 b 2k + 8 l + 3 b k - 9 l - 5 = 0
 Find the co-ordinates of the points of trisection of k+1 k+1
the line segment joining the points ^3, - 2h and 4k + 16 + 3k - 27 - 5k - 5 = 0
^- 3, - 4h .
2k - 16 = 0
Ans : ^1, - h and ^- 1, - h
8
3
10
3 k =8
Thus ratio is 8 : 1.
 Find the coordinates of the point which divide the Substituting the value k = 8 we get
line segment joining A ^2, - 3h and B ^- 4, - 6h x = b2 # 8 + 8l = 8
into three equal parts. 8+1 3
[Board Term-2 SQP 2016] y = b 8 - 9 l =- 1
8+1 9
Ans : ^0, - 4h and ^- 2, - 5h
Thus P ^x, y h = b 8 , - 1 l
3 9
72. Find the area of the rhombus of vertices ^3, 0h, ^4, 5h,
70. If â, b h is the mid-point of the segment joining the ^- 1, 4h and ^- 2, - 1h taken in order.
points A ^10, - 6h and B ^k, 4h and a - 2b = 18, find Sol : [Board Term-2, 2012]
We have A ^3, 0h, B ^4, 5h, C ^- 1, 4h, D ^- 2, - 1h 75. Show that TABC with vertices A ^- 2, 0h, B ^0, 2h
and C ^2, 0h is similar to TDEF with vertices
Diagonal AC , d1 = ^3 + 1h + ^0 - 4h
2 2
D ^- 4, 0h, F ^4, 0h and E ^0, 4h .
= 16 + 16 = 32
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017, Foreign 2017]
= 16 # 2 = 4 2 Using distance formula
Diagonal BD , d2 = ^4 + 2h2 + ^5 + 1h2 AB = ^0 + 2h2 + ^2 - 0h2 = 4+4
= 36 + 36 = 72 = 2 2 units
= 36 # 2 = 6 2 BC = ^2 - 0h2 + ^0 - 2h2 = 4+4
Area of rhombus = 1 # d1 # d2 = 2 2 units
2
= 14 2 #6 2
CA = ^- 2 - 2h2 + ^0 - 0h2 = 16
2
= 4 units
= 24 sq. unit.
and DE = ^0 + 4h2 + ^4 - 0h2 = 32
73. Find the ratio in which the line joining points = 4 2 units
â + b, b + a h and â - b, b - a h is divided by the point EF = ^4 - 0h2 + ^0 - 4h2 = 32
â, b h .
= 4 2 units
Let A â + b, b + a h, B â - b, b - a h and P â, b h and P FD = ^- 4 - 4h2 + ^0 - 0h2 = 64

divides AB in k : 1, then we have = 8 units
k â - b h + 1 â + b h AB = BC = AC
a =
k+1 DE EF DF
a ^k + 1h = k â - b h + a + b 2 2 =2 2 =4=1
4 2 4 2 8 2
ak + a = ak - bk + a + b
Since ratio of the corresponding sides of two similar
bk = b Ts is equal, we have
k =1 TABC ~TDEF Hence Proved.
Thus â, b h divides A â + b, b + a h and B â - b, b - a h
76. In the given figure TABC is an equilateral triangle
in 1: 1 internally.
of side 3 units. Find the co-ordinates of the other two
74. Find the co-ordinates of a point on the x - axis which vertices.
is equidistant from the points A ^2, - 5h and B ^- 2, 9h .
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
Let the point P on the x axis be ^x, 0h . Since it is

equidistant from the given points A ^2, - 5h and
B ^- 2, 9h
PA = PB
PA2 = PB2
^x - 2h2 + 60 - ^- 5h@2 = ^x - ^- 2hh2 + ^0 - 9h2
x2 - 4x + 4 + 25 = x2 + 4x + 4 + 81
- 4x + 29 = 4x + 85
x = - 56 = - 7 The co-ordinates of B will be (2 + 3, 0) or . ^5, 0h

8
Let co-ordinates of C be ^x, y h . Since triangle is
Hence the point on x axis is ^- 7, 0h equilateral, we have
AC2 = BC2
^x - 2h2 ^y - 0h2 = ^x - 5h2 + ^y - 0h2 arTABD = 1 (- 5) (- 5 - 5) + (- 4) (5 - 7) + (4) (7 + 5)

2
x2 + 4 - 4x + y2 = x2 + 25 - 10x + y2 = 53 sq units
6x = 21 arTBCD = 1 (- 4) (- 6 - 5) + (- 1) (5 + 5) + 4 (- 5 + 6)
2
x =7 = 19 sq units
2
and ^x - 2 h ^
2
+ y - 0h2 = 9 Hence, area of quad ABCD ,
7 2 ar <ABCD = 53 + 19 = 72 sq units
b 2 - 2l + y = 9
2
9 + y2 = 9 or, y2 = 9 - 9 PRACTICE
4 4
 Find the area of a quadrilateral ABCD , the co-
y2 = 27 = 3 3 ordinates of whose vertices are A ^- 3, 2h, B ^5, 4h,
4 2
C ^7, - 6h and D ^- 5, - 4h .
Hence C is c 7 , 3 3 m . [ Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
2 2
Ans : 80
77. If the distances of P ^x, y h from A ^5, 1h and B ^- 1, 5h
are equal, then prove that 3x = 2y.
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] 79. If ^5, 2h, ^- 3, 4h and ^x, y h are collinear, show that
Since P ^x, y h is equidistant from the given points x + 4y - 13 = 0
A ^5, 1h and B ^- 1, 5h , Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
PA = PB Since points ^5, 2h, ^- 3, 4h and ^x, y h are collinear,
PA2 = PB2 area of triangle formed must be zero.
1 x y - y + x y - y +x y - y = 0
Using distance formula, 26 1^ 2 3h 2^ 3 1h 3^ 1 2h@
^5 - x h2 + ^1 - y h2 = ^- 1 - x h2 + ^5 - y h2 65 ^4 - y h + ^- 3h^y - 2h + x ^2 - 4h@ = 0
^5 - x h + ^1 - y h = ^1 + x h + ^5 - y h
2 2 2 2
620 - 5y - 3y + 6 + ^- 2x h@ = 0
25 - 10x + 1 - 2y = 1 + 2x + 25 - 10y 6- 2x - 8y + 26@ = 0
- 10x - 2y = 2x - 10y x + 4y - 13 = 0
8y = 12x Hence proved
3x = 2y Hence proved.
80. Find the area of triangle ABC with A (1, - 4) and
78. If A (- 5, 7), B (- 4, - 5), C (- 1, - 6) and D (4, 5) are the mid-points of sides through A being (2, - 1) and
the vertices of a quadrilateral, find the area of the (0, - 1).
quadrilateral ABCD . Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] As per given information in question we have drawn
As per information given in question we have drawn the figure below,
the figure below.
Area, ar <ABCD = arTABD + arTBCD Let the coordinates of the points B and C be (x2, y2)
and (x3, y3), then,
x2 + 1 = 2 & x = 4 - 1 = 3 82. In the given triangle ABC as shown in the diagram

2
2 D, E and F are the mid-points of AB, BC and AC
y2 - 4 respectively. Find the area of TDEF.
and = - 1 & y2 = - 2 + 4 = 2
2
x3 + 1
Similarly, = 0 & x3 = - 1
2
y3 - 4
and = - 1 & y3 = - 2 + 4 = 2
2
So, the coordinates of B and C are (3, 2) and (- 1, 2)
Here, x1 = 1, y1 = - 4 , x2 = 3 , y2 = 2 and x3 = - 1,
y3 = 2 .
Area of TABC
T = 1 [x1 (y2 - y3) + x2 (y3 - y1) + x3 (y1 - y2)] Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
2
1 Mid-point of BA, xD = 3 + - 5 = - 1
= [1 (2 - 2) + 3 (2 + 4) - 1 (- 4 - 2)] 2
2
and yD = 2 - 6 = - 2
= 1 [0 + 18 + 6] = 1 # 24 = 12 square units. 2
2 2
Thus point D is ^- 1, - 2h
PRACTICE
Mid-point of BC , xE = - 5 + 7 = 1
2
 Find the area of a triangle ABC with A ^1, - 4h
and mid-points of sides through A being ^2, - 1h and yE - 6 + 4 = - 1
2
and ^0, - 1h .
Thus point is E is ^1, - 1h .
Ans : 12 Mid- Point CA, xF = 7 + 3 = 5
2
yF = 4 + 2=3
 Find the area of the triangle PQR with Q ^3, 2h 2
and mid-points of the sides through Q being Thus point F is ^5, 3h . Now, area TDEF ,
^2, - 1h and ^1, 2h .
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] D DEF = 1 6- ^- 1 - 3h + 1 ^3 + 2h + 5 ^- 2 + 1h@
2
Ans : 12
= 1 64 + 5 - 5@ = 2
2
81. If the points A ^- 2, 1h, B â, b h and C ^4, 1h are collinear 83. Find the area of the triangle formed by joining
and a - b = 1, find a and b. the mid-points of the sides of a triangle, whose co-
ordinates of vertices are ^0, - 1h, ^2, 1h and ^0, 3h .
If three points are collinear, then area covered by
given points must be zero. Let the vertices of given triangle be A ^0, - 1h, B ^2, 1h
and C ^0, 3h . As per question the triangle is shown
Thus area,
below.
1 x y -y +x y -y +x y -y = 0
26 1^ 2 3h 2^ 3 1h 3^ 1 2h@
1 -2 b - 1 + a 1 - 1 + 4 1 - b = 0
28 ^ h ^ h ^ hB
8- 2b + 2 + 0 + 4 ^1 - b hB = 0
- 6b + 6 = 0 & b = 1
Substituting b = 1 in given condition a - b = 1 we
have
a-1 = 1 & a = 2
Let the coordinates of mid-points
This a = 2 and b = 1.
P = b 0 + 2 , - 1 + 1 l = (1, 0) 86. Prove that the area of a triangle with vertices

2 2 ^t, t - 2h, ^t + 2, t + 2h and ^t + 3h is independent of t.
Q = b 2 + 0 , 1 + 3 l = (1, 2) Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
2 2
Area of the triangle
Q = b 0 + 0 , - 1 + 3 l = (0, 1)
2 2
D = 1 | t ^t + 2 - t h + ^t + 2h^t - t + 2h +
Area of TPQR , 2
D = 1 6x1 ^y2 - y1h + x2 ^y3 - y1h + x3 ^y1 - y2h@ + ^t + 3h^t - 2 - t - 2h |
2
= 1 62t + 2t + 4 - 4t - 12@
= 1 6^2 - 1h + 1 ^1 - 0h + 0 ^0 - 2h@ 2
2
= 4 sq. units. which is independent of t .
= 1 ^1 + 1 + 0h = 1 sq. units
2
84. The area of a triangle is 5 sq. units. Two of its vertices FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
are ^2, 1h and ^3, - 2h . If the third vertex is ^ 72 , y h , Find
the value of y.
87. To conduct Sports Day activities, in your rectangular
school ground ABCD , lines have been drawn with
We have TABC = 5 sq. units
chalk powder at a distance of 1 m each. 100 flower
1 2 -2 - y + 3 y - 1 + 7 1 + 2 = 5
2: ^ h ^ h 2^ hD pots have been placed at a distance of 1 m from each
other along AD , as shown in Figure. Niharika runs
1 - 4 - 2y + 3y - 3 + 21 = 5
2: 2D
¼th the distance AD on the 2nd line and posts a
green flag. Preet runs 15 th distance AD on the eighth
y + 7 = 10 line and posts a red flag.
2
(i) What is the distance between the two flags?
y = 10 - 7 = 13 (ii) If Rashmi has to post a blue flag exactly half way
2 2
If we consider possibility of negative area then, we have between the line segment joining the two flags,
where should she post the blue flag?
y + 7 = - 10
2
y = - 10 - 7 = - 27
2 2
Hence the value of y is 13 or - 27
2 2
85. If P ^9a - 2, - b h divides the line segment joining

A ^3a + 1, - 3h and B ^8a, 5h in the ratio 3: 1. find the
values of a and b.

3 ^8a h + 1 + ^3a + 1h
9a - 2 = ...(1)
3+1
3 ^5 h + 1 ^- 3h
-b = ...(2)
3+1
Form (2) - b = 15 - 3 = 3 & b = - 3
4
From (1), 9a - 2 = 24 a + 3a + 1
4
4 ^9a - 2h = 27a + 1
We assume A as origin (0, 0), AB as x -axis and AD
36a - 8 = 27a + 1 as y -axis.
9a = 9 & a = 1 Niharika runs in the 2 nd line with green flag and
distance covered (parallel to AD ),
= 1 # 100 = 25 m From the given figure, the coordinates of points A, B

4 and C are (1, 7), (4, 2) and (- 4, 4) respectively.
Thus co-ordinates of green flag are (2, 25) and we (i) Distance travelled by seema
label it as P i.e., P (2, 25).
Similarly, Preet runs in the eighth line with red flag CA = (- 4 - 1) 2 + (4 - 7) 2
and distance covered (parallel to AD ), = (- 5) 2 + (- 3) 2
= 1 # 100 = 20 m = 25 + 9 = 34 units
5
Co-ordinates of red flag are (8, 20) and we Thus distance travelled by seema is 34 units.
label it as Q i.e., Q (8, 20) Similarly, distance travelled by Aditya
(i) Now, using distance formula, distance between CB = (4 + 4) 2 + (4 - 2) 2
green flag and red flag,
= 82 + 22 = 64 + 4
PQ = (8 - 2) 2 + (20 - 25) 2
= 68 units
= 62 + (- 5) 2 = 36 + 25
Distance travelled by Aditya is 68 units and Aditya
= 61 m travels more distance.
(ii) Also, Rashmi has to post a blue flag the mid- (ii) Since, D is mid-point of town A and town B
point of PQ , therefore by using mid-point formula, we
D = b 1 + 4 , 7 + 2 l = b 5, 9 l
obtain b 2 + 8 , 25 + 20 l i.e. b 5, 45 l 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 (iii) Now, ar (TABC)
Hence, the blue flag is in the fifth line, at a distance
of 452 i.e., 22.5 m along the direction parallel to AD . ar(TABC) = 1 [x1 (y2 - y3) + x2 (y3 - y1) + x3 (y1 - y2)]
2
88. Two friends Seema and Aditya work in the same office = 1 [1 (2 - 4) + 4 (4 - 7) + (- 4) (7 - 2)]
2
at Delhi. In the Christmas vacations, both decided
to go to their hometown represented by Town A and = 1 [- 2 - 12 - 20]
2
Town B respectively in the figure given below. Town
A and Town B are connected by trains from the same = 1 (- 34) = - 17
2
station C (in the given figure) in Delhi. Based on the
Thus area of (TABC) is 17 sq. units.
given situation answer the following questions:
89. In a classroom, 4 friends are seated at the points
A, B , C , and D as shown in Figure. Champa and
Chameli walk into the class and after observing for a
few minutes Champa asks Chameli, Don’t you think
ABCD is a square? Chameli disagrees. Using distance
formula, find which of them is correct.
(i) Who will travel more distance, Seema or Aditya,

to reach to their hometown?
(ii) Seema and Aditya planned to meet at a location
D situated at a point D represented by the mid-
point of the line joining the points represented by
Town A and Town B . Find the coordinates of the
point represented by the point D .
(iii) Find the area of the triangle formed by joining
the points represented by A, B and C .
Coordinates of points A, B , C , D are A (3, 4), B (6, 7), Hence, coordinates of point A is ^2, - 4h .
C (9, 4) and D (6, 1). Since point A also lies on the line 3x + k ^y + 1h = 0 ,
Distance formula, its coordinates must satisfies this line.
Thus 3 ^2 h + k ^- 4 + 1h = 0
d = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2
6 + ^- 3k h = 0
Now AB = (3 - 6) 2 + (4 - 7) 2
3k = 6 & k = 2
= 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 units Hence, value of k is 2.
BC = (6 - 9) 2 + (7 - 4) 2
91. Find the ratio in which the line x - 3y = 0 divides the
= 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 units line segment joining the points ^- 2, - 5h and ^6, 3h .
CD = (9 - 6) 2 + (4 - 1) 2 Find the coordinates of the point of intersection.
= 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 units Sol : [Board 2019 OD]

Let k : 1 be the ratio in which line x - 3y = 0 divides
DA = (6 - 3) 2 + (1 - 4) 2 the line segment at p (x, y) .
= 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 units
Now AC = (3 - 9) 2 + (4 - 4) 2
= 36 + 0 = 6 units
DB = (6 - 6) 2 + (1 - 7) 2
= 0 + 36 = 6 units
Since, AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = DB , ABCD
is a square and Champa is right.
Using section formula, we get
90. Point A lies on the line segment XY joining X ^6, - 6h
mx2 + nx1 k # 6 + 1 # (- 2)
and Y ^- 4, - 1h in such a way that XYXA
= 25 . If point A x =
m+n
=
k+1
also lies on the line 3x + k ^y + 1h = 0 , find the value
of k . x = 6k - 2 ...(1)
k+1
Sol : [Board 2019 OD] my2 + ny1 k # 3 + 1 # (- 5)
and y = =
As per given information in question we have drawn m+n k+1
y = 3k - 5
...(2)
k+1
The point P (x, y) lies on the line, hence it satisfies the
equation of the given line.
6k - 2 - 3 3k - 5 = 0
k+1 b k+1 l
We use section formula for point A ^x, y h . 6k - 2 - 3 (3k - 5) = 0
Here, m1 = 2 , m2 = 3 , x 1 = 6 , x 2 = - 4 , y 1 = - 6
6k - 2 - 9k + 15 = 0
and y 2 = - 1
- 3k + 13 = 0 & k = 13
Now x = m1 x2 + m2 x1 3
m1 + m2
Hence, the required ratio is 13 : 3.
2 # ^- 4h + 3 ^6 h Now, substituting value of k in x and y , we get
=
2+3
6 # 13 - 2
x = 13 3 = 78 - 6 = 72 = 9
= - 8 + 18 = 10 = 2 + 1 16 16 2
5 5 3
3 # 133 - 5
m y + m2 y2 y = = 8 # 3 = 24 = 3
and y = 1 2 3 +1
13 16 16 2
m1 + m2
Hence, the co-ordinates of point of intersection
2 # ^- 1h + 3 ^- 6h
=
2+3 P (x, y) = b 9 , 3 l
2 2
= - 2 - 18 = - 20 = - 4
5 5
PRACTICE 93. If A (- 2, 1), B (a, 0), C (4, b) and D (1, 2) are the
 Determine the ratio in which the straight line vertices of a parallelogram ABCD , find the values of
x - y - 2 = 0 divides the line segment joining a and b . Hence find the lengths of its sides.
^3, - 1h and ^8, 9h . Sol : [Board 2018]
As per information given in question we have drawn
Ans : 2: 3 the figure below.
92. Find the ratio in which the y -axis divides the line
segment joining the points ^- 1, - 4h and ^5, - 6h .
Also find the coordinates of the point of intersection.
Let points P (0, y) divides the line joining the point
A (- 1, - 4) and B (5, - 6) in ratios k : 1.
figure below. Here ABCD is a parallelogram and diagonals AC and
BD bisect each other. Therefore mid point of BD is
same as mid point of AC .
a+1 2 -2 + 4 b + 1
b 2 , 2l = b 2 , 2 l
Section formula is given by a+1 = 1 & a = 1
x = m1 x2 + m2 x1 ...(1) 2
m1 + m2 b+1 = 1 & b = 1
and
m1 y2 + m2 y1 2
and y = ...(2)
m1 + m2
Now AB = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2
Here, m1 = k and m2 = 1,
= (1 + 2) 2 + (0 - 1) 2
x1 = - 1 and x2 = 5
= 9 + 1 = 10 unit
y1 = - 4 and y2 = - 6
BC = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2
k # 5 + 1 # (- 1)
Now 0 =
k+1 = (4 - 1) 2 + (1 - 0) 2
5k - 1 = 0 & k = 1 = 9 + 1 = 10 unit
5
Since ABCD is a parallelogram,
Substitute value of k in eq (2), we get
k (- 6) + 1 (- 4) AB = CD = 10 unit
y =
k+1 BC = AD = 10 unit
1
(- 6) + 1 (- 4)
= 5 Therefore length of sides are 10 units each.
5 +1
1
= - 26 = - 13 94. If P ^9a - 2, - b h divides the line segment joining

6 3
A ^3a + 1, - 3h and B ^8a, 5h in the ratio 3: 1. find the
Hence, value of k is 1 and required point is b 0, - 13 l values of a and b.
5 3
PRACTICE
 Find the ratio in which y -axis divides the line
3 ^8a h + 1 + ^3a + 1h
segment joining the points A ^5, - 6h and 9a - 2 = ...(1)
3+1
B ^- 1, - 4h . Also find the co-ordinates of the
point of division. 3 ^5 h + 1 ^- 3h
-b = ...(2)
3+1
Ans : 5: 1, ^0, - 133 h Form (2) - b = 15 - 3 = 3 & b = - 3
4
From (1), 9a - 2 = 24a + 3a + 1
4
BC = ^0 - 2h2 + ^2 - 0h2 = 4+4 = 2 2

4 ^9a - 2h = 27a + 1
Clearly, AB = AC =
Y BC
36a - 8 = 27a + 1
Thus TABC is an isosceles triangle.
9a = 9 & a = 1
Now, AB2 + AC2 = 22 + 22 = 4 + 4 = 8
The base BC of an equilateral triangle ABC lies BC2 = ^2 2 h = 8
2
95. also,
on y -axis. The co-ordinates of point C are ^0, 3h .
The origin is the mid-point of the base. Find the co- AB2 + AC2 = BC2
ordinates of the point A and B. Also find the co- Thus TABC is an isosceles right angled triangle.
ordinates of another point D such that BACD is a
Now, area of TABC
rhombus.
Sol : T ABC = 1 base # height
[Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] 2
As per question, diagram of rhombus is shown below.
= 1 # 2 # 2 = 2 sq. units.
2
97. The base QR of an equilateral triangle PQR lies on
x-axis. The co-ordinates of point Q are ^- 4, 0h and
the origin is the mid-point of the base. find the co-
ordinates of the point P and R.
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017, Foreign 2015]
Co-ordinates of point B are ^0, 3h .

Thus BC = 6 unit
Let the co-ordinates of point A be ^x, 0h .
Now AB = x2 + 9
Since AB = BC , thus we have
x2 + 9 = 36
x2 = 27 & x = ! 3 3 Co-ordinates of point R is ^4, 0h .
Co-ordinates of point A is `3 3 , 0j . Thus QR = 8 units
Since ABCD is a rhombus, Let the co-ordinates of point P be ^0, y h
AB = AC = CD = DB
Since PQ = QR
Thus co-ordinate of point D is _- 3 3 , 0i .
^- 4 - 0h + ^0 - y h2 = 64
2
96. The co-ordinates of vertices of TABC are A ^0, 0h, 16 + y2 = 64

B ^0, 2h and C ^2, 0h . Prove that TABC is an isosceles y =! 4 3
triangle. Also find its area.
Coordinates of P are `0, 4 3 j or `0, - 4 3 j
The line segment joining the points A ^3, 2h and B ^5, 1h
^x2 - x1h2 + ^y2 - y1h2 we
98.
Using distance formula d =
have is divided at the point P in the ratio 1: 2 and P lies
on the line 3x - 18y + k = 0 . Find the value of k.
AB = ^0 - 0h2 + ^0 - 2h2 = 4 =2
AC = ^0 - 2h2 + ^0 - 0h2 = 4 =2
Let co-ordinates of P be ^x1, y1h and it divides line AB
in the ratio 1 : 2. CD = ^4 - 1h2 + ^0 + 4h2

= ^3 h2 + ^4h2 = 5 units
AD = ^5 - 1h2 + ^- 1 + 4h2
= ^4h2 + ^3 h2 = 5 units
x1 = mx2 + nx1 = 1 # 5 + 2 # 3 = 11 Diagonal, AC = ^5 - 4h2 + ^- 1 - 0h2
m+n 1+2 3
my2 + ny1 1 # 2 + 2 # 2 = 12 + 12 = 2 units
y2 = = =5
m+n 1+2 3
Diagonal BD = ^8 - 1h2 + ^3 + 4h2
Since point P ^x1, y1h lies on line , 3x - 18y + k = 0 , so
co-ordinates of P must satisfy the equation of line. = ^7 h2 + ^7 h2 = 7 2 units
3 # 11 - 18 # 5 + k = 0 As the length of all the sides are equal but the length
3 3 of the diagonals are not equal. Thus ABCD is not
k = 19 square but a rhombus.
99. If R ^x, y h is a point on the line segment joining 101. (i) Derive section formula.
the points P â, b h and Q ^b, a h, then prove that (ii) In what ratio does ^- 4, 6h divides the line segment
x + y = a + b. joining the point A ^- 6, 4h and B ^3, - 8h
Sol : [Board Term-2, OD 2012] Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
As per question line is shown below. (i) Section Formula : Let A ^x1, y1h and B ^x2, y2h are
two points. Let P ^x, y h be a point on line, joining A
and B , such that P divides it in the ratio m1: m2 .
m y + m1 y2
Now ^x, y h = b m2 x1 + m1 x2 , 2 1
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 l
Let point R (x, y) divides the line joining P and Q in
the ratio k : 1, then we have
x = kb + a
k+1
and y = ka + b
k+1
Adding, x + y = kb + a + ka + b
k+1
k â + b h + â + b h
=
k+1
^k + 1hâ + b h
= = a+b
k+1
x+y = a+b Hence Proved
100. The vertices of quadrilateral ABCD are A ^5, - 1h,

B ^8, 3h, C ^4, 0h and D ^1, - 4h . Prove that ABCD is Proof : Let AB be a line segment joining the points.
a rhombus. A ^x1, y1h, B ^x2, y2h .
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] Let P divides AB in the ratio m1: m2 . Let P have co-
The vertices of the quadrilateral ABCD are ordinates ^x, y h .
A ^5, - 1h, B ^8, 3h, C ^4, 0h D ^1, - 4h . Draw AL, PM, PN, = to x-axis
It is clear form figure, that
Now AB = ^8 - 5h2 + ^3 + 1h2
AR = LM = OM - OL = x - x1
= 32 + 42 = 5 units
PR = PM - RM = y - y1 .
BC = ^8 - 4h2 + ^3 - 0h2
also, PS = ON - OM = x2 - x
= 42 + 32 = 5 units
BS = BN - SN = y2 - y
Now TAPR ~TPBS [AAA] Since AB = BC =

Y AC , triangle TABC is isosceles.
Thus AR = PR = AP Now, using mid-section formula, the co-ordinates of

PS BS PB
mid-point of BC are
and AR = AP
PS PB x = -5 + 0 =- 5
2 2
x - x1 m
= 1
x2 - x m2 y = 3 + 4 = 7
m2 x - m2 x1 = m1 x2 - m1 x 2 2
D ^x, y h = b- 5 , 7 l
x = m1 x2 + m2 x1 2 2
m1 + m2
PR = AP Length of median AD ,
Now
BS PB -5 2
7 2
y - y2
AD = b 2 - 1l + b 2 + 1l
= m1
y2 - y m2 -7 2 9 2
m y + m2 y1
= b 2 l +b2l
y = 1 2
m1 + m2 130 = 130 square unit
=
m y + m1 y2 4 2
Thus co-ordinates of P are b m2 x1 + m1 x2 , 2 1
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 l 130
Thus length of median AD is units.
(ii) Assume that ^- 4, 6h divides the line segment 2
joining the point A ^- 6, 4h and B ^3, - 8h in ratio k : 1 103. Point ^- 1, y h and B ^5, 7h lie on a circle with centre
Using section formula for x co-ordinate we have O ^2, - 3y h . Find the values of y. Hence find the radius
of the circle.
k (3) - 6
-4 =
k+1 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
- 4k - 4 = 3k - 6 & k = 2
7
Since, A ^- 1, y h and B ^5, 7h lie on a circle
with centre O ^2, - 3y h, OA and OB are the
102. ^1, - 1h, ^0, 4h and ^- 5, 3h are vertices of a triangle. radius of circle and are equal. Thus
Check whether it is a scalene triangle, isosceles triangle OA = OB
or an equilateral triangle. Also, find the length of its
median joining the vertex ^1, - 1h the mid-point of ^- 1 - 2h + ^y + 3y h2 = ^5 - 2h2 + ^7 + 3y h2
2
the opposite side. 9 + 16y2 = 9y2 + 42y + 58

Sol : [Board Term-2, 2015] y2 - 6y - 7 = 0
Let the vertices of TABC be A ^1, - 1h , B ^0, 4h and ^y + 1h^y - 7h = 0
C ^- 5, 3h . Let D (x, y) be mid point of BC . Now the y = - 1, 7
triangle is shown below.
When y = - 1, centre is O ^2, - 3y h = ^2, 3h and radius
OB = ^5 - 2h2 + ^7 - 3h2
= 9 + 16 = 5 unit
When y = 7 , centre is O ^2, - 3y h = ^2, - 21h and
radius
OB = ^2 - 5h2 + ^- 21 - 7h2
= 9 + 784 = 793 unit
104. Find the values of k so that the area of the triangle

with vertices ^1, - 1h, ^- 4, 2k h and ^- k, - 5h is 24 sq.
Using distance formula, we get units.
^1 - 0h2 + ^- 1 - 4h2 = 1 + 5 = 26
2
AB = Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
BC = ^- 5 - 0h + ^3 - 4h = 25 + 1 = 26
2 2 We have ^1, - 1h, ^- 4, 2k h and ^- k, - 5h
Area of triangle
AC = ^- 5 - 1h2 + ^3 + 1h2 = 36 + 16 = 2 13
D = 1 6x1 ^y2 - y3h + x2 ^y3 - y1h + x3 ^y1 - y2h@ As per question quadrilateral PQRS is shown below.
2
24 = 1 81 ^2k + 5h - 4 ^- 5 + 1h - k ^- 1 - 2k hB
2
48 = 2k + 5 + 16 + k + 2k2
2k2 + 3k - 27 = 0
^k - 3h^2k + 9h = 0
k = 3, - 9
2
105. A ^4, - 6h, B ^3, - 2h and C ^5, 2h are the vertices of a
TABC and AD is its median. Prove that the median Area ; PQRS = T PQR + T PRS
AD divides TABC into two triangles or equal areas.
T = 1 6x1 ^y2 - y1h + x2 ^y3 - y1h + x2 ^y1 - y2h@
2
Area TPQR ,
Since AD is the median of TABC from vertex A,
we have T PQR
D ^x, y h = b 3 + 5 + - 2 + 2 l = ^4, 0h = 1 6- 4 ^- 2 - ^- 5hh + 3 ^- 5 - ^- 2hh + - 3 ^- 2 - ^- 2hh@

2 2 2
As per question statement triangle is shown below. = 1 6- 4 # 3 + 3 # - 3 + 3 # 0@
2
= # ^12 + 9h = 21 sq. units
1
2 2
1
Area T PRS = 6- 4 ^- 2 - 3h + 3 ^3 + 2h + 2 ^- 2 + 2h@
2
= 1 6- 4 # - 5 + 3 # 5 + 0@
2
= 1 # ^20 + 15h = 35 sq. units
Area of TADB , 2 2
Area ; PQRS = 21 + 35 = 28 sq. units
T ADB = 1 # ^4 ^0 + 2h + ^- 2 + 6h + 3 ^- 6 - 0hh 2 2
2
1
= # ^8 + 16 + - 18h PRACTICE
2
 Find the area of a quadrilateral PQRS whose
= 1 # 3 = 3 square units (1) vertices are P ^4, 3h, Q ^10, - 1h, R ^15, 4h and
2
S ^10, 23h .
Area of TACB
T ACB = 1 # ^4 ^0 - 2h + 4 ^2 + 6h + 5 ^- 6 - 0hh Ans : 132

2
1
= # ^- 8 + 32 - 30h
2  Find the area of a quadrilateral ABCD , whose
= 1 #- 6 =- 3 vertices are A ^1, 1h, B ^7, - 3h, C ^12, 2h and
2 D ^7, 21h .
Since area can not be negative, we take positive value. [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
Thus T ACB = 3 square units (2) Ans : 132

From (1) and (2) we see that T ADB = T ACB . It is
verified that median of TABC divides it into two  Find the area of a quadrilateral PQRS whose
triangles of equal areas. vertices are P ^- 5, 7h, R ^- 1, - 6h and S ^4, 5h .
106. Find the area of the quadrilateral PQRS. The co-
ordinates of whose vertices are P ^- 4, - 2h, Q ^- 3, - 5h, Ans : 72
R ^3, - 2h and 5 ^2, 3h .
 Find the area of the quadrilateral whose vertices We have A (6, 3), B ^- 3, 5h, C ^4, - 2h and P ^x, y h
are A ^3, 1h, B ^8, 1h, C ^7, 2h and D ^5, 3h
ar ^TPBC h = 1 x ^7 h + 3 ^2 + y h + 4 ^y - 5h
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] 2
11
Ans : 2
= 1 7x + 7y - 14
2
ar ^TABC h = 1 6 # 7 - 3 ^- 5h + 4 ^3 - 5h = 49
2 2
107. If the co-ordinates of two points are A ^3, 4h, B ^5, - 2h
and a point P (x, 5) is such that PA = PB then find ar ^TPBC h 2 ^7x + 7y - 14h
1
Thus =
the area of TPAB. ar ^TABC h 49
2
7 ^x + y - 2h x+y-2
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017] = =
49 7
Since PA = PB
110. In the given figure, the vertices of TABC are A ^4, 6h,
PA2 = PB2 B ^1, 5h and C ^7, 2h . A line-segment DE is drawn to
Using distance formula we have intersect sides AB and AC at D and E respectively
such that ADAB = AC = 3 . Calculate the area of TADE
AE 1
^x - 3h2 + ^5 - 4h2 = ^x - 5h2 + ^5 + 2h2
and compare it with area of TABC.
x2 - 6x + 9 + 1 = x2 - 10x + 25 + 49
10x - 6x = 74 - 10
x = 16
Thus area TPAB
T PAB = 1 616 ^4 + 2h + 3 ^- 2 - 5h + 5 ^5 - 4h@

2
1
= 696 - 21 + 5@ = 40
2
Hence, area of triangle is 40 square units.
108. If the points A ^0, 1h, B ^6, 3h and C ^x, 5h are the vertices
of a triangle, find the value of x such that area of
TABC = 10 Area of a triangle having vertices ^x1, y1h, ^x2, y2h and
^x3, y3h is given by
We have A ^0, 1h, B ^6, 3h and C ^x, 5h D = 1 6x1 ^y2 - y3h + x2 ^y3 - y1h + x3 ^y1 - y2h@
2
Since area of the triangle ABC is 10, we have Thus area of triangle ABC is,
1 0 3 - 5 + 6 5 - 1 + x 1 - 3 = 10
26 ^ h ^ h ^ h@ D ABC = 1 64 ^5 - 2h + 1 ^2 - 6h + 7 ^6 - 5h@
2
1 0 + 24 - 2x = 10
26 @ = 1 612 + ^- 4h + 7@ = 15 sq units
2 2
Here area may be negative also. So we have to consider
In TADE and TABC, we have
the negative area also.
For positive area, AD = AE = 1
AB EC 3
24 - 2x = 20 & x = 2
and +DAE = +BAC
For negative area,
Hence DDAE + DABC
24 - 2x = - 20 & x = 22
T ADE = AD 2 = 1 2 = 1
Now
T ABC b AB l b 3 l 9
109. The co-ordinates of the points A, B and C are
^6, 3h, ^- 3, 5h and ^4, - 2h respectively. P ^x, y h is any T ADE = 1
points in the plane.
15
2
9
ar ^TPBC h x+y-2 Area T ADE = 15 = 5 Sq. units
Show that = 2#9 6
ar ^TABC h 7
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] Area T ADE : D ABC = 5 : 15 = 1: 9
6 2
111. If a =
Y b=Y 0, prove that the points â, a2h, ^b, b2h, ^0, 0h Area of TABC
will not be collinear.
T ABC = 1 6x1 ^y2 - y1h + x2 ^y3 - y1h + x2 ^y1 - y2h@
2
If three points are collinear, then area covered by = 1 64 ^2 - 9h + 7 ^9 + 2h + 0 ^2 - 2h@
2
given points must be zero.
= # 49 = 49 sq. units
1
area = 1 8a ^b2 - 0h + b ^0 - a2h + 0 â2 - b2hB 2 2
2
Now, 1 AB # h = 49
= 1 6ab2 - a2 b + 0@ 2# 2
2
1 5 h = 49
= 1 8ab ^b - a hB =
Y 0 as a =
Y b= Y 0 2# #
2
Hence, the given points are not collinear. h = 49 = 9.8 units.
5
112. If the points A ^k + 1, 2k h, B ^3k, 2k + 3h and

C ^5k - 1, 5k h are collinear, then find the value of k. COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS
If three points are collinear, then area covered 114. BEST : The Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and
by given points must be zero. Transport (BEST) is a civic transport and electricity
Thus area provider public body based in Mumbai. BEST operates
one of India’s largest fleets of buses. The bus transport
1 x y -y +x y -y +x y -y
26 1^ 2 3h 2^ 3 1h 3^ 1 2h@ =0 service covers the entire city and also extends its
operations outside city limits into neighbouring urban
x1 ^y2 - y3h + x2 ^y3 - y1h + x2 ^y1 - y2h = 0 areas. In addition to buses, it also operates a ferry
Here x1 = k + 1, x2 = 3k, x3 = 5k - 1 service in the northern reaches of the city.
y1 = 2k, y2 = 2k + 3, y3 = 5k.
^k + 1h^2k + 3 - 5k h + 3k ^5k - 2k h +
+ ^5k - 1h^2k - 2k - 3h = 0
^k + 1h^3 - 3k h + 3k ^3k h + ^5k - 1h^- 3h = 0
3 ^1 + k h^1 - k h + 3 ^k h^3k h - 3 ^5k - 1h = 0
3 61 - k2 + 3k2 - 5k + 1@ = 0
2k2 - 5k + 2 = 0
2k2 - 4k - k + 2 = 0 There are two routes to travel from source A to
2k ^k - 2h - 1 ^k - 2h = 0 destination B by using BEST bus service. First bus
reaches at B via point C and second bus reaches from
^2k - 1h^k - 2h = 0 A to B directly. If coordinates of A, B and C are
Thus k = 2 and 12 . (- 2, - 3), (2, 3) and (3, 2) respectively, then by which
bus do you want to travel from A to B using BEST
113. The points A ^4, - 2h, B ^7, 2h, C ^0, 9h and D ^- 3, 5h services. (Assume that both buses have same speed).
form a parallelogram. Find the length of altitude of
the parallelogram on the base AB. Sol :
Here the coordinates of A, B and C are (- 2, - 3),
(2, 3) and (3, 2) respectively.
Let the height of parallelogram taking AB as base
Now, AB = (- 2 - 2)2 + (- 3 - 3)2
be h.
= 16 + 36 = 52 = 2 13
Now AB = ^7 - 4h2 + ^2 + 2h2
= 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 AC = (- 2 - 3) + (- 3 - 2)2
2
= 5 units = 25 + 25 = 50 = 5 2
BC = (2 - 3)2 + (3 - 2)2 (iii) Find the position of the fourth pole D so that
four points A, B C and D form a parallelogram .
= 1+1 = 2
(iv) What is the distance between poles A and C ?
Distance travelled by first bus
(v) What is the distance between poles B and D ?
= AC + BC
Sol :
=5 2+ 2 =6 2
(i) From the given digram we can easily get that
Distance travelled by second bus position of the pole C (5, 4).
= AB = 2 13 (ii) Coordinates of B are (6, 6).
But 6 2 2 2 13 Distance from origin = ^6 - 0h2 + ^6 - 0h2
Hence, by second bus we would like to travel. = 36 + 36
115. Resident Welfare Association (RWA) of a Gulmohar = 6 2 units
Society in Delhi have installed three electric poles A,
(iii) If ABCD is a parallelogram, the diagonals bisects
B and C in a society’s common park. Despite these
each other. Here AC and BD are diagonals.
three poles, some parts of the park are still in dark.
So, RWA decides to have one more electric pole D in Mid-point of AC = b 2 + 5 , 7 + 4 l = ^3.5, 5.5h
2 2
the park.
Now, mid-point of diagonal, BD will be ^3.5, 5.5h also.
Let, the coordinates of D be ^x, y h
Now 6 + x = 3.5 and 6 + y = 5.5

2 2
x = 1 and y = 5
(iv) Coordinates of A are (2, 7) and coordinates of C
are (5, 4).
Distance between pole A and C ,
The park can be modelled as a coordinate systems AC = ^5 - 2h2 + ^4 - 7h2
given below.
= 9 + 9 = 3 2 units
(v) Coordinates of B are (6, 6) and coordinates of D
are (1, 5).
Distance between pole B and D ,
BD = ^6 - 1h2 + ^6 - 5h2
= 52 + 12
= 25 + 1 = 26 units
116. Birla Science Museum is the first Science and

Technology Museum of the country, established
in 1954. It houses exhibits and displays on science
and technology where visitors can interact with the
exhibits to make the understanding of science and
technology easy and entertaining.
On the basis of the above information, answer any

four of the following questions:
(i) What is the position of the pole C ?
(ii) What is the distance of the pole B from the
corner O of the park ? Birla Science Museum has set aside a children’s
room having planets and stars painted on the ceiling.
Suppose an imaginary coordinate system is placed on an old age home gives them protection from intruders
the ceiling in the room with the centre of the ceiling at and helps them live a safe and secure life.
(0, 0,). Three particular stars are located at S ^- 10, 5h
, T ^3, - 8h and R ^- 7, - 4h , where the coordinates
represent the distance in feet from the center of the
room.
(i) Find the distance between each pair of stars.
(ii) Which star is farthest from the center of the
room?
Sol :
(i) Distance formula is given by
d = ^x2 - x1h2 + ^y2 - y1h2
Thus A school decides to take the students for school picnic
83 - ^- 10hB + ^- 8 - 5h to an amusement park. However, the students have to
2 2
ST =
first visit an old age home and then move towards the
= 132 + (- 13) 2 park. If the point S , P and H represent the school,
= 338 = 13 2 the park and the old age home respectively, find the
additional distance covered by the students had they
^- 7 - 3h2 + 8- 4 - ^- 8hB
2
TR = travelled directly from school to the park. ? (Note :
= ^- 10h2 + (4) 2 All distance are in km)
= 116 = 4 29
8- 7 - ^- 10hB + ^- 4 - 5h2
2
SR =
= (3) 2 + ^- 9h2
= 90 = 3 10
So, ST = 13 2 feet
TR = 4 29 feet
and SR = 3 10 feet
(ii) Let O = ^0, 0h .
OS = ^- 10 - 0h2 + ^5 - 0h2
= 125
^3 - 0h2 + `- 8 - 0j
2
OT =
= 73
Sol :
OR = ^- 7 - 0h2 + ^- 4 - 0h2 Using the distance formula, we get
= 65 SP = (8 - 2)2 + (10 - 2)2
The star located at S is farthest from the center of
= (6)2 + (8)2
the room.
= 36 + 64 = 100
117. Old Age Home : An old age homes is a place where
SP = 10 km
old people live and are cared for when they are too
old to look after themselves. With advancing age, SH = (8 - 2)2 + (2 - 2)2
people often lose motor functions. Performing day to
= (6)2 + (0)2
day activities becomes a daunting task. In an old age
home, the association helps with daily activities. One = 36 + 0 = 36
of the factors that make old age homes attractive to
SH = 6 km
elders is the companionship. The steady security in
HP = (8 - 8)2 + (10 - 2)2 (v) What shape is formed by the coordinates of

positions of school, grocery store, food court and
(0)2 + (8)2 office?
= 0 + 64 = 64 Sol :
HP = 8 km Consider the house is at origin (0, 0), then coordinates
Distance between school and park = SP = 10 km . of grocery store, office, food court and school are
Distance between school and park via the old age respectively (2, 3), (- 4, - 6), (6, - 8) and (- 6, 8)
home = SH + HP = 6 + 8 = 14 km
Additional distance travelled while going to the old
age home = 14 - 10 = 4 km .
118. Satellite Images : Satellite images are images of

Earth collected by imaging satellites operated by
governments and businesses around the world.
Satellite imaging companies sell images by licensing
them to governments and businesses such as Apple
Maps and Google Maps. It should not be confused for
astronomy images collected by space telescope.
(i) Grocery store is at (2, 3) and food court is at

(6, - 8).
Distance between grocery store and food court,
= (6 - 2)2 + (- 8 - 3)2
Barun lives in Jaipur in Vaishali. Satellite image of his = 42 + 112 = 16 + 121

colony is shown in given figure. In this view, his house = 137 cm
is pointed out by a flag, which is situated at the point
(ii) House is at (0, 0) and school is at (6, - 8).
of intersection of x and y - axes. If he goes 2 cm east
and 3 cm north from the house, then he reaches to a Distance of the school from the house,
grocery store, If he goes 4 cm west and 6 cm south = (- 6)2 + 82
from the house, then he reaches to his office. If he goes
= 36 + 64 = 100 = 10 cm
6 cm east and 8 cm south from the house, then he
reaches to a food court. If he goes 6 cm west and 8 cm (iii) Let O divides EG in the ratio k : 1, then
north from the house, he reaches to a his kid’s school. 0 = 2k - 4
Based on the above information, answer the following k+1
2k = 4
questions.
(i) Find the distance between grocery store and food k =2
court. Thus, O divides EG in the ratio 2 : 1
(ii) Find the distance of the school from the house. Hence, required ratio = OG : OE i.e., 1 : 2
(iii) If the grocery store and office lie on a line, what (iv) Since, (0, 0) is the mid-point of (- 6, 8) and
is the ratio of distance of house from grocery store (6, - 8), therefore both school and food court are at
to that from office ? equal distances from the house. Hence, required ratio
(iv) Find the ratio of distances of house from school to is 1 : 1.
food court. (v) Mid-points of grocery store and office is
b2 -
2
4 , 3 - 6 , i.e., - 1, - 3
2 l b 2 l
Colin and Dravid.
(i) What is the distance between A and B ?
Since mid-point are not same, diagonals does not
bisect each other. Hence, they from a quadrilateral. (ii) What is the distance between C and D ?
(iii) What is the distance between A and C ?
119. Morning assembly is an integral part of the school’s
schedule. Almost all the schools conduct morning (iv) What is the distance between D and B ?
assemblies which include prayers, information of Sol :
latest happenings, inspiring thoughts, speech, national (i) We have A (3, 4) and B (6, 7).
anthem, etc. A good school is always particular about
AB = (6 - 3) 2 + (7 - 4) 2
their morning assembly schedule. Morning assembly is
important for a child’s development. It is essential to =2 3
understand that morning assembly is not just about (ii) We have C (9, 4) and D (6, 1).
standing in long queues and singing prayers or national
anthem, but it’s something beyond just prayers. All CD = (9 - 6) 2 + (4 - 1) 2
the activities carried out in morning assembly by the =2 3
school staff and students have a great influence in
(iii) We have A (3, 4) and C (9, 4)
every point of life. The positive effects of attending
school assemblies can be felt throughout life. AC = (3 - 9) 2 + (4 - 4) 2
=6
(iv) We have B (6, 7) and D (6, 1).
BD = (6 - 6) 2 + (7 - 1) 2
=6
120. Ajay, Bhigu and Colin are fast friend since childhood.
They always want to sit in a row in the classroom .
But teacher doesn’t allow them and rotate the seats
row-wise everyday. Bhigu is very good in maths and
he does distance calculation everyday. He consider the
centre of class as origin and marks their position on a
paper in a co-ordinate system. One day Bhigu make
the following diagram of their seating position.
Have you noticed that in school assembly you always
stand in row and column and this make a coordinate
system. Suppose a school have 100 students and they
all assemble in prayer in 10 rows as given below.
Here A, B, C and D are four friend Amar, Bharat,

(i) What are the coordinates of point A? in societies represented by the points A, B and C
(ii) What is the distance of point A from origin ? respectively. They all work in offices located in a
same building represented by the point O . Since they
(iii) What is the distance between A and B ? all go to same building everyday, they decided to do
(iv) What is the distance between B and C ? carpooling to save money on petrol. Based on the
above information, answer the following questions.
(v) A point D lies on the line segment between points
A and B such that AD : DB = 4 : 3 . What are the
the coordinates of point D ?
Sol :
(i) It may be seen easily from figure that coordinates
of point A are (- 2, 2).
(ii) OA = (0 + 2) 2 + (0 - 2) 2 = 2 2
(iii) It may be seen easily from figure that coordinates
of point A are (- 1, - 2).
AB = (- 2 + 1) 2 + (2 + 2) 2
= 1 + 42 = 17
(iv) It may be seen easily from figure that coordinates
of point A are (0, 3).
BC = (- 1 - 3) 2 + (- 2 - 0) 2
= 42 + 4 = 2 5 Sol :
(v) We have A (- 2, 2) and B (- 1, - 2) (i) Which society is nearest to the office?
m =4 (ii) What is the distance between A and C ?
n 3
(iii) Find the least distance between AB , OA and
2 + nx1 - 1 (4) + 3 (- 2)
x = mx = = - 10 BC ?
m+n 4+3 7
- 2 (4) + 3 (2) (iv) Find the best route to go to the office ?
my2 + hy1
y = = = -2 (v) If Bandhu and Chakradev planned to meet at a
m+n 4+3 7
club situated at the mid-point of the line joining
121. Carpooling : It is the sharing of car journeys so that
the points B and C , find the coordinates of this
more than one person travels in a car, and prevents
point.
the need for others to have to drive to a location
themselves. By having more people using one vehicle, Sol :
carpooling reduces each person’s travel costs such as: Coordinates of A, B and C are (2, 8), (7, 7) and (5,
fuel costs, tolls, and the stress of driving. Carpooling is 3) respectively. Coordinates of point O are (0, 0).
also a more environmentally friendly and sustainable (i) From the graph, it is clear that society C is nearest
way to travel as sharing journeys reduces air pollution, to the office.
carbon emissions, traffic congestion on the roads, and
(ii) Distance between A and C ,
the need for parking spaces.
= (5 - 2)2 + (3 - 8)2
= 32 + 52
= 9 + 25 = 34 units
(iii) By distance formula we have,
AB = (7 - 2)2 + (7 - 8)2 = 26 units
2 2
OA = 2 + 8 = 2 17 units
BC = (7 - 5)2 + (7 - 3)2 = 2 5 units
Distance BC is the least.
Three friends Amar, Bandhu and Chakradev lives
(iv) From graph it is clear that ABCO is best route
to go to office. (iv) d = 82 + 202 = 4 29

(v) Let this point is represented by D . Coordinates (v) Mid point of green flag and red flag
= b 2 + 8 , 25 + 20 l = (5, 22.5)
of D ,
2 2
= b 5 + 7 , 3 + 7 l = (6, 5)
2 2
123. A garden is in the shape of rectangle. Gardener grew
sapling of Ashoka tree on the boundary of garden at
122. To conduct sports day activities, in a rectangular
the distance of 1 meter from each other. He want to
shaped school ground ABCD , lines have been drawn
decorate the garden with rose plants. He choose
with chalk powder at a distance of 1 m each. 100
triangular region inside the park to grow rose
flower pots have been placed at a distance of 1 m
plants. On the above situation, gardener took
from each other along AB , as shown in figure.
help from the students of class 10th. They
Nishtha runs 14 th the distance AB on the 2nd
made a chart for it which looks as the above
line and posts a green flag. Suman runs 15 th the
figure.
distance AB on the 8th line and posts a red flag.
(i) What is the position of green flag ?

(ii) What is the position of red flag ? (i) If A is taken as origin, What are the coordinates
of triangle PQR ?
(iii) What is the distance between both the flags?
(ii) If C is taken as origin, what is the co-ordinate of
(iv) What is the distance of red flag from point A ? point P ?
(v) If Rakhi has to post a blue flag exactly halfway (iii) If B is taken as origin, what are the co-ordinate
between the line segment joining the two flags, of P ?
where should she post her flag?
(iv) What is distance between P and Q if origin is
Sol : taken A?
(i) 14 th of the AD corresponds to y = 1004 = 25 and (v) What is distance between P and Q if origin is
2nd line corresponds to x = 2 . Thus coordinates of taken B ?
green flag point are (2, 25).
(ii) 15 th of the AD corresponds to y = 1005 = 20 and Sol :
8th line corresponds to x = 8 . Thus coordinates of (i) In following figure we have shown the co-ordinate
red point are (8, 20). taking A as origin.
(iii) d = (8 - 2) 2 + (20 - 25) 2
= 62 + 52 = 61
(iv) PQ = (4 - 3) 2 + (6 - 2) 2 = 17
(ii) In following figure we have shown the co-ordinate
(v) Distance not depend on origin. In this case this
taking C as origin.
is 17 .
(iii) In following figure we have shown the co-ordinate

taking B as origin.
Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 267
CHAPTER 8
Introduction of Trigonometry
ONE MARK QUESTIONS tan q = 2 -1
4. If cos A = 4 , then find the value of tan A.

1. Given that sin a = 3
and cos b = 0 , then what is the 5
2
value of b - a ? Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] We have cos A = 4

5
We have sin a = 3 We know that, cos A = Base =4
2 Hypotenuse 5
sin a = sin 60c & a = 60c ...(1) Perpendicular = 52 - 42 = 25 - 16 = 3
and cos b = 0 Perpendicular
Now, tan A = =3
Base 4
cos b = cos 90c & b = 90c ...(2)
Now, b - a = 90c - 60c = 30c 5. If sin A = 1 , then what is the value of cot A?
2
2. If TABC is right angled at C , then find the value Sol : [Board Term-1 2017]
of sec (A + B). We have sin A = 1

2
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] Perpendicular
sin A = =1
We have +C = 90c Hypotenuse 2
Since, +A + +B + +C = 180c Now, Base = 22 - 12 = 3
+A + +B = 180c - +C So, cot A = Base = 3 = 3
Perpendicular 1
= 180c - 90c = 90c
Hence, the required value of cot A is 3 .
Now, sec (A + B) = sec 90c not defined
6. If sin q = a , then find the value of cos q ?
PRACTICE b
 If TABC is right angled at C , then find the value Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
ofcos Â + B h . Perpendicular
We have sin q = a =
[Board Term-1 2015] b Hypotenuse
Ans : 0 Base = b2 - a2
So, cos q = Base = b2 - a2

Hypotenuse b
3. If sin q + cos q = 2 cos q , (q ! 90c) then what is the
value of tan q ? 7. If sin q = 5 , then the value of tan q is .......... .
13
We have sin q + cos q = 2 cos q 5
From sin q = we can draw the figure as given below.
Dividing both sides by cos q , we get 13
sin q + cos q = 2 cos q
cos q cos q cos q
tan q + 1 = 2
Page 268 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8
AC 5
tan2 60c + sin2 45c = ( 3 ) 2 + c 1 m
2
Now, tan q = BC = 12
2
1 7
8. If cot q = 12 , then the value of sin q is ......... . = 3+ =
2 2
5
Sol :
If sin q - cos q = 0 , then find the value of ^sin 4 q + cos 4 qh
13.
Given, cot q = 12 & tan q = 5
5 12 Sol : [Board 2007]
From tan q = 5 we can draw the figure as given

12 We have, sin q - cos q = 0
below.
sin q = cos q
sin q = sin ^90c - qh
q = 90c - q & q = 45c
Now, sin 4 q + cos 4 q = sin 4 45c + cos 4 45c
So, sin q = AC = 5 4 4
CB 13 = d 1 n +d 1 n = 1 + 1 = 1
2 2 4 4 2
9. If cos â + b h = 0 , then find sin â - b h in terms of b . 14. In the adjoining figure, what is the length of BC ?
We have, cos â + b h = 0 = cos 90c 6cos 90c = 0@

a + b = 90c
a = 90c - b
Now, sin â - b h = sin ^90c - b - b h
= sin ^90c - 2b h Sol : [Board 2009]
= cos 2b
In TABC , sin 30c = BC
Thus (b) is correct option. AC
1 = BC & BC = 3 cm
10. If cos 9a = sin a and 9a < 90c, then what is the value 2 6
of tan 5a ? 15. If sec 5A = cosec Â + 30ch , where 5A is an acute
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013] angle, then what is the value of A?
We have cos 9a = sin a where 9a < 90c Sol : [Board 2010]
sin ^90c - 9ah = sin a We have, sec 5A = cosec Â + 30ch

90c - 9a = a sec 5A = sec 690c - Â - 30ch@
10a = 90c & a = 9c sec 5A = sec ^60c - Ah
tan 5a = tan ^5 # 9ch 5A = 60c - A
= tan 45c = 1 6tan 45c = 1@ 6A = 60c & A = 10c
11. If sin a = 1
and cos b = 12 , then find the value of
If tan (A + B) = 3 and tan (A - B) = 1 , A > B ,
2
â + b h . 16.
then the value of A is ......... . 3
sin a = 1 = sin 30c & a = 30c
2 We have tan (A + B) = 3
and 1
cos b = = cos 60c & b = 60c
2 = tan 60c
a + b = 30c + 60c = 90c Hence, A + B = 60c
...(1)
12. The value of the (tan2 60c + sin2 45c) is .......... .
Again, tan (A - B) = 1
3
= tan 30c = 9 (sin2 q + cos2 q) + 16 (sin2 q + cos2 q)

A - B = 30c ...(2) = 9 + 16 = 25
Adding equation (1) and (2) we get
2A = 90c & A = 45c 22. If cos A = 2 , find the value of 4 + 4 tan2 A .
5
The value of c sin2 q + 1
1 + tan2 q m
17. = ................... .
4 + 4 tan2 A = 4 ^1 + tan2 Ah
4
4 sec2 A = = 24 2 = 4 # 25 = 25
2
sin q + 1 = sin2 q + 12 cos2 A ^5h 4
1 + tan2 q sec q 2 2
23. Evaluate sin 60c - 2 tan 45c - cos 30c
= sin q + cos2 q = 1
2
18. The value of (1 + tan2 q) (1 - sin q) (1 + sin q) = ........ . sin2 60c - 2 tan 45c - cos2 30c
2 2
Sol : =c 3 - 2 (1) - 3
2 m c 2 m
(1 + tan2 q) (1 - sin q) (1 + sin q)

= 3 - 2 - 3 =- 2
= sec2 q (1 - sin2 q) 4 4
= sec2 q # cos2 q 24. If sin q + sin2 q = 1 then prove that cos2 q + cos 4 q = 1.
= 1 2 Sol :
# cos q = 1 [Board 2020 OD Basic]
cos2 q 2
We have sin q + sin q = 1
19. Prove that sin q + (1 - cos2 q) = 1
(1 + tan A - sec A) # (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2 tan A sin q - cos2 q = 0
sin q = cos2 q
LHS = (1 + tan A - sec A) # (1 + tan A + sec A) Squaring both sides, we get
= (1 + tan A) 2 - sec2 A sin2 q = cos 4 q
= 1 + tan2 A + 2 tan A - sec2 A 1 - cos2 q = cos 4 q
= sec2 A + 2 tan A - sec2 A cos 4 q + cos2 q = 1 Hence Proved
= 2 tan A = RHS
25. In a triangle ABC, write cos b B + C l in
20. If tan A = cot B , then find the value of (A + B). 2
terms of angle A.
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
We have tan A = cot B In a triangle A + B + C = 180º
tan A = tan (90c - B) B + C = 180º - A
A = 90c - B Thus cos b B + C l = cos :180º - A D
2 2
Thus A + B = 90c
= cos :90 - A D = sin A
2 2
21. If x = 3 sin q + 4 cos q and y = 3 cos q - 4 sin q then
prove that x2 + y2 = 25 . 26. If sec q $ sin q = 0 , then find the value of q .

We have x = 3 sin q + 4 cos q We have sec q $ sin q = 0

1 $ sin q = 0
and y = 3 cos q - 4 sin q cos q
x2 + y2 sin q = 0
= (3 sin q + 4 cos q) 2 + (3 cos q - 4 sin q) 2 cos q
tan q = 0 = tan 0º Thus q = 0º
= (9 sin2 q + 16 cos2 q + 24 sin q cos q) +
+ (9 cos2 q + 16 sin2 q - 24 sin q cos q)
27. If tan 2A = cot Â + 60ºh , find the value of A where k+1 = 1 & k= 1-1 = 0
2A is an acute angle.
Thus k = 0
Find the value of sin2 41º + sin2 49º
tan 2A = cot Â + 60ºh
33.
We have
Sol :
cot ^90c - 2Ah = cot Â + 60ºh
[Board Term-1 2012]
We have
90c - 2A = A + 60º
sin2 41 + sin2 49 = sin2 (90º - 49º) + sin2 49º
3A = 30º & A = 10º
= cos2 49 + sin2 49º
2
Prove that 1 + cot a = cosec a
28.
1 + cosec a =1
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] 3
34. Prove that : sin A3 - 2 sin A = tan A .
2
cot a 2 2 cos A - cos A
1+ = 1 + cosec a - 1 Sol :
1 + cosse a 1 + cosse a [Board 2018]
(1 + cosec a) (cosec a - 1) sin A - 2 sin A = sin A (1 - 2 sin A)

3 2
= 1+
1 + cosec a 2 cos3 A - cos A cos A (2 cos2 A - 1)
= 1 + cosec a - 1 sin A (1 - 2 sin2 A)
=
= cosec a Hence Proved cos A (2 cos2 A - 1)
[1 - 2 (1 - cos2 A)]
= tan A
29. If tan ^3x + 30ºh = 1 then find the value of x. (2 cos2 A - 1)
Sol : [1 - 2 + 2 cos2 A)]
[Board Term-1 2015] = tan A
(2 cos2 A - 1)
We have tan ^3x + 30ºh = 1 = tan 45º
(2 cos2 A - 1)
3x + 30º = 45º = tan A
(2 cos2 A - 1)
x = 5º = tan A Hence Proved
30. What happens to value of cos q when q increases from 35. Show that tan 4 q + tan2 q = sec 4 q - sec2 q
0º to 90º.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] 4 2 2 2
tan q + tan q = tan q (1 + tan q)
cos q decreases from 1 to q .
= tan2 q # sec2 q
31. If A and B are acute angles and sin A = cos B, = (sec2 q - 1) sec2 q
then find the value of A + B .
= sec 4 q - sec2 q Hence Proved
We have sin A = cos B 36. If 2 sin q = 1, find the value of sec2 q - cosec2 q.
sin A = sin ^90º - B h Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
A = 90º - B We have 2 sin q = 1
A + B = 90º sin q = 1 = sin 45º

2
Thus q = 45º
32. If k + 1 = sec2 q ^1 + sin qh^1 - sin qh, then find the
value of k. Now sec2 q - cosec2 q = sec2 45º - cosec2 45º
= ^ 2h -^ 2h = 0
2 2
We have k + 1 = sec2 q ^1 + sin qh (1 - sin q)

Prove that 1 - sin q = sec q - tan q .
= sec2 q ^1 - sin2 qh
37.
1 + sin q
= sec2 q. cos2 q
1 - sin q = (1 - sin q) (1 - sin q)
= sec2 q # 1 LHS =
1 + sin q (1 + sin q) (1 - sin q)
sec2 q
(1 - sin q) 2 (1 - sin q) 2 = 2 sec2 q = RHS Hence Proved

= 2 =
1 - sin q cos2 q
42. If 5 tan q = 3 ,then what is the value of
= 1 - sin q = 1 - sin q 5 sin q - 3 cos q
cos q cos q cos q b 4 sin q + 3 cos q l ?
= sec q - tan q = RHS Hence Proved
5 tan q = 3 & tan q = 3

2
38. Prove that : 1 - tan2 q = cos2 q - sin2 q We have
5
1 + tan q
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic] Dividing numerator and denominator by
2
1 - tan q = 1 - tan q 2 cos q we have
1 + tan2 q sec2 q sin q
5 sin q - 3 cos q = 5 cos q - 3 = 5 tan q - 3
2
4 sin q + 3 cos q sin q 4 tan q + 3
= 12 - tan2 q 4 cos q +3
sec q sec q 5 # 35 - 3 3-3 = 0
2 = = 12
= cos2 q - sin 2q # cos2 q 4 # 35 + 3 5 +3
cos q
PRACTICE
= cos q - sin2 q
2
Hence Proved
 If 4 tan q = 3 , then find c 4 sin q - cos q m .
2 2 4 sin q + cos q
39. Prove that tan q2 + cot q2 = 1. [Board Term-1 2013]
1 + tan q 1 + cot q 1
Ans : 2
LHS = tan2 q + cot2 q

1 + tan2 q 1 + cot2 q  If 4 tan q = 3 , evaluate b 4 sin q - cos q + 1 l
2 2 4 sin q + cos q - 1
= tan2 q + cot q2 [Board 2018]
sec q cosec q Ans : 13
11
sin2 q cos2 q
= cos2 q
1 + sin2 q
1
cos2 q sin2 q
= sin q + cos2 q = 1 = RHS
2  If 4 cos q = 11 sin q, find the value of
11 cos q - 7 sin q .
11 cos q + 7 sin q
40. Prove that : 1 + 1 = 2 sec2 q [Board Term-1 2012]
1 + sin q 1 - sin q 93
Ans : 149
LHS = 1 + 1
1 + sin q 1 - sin q
(1 - sin q) + (1 + sin q) 43. Evaluate :
=
(1 + sin q) (1 - sin q) 3 tan2 30º + tan2 60º + cosec 30º - tan 45º
2 cot2 45º
= = 2 sec2 q = RHS
1 - sin2 q Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
2 2
cosec q + cosec q = 2 sec2 q . 3 tan 30º + tan 60º + cosec 30º - tan 45º
41. Prove that cot2 45º
cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1
3× _ 13 i2 + ^ 3 h + 2 - 1
2
=
LHS = cosec q + cosec q ^1 h2
cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1
3× 13 + 3 + 2 - 1
= cosec q : 1 1 =
cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1D
+ 1
= 1+3+2-1 = 5
= cosec q ; cosec q + 1 + cosec q - 1 E
(cosec q - 1) (cosec q + 1)
q 44. If sin Â + B h = 1 and sin Â - B h = 12 ,
= cosec q c 2 cosec
cosec2 q - 1 m 0 # A + B < 90º and A > B, then find A and B.
2
= 2 cosec q = 2 cosec2 q Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
2
cosec q - 1 cot2 q We have sin Â + B h = 1 = sin 90º
1
2# q
= cos sin = 22
2
A + B = 90º ...(1)
cos q
2
q
sin q 2
and sin Â - B h = 1 = sin 30º A = 90º = 45º

2 2
A - B = 30º ...(2) Substituting this value of A in equation (1), we get
Solving eq. (1) and (2), we obtain B = 60º - A = 60º - 45º = 15º
A = 60º and B = 30º Hence, A = 45º and B = 15º
45. Find cosec 30º and cos 60º geometrically. 48. If cos Â - B h = 23 and sin Â + B h = 23 , find A and
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] B , where Â + B h and Â - B h are acute angles.
Let a triangle ABC with each side equal to 2a as Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
shown below.
We have cos Â - B h = 3 = cos 30º
2
A - B = 30º ...(1)
Also sin Â + B h = 3 = sin 60º

2
A + B = 60º ...(2)
Adding equations (1) and (2), we obtain,
2A = 90º
In 3 ABC , +A = +B = +C = 60º A = 45º
Now we draw AD perpendicular to BC , then Substituting this value of A in equation (1),
TBDA b TCDA we get B = 15º
BD = CD 49. Find the value of cos 2q , if 2 sin 2q = 3.

+BAD = CAD = 30º by CPCT Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
AD = 3a We have 2 sin 2q = 3
In TBDA, cosec 30º = AB = 2a = 2 sin 2q = 3 = sin 60º

BD a 2
and cos 60º = BD = a =1 2q = 60º
AB 2a 2
Hence, cos 2q = cos 60º = 1 .
46. Evaluate : sin 90º + 1 2
cos 45º cosec 30º
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013] 50. Find the value of sin 30º cos 60º + cos 30º sin 60º is it
equal to sin 90º or cos 90º ?
We have
sin 90º + 1 Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
= 11 + 1
cos 45º cosec 30º 2
2 sin 30º cos 60º + cos 30º sin 60º = 1 # 1 + 3 # 3
2 2 2 2
= 2 +1 = 2 2 +1 1 3 4
2 2 = + = =1
4 4 4
47. If tan Â + B h = 3 , tan Â - B h = 1
3
It is equal to sin 90º = 1 but not equal to
0c < A + B # 90c, then find A and B. cos 90º as cos 90º = 0 .
51. If 3 sin q - cos q = 0 and 0º < q < 90º, find the value
We have tan Â + B h = 3 = tan 60º
of q.
A + B = 60º ...(1)
Sol : [Boar Term-1, 2012]
Also tan Â - B h = 1 = tan 30º We have

3
A - B = 30º ...(2) 3 sin q - cos q = 0 and 0º < q < 90º
Adding equations (1) and (2), we obtain, 3 sin q = cos q

2A = 90º sin q = 1
cos q 3
terms of sin A.
tan q = 1 = tan 30º sin q
;tan q = cos q E
q = 30º We have sec A = 1 = 1

cos A 1 - sin2 A
52. Evaluate : cos 45º + 1 and tan A = sin A = sin A
sec 30º sec 60º cos A 1 - sin2 A
^sin q + cos qh
4 4
1
cos 45º + 1 Prove that : =1
+1
56.
We have = 2
1 - 2 sin q cos2 q
2
sec 30º sec 60º 2 2
3
= 1 3 1
# 2 +2
^sin q + cos qh ^sin qh + ^cos qh
4 4 2 2 2 2
2
=
1 - 2 sin2 q cos2 q 1 - 2 sin2 q cos2 q
= 6 +1 = 6 +2
4 2 4
^sin q + cos qh - 2 sin q cos q
2 2 2 2 2
=
53. If sin f = 1 , show that 3 cos f - 4 cos3 f = 0 . 1 - 2 sin2 q cos2 q
2 2 2
Sol : [Board 2010] = 1 - 2 sin 2q cos2 q = 1
1 - 2 sin cos q
We have sin f = 1 57. Prove that : sec 4 q - sec2 q = tan 4 q + tan2 q
2
f = 30º Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
Now substituting this value of q in LHS we have We have

3 3
3 cos f - 4 cos f = 3 cos 30º - 4 cos 30º sec 4 q - sec2 q = sec2 q ^sec2 q - 1h
3 -4 3
3 = sec2 q ^tan2 qh
= 3c
2 m c 2 m
= ^1 + tan2 qh tan2 q
=3 3 -3 3 = tan2 q + tan 4 q
2 2
=0 Hence Proved Hence Proved.
54. In the given figure, AOB is a diameter of a circle with 58. If sin A = 3 , find the value of 2 cot2 A - 1.
centre O, find tan A tan B. 2
2 2
Using cot q = - 1 + cosec q we have
2 cot2 A - 1 = 2 ^cosec2 A - 1h - 1
= 2 -3
sin2 A
= 23 2 - 3
_ 2 i
= 8 - 3 = -1
3 3
Thus 2 cot2 A - 1 = - 1
3
59. Find the value of q , if,
In TABC, +C is a angle in a semi-circle, thus cos q + cos q = 4; q # 90º
1 - sin q 1 + sin q
+C = 90º
tan A = BC = 2 cos q + cos q = 4
AC 3 We have
1 - sin q 1 + sin q
and tan B = AC = 3 cos q ^1 + sin qh + cos q ^1 - sin qh
BC 2
=4
^1 - sin qh^1 + sin qh
tan A tan B = 2 # 3 = 1
3 2 cos q 61 + sin q + 1 - sin q@
=4
55. Express the trigonometric ratio of sec A and tan A in 1 - sin2 q
cos q ^2 h = 1 + 2 sin q cos q

=4
cos2 q
= 1+ 3 = 7
1 =2 4 4
cos q 7 = 7
Thus sin q + cos q =
cos q = 1 4 2
2
63. If q be an acute angle and 5 cosec q = 7 , then evaluate
cos q = cos 60º sin q + cos2 q - 1.
Thus q = 60º . Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
sin A sin ^90º - Ah We have 5 cosec q = 7

60. Prove that : - 1 + = - sin2 A
cot ^90º - Ah cosec q = 7
5
sin A sin ^90º - Ah sin q = 5

-1 + = - sin2 A 7
cot ^90º - Ah
sin q + cos2 q - 1 = sin q - ^1 - cos2 qh
sin A sin ^90º - Ah
= 1 - sin2 A
cot ^90º - Ah = sin q - sin2 q [sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1]
sin A cos A
= 5 - b 5 l = 35 - 25 = 10
2
= cos2 A
tan A 7 7 49 49
sin A cos A = cos2 A
sin A
cos A
64. The value of sin2 65c + sin2 25c is .......... .
cos A sin A cos A = cos2 A
sin A
2 2 2 2
cos2 A = cos2 A Hence Proved. sin 65c + sin 25c = sin 65c + sin 25c
= sin2 65c + sin2 (90c - 65c)
61. Prove that : 1 - cos A = cosec A - cot A
1 + cos A = sin2 65c + cos2 65c
=1
1 - cos A = 1 - cos A 1 - cos A
1 + cos A 1 + cos A # 1 - cos A PRACTICE
^1 - cos Ah
2
=  Find the value of (sin2 33c + sin2 57c)
^1 - cos Ah
2
^1 - cos Ah
2
Ans : 1
=
sin2 A
= 1 - cos A = 1 - cos A  What is the value of (cos2 67c - sin2 23c)?
sin A sin A sin A
[Board 2018]
= cosec A - cot A Hence Proved.
Ans : 0
62. If sin q - cos q = 1 , then find the value of sin q + cos q .
2
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]  Find the value of sin2 41º + sin2 49º
1 [Board Term-1 2012]
We have sin q - cos q =
2 Ans : 1
Squaring both sides, we get
1 2
^sin q - cos qh = b 2 l
2
65. The value of the (tan2 60c + sin2 45c) is ........ .
sin2 q + cos2 q - 2 sin q cos q = 1 Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
4
tan2 60c + sin2 45c = ( 3 ) 2 + c 1 m
2
1 - 2 sin q cos q = 1
4 2
1 7
2 sin q cos q = 1 - = 3
1 = 3+ =
2 2
4 4
Again, ^sin q + cos qh2 = sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q
66. The value of sin q + cos 43c is .......... .

cos (90c - q) sin 47c = 1 + 1 = 2.
69. The value of (tan 1c tan 2c..... tan 89c) is equal to
sin q sin q cos (90c - 47c) .................. .
+ cos 43c = +
cos (90c - q) sin 47c cos (90c - q) sin 47c
= sin q + sin 47c
sin q sin 47c tan 1c tan 2c tan 3c......... tan 89c
= 1+1 = 2 = (tan 1c tan 89c) (tan 2c tan 88c) (tan 3c tan 87c)..
(tan 45c tan 45c)
PRACTICE
= [tan 1c tan (90c - 1)] [tan 2c tan (90c - 2)]
 Find the value of sin 25º + tan 23º [tan 3c tan (90c - 3)] ......... [tan 45c tan (90c - 45c)]
cos 65º cot 67º
[Board Term-1 2016] = (tan 1c cot 1c) (tan 2c cot 2c) ........ (tan 45c cot 45c)
Ans : 2 = 1 # 1 # 1.......1 # 1 = 1
70.
cos 80c + cos 59c cosec 31c = ................... .
67. The value of (sin 43c cos 47c + sin 47c cos 43c) is sin 10c
.......... . Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]

cos 80c + cos 59c cosec 31c
sin 10c
sin 43c cos 47c + sin 47c cos 43c
= sin 43c cos (cos 90c - 43c) + sin (90c - 43c) cos 43c cos (90c - 10c)
= + cos (90c - 31c) # 1
= sin 43c # sin 43c + cos 43c # cos 43c sin 10c sin 31c
= sin 10 c + sin 31c # 1 = 1+1 = 2
= sin2 43c + cos2 43c = 1 sin 10c sin 31c
sin 35c 2 cos 43c

71. b cos 55c l + b sin 47c l - 2 cos 60c = .................... .
PRACTICE
 The value of (sin 20c cos 70c + sin 70c cos 20c) is
.......... sin 35c 2 cos 43c
b cos 55c l + b sin 47c l - 2 cos 60c
Ans : 1
sin (90c - 55c) 2 cos (90c - 47c)
=; E +; E - 2 cos 60c
cos 55c sin 47c
 The value of sin 32c cos 58c + cos 32c sin 58c is 2 2
................... . = b cos 55c l + b sin 47c l - 2 cos 60c
cos 55c sin 47c
Ans : 1 = (1) 2 + (1) 2 - 2 # 1
2
= 1+1-1 = 1
 The value of sin 23c cos 67c + cos 23c sin 67c is
72. Find the value of (cos 48c - sin 42c).
......... .
[Board 2020 OD Standard] Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Ans : 1 cos 48c - sin 42c = cos 48c - sin (90c - 42c)
= cos 48c - cos 48c = 0
68. The value of tan 35c + cot 78c is ................. . 73. Evaluate : (tan 23c) # (tan 67c)
cot 55c tan 12c
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
tan 35c + cot 78c = tan (90c - 55c) + cot (90c - 12c) tan 23c # tan 67c = tan 23c # tan (90c - 23c)
cot 55c tan 12c cot 55c tan 12c
= tan 23c # cot 23c
= cot 55 c + tan 12 c
cot 55c tan 12c
= tan 23c # 1 =1 1
= tan 80º cot 30º
tan 23c tan 80º
= cot 30º = 3
74. Evaluate sin2 60c - 2 tan 45c - cos2 30c
Sol :
[Board 2019 OD] TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
2 2
sin2 60c - 2 tan 45c - cos2 30c = c 3 - 2 (1) - 3
2 m c 2 m
80. If tan 2A = cot (A - 18c), where 2A is an acute angle,
= 3 - 2 - 3 =- 2 find the value of A.
4 4
Sol :
If tan ^3x + 30ºh = 1 then find the value of x.
[Board 2018]
75.
We have tan 2A = cot (A - 18c)
cot (90c - 2A) = cot (A - 18c)
We have tan ^3x + 30ºh = 1 = tan 45º
3x + 30º = 45º Thus 90c - 2A = A - 18c
x = 5º 3A = 90c + 18c = 108c

A = 36c
76. What happens to value of cos q when q increases from
0º to 90º. PRACTICE
 If cos 2A = sin Â - 15ch, find A.
cos q decreases from 1 to q . [Board Term-1 2015]
Ans : 35º
77. Find the value of tan2 10º - cot2 80º .
2 cos 67c - tan 40c - cos 0c = ................. .
We have 81.
sin 23c cot 50c
tan2 10º - cot2 80º = tan2 ^90º - 80ºh - cot2 80º Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
2
= cot 80º - cot 80º2 2 cos 67c - tan 40c - cos 0c
sin 23c cot 50c
=0 2 cos (90c - 23c) tan (90c - 50c)
= - -1
sin 23c cot 50c
78. If A and B are acute angles and sin A = cos B,
then find the value of A + B . = 2 sin 23c - cot 50c - 1
sin 23c cot 50c
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] = 2-1-1 = 0
We have sin A = cos B
82. Evaluate :
sin A = sin ^90º - B h cos2 (45c + q) + cos2 (45c - q)
A = 90º - B tan (60c + q) # tan (30c - q)
+ (cot 30c + sin 90c) # (tan 60c - sec 0c)
A + B = 90º Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
PRACTICE cos2 (45c + q) + cos2 (45c - q)

X =
tan (60c + q) # tan (30c - q)
 If A and B are acute angles and cosec A = sec B,
then find the value of A + B . sin2 [90c - (45c + q)] + cos2 (45c - q)
=
[Board Term-1 2013]
cot [90c - (60c + q)] tan (30c - q)
Ans : 90º sin2 (45c - q) + cos2 (45c - q)
=
cot (30c - q) tan (30c - q)
1
= =1
1
79. Find the value of cot 10º cot 30º cot 80º .
Y = (cot 30c + sin 90c) # (tan 60c - sec 0c)
= ( 3 + 1 ) # ( 3 - 1)
cot 10º cot 30º cot 80º = cot ^90º - 80ºh cot 30º cot 80º
= (3 - 1) = 2 = 6 cos 67º + cosec 11º + 3 cot 42º

cosec 11º + 3 cot 42º + 6 cos 67º
Given expression is
=1
X+Y = 1+2 = 3
88. If 3 sin q - cos q = 0 and 0º < q < 90º, find
83. Evaluate : the value of q.
3 tan2 30º + tan2 60º + cosec 30º - tan 45º Sol : [Boar Term-1, 2012]
cot2 45º
We have
3 tan2 30º + tan2 60º + cosec 30º - tan 45º 3 sin q - cos q = 0 and 0º < q < 90º
cot2 45º 3 sin q = cos q
3× _ 13 i2 + ^ 3 h + 2 - 1
2
= sin q = 1
^1 h2 cos q 3
3× 3 + 3 + 2 - 1
1
1 sin q
= tan q = = tan 30º ;tan q = cos q E
1 3
= 1+3+2-1 = 5 q = 30º
84. Evaluate : cosec 13º - cot 20º 89. Evaluate : cos 45º + 1
sec 77º tan 70º sec 30º sec 60º
cosec 13º - cot 20º = cosec ^90º - 77ºh - cot ^90º - 70ºh
1
We have cos 45º + 1 = +1 2
sec 77º tan 70º sec 77º tan 70º sec 30º sec 60º 2 2
3
= sec 77º - tan 70º = 1 # 3 +1

sec 77° tan 70º 2 2 2
= 1-1 = 0 = 6 +1 = 6 +2
4 2 4
85. Find the value of cos 2q , if 2 sin 2q = 3. sin A sin ^90º - Ah
90. Prove that : - 1 + = - sin2 A
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] cot ^90º - Ah
We have 2 sin 2q = 3 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
sin A sin ^90º - Ah

sin 2q = 3 = sin 60º -1 + = - sin2 A
2 cot ^90º - Ah
2q = 60º sin A sin ^90º - Ah
= 1 - sin2 A
cot ^90º - Ah
Hence, cos 2q = cos 60º = 1 . sin A cos A
2 = cos2 A
tan A
86. Find the value of sin 30º cos 60º + cos 30º sin 60º is it sin A cos A
sin A = cos2 A
equal to sin 90º or cos 90º ? cos A
cos A sin A cos A = cos2 A
sin A
sin 30º cos 60º + cos 30º sin 60º = 1 # 1 + 3 # 3 cos2 A = cos2 A Hence Proved.
2 2 2 2
1 3
= + = =1 4
4 4
It is equal to sin 90º = 1 but not equal to
4
cos 90º as cos 90º = 0 .
cos2 (45c + q) + cos2 (45c - q)
Show that : =1
Evaluate : 6 sin 23º + sec 79º + 3 tan 48º
91.
87. tan (60c + q) tan (30c - q)
cosec 11º + 3 cot 42º + 6 cos 67º
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
2 2
6 sin 23º + sec 79º + 3 tan 48º cos (45c + q) + cos (45c - q)
cosec 11º + 3 cot 42º + 6 cos 67º LHS =
tan (60c + q) tan (30c - q)
6 cos ^90º - 23ºh + cosec ^90º - 79ºh + 3 cot (90º - 48º)
= cos2 (45c + q) + sin2 (90c - 45c + q)
cosec 11º + 3 cot 42º + 6 cos 67º =
tan (60c + q) cot (90c - 30c + q)
cos2 (45c + q) + sin2 (45c + q) sin q (cos q + 1 - sin q)

= =
tan (60c + q) cot (60c + q) sin q (cos q - 1 + sin q)
2
= 1 = 1 = RHS = sin q cos q + sin q - sin q
1 sin q (cos q + sin q - 1)
92. The rod of TV disc antenna is fixed at right angles sin q cos q + sin q - (1 - cos2 q)
=
to wall AB and a rod CD is supporting the disc as sin q (cos q + sin q - 1)
shown in Figure. If AC = 1.5 m long and CD = 3 m , sin q (cos q + 1) - (1 - cos2 q)
=
find (i) tan q (ii) sec q + cosec q . sin q (cos q + sin q - 1)
(1 + cos q) (sin q - 1 + cos q)
=
sin q (cos q + sin q - 1)
= 1 + cos q = RHS
sin q
94. If sin q + cos q = 2 prove that tan q + cot q = 2

Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard, SQP 2018]
We have sin q + cos q = 2

Squaring both the sides, we get
(sin q + cos q) 2 = ( 2 ) 2
sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q = 2
1 + 2 sin q cos q = 2
2 sin q cos q = 1
From the given information we draw the figure as
below sin q cos q = 1 ...(1)
2
Now tan q + cot q = sin q + cos q
cos q sin q
2 2
= sin q + cos q
cos q sin q
= 1 = 11 = 2 = RHS
sin q cos q 2
PRACTICE
In right angle triangle TCAD , applying Pythagoras  If sin q + cos q = 3, then prove that
theorem, tan q + cot q = 1.
AD2 + AC2 = DC2 [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Ans : Proof
AD2 + (1.5) 2 = (3) 2
AD2 = 9 - 2.25 = 6.75
AD = 6.75 = 2.6 m (Approx) 95. If 1 + sin2 q = 3 sin q cos q , prove that tan q = 1 or ½.
(i) tan q = AC = 1.5 = 15 Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]

AD 2.6 26 2
We have, 1 + sin q = 3 sin q cos q
(ii) sec q + cosec q = CD + CD = 3 + 3 = 41 2
Dividing by sin q on both sides, we get
AD AC 2.6 1.5 13
1 + sin2 q = 3 sin q cos q
93. Prove that : cot q + cosec q - 1 = 1 + cot q sin2 q sin2 q sin2 q
cot q - cosec q + 1 sin q
1 + 1 = 3 cot q
sin2 q
LHS = cot q + cosec q - 1 cosec2 q + 1 = 3 cot q
cot q - cosec q + 1
cos q 1 + cot2 q + 1 = 3 cot q
+ sin1 q - 1
= sin q
cos q cot2 q - 3 cot q + 2 = 0
sin q - sin1 q + 1
cot2 q - 2 cot q - cot q + 2 = 0 ^sin A - cos A + 1h^1 + sin Ah

=
cot q (cot q - 2) - 1 (cot q - 2) = 0 cos A ^1 - cos A + sin Ah
= 1 + sin A = 1 + sin A
(cot q - 2) (cot q - 1) = 0 cos A cos A cos A
cot q = 1 or 2 = sec A + tan A
tan q = 1 or ½. ^sec A + tan Ah
= # ^sec A - tan Ah
96. Prove that ^sec A - tan Ah
^sin q + cosec qh2 + ^cos q + sec qh2 = 7 + tan2 q + cot2 q
2 2
= sec A - tan A
sec A - tan A
1
= = RHS
LHS = ^sin q + cosec qh + ^cos q + sec qh2
2 sec A - tan A
= ^sin2 q + cosec2 q + 2 sin q cosec qh + 99. Prove that : 2 (sin6 q + cos6 q) - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1 = 0
+ ^cos2 q + sec2 q + 2 cos q sec qh Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
= ^sin2 q + cos2 qh + ^cosec2 q + sec2 qh LHS = 2 (sin q + cos q) - 3 (sin q + cos 4 q) + 1

6 6 4
= 2 [(sin2 q) 3 + (cos2 q) 3] - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1

+ 2 sin q # 1 + 2 cos q # 1
sin q cos q = 2 [(sin2 q + cos2 q) (sin 4 q - sin2 q cos2 q + cos 4 q] +
= 1 + ^1 + cot2 qh + ^1 + tan2 qh + 2 + 2
- 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1
2 2
= 7 + tan q + cot q
= 2 (sin 4 q - sin2 q cos2 q + cos 4 q) - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1
= RHS
= 2 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q - sin2 q cos2 q) - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1
97. Prove that ^1 + cot A - cosec Ah^1 + tan A + sec Ah = 2 = - sin 4 q - cos 4 q - 2 sin2 q cos2 q + 1
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi] = - (sin 4 q + cos 4 q + 2 sin2 q cos2 q) + 1
LHS = ^1 + cot A - cosec Ah^1 + tan A + sec Ah = - (sin2 q + cos2 q) 2 + 1
= b1 + cos A - 1 l b1 + sin A + 1 l = - 1 + 1 = 0 = RHS
sin A sin A cos A cos A
= b sin A + cos A - 1 lb cos A + sin A + 1 l 100. Prove that tan2 A + cosec2 A = 1
sin A cos A tan A - 1 sec A - cosec2 A 1 - 2 cos2 A
2 2
^sin A + cos A - 1h^cos A + sin A + 1h Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]

=
sin A cos A 2 2
tan A + cosec A
^sin A + cos Ah2 - ^1 h2 LHS =
tan2 A - 1 sec2 A - cosec2 A
=
sin A cos A sin2 A 1
2 2 = cos2 A
+ sin2 A
= sin A + cos A + 2 sin A cos A - 1 - sin1 A

2 1
sin A
cos2 A
-1 cos2 A 2
sin A cos A sin2 A 1
= 1 + 2 sin A cos A-1 = cos2 A

sin2 A - cos2 A
+ sin2 A
sin2 A - cos2 A
sin A cos A cos2 A cos2 A sin2 A
2
= 2 = RHS = sin A + cos2 A
sin A - cos A sin A - cos2 A
2 2 2
98. Prove that sin A - cos A - 1 = 1

= 1
sin A + cos A - 1 sec A - tan A 1 - cos2 A - cos2 A
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi] 1
=
1 - 2 cos2 A
LHS = sin A - cos A + 1
sin A + cos A - 1 = RHS
= sin A - cos A + 1 # 1 + sin A
sin A + cos A - 1 1 + sin A 101. If in a triangle ABC right angled at B, AB = 6
]sin A - cos A + 1g^1 + sin Ah units and BC = 8 units, then find the value of
= sin A cos C + cos A sin C .
sin A + cos A - 1 + sin2 A + cos A sin A - sin A
^sin A - cos A + 1h^1 + sin Ah Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
=
- 1 + cos A + ^1 - cos2 Ah + sin A cos A As per question statement figure is shown below.
We have AC2 = 82 + 62 = 100

AC = 10 cm
Using Pythagoras theorem we have
Now sin A = BC = 8 ; PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
AC 10
cos A = AB = 6 PQ2 + 92 = ^PQ + 1h2
AC 10
PQ2 + 81 = ^PQ + 1h2
and sin C = AB = 6 ;
AC 10
PQ2 + 81 = PQ2 + 1 + 2PQ
cos C = BC = 8 PQ = 40
AC 10
Thus sin A cos C + cos A sin C = 8 # 8 + 6 # 6 Since PR - PQ = 1, thus,
10 10 10 10
PR = 1 + 40 = 41
= 64 + 36
100 100
sin R + cos R = 40 + 9 = 49
41 41 41
= 100 = 1
100
2 Verify : 1 - cos q = sin q , for q = 60º
102. Evaluate : 5 cos 60º + 4 cos2 30º - tan2 45º 105.
1 + cos q 1 + cos q
sin 30º + cos2 60º
2
1 - cos q = 1 - cos 60º
LHS =
5 cos2 60º + 4 cos2 30º - tan2 45º 1 + cos q 1 + cos 60º
sin2 30º + cos2 60º 1 - 12 1
1 1
= 1 = 3 = bcos 60º = 2 l
2
5 ^ h + 4 _ i - ^1 h
1 2
2 2
3 2 2
1+ 2 2 3
=
^2h +^2h sin q sin 60 º
1 2 1 2
RHS = =
1 + cos q 1 + cos 60º
5
+3-1
= 4 1 1 3 3
4 + 4 = 2
= 2
= 1
5
+2 13 1+ 1 3
3
= 4 1 = 14 = 13
2 2
2 2
2 RHS = LHS
103. If cos ^40º + x h = sin 30º, find the value of x . Hence, relation is verified for q = 60º.
106. If tan A + cot A = 2, then find the value of
We have tan2 A + cot2 A.
cos ^40º - x h = sin 30º Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
cos ^40º + x h = sin ^90º - 60ºh We have tan A + cot A = 2

cos ^40º + x h = cos 60º Squaring both sides, we have
40º + x = 60º ^tan A + cot Ah = ^2h2
2
x = 60º - 40º = 20º tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 tan A cot A = 4

Thus x = 20º . tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 tan A # 1 =4
tan A
104. In the given +PQR, right-angled at Q, QR = 9 cm tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 = 4
and PR - PQ = 1 cm. Determine the value of
sin R + cos R. tan2 A + cot2 A = 4 - 2
tan2 A + cot2 A = 2
107. If cos q + sin q = 2 cos q, show that Let AB = x , then we have

cos q - sin q = 2 cos q. AC = x + 1
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] Now AC2 = AB2 + BC2
We have cos q + sin q = 2 cos q
^x + 1h2 = x + 5
2 2
We have sin q = 2 cos q - cos q x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + 25

= ^ 2 - 1h cos q 2x = 24
^ 2 - 1h^ 2 + 1h
= cos q x = 24 = 12 cm
^ 2 + 1h 2
Thus sin q = 1 cos q Hence, AB = 12 cm and AC = 13 cm
2 +1
^ 2 + 1h sin q = cos q Now sin C = AB = 12
AC 13
2 sin q + sin q = cos q cos C = BC = 5
AC 13
cos q - sin q = 2 sin q Hence proved.
1 + sin C = 1 + 13 =
12 25
Now 13
= 25
1 + cos C 1 + 135 18 18
Prove that : cos A + sin A = sin A + cos A.
13
108.
1 - tan A 1 - cot A cos A - sin A = cos A - sin A
110. Prove that :
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013, 2011] 1 + tan A 1 + cot A
LHS = cos A + sin A Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
1 - tan A 1 - cot A cos A - sin A
= cossin A + sin A 1 + tan A 1 + cot A
1 - ^ cosAA h 1 - ^ cos
sin A h
A
2 = cos A - sin A
= cos A + sin2 A 1 + sin A 1 + cos A
cos A - sin A sin A - cos A cos A sin A
= cos2 A - sin2 A cos2 A sin2 A

cos A - sin A cos A - sin A = -
cos A + sin A sin A + cos A
2 2
= cos A - sin A
2 2
cos A - sin A = cos A - sin A
^sin A + cos Ah
^cos A - sin Ah^cos A + sin Ah ^cos A + sin Ah^cos A - sin Ah
=
^cos A - sin Ah =
sin A + cos A
= cos A + sin A = cos A - sin A Hence Proved.
= sin A + cos A
111. If b cos q = a, then prove that
= RHS Hence proved. b+a .
cosec q + cot q =
b-a
109. In TABC, +B = 90º, BC = 5 cm, AC - AB = 1,
b cos q = a
Evaluate : 1 + sin C .
We have
1 + cos C
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] or, cos q = a
b
As per question we have drawn the figure given below. Now consider the triangle shown below.
AC2 = AB2 - BC2

We have AC - AB = 1
or, cos q = a
b
= b cos q - 1 l
2
AC = b2 - a2 sin q
^1 - cos qh
2
Now cosec q = b , cot q = a
= [[sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1]]
b - a2
2
b - a2
2
sin2 q
^1 - cos qh
2
cosec q + cot q = b+a = b+a
=
b2 - a2 b-a ^1 - cos qh
2
2 sin3 q = tan q ^1 - cos qh (1 - cos q)

Prove that : sin q - =
^1 - cos qh^1 + cos qh
112. 3
2 cos - cos q
Sol : [Bard Term-1 2015] = - cos q
1 Hence Proved.
1 + cos q
sin q - 2 sin3 q = sin q ^1 - 2 sin qh
2
Prove that :
cos q ^2 cos2 q - 1h
115.
2 cos3 - cos q
sin q ^sin2 q + cos2 q - 2 sin2 qh ^cosec q - sin qh^sec q - cos qh^tan q + cot qh = 1
=
cos q ^2 cos2 q - sin2 q - cos2 qh Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
tan q ^cos2 q - sin2 qh LHS = ^cosec q - sin qh^sec q - cos qh^tan q + cot qh
=
^cos q - sin qh
2 2
= b 1 - sin q lb 1 - cos q lb sin q + cos q l
= tan q sin q cos q cos q sin q
2 2 2 2
= c 1 - sin q mc 1 - cos q mc sin q + cos q m
113. When is an equation called ‘an identity’. Prove the sin q cos q sin q. cos q
trigonometric identity 1 + tan2 A = sec2 A . 2 2
= cos q # sin q # b 1
sin q cos q l
[sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1]
sin q cos q
Equations that are true no matter what value is = cos q sin q # 1 =1
sin q cos q
plugged in for the variable. On simplifying an identity
equation, one always get a true statement. Consider 116. Show that :
the triangle shown below. cosec2 q - tan2 ^90º - qh = sin2 q + sin ^90º - qh
cosec q - tan ^90º - qh

2 2
= cosec2 q - cot2 q
= 1 - cos2 q
sin2 q sin2 q
2
= 1 - cos q = sin2 q
2
sin q sin2 q
=1
Let tan q = P and sec q = H
B B = sin2 q + cos2 q
H2 = P2 + B2 = sin2 q + sin2 ^90º - qh
2
1 + tan2 q = 1 + b P l = 1 + P 2
2
Now Hence Proved
B B
2 2 2
= B +2 P = H2 117. Prove that : cosec2 q - cosec2 q = 2 sec2 q
B B cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1
H 2
= b l = sec2 q Hence Proved. Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
B
We have
Prove that : ^cot q - cosec qh = 1 - cos q
2 cosec2 q - cosec2 q = cosec2 q 1 1
; 1 -1- + 1E
114.
1 + cos q cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1 1
sin q sin q
Sol :
= cosec2 q : sin q - sin q D
[Board Term-1 2015]
1 - sin q 1 + sin q
cot q - cosec q = cos q - 1
sin q sin q ^1 + sin qh - ^1 - sin qh
= 12 sin q > H
cos q 1 2
^cot q - cosec qh = b sin q - sin q l
2 sin q ^1 - sin qh^1 + sin qh

= 1 ; 2 sin q2 E
sin q 1 - sin q
LHS = sin q - cos q + sin q + cos q
sin q + cos q sin q - cos q
= 22 = 2 sec2 q Hence Proved
cos q ^sin q - cos qh + ^sin q + cos qh
2 2
= 2 2
118. Prove that : sin q - cos q
^sin q + cos qh - 2 sin q cos q + ^sin q + cos qh + 2 sin q cos q
2 2 2 2
1 - 1 = 1 - 1 . =
cosec A - cot A sin A sin A cosec A + cot A sin q - ^1 - sin qh
2 2
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] = 1+1

sin2 q - 1 + sin2 q
1 - 1 = 1 - 1
cosec A - cot A sin A sin A cosec A + cot A = 2 = RHS
2 sin2 q - 1
1 + 1 = 1 + 1 Hence Proved.
cosec A - cot A cosec A + cot A sin A sin A
1 + 1 = 2 121. If x sin3 q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q and x sin q = y cos q,
cosec A - cot A cosec A + cot A sin A
prove that x2 + y2 = 1.
cosec A + cot A + cosec A - cot A = 2
^cosec A - cot Ah^cosec A + cot a h sin A Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
3 3
2 cosec A = 2 We have x sin q + y cos q = sin q cos q (1)
cosec2 A - cot2 A sin A
1
and x sin q = y cos q
2 sinA
= 2 y cos q
1 sin A or, x = (2)
sin q
2 = 2 Hence Proved. Eliminating x from equation (1) and (2) we obtain,
sin A sin A
y cos q 3
119. If sec q = x + 41x prove that sec q + tan q = 2x or, 1 sin q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q
2x sin q
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] y cos q sin2 q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q
We have sec q = x + 1 (1) y cos q [sin2 q + cos2 q] = sin q cos q
4x
y (sin2 q + cos2 q) = sin q
Squaring both side we have
y = sin q ...(3)
sec2 q = x2 + 2x 1 + 1 2
4x 16x Substituting this value of y in equation (2) we have,
1 + tan2 q = x2 + 1 + 1 2 x = cos q (4)
2 16x
Squaring and adding equation (3) and (4), we get
tan2 q = x2 + 1 + 1 2 - 1 = x2 - 1 + 1 2
2 16x 2 16x x2 + y2 = cos2 q + sin2 q = 1 Hence Proved.
= x2 - 2x 1 + 1 2
4x 16x 3 3 3 3
122. Prove that cos q + sin q + cos q - sin q = 2
cos q + sin q cos q - sin q
tan q = bx - 1 l
2
2
4x Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
3 3
Taking square root both sides we obtain X = cos q + sin q
cos q + sin q
tan q = ! bx - 1 l
4x ^cos q + sin qh^cos q + sin q - sin q cos qh
2 2
=
Now tan q = x - 1 (2) ^cos q + sin qh
4x
= ^1 - sin q cos qh
or tan q = - bx - 1 l = - x + 1 (3) 3 3
4x 4x Y = cos q - sin q
Adding (1) and (2) we have cos q - sin q
^cos q - sin qh^cos q + sin q + sin q cos qh
2 2
tan q + sec q = 2x =
^cos q - sin qh
Adding (1) and (3) we have
= ^1 + sin q cos qh
sec q + tan q = 1 + 1 = 1 Hence proved.
4x 4x 2x Now given expression
3 3 3 3
120. Prove that : sin q - cos q + sin q + cos q = 2 X + Y = cos q + sin q + cos q - sin q
sin q + cos q sin q - cos q 2 sin2 q - 1 cos q + sin q cos q - sin q
= ^1 - sin q cos qh + ^1 + sin q cos qh acute angles, find the value of q .

= 2 - sin q cos q + sin q cos q Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
= 2 = RHS Hence Proved. We have sin 3q = cos ^q - 6ºh

cos ^90º - 3qh = cos ^q - 6ºh
123. Express : sin A, tan A and cosec A in terms of sec A.
90º - 3q = q - 6º
4q = 90º + 6º = 96º
(1) sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
sin A = 1 - cos2 A Thus q = 96º = 24º
4
= 1- 1
PRACTICE
sec2 A
2
sec A - 1 = sec A - 1 2  If sin ^36c + qh = cos ^16c + qh , then find q , where
=
sec2 A sec A ^36c + qh and ^16c + qh are both acute angles.
tan A = sin A = sin A sec A
[Board Term-1 2012]
(2)
cos A Ans : 19º
2
= sec A - 1
sec A # sec A
= sec2 A - 1 127. Simplify :

1 = sec A sin q sec ^90º - qh tan q tan ^90º - qh
(3) cosec A = -
sin A sec2 A - 1 cosec ^90º - qh cos q cot ^90º - qh cot q
2
cos (45c + q) + cos (45c - q)2
We have sec ^90º - qh = cosec q,
124. Show that : =1
tan (60c + q) tan (30c - q) tan ^90º - qh = cot q,
Sol :
cot ^90º - qh = tan q,
cos2 (45c + q) + cos2 (45c - q)

LHS = cosec ^90º - qh = sec q
tan (60c + q) tan (30c - q)
cos2 (45c + q) + sin2 (90c - 45c + q) Hence,
=
tan (60c + q) cot (90c - 30c + q) sin q sec ^90º - qh tan q tan ^90º - qh
- .
2
cos (45c + q) + sin (45c + q) 2 cosec ^90º - qh cos q cot ^90º - qh cot q
=
tan (60c + q) cot (60c + q) = sin q cosec q tan q - cot q
sec q cos q tan q cot q
= 1 = 1 = RHS
1 sin q # sin1 q # tan q
= -1
cos q # cos q tan q
1
125. Express cos 71º - sin 57º + tan 63º in terms of
trigonometric ratios of angles between 0º and 45º. = 1-1 = 0
128. Evaluate :
cos 71º - sin 57º + tan 63º
sec 41º sin 49º + cos 29º cosec 61º - ^tan 20º tan 60º tan 70ºh
2
= cos ^90º - 19ºh - sin ^90º - 33ºh + tan ^90º - 27ºh

3
3 ^sin 31º + sin 59ºh
2 2
= sin 19º - cos 33º + cot 27º Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
PRACTICE
W = sec 41º sin 49º
 Express cos 68º + tan 76º in terms of the angles = sec ^90º - 49ºh sin 49º
between 0º and 45º. = cosec 49º sin 49º = 1
[Board Term-1 2012]
X = cos 29º cosec 61º
Ans : sin 22º + cot 14º
= cos 29º cosec ^90º - 29ºh
= cos 29º sec 29º = 1
126. If sin 3q = cos ^q - 6ºh, where 3q and q - 6º are both Y = 2
3 ^tan 20º tan 60º tan 70ºh
= 2
3
[tan 20º 3 tan ^90º - 20ºh] FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
= 2 6tan 20º cot 20º@ = 2
Z = 3 ^sin2 31º + sin2 59ºh 131. If sin q + cos q = 3 , then prove that tan q + cot q = 1.
= 3 8sin 31º + sin ^90º - 31ºhB
2 2
= 3 6sin2 31º + cos2 31º@ = 3 We have sin q + cos q = 3

Squaring both the sides, we get
Now given expression,
(sin q + cos q) 2 = ( 3 ) 2
W+X-Y = 1+1-2 = 2-2 = 0
Z 3 3 sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q = 3
129. Evaluate : 1 + 2 sin q cos q = 3

cos2 (45º + q) + cos2 (45º - q) 2 sin q cos q = 3 - 1 = 2
+ cosec (75º + q) - sec ^15º - qh
tan ^60º + qh tan ^30º - qh sin q cos q = 1 ...(1)
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] sin q cos q
Now tan q + cot q = +
cos2 ^45º + qh + cos2 ^45º - qh cos q sin q
2 2
tan ^60º + qh tan ^30º - qh = sin q + cos q
sin q cos q
+ cosec (75º + q) - sec ^15º - qh
or tan q + cot q = 1
cos2 ^45º + qh + sin2 ^45º + qh sin q cos q
=
tan ^60º + qh cot ^60º + qh Substituting the value of sin q cos q from equation (1)
+ cosec ^75º + qh - cosec ^90º - 15º + qh we have
cos ^45º + qh + sin2 ^45º + qh

2 tan q + cot q = 1 = 1
= + 1
tan ^60º + qh cot ^60º + qh Hence, tan q + cot q = 1
+ cosec ^75º + qh - cosec ^75º + qh
=1=1 132. If sec q = x + 1 , x ! 0 find ^sec q + tan qh .
1 4x
130. Evaluate : 1
We have sec q = x + ...(1)
cosec2 63º + tan2 24º + sin2 63º + cos 63º sin 27º + sin 27º sec 63º 4x
cos2 66º + sec2 27º 2 ^cosec2 65º - tan2 25ºh Since, tan2 q = sec2 q - 1
Sol : [Board SQP 2018] Substituting value of sec q we have
2
X = cosec2 63º + tan 24º 2
tan2 q = c x + 1 m - 1
cos 66º + sec2 27º 4x
cosec2 63º + tan2 24º
=
cot ^90º - 24ºh + sec2 ^90º - 63ºh
2 = x2 + 2x + 1 2 - 1 = x2 + 1 2 - 1
4x 16x 16x 2
2
= cosec 63º + tan2 24º = 1 2
tan 24º + cosec2 63º

2 = cx - 1 m
4x
tan q = ! e x - 1 o
2
4x
Y = sin 63º + cos 63º2 sin 27º + sin 27º sec 63º
2 ^cosec 65º - tan2 25ºh
When sec q = x + 1 and tan q = x - 1 we have
sin2 63º + cos 63º sin ^90º - 63ºh + sin 27º sec ^90º - 27ºh 4x 4x
=
2 [cosec2 65º - tan2 ^90º - 65ºh] sec q + tan q = c x + 1 m + cx -
1 m = 2x
2 4x 4x
= sin 63º + cos 63º cos 63º + sin 27º cosec 27º
2 ^cosec2 65º - cot2 65ºh When sec q = x + 1 and tan q = - c x - 1 m we have
2 2
4x 4x
= sin 63º + cos 63º + 1 = 1 + 1 = 1
2 2 sec q + tan q = c x + 1 m + '- c x - 1 m1
4x 4x
Now given expression,
= x+ 1 -x+ 1
X+Y = 1+1+1 = 1+1 = 2 4x 4x
2
= 2 = 1
4x 2x
133. If sin A = 3 calculate sec A. (cos2 q - 1)

4 2
= 2 + 1 - cos q = 2 -
Sol : [Board 2019 OD] cos q - 1 (cos q - 1)
(cos q - 1) (cos q + 1)
We have sin A = 3 = 2-
4 cos q - 1
Now cos2 A = 1 - sin2 A = 2 - (cos q + 1) = 1 - cos q
cos2 A = 1 - b 3 l = 1 - 9 = 7
2
= LHS Hence Proved
4 16 16
7 136. Find A and B if sin Â + 2B h = 23 and
cos A =
4 cos Â + 4B h = 0 , where A and B are acute angles.
Thus sec A = 1 = 4 Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
cos A 7
Prove that: tan q + cot q = 1 + sec q cosec q We have sin Â + 2B h = 3
134. 2
1 - cot q 1 - tan q
sin Â + 2B h = sin 60c _sin 60c = 3
i
Sol : [Board 2019 OD] 2
1 A + 2B = 60c ...(1)
tan q + cot q = tan q + tan q
1 - cot q 1 - tan q 1 - tan1 q 1 - tan q Also, given cos Â + 4B h = 0
2
= tan q + 1 cos Â + 4B h = cos 90c ]cos 90c = 0g
tan q - 1 tan q (1 - tan q)
2
A + 4B = 90c ...(2)
= tan q - 1
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) we get
tan q - 1 tan q (tan q - 1)
tan3 q - 1 - 2B = - 30c & B = 15c
=
tan q (tan q - 1) From equation (1) we have
A + 2 ^15ch = 60c
2
(tan q - 1) (tan q + 1 + tan q)
=
tan q (tan q - 1)
2
A = 60c - 30c = 30c
= tan q + 1 + tan q Hence angle A = 30c and angle B = 15c.
tan q
= tan q + cot q + 1 137. Evaluate :
= sin q + cos q + 1 tan2 30º sin 30º + cos 60º sin2 90º tan2 60º - 2 tan 45º cos2 0º sin 90º
cos q sin q
2 2 Sol :
= sin q + cos q + 1
[Board Term-1 2015]
sin q cos q tan2 30º sin 30º + cos 60º sin2 90º tan2 60º - 2 tan 45º cos2 0º sin 90º
1
= c 1 m # 1 + 1 # ^1 h2 # ^ 3 h - 2 # 1 # 12 # 1
2
= +1 2
sin q cos q 2 2
3
= cosec q sec q + 1
= #1+1#3-2
1
3 2 2
= 1 + sec q cosec q Hence Proved
= 1 + 3 - 2 = 1 + 9 - 12 = - 2 = - 1
sin q sin q 6 2 6 6 3
135. Prove that: = 2+
cot q + cosec q cot q - cosec q 138. Given that
tan Â + B h = tan A + tan B ,
sin q 1 - tan A tan B
LHS = find the values of tan 75º and tan 90º by taking
cot q + cosec q
2 suitable values of A and B.
= sin q = sin q
cos q
+ sin q
sin q
1 cos q +1 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
2 (1 - cos q) (1 + cos q)
= 1 - cos q = We have tan Â + B h = tan A + tan B
cos q + 1 cos q + 1 1 - tan A tan B
= 1 - cos q ...(1) (i) tan 75º = tan ^45º + 30ºh
sin q
Now, RHS = 2 +
cot q - cosec q = tan 45º + tan 30º
1 - tan 45º tan 30º
2
= 2+ sin q = 2 + sin q
cos q
sin q- sin q
1 cos q - 1
1+ 1
3 +1 19 tan2 q = 19
= 3
=
1- 1
3 3 -1 tan q = 1 = tan 45º
^ 3 + 1h^ 3 + 1h Thus q = 45º
=
^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h Now, ^sec q + cosec qh - sin q2 2
= 3 + 22 3 + 1 = 4 + 2 3 = ^sec 45º + cosec 45ºh2 - sin2 45º

^ 3 h - ^1 h2 2
=^ 2 + 2h -c 1 m
2
= 2+ 3 2
2
Hence tan 75º = 2 + 3 = ^2 2 h - = 8 - 1 = 15
2 1
2 2 2
(ii) tan 90º = tan ^60º + 30ºh
142. If 3 cot2 q - 4 cot q + 3 = 0 , then find the value of
= tan 60º + tan 30º cot2 q + tan2 q.
1 - tan 60º tan 30º
3+1 Sol : [Board 2009]
3 + 13 3 2
= = We have 3 cot q - 4 cot q + 3 =0
1 - 3 # 13 0
Let cot q = x , then we have
Hence, tan 90º = 3
3 x2 - 4x + 3 =0
2
139. Evaluate : 3 x - 3x - x + 3 =0
sin 30º cos 45º + 4 tan 30º + 1 sin 90º - 2 cos2 90º + 1
2 2
2
2
24 ^x - 3 h^ 3x - 1h = 0
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013] x = 3 or 1
3
sin2 30º cos2 45º + 4 tan2 30º + 1 sin 90º - 2 cos2 90º + 1 Thus cot q = 3 or cot q = 1
2 24
3
1 2
= b l #c 1 2
1 2
1
+ ^1 h2 - 2 ^0 h + 1
2m
+ 4c
2 3m 2 24 Therefore q = 30º or q = 60º
1 1 1
= b l + 4b l + + 1 1 1
= + + + 4 1 1 If q = 30º, then
4 2 3 2 24 8 3 2 24
cot2 30º + tan2 30º = ^ 3 h + c 1 m
2 2
= 3 + 32 + 12 + 1 3
24
= 3+ =1 10
= 48 = 2 3 3
24 If q = 60º, then
Evaluate : 4 ^sin 4 30º + cos 4 60ºh - 3 ^cos2 45 - sin2 90ºh cot2 60º + tan2 60º = c 1 m + ^ 3 h
2 2
140.
3
= 1 + 3 = 10 .
4 ^sin 30º + cos 60ºh - 3 ^cos 45 - sin 90ºh
4 4 2 2
3 3
= 4 ;b 1 l + b 1 l E - 3 =c 1 m - ^1 h2G
4 4 2
143. Evaluate the following :
2 2 2 2 cos2 60º + 3 sec2 30º - 2 tan2 45º
1 1
= 4 : + D - 3 : - 1D 1 sin2 30º + cos2 45º
16 16 2
= 4 b 2 l - 3 b- 1 l
2 cos2 60º + 3 sec2 30º - 2 tan2 45º = ^ 2 h ` 3 j - 2 ^1 h
1 2 2 2
16 2 2 + 3 2
^2h +` 2 j
2 2 2 2
sin 30º + cos 45º 1 1
=1+3 = 4 =2
2 2 2
2 ^ 12 h2 + 3 _ i - 2 ^1 h
2 2
3
2
=
If 15 tan2 q + 4 sec2 q = 23, then find the value of ^2h +_ i
1 2 1 2
141.
2
^sec q + cosec qh - sin q .
2 2
2
+4-2
= 4 1 1 = 10
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] 4 + 2
3
2 2
We have 15 tan q + 4 sec q = 23 144. Prove that : tan q + cot q = 1 + tan q + cot q.
1 - cot q 1 - tan q
15 tan q + 4 ^tan q + 1h = 23
2 2

15 tan2 q + 4 tan2 q + 4 = 23
tan q + cot q = tan q + tan q

1
(ii) We have x = a cosec q, y = b cot q
1 - cot q 1 - tan q 1 - tan1 q 1 - tan q 2
x2 = cosec2 q, y = cot2 q
2
= tan q + 1 2 2
a b
tan q - 1 ^1 - tan qh tan q 2
x - y = cosec2 q - cot q = 1
2
= tan2 q - 1 a2 b2
tan q - 1 ^tan q - 1h tan q
Thus b2 x2 - a2 y2 = a2 b2 Hence Proved
= tan3 q - 1
^ tan q - 1h tan q 147. If cosec q - cot q = 2 cot q, then prove that
^tan q - 1h^tan q + tan q + 1h
2
cosec q + cot q = 2 cosec q.
=
^tan q - 1h^tan qh Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
2
= tan q + tan q + 1
tan q We have cosec q - cot q = 2 cot q
= tan q + 1 + cot q Squaring both sides we have
Hence Proved. cosec2 q + cot2 q - 2 cosec q cot q = 2 cot2 q
145. In an acute angled triangle ABC if sin Â + B - C h = 1 cosec2 q - cot2 q = 2 cosec q cot q
2
and cos ^B + C - Ah = 12 find +A, +B and +C . ^cosec q + cot qh^cosec q - cot qh = 2 cosec q cot q
Sol : [Board 2009] ^cosec q + cot qh 2 cot q = 2 cosec q cot q
We have sin Â + B - C h = 1 = sin 30º cosec q + cot q = 2 cosec q
2
Hence Proved.
A + B - C = 30º ...(1)
and cos ^B + C - Ah = 1 = cos 45º 148. Prove that :
2 cot3 q sin3 q + tan3 q cos3 q = sec q cosec q - 1
B + C - A = 45º ...(2) ^cos q + sin qh ^cos q + sin qh cosec q + sec q
2 2
Adding equation (1) and (2), we get Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
2B = 75º & B = 37.5º cot3 q sin3 q + tan3 q cos3 q

^cos q + sin qh ^cos q + sin qh
2 2
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) we get,
3
cos 3 q sin q
cos3 q
3
2 Â - C h = - 15º # sin q cos q #

= sin 3 q
+
3
^cos q + sin qh ^cos q + sin qh

2 2
A - C = - 7.5º ...(3) 3 3
= cos q sin q
2 +
Now A + B + C = 180º ^cos q + sin q h ^ cos q + sin qh2
^cos q + sin qh^cos q + sin q - sin q cos qh
2 2
A + C = 180c - 37.5c = 142.5º ...(4) =
^cos q + sin qh
2
Adding equation (3) and (4), we have sin q cos q
1
-
2A = 135º & A = 67.5º = 1 - sin q cos q = coscosq sinq q cossinq sin q
cos q + sin q q
cos q sin q + cos q sin q
and, C = 75º
= cosec q sec q - 1 Hence Proved
cosec q + sec q
Hence, +A = 67.5º, +B = 37.5º, +C = 75º
149. Prove that : sec q - 1 + sec q + 1 = 2 cosec q.
146. Prove that b2 x2 - a2 y2 = a2 b2, if : sec q + 1 sec q - 1
(1) x = a sec q, y = b tan q, or Sol : [Board 2008]
sec q + 1 = ^sec q - 1h + ^sec q + 1h

(2) x = a cosec q, y = b cot q
sec q - 1 +
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] sec q + 1 sec q - 1 ^sec q + 1h^sec q - 1h
(1) We have x = a sec q, y = b tan q, q = 2 sec q = 2 sec q
= 2 sec
2 sec2 q - 1 tan2 q tan q
x2 = sec2 q, y = tan2 q
a 2
b 2
= 2 # 1 # cos q
2
cos q sin q
x - y = sec2 q - tan2 q = 1
2
or,
a2 b2 = 2# 1
sin q
Thus b2 x2 - a2 y2 = a2 b2 Hence Proved
= 2 cosec q Hence Proved ^cos q - sin qh^cos q + sin q + sin q cos qh

2 2
=
^cos q - sin qh
150. Prove that : tan q + sin q = sec q + 1 . = 1 + sin q cos q Hence Proved
tan q - sin q sec q - 1
Sol : [Board 2010]
154. If a cos q + b sin q = m and a sin q - b cos q = n, prove
sin q
tan q + sin q = + sin q
cos q that m2 + n2 = a2 + b2
tan q - sin q sin q
- sin q
cos q
sin q ^ cos1 q + 1h
= We have
sin q ^ cos1 q - 1h
m2 = a2 cos2 q + 2ab sin q cos q + b2 sin2 q ...(1)
= sec q + 1
sec q - 1
and, n2 = a2 sin2 q - 2ab sin q cos q + b2 cos2 q ...(2)
Hence Proved.
Adding equations (1) and (2) we get
151. Prove that : cosec A + cosec A = 2 sec2 A m2 + n2 = a2 ^cos2 q + sin2 qh + b2 ^cos2 q + sin2 qh
cosec A - 1 cosec A + 1
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] = a 2 ^1 h + b2 ^1 h
cosec A + cosec A = a2 + b2
cosec A - 1 cosec A + 1
2 2
= cosec A + cosec A + cosec A - cosec A
^cosec A - 1h^cosec A + 1h 155. If cos q + sin q = p and sec q + cosec q = q, prove that
2 q ^p2 - 1h = 2p
= 2 cosec A = 2 cosec2 A
2
cosec A - 1 cot2 A Sol : [Board Term-1 2014]
2
2 sin A2 We have cos q + sin q = p and sec q + cosec q = q
= sin2 A
= #
sin2 A cos2 A q ^p2 - 1h = ^sec q + cosec qh [^cos q + sin qh2 - 1]
cos2 A
sin2 A
2 = 2 sec2 A
=
cos2 A
Hence Proved. = ^sec q + cosec qh^cos2 q + sin2 q + 2 sin q cos q - 1h
p2 - 1 = ^sec q + cosec qh [1 + 2 sin q cos q - 1]

152. If cosec q + cot q = p, then prove that cos q = .
p2 + 1
= b 1 + 1 l^2 sin q cos qh
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] cos q sin q
p2 - 1 ^cosec q + cot qh - 1
2
= b sin q + cos q l 2 sin q cos q
= cos q sin q
p2 + 1 ^cosec q + cot qh + 1
2
2 2 = 2 ^sin q + cos qh = 2p Hence Proved.

= cosec2 q + cot2 q + 2 cosec q cot q - 1
cosec q + cot q + 2 cosec q cot q + 1 156. If x = r sin A cos C, y = r sin A sin C and z = r cos A,
2 2
= 1 +2cot q + cot 2
q + 2 cosec q cot q - 1 then prove that x2 + y2 + z2 = r2
cosec q + cosec q - 1 + 2 cosec q cot q + 1
2 cot q ^cot q + cosec qh Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
=
2 cosec q ^cosec q + cot qh
2 2 2 2
Since, x = r sin A cos C
= cos q # sin q = cos q y2 = r2 sin2 A sin2 C

sin q
and z2 = r2 cos2 A
2 3
Prove that : cos q + sin q = 1 + sin q cos q.
153.
1 - tan q sin q - cos q x2 + y2 + z2 = r2 sin2 A cos2 C + r2 sin2 A sin2 C + r2 cos2 A
Sol : [Board 2007] = r2 sin2 A ^cos2 C + sin2 C h + r2 cos2 A
cos2 q + sin3 q = r2 sin2 A + r2 cos2 A
1 - tan q sin q - cos q
2
= r2 ^sin2 A + cos2 Ah
= cossinqq + sin3 q
1 - cos q sin q - cos q = r2 Hence Proved.
= cos3 q - sin3 q
cos q - sin q cos q - sin q 157. Prove that: 1 + sin q + 1 - sin q = 2 sec q .
3 3
1 - sin q 1 + sin q
= cos q - sin q Sol : [Board Term-1 2017]
cos q - sin q
1 + sin q + 1 - sin q = 7 + tan2 q + cot2 q Hence Proved

1 - sin q 1 + sin q
c
^1 + sin qh ^1 + sin qh ^1 - sin qh ^1 - sin qh 161. If sin q = and d > 0, find the value of cos q
= + c + d2
2
^1 - sin qh ^1 + sin qh ^1 + sin qh ^1 - sin qh
# #
and tan q.
^1 + sin qh ^1 - sin qh
2 2
= + Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
^1 - sin qh
2 2
1 - sin q
We have sin q = c
^1 + sin qh ^1 - sin qh
2 2
= + c2 + d2
cos2 q cos2 q Now cos2 q = 1 - sin2 q
= 1 + sin q + 1 - sin q = 1 + sin q + 1 - sin q c 2
cos q cos q cos q = 1 -b 2 2 l
c +d
= 2 = 2 sec q Hence Proved 2
cos q = 1- 2 c
c + d2
Prove that 2 2 2 2
= c +2 d -2 c = 2 d 2
158.
^1 - sin q + cos qh = 2 ^1 + cos qh^1 - sin qh . c +d c +d

2
Thus cos q = d
c2 + d2
^1 - sin q + cos qh
2
c
= 1 + sin2 q + cos2 q - 2 sin q - 2 sin q cos q + 2 cos q Again, tan q = sin q = c 2
+ d2 = c
cos q d d
= 1 + 1 - 2 sin q - 2 sin q cos q + 2 cos q 2
c +d 2
Thus tan q = c
= 2 + 2 cos q - 2 sin q - 2 sin q cos q d
= 2 ^1 + cos qh - 2 sin q ^1 + cos qh 162. If tan q = 1 ,

5
= ^1 + cos qh^2 - 2 sin qh 2 2
(1) Evaluate : cosec2 q - sec2 q
cosec q + sec q
= 2 ^1 + cos qh^1 - sin qh Hence Proved (2) Verify the identity : sin2 q + cos2 q = 1
159. Prove that : tan q + sec q - 1 = sec q + tan q Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
tan q - sec q - 1
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] We have tan q = 1
5
tan q + sec q - 1
tan q - sec q + 1 We draw the triangle as shown below and write all
dimensions.
^tan q + sec qh - ^sec q - tan qh
2 2
=
tan q - sec q + 1
^tan q + sec qh - ^sec q - tan qh^sec q + tan qh
=
tan q - sec q + 1
^tan q + sec qh (1 - sec q + tan q)
=
tan q - sec q + 1
= tan q + sec q Hence Proved
160. Prove that :

Now cot q = 1 = 5
^sin q + cosec qh + ^cos q + sec qh = 7 + tan q + cot q cot q
2 2 2 2 2
tan q
sin q = 1
6
^sin q + cosec qh + ^cos q + sec qh
2 2
= sin2 q + cosec2 q + 2 sin q cosec q + cos2 q cos q = 5

6
2 2 ^1 + cot2 qh - ^1 + tan2 qh
(1) cosec2 q - sec2 q =
^1 + cot qh + ^1 + tan qh
2 2
+ sec2 q + 2 cos q sec q cosec q + sec q
2 2
= ^sin2 q + cos2 qh + cosec2 q + 2 + sec2 q + 2 = cot q 2- tan q 2
2 + cot q + tan q
= 1 + ^1 + cot2 qh + 2 + ^1 + tan2 qh + 2
^ 5 h - ^ 15 h2
2
165. Prove that :
=
2 + ^ 5 h + ` 15 j2 ^sin A + sec Ah + ^cos A + cosec Ah = ^1 + sec A cosec Ah
2 2 2 2
5 - 15 Sol : [Board Term-1 2014]

= = 25 - 1 = 24 = 2
2 + 5 + 15 35 + 1 36 3 LHS = ^sin A + sec Ah + ^cos A + cosec Ah
2 2
2
sin2 q + cos2 q = c 1 m + e 5 o
2
= b sin A + 1 2 + cos A + 1 2
cos A l b sin A l
(2)
6 6
1 5 6
= + =
6 6 6 = sin2 A + 12 + 2 sin A + cos2 A +
cos A cos A
=1 Hence proved. + 12 + 2 cos A
sin A sin A
1 1
If sec q + tan q = p, show that sec q - tan q = 1 ,
2 2
163. = sin A + cos A + + +
p sin2 A cos2 A
Hence, find the values of cos q and sin q.
+ 2 b sin A + cos A l
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] cos A sin A
2
= 1 + sin A + cos2 A + 2 sin2 A + cos2 A
We have sec q + tan q = p (1) c sin A cos A m
sin A cos2 A
2
1 = 1 (sec q - tan q)
Now 1 2
p sec q + tan q # (sec q - tan q) = 1+ +
sin2 A cos2 A sin A cos A
= sec2 q - tan2q = sec q - tan q 1 2
sec q - tan q = b1 + l
sin A cos A
1 = sec q - tan q
or
p = ^1 + sec A cosec Ah2 Hence Proved
(2)
166. If ^sec A + tan Ah^sec B + tan B h^sec C + tan C h
Solving sec q + tan q = p and sec q - tan q = 1 , = ^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h
p
Prove that each of the side is equal to ! 1.
p2 + 1
sec q = 1 b p + 1 l = Sol :
2 p 2p [Board Term-1 2012]
2p We have
Thus cos q = 2
p +1
^sec A + tan Ah^sec B + tan B h^sec C + tan C h
p2 - 1
and tan q = 1 b p - 1 l = = ^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h
2 p 2p
2
p -1 Multiply both sides by
and sin q = tan q cos q =
p2 + 1 ^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h
164. Prove that : ^cosec q + cot qh2 = sec q + 1 or, ^sec A + tan Ah^sec B + tan B h^sec C + tan C h #
sec q - 1
Sol : ^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h
^cosec q + cot qh = cosec q + cot q + 2 cosec q. cot q = ^sec A - tan Ah2 ^sec B - tan B h2 ^sec C - tan C h2
2 2 2
= b 1 l + b cos q l + 2 # 1 # cos q or, ^sec2 A - tan2 Ah^sec2 B - tan2 B h^sec2 C - tan2 C h

2 2
sin q sin q sin q sin q

2 = ^sec A - tan Ah2 ^sec A - tan B h2 ^sec C - tan C h2
= 12 + cos2 q + 2 cos2 q
sin q sin q sin q or, 1 = 8^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C hB2
^1 + cos qh
2
or, ^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C + tan C h = ! 1
2
= 1 + cos q 2+ 2 cos q = 2
sin q 1 - cos q
^1 + cos qh^1 + cos qh 167. If 4 sin q = 3, find the value of x if
=
^1 + cos qh^1 - cos qh cosec2 q - cot2 q + 2 cot q = 7 + cos q
sec2 q - 1 x
1 + sec1 q
= 1 + cos q = Sol :
1 - cos q 1 - sec1 q [Board 2009]
= sec q + 1 Hence Prove. We have sin q = 3

sec q - 1 4
or, sin q = 9
2
16
Since sin2 q + cos2 = 1, we have

2 + 2 cos f
=4
cos2 q = 1 - sin2 q = 1 - 9 = 7 sin f ^1 + cos fh
16 16
2 ^1 + cos fh
=4
cos q = 7 sin f ^1 + cos fh
4
2 =4
3
sin f
and tan q = sin q = 4
= 3
cos q 7
4 7 sin f = 1
2 2
cosec q - cot q + 2 cot q = 7 + cos q 2
Thus
sec2 q - 1 x sin f = sin 30c
1 +2 7 7 7 Thus f = 30º
# 3 = x + 4
tan2 q
1 +2 7 = 7 + 7 170. If tan A + sin A = m and tan A - sin A = n, show
tan q 3 x 4 that m2 - n2 = 4 mn .
7 +2 7 - 7 = 7 Sol : [Board-Term 1 2009]
3 3 4 x
4 7- 7 = 7 We have tan A + sin A = m
4 x and tan A - sin A = n
3 7 = 7 m - n = ^tan A + sin Ah2 - ^tan A - sin Ah2
2 2
4 x
4 = ^tan2 A + sin2 A + 2 sin A tan Ah
Thus x =
3
- ^tan2 A + sin2 A - 2 sin A tan Ah
168. Prove that sec2 q + cosec2 q can never be less than 2. = tan2 A + sin2 A + 2 sin A tan A
Sol : [Board-Term 1 2011] - tan2 A - sin2 A + 2 sin A tan A
2 2
Let sec q + cosec q = x = 4 sin A tan A
1 + tan2 q + 1 + cot2 q = x
4 mn = 4 ^tan A + sin Ah^tan A - sin Ah
2 + tan2 q + cot2 q = x
= 4 tan2 A - sin2 A
2 + tan2 q + cot2 q = x
=4 sin2 A - sin2 A
tan2 q $ 0 and cot2 q $ 0 cos2 A
Thus x > 2 sin2 A - sin2 A cos2 A
=4
Thus sec2 q + cosec2 q > 2 cos2 A
Hence sec2 q + cosec2 q can never be less than 2. sin2 A ^1 - cos2 Ah
=4
cos2 A
169. (a) Solve for f , if tan 5f = 1
=4 sin2 A # sin2 A
sin f 1 + cos f cos2 A
(b) Solve for f , if + =4
1 + cos f sin f
= 4 sin A # sin A
Sol : cos A
(a) tan 5f = 1 = 4 sin A # sin A
cos A
tan 5f = tan 45º = 4 sin A tan A
5f = 45º Thus m2 - n2 = 4 mn Hence Proved
Thus f = 9º
171. If cos a = m and cos a = n, show that
sin f 1 + cos f cos b sin b
(b) + =4
1 + cos f sin f ^m + n h cos b = n .
2 2 2 2
sin2 f + ^1 + cos qh2

=4 Sol : [Board Term-12010]
sin f ^1 + cos fh
We have cos a = m and cos a = n
sin2 f + 1 + 2 cos f + cos2 f cos b sin b
=4
sin f + sin f cos f 2 2
sin2 f + cos2 f + 1 + 2 cos f m2 = cos 2a and n2 = cos 2 a
=4 cos b sin b
sin f ^1 + cos fh
cos2 a cos2 a cos2 b 3 sin 43 3 sin 43c 2

a cos 47c k = ; cos (90c - 43c)E
2
^m + n h cos b = = 2 +
c
sin2 b G
2 2 2
cos b
= cos2 a ; 12 + 12 E cos2 b = a 3 sin 43c k = (3) 2 = 9
2
cos b sin b sin 43c

sin2 b + cos2 b cos 37c cosec 53c
= cos2 a cos2 b tan 5c tan 25c tan 45c tan 65c tan 85c
cos2 b sin2 b
1 cos 37c cosec (90c - 37c)
= cos2 a c
cos2 b sin2 b m
cos2 b =
tan 5c tan 25c # 1 # tan (90c - 25c) tan (90c - 5c)
2 cos 37c sec 37c
= cos 2 a =
tan 5c tan 25c cot 25c cot 5c
sin b
= n2 Hence Proved. = cos 37c # sec 37c = 1 =1
tan 5c cot 5c tan 25c cot 25c 1#1
172. If 7 cosec f - 3 cot f = 7, prove that Now
7 cot f - 3 cosec f = 3. 3 sin 43c 2 cos 37c cosec 53c
b cos 47c l - tan 5c tan 25c tan 45c tan 65c tan 85c
= 9-1 = 8
We have 7 cosec f - 3 cot f = 7
7 cosec f - 7 = 3 cot f 175. Evaluate :
7 ^cosec f - 1h = 3 cot f tan2 30º sin 30º + cos 60º sin2 90º tan2 60º - 2 tan 45º cos2 0º sin 90º
7 ^cosec f - 1h^cosec f + 1h = 3 cot f ^cosec f + 1h
7 ^cosec2 f - 1h = 3 cot f ^cosec f + 1h tan 30º sin 30º + cos 60º sin 90º tan 60º - 2 tan 45º cos2 0º sin 90º
2 2 2
7 cot f = 3 cot f ^cosec f + 1h

2
= c 1 m # 1 + 1 # ^1 h2 # ^ 3 h - 2 # 1 # 12 # 1
2 2
7 cot f = 3 ^cosec f + 1h 3 2 2
7 cot f - 3 cosec f = 3 Hence Proved = 1 #1+1#3-2
3 2 2
173. Prove that : cos q - sin q + 1 = cosec q + cot q = + - 2 = 1 + 9 - 12
1 3
cos q + sin q - 1 6 2 6
Sol : [Board SQP 2018] 2
=- =- 1
6 3
LHS = cos q - sin q + 1
cos q + sin q - 1 176. Evaluate :
sin q ^cos q - sin q + 1h sin2 30º cos2 45º + 4 tan2 30º + 1 sin 90º - 2 cos2 90º + 1
= 2 24
sin q ^cos q + sin q - 1h
= sin q cos q - sin q + sin q
sin q ^cos q + sin q - 1h sin 30º cos 45º + 4 tan 30º + 1 sin 90º - 2 cos2 90º + 1
2 2 2
2 24
sin q cos q + sin q - ^1 - cos2 qh 1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1
= b l #c + ^1 h2 - 2 ^0 h +
2m
+ 4c
3m 2
=
sin q ^cos q + sin q - 1h 2 24
sin q ^cos q + 1h - 8^1 - cos qh^1 + cos qhB 1 1 1
= b l + 4b l + + 1 1
= 4 2 3 2 24
1 4 1 1
^1 + cos qh^sin q - 1 + cos qh = + + +
8 3 2 24
=
^1 + cos qh^cos q + sin q - 1h = 3 + 32 + 12 + 1 = 48 = 2
24 24
=
177. Evaluate : 4 ^sin 4 30º + cos 4 60ºh - 3 ^cos2 45 - sin2 90ºh
= 1 + cos q = 1 + cos q
sin q sin q sin q Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
= cosec q + cot q Hence Proved 4 ^sin 30º + cos 60ºh - 3 ^cos 45 - sin 90ºh
4 4 2 2
= 4 ;b 1 l + b 1 l E - 3 =c 1 m - ^1 h2G
4 4 2
174. Evaluate: 2 2 2
3 sin 43c 2 cos 37c cosec 53c
b cos 47c l - tan 5c tan 25c tan 45c tan 65c tan 85c = 4 : 1 + 1 D - 3 :1 - 1D
16 16 2
= 4 b 2 l - 3 b- 1 l = 1 + 3 = 4 = 2
16 2 2 2 2
178. Evaluate the following : = cos2 20º + cos2 ^90º - 20ºh

2 cos2 60º + 3 sec2 30º - 2 tan2 45º
= cos2 20º + sin2 20º = 1
sin2 30º + cos2 45º
Given expression,
2 cos2 60º + 3 sec2 30º - 2 tan2 45º = ^ 2 h

2 1 2
+ 3 ` 23 j2 - 2 ^1 h2 X+Y-Z = 1+1-1 = 1
sin2 30º + cos2 45º ^2h +` 2 j
1 2 1 2
181. Evaluate :
2 ^ 12 h2 + 3 _ i - 2 ^1 h
2 2
3
2
cosec2 ^90º - qh - tan2 q 2 tan2 30º sec2 52º sin2 38º
= -
^2h +_ i
1 2 1 2
2
4 ^cos2 40º + cos2 50ºh 3 ^cosec2 70º - tan2 20ºh
2
+4-2 Sol : [Board Terim-1 2012]
= 4 1 1 = 10
4 + 2
3 cosec2 ^90º - qh = sec2 q
PRACTICE sec2 q - tan2 q = 1
cos2 40º + cos2 50º = cos2 ^90º - 50ºh + cos2 50º
2
 Evaluate : 5 cos 60º + 4 cos2 30º - tan2 45º
sin 30º + cos2 60º
2
[Board Term-1 2013] = sin2 50º + cos2 50º = 1

13
Ans :
tan2 30º = c 1 m = 1
2 2
3 3
sec 52º sin 38º = sec 52º sin2 ^90º - 52ºh
2 2 2
179. Evaluate : cos 65º - tan 20º - sin 90º + = sec2 52 cos2 52º = 1
sin 25º cot 70º
+ tan 5º tan 35º tan 60º tan 55º tan 85º and
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] cosec2 70º - tan2 20º = cosec2 ^90º - 20ºh - tan2 20º
We have = sec2 20º - tan2 20º = 1
cos 65º = cos 65º Thus given expression becomes,
= cos 65º = 1,
sin 25º sin ^90º - 65ºh cos 65º 1
2# 3 #1
=1-
tan 20º = tan ^90º - 70ºh = cot 70° = 1 4 3 ^1 h
cot 70º cot 70º cot 70º
= - = 9-8 = 1
1 2
and sin 90º = 1 4 9 36 36
tan 5º tan 35º tan 60º tan 55º tan 85º 182. In the given figure, if AD = 7 3 m, then find the
= tan ^90º - 85ºh tan ^90º - 55ºh tan 55º tan 60º tan 85º value of BC .
= cot 85º tan 85º cot 55º tan 55º $ 3

= 1#1# 3= 3
Now given expression = 1 - 1 - 1 + 3 = 3 -1
180. Evaluate :
cot (90º - q) sin (90º - q) cot 40º
tan 50º ^
+ - cos2 20º + cos2 70ºh
sin q
cot (90º - q) sin (90º - q)

X = Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
sin q
Let BD = x and DC = y
= tan q cos q = sin q . cos q = 1
sin q cos q sin q From TADB we get
cot ^90º - 50ºh
Y = cot 40º = tan 30c = 7 3
tan 50º tan 50º x
= tan 50º = 1 1 =7 3
tan 50º
3 x
Z = ^cos2 20º + cos2 70ºh
x =7 3# 3 = 21 m 1 = 6
3 d1
From TADC , d1 = 6 # 3
tan 60c = 7 3 = 6 # 1.732 = 10.392 m
y
For l2 , l2 = d2
3 = 7 3 & y = 7 m.
y For l3 , sin 45c
Now BC = BD + DC = 21 + 7 = 28 m. =5
l3
Hence, the value of BC is 28 m. 1 =5
2 l3
COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS l1 = 5 # 2
= 5 # 1.414 = 7.07 m
5
183. Water Slide Design : Slide shown in the figure is part For d3 , tan 45c = d
3
of a design for a water slide. 5
1 =d
(i) Find the length of flat part of slide. 3
(ii) Find the total length of the slide. d3 = 5 m

Now d1 + d2 + d3 = 30 m
Substituting d1 , d2 and d3 we have
10.392 + l2 + 5 = 30 m
l2 = 30 - 10.392 - 5 = 16.608 m
Now total length of water slide
l = l1 + l2 + l3
= 12 + 14.608 + 7.07 = 33.678 m
(i) Length of flat part is l2 = 14.608 m
Sol : (ii) Length of full slide is l = 33.678 m
We draw a diagram of the situation as shown below. 184. ‘Skysails’ is that genre of engineering science that uses
The water slide can be separated in 3 segment as extensive utilization of wind energy to move a vessel
shown in figure. in the sea water. The ‘Skysails’ technology allows the
towing kite to gain a height of anything between 100
metres – 300 metres. The sailing kite is made in such
a way that it can be raised to its proper
elevation and then brought back with the
help of a ‘telescopic mast’ that enables the
kite to be raised properly and effectively.
The length of slide is equal to the sum of l1 , l2 and l3 .

6
For l1 , sin 30c = l
1
1 =6
2 l1
l1 = 6 # 2 = 12 m
6
For d1 , tan 30c = d Based on the following figure related to sky sailing,
1
answer the questions: torches and generators, and a wide variety of other
building materials.
(i) In the given figure, if sin i = cos (3i - 30c), where

i and 3i - 30c acute angles, then find the value
of i .
(ii) What should be the length of the rope of the
kite sail in order to pull the ship at the angle i
calculated above and be at a vertical height of A crane stands on a level ground. It is represented by
200 m? a tower AB , of height 24 m and a jib BR . The jib
is of length 16 m and can rotate in a vertical plane
about B . A vertical cable, RS , carries a load S . The
(i) We have sin i = cos (3i - 30c) diagram shows current position of the jib, cable and
Writing sin i = cos (90c - i) we have load.
cos (90c - i) = cos (3i - 30c)
Comparing angle we have
90c - i = 3i - 30c
90c + 30c = 3i + i & 4i = 120c
4i = 120c & i = 30c
(ii) We make the figure as given below.
In triangle 9ABC we have

AB (i) What is the distance BS ?
sin i = AC
(ii) What is the angle that the jib, BR , makes with
200
sin 30c = AC the horizontal ?
1 200 (iii) What is the measure of the angle BRS ?
2 = AC & AC = 400 m.
Thus length of rope is 400 mm (iv) Now the jib BR , has been rotated and the length
RS is increased. The load is now on the ground
185. Tower cranes are a common fixture at any major at a point 8 m from A. What is the angle through
construction site. They’re pretty hard to miss -- they which the jib has been rotated ?
often rise hundreds of feet into the air, and can reach (v) What is the length by which RS has been
out just as far. The construction crew uses the tower increased?
crane to lift steel, concrete, large tools like acetylene
Sol :
(i) As per information given in question we make the = RT + AB

diagram as below.
= 8 3 + 24
Increase in length = 8 3 + 24 - 8
= 8 3 + 16 = 8 ^ 3 + 2h
186. Area of a Triangle : Prove that the area A of the

triangle given in the figure is A = 12 ab sin q .
162 = 82 + BS2
BS = 162 - 82 = 8 3 Sol :
(ii) Let jib make q with horizontal. We redraw the diagram of triangle as shown below.
Now, sin q = 8 = 1 = sin 30c

16 2
Thus q = 30c
(iii) q + 90c + +BRS = 180c
30c + 90c + +BSR = 180c
+BSR = 180c - 30c - 90c
= 60c We have sin q = h
a
(iv) We make the digram as below on the information
given. h = a sin q
Here BT = AS = 8 m A = 1 bh = 1 b (a sin q)
2 2
In triangle TBTR ,
or A = 1 ab sin q Hence Proved
2
cos f = 8 = 1 = cos 60c
16 2
187. Width of a Ramp : A skateboarder wishes to build a
f = 60c
jump ramp that is inclined at a 30c angle and that
f - q = 60c - 30c = 30c has a maximum height of 2 meter. Find the horizontal
width of the ramp.
(v) RT = 162 - 82 = 8 3
RS = RT + TS
Sol :
Let x be the horizontal width of ramp. We draw a
diagram of the situation as shown below.
Now sin 45c = h

40
1
= h
tan 30c = 2 2 40
x
1 =2 h = 40 = 20 2
x 2
3
= 20 # 1.414 = 28.28
x =2 3
= 2 # 1.732 = 3.464 m Now cos 45c = l
40
1
Thus horizontal width of ramp is 3.464 meter. = l
2 40
188. Fire brigade : The fire brigade is an organization l = 40 = 20 2
which has the job of putting out fires; used especially 2
to refer to the people who actually fight the fires. = 20 # 1.414 = 28.28 m
(i) Since height of fire truck is 3 m, ladder reachs
upto 28.28 + 3 = 31.28 m.
(ii) Length of base of truck is 28.28 m.
189. Golf : This a game played in an open field where the

golfer plays his golf ball into a hole by using different
types of clubs (golf instruments). In golf, a golfer plays
a number of holes in a given order. 18 holes played in
an order controlled by the golf course design, normally
make up a game.
A fire brigade ladder-truck arrives at a highrise

apartment complex where a fire has broken out. The
maximum length the ladder extends is 40 meter and
the angle of inclination is 45c . Assume the ladder is
mounted at the top a 3 meter high truck.
(i) How high up the side of the building does the
ladder reach? On your approach shot to the ninth green, the Global
(ii) What is the length of base of truck ? Positioning System (GPS) your cart is equipped with
tells you the pin is 120 meter away. The distance plate
Sol :
states the straight line distance to the hole is 60 meter.
Let h be the height from truck where ladder can Relative to a straight line between the plate and the
reach. We draw a diagram of the situation as shown hole, at what acute angle should you hit the shot?
below.
(i) Find the length a.

(ii) Find the length b.
(iii) Find the length c.
(iv) Find the length d.
Sol :
We redraw the diagram of truss as shown below.
10
(i) cos 60c = a
1 = 10
2 a
Sol : a = 10 # 2 = 20 m
Here cos q = 60 b
120 (ii) sin 60c = a
Here cos q = 1 = cos 60c 3
2 = b
Thus cos q = cos 60c 2 20
20 3
Hence q = 60c b = 2 = 10 3
= 10 # 1.732 = 17.32 m
190. Truss : A truss is a structure that consists of members
b
organised into connected triangles so that the overall (iii) tan 30c = c
assembly behaves as a single object. Trusses are most
commonly used in bridges, roofs and towers. 1 = 10 3
3 c
c = 10 # 3 = 30 m
b
(iv) sin 30c = d
1 = 10 3
2 d
d = 20 3
= 20 # 1.732 = 34.64 m
191. Train Speed : While driving to their next gig, Sarthak

and the boys get stuck in a line of cars at a railroad
crossing as the gates go down. As the sleek, speedy
express train approaches, Sarthak decides to pass the
time estimating its speed.
Consider the line diagram of truss shown below.

He spots a large oak tree beside the track some Sol :

distance away, and figures the angle of rotation from Let q be angle which the dock makes with the street
the crossing to the tree is about 60c . If their car is 40 and l be the length of ramp. We draw a diagram of
meter from the crossing and it takes the train 3 sec to the situation as shown below.
reach the tree, how fast is the train moving ?
Sol :
Let l be the length of train. We draw a diagram of
the situation as shown below.
Now sin q = 2 = 1 = sin 30c

4 2
Thus q = 30c
Now tan q = 2
l
tan 30c = 2
l
1 =2
3 l
Length of ramp, l =2 3
Now tan 60c = l = 2 # 1.732 = 3.464 m
40
3 = l (i) The dock makes 30c with the street.
40 (ii) Base of ramp is 3.464 m long.
Length of train, l = 40 3
193. Placement of a Light : For best illumination of a
= 40 # 1.732 = 69.28 m piece of art, a lighting specialist for an art gallery
Speed of train, s = l = 69.28 recommends that a ceiling-mounted light be 3 meter
t 3 from the piece of art and that the angle of depression
= 23.09 m/ sec of the light be 30c . How far from a wall should
= 23.09 # 3600 the light be placed so that the recommendations of
1000 the specialist are met? Notice that the art extends
= 83.124 km/hour outward 10 cm from the wall.
Thus train is running at 83.124 km/hour speed.
192. Ramp : A heavy-duty ramp is used to winch heavy

appliances from street level up to a warehouse loading
dock. If the ramp is 2 meter high and the incline is 4
meter long,
(i) What angle does the dock make with the street?
(ii) How long is the base of the ramp?
Sol :
Let d be the distance of light from art on ceiling. We
draw a diagram of the situation as shown below.
Let l be the length of field. We draw a diagram of the

situation as shown below.
cos 30c = d
3
3 =d
2 3
d = 3 3 = 3 # 1.732
2 2
Now tan 60c = l
50
= 5.196 = 2.598 m = 2.6 m
2 3 = l
50
Since art is 10 cm or 0.1 meter extends from wall,
l = 50 3
distance of light from wall will be 2.6 + 0.1 = 2.7 m .
= 50 # 1.732 = 86.6 m
194. Crop Duster’s Speed: While standing near the edge of
a farmer’s field, Vikram watches a crop duster dust Speed of plane s = Distance = l
Time t
the farmer’s field for insect control. Curious as to the
= 86 . 6 = 20 m/ sec
plane’s speed during each drop, Vikram attempts an 4.33
estimate using the angle of rotation from one end of
Thus plane is flying at 20 m/sec speed.
the field to the other, while standing 50 meter from
one corner. 195. Astronomy : Venus rotates in a nearly circular orbit
around the sun. The largest angle formed by Venus,
Earth, and the sun is 45c . The distance from Earth
to the sun is approximately 149 million kilometers.
See the following figure. What is the orbital radius
r of Venus? Round to the nearest million kilometres.
Using a stopwatch he finds the plane makes each pass

in 4.33 sec. If the angle of rotation was 60c , how fast
is the plane flying as it applies the insecticide?
Sol :
Sol :
Now sin 45c = r

149
1 = r
2 149
tan 60c = h
50
r = 149 = 149 # 2
2
2 3 = h
149 # 1 . 414 50
=
2 h = 150 # 3
= 105 million kilometre
= 150 # 1.732 = 259.8 m
196. Cyclometer : Meteorologists find the height of a cloud
197. Area of an Isosceles Triangle : Consider the following
using an instrument called a ceilometer. It consists of
isosceles triangle. The length of each of the two equal
a light projector that directs a vertical light beam up
sides of the triangle is a , and each of the base angles
to the cloud base and a light detector that scans the
has a measure of q . Verify that the area of the triangle
cloud to detect the light beam.
is A = a2 sin q cos q .
Sol :
On July 2, 2021, at Midway Airport in Mumbai, a

ceilometer was employed to find the height of the
cloud cover. It was set up with its light detector 50
meter from its light projector. If the angle of elevation
from the light detector to the base of the cloud was
60°, what was the height of the cloud cover?
Sol :
Let h be the height of the cloud from ground. We
b
Now cos q = 2
a
b = cos q
2
b = 2 cos q
sin q = h
a
h = a sin q
A = 1#b#h
2
= 1 (2a cos q) (a sin q)
2
= a2 sin q cos q
***********
Page 304 Some Applications of Trigonometry Chap 9
CHAPTER 9
Some Applications of Trigonometry
ONE MARK QUESTIONS object.

angle of elevation
1. In Figure, the angles of depressions from the observing
positions O1 and O2 respectively of the object A are 4. The .......... of an object viewed, is the angle
.................. . formed by the line of sight with the horizontal
when it is below the horizontal level, i.e., the
case when we lower our head to look at the
object.
angle of depression
5. A ladder, leaning against a wall, makes an angle of

60c with the horizontal. If the foot of the ladder is 2.5
m away from the wall, find the length of the ladder.
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Sol : [Board Term-2 2011]
Here we have drawn O1 X parallel to AC . As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
+AO1 X = 90c - 60c = 30c In TACB with +C = 60c, we get

+AO2 X = +BAO2 = 45c cos 60c = 2.5
AC
2. The .......... is the line drawn from the eye of 1 = 2.5
2 AC
an observer to the point in the object viewed
by the observer. AC = 2 # 2.5 = 5 m
Sol : 6. A tree casts a shadow 15 m long on the level of ground,

line of sight when the angle of elevation of the sun is 45c. Find the
height of a tree.
3. The .......... of an object viewed, is the angle
formed by the line of sight with the horizontal Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2011]
when it is above the horizontal level, i.e., the Let BC be the tree of height h meter. Let AB be the
case when we raise our head to look at the shadow of tree.
Chap 9 Some Applications of Trigonometry Page 305
of a man.
AB = BC
In TABC , tan q = AB
BC
AB = tan q
AB
tan q = 1 & q = 45c
In TABC , CB = 90c
BC = tan 45c
BA
BC = AB = 15 m
7. In the adjoining figure, the positions of observer and

object are marked. The angle of depression is ..........
10. In the given figure, the positions of the observer and

the object are mentioned, find the angle of depression?
Sol : [Board 2008]
30c
8. If the angle of depression of an object from a 75 m

high tower is 30c, then what is the distance of the
object from the tower?
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017
We have tan 30c = AB
OB We have +XCA = +CAB = 60c
1 = 75 Hence, angle of depression = 60c
3 OB
OB = 75 3 m
11. A circus artist is climbing a 20 m long rope, which is

9. If the height and length of the shadow of a man are tightly stretched and tied from the top of a vertical
equal, then find the angle of elevation of the sun. pole to the ground. If the angle made by the rope
with the ground level is 30c, then what is the height
Let AB be the height of a man and BC be the shadow

of pole? = 20 - 14 = 6 m
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013] In 3 BDE , sin 30c = DE
BD
Let AB be the vertical pole and CA be the 20 m long
rope such that its one end A is tied from the top of 1 = 6 & BD = 12 m
2 BD
the vertical pole AB and the other end C is tied to a
point C on the ground. Thus length of wire is 12 m.
13. The ratio of the length of a rod and its shadow is

1 : 3 then what is the angle of elevation of the sun ?
Let AB be the rod of length h , BC be its shadow of

length 3 h , q be the angle of elevation of the sun.
In 3 ABC , we have
sin 30c = AB
AC
1 = AB
2 AC
1 = AB & AB = 10 m In TABC , h = tan q
2 20 3h
Hence, the height of the pole is 10 m. tan q = 1 & q = 30c
3
12. The top of two poles of height 20 m and 14 m are
connected by a wire. If the wire makes an angle of 30c PRACTICE
with the horizontal, then find the length of the wire.  The ratio of the height of a tower and the length
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014] of its shadow on the ground is 3 | 1. What is
the angle of elevation of the sun ?
Height of big pole, CD = 20 m
Height of small pole, AB = 14 m Ans : 60c
14. A ladder 15 m long leans against a wall making an

angle of 60º with the wall. Find the height of the point
where the ladder touches the wall.
Let the height of wall be h . As per given in question

we have drawn figure below.
DE = CD - CE
= CD - AB [AB = CE ]
h = cos 60º 17. An observer, 1.7 m tall, is 20 3 m away from a tower.

15 The angle of elevation from the eye of observer to the
h = 15 # cos 60º top of tower is 30º. Find the height of tower.
= 15 # 1 = 7.5 m Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]

2
Let height of the tower AB be h . As per given in
15. A pole casts a shadow of length 2 3 m on the ground, question we have drawn figure below.
when the Sun’s elevation is 60º. Find the height of the
pole.
Let the height of pole be h. As per given in question

Here AE = h - 1.7
and BC = DE = 20 3
In TADE, +E = 90º
Now h = tan 60º tan 30º = h - 1.7

2 3 20 3
h = 2 3 tan 60º 1 = h - 1.7
3 20 3
=2 3# 3 =6 m h - 1.7 = 20 & h = 20 + 1.7 = 21.7 m
16. If the length of the ladder placed against a wall is 18. In the given figure, AB is a 6 m high pole and DC is
twice the distance between the foot of the ladder and a ladder inclined at an angle of 60c to the horizontal
the wall. Find the angle made by the ladder with the and reaches up to point D of pole. If AD = 2.54 m,
horizontal. find the length of ladder. ( use 3 = 1.73 )
Let the distance between the foot of the ladder and

the wall is x , then length of the ladder will be 2x . As
per given in question we have drawn figure below.
We have AD = 2.54 m
In TABC, +B = 90º
DB = 6 - 2.54 = 3.46 m
cos A = x = 1 = cos 60º
2x 2 In TBCD , +B = 90c
A = 60º
sin 60c = BD and 60c, then find the height of the tower.
DC
3 = 3.46
2 DC Let the height of tower be h . As per given in question
DC = .46 # 2 = 3.46 = 4
3
3 1.73
Thus length of ladder is 4 m.
19. An observer 1.5 m tall is 28.5 m away from a tower

30 m high. Find the angle of elevation of the top of
the tower from his eye.
As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
From TABD, h = tan 30c

a
h = a# 1 = a ...(1)
3 3
From TABC , h = tan 60c
b
h = b# 3 =b 3 ...(2)
From (1) we get a = 3h
From (2) get b = h

3
Thus a#b = 3h# h
3
Here AE = 1.5 m is height of observer and BD = 30 m ab = h2
m is tower.
h = ab
Now BC = 30 - 1.5 = 28.5 m
Hence, the height of the tower is ab .
In TBAC, tan q = BC
AC 21. The angle of depression of a car parked on the road
tan q = 28.5 = 1 = tan 45c from the top of a 150 m high tower is 30c. Find the
28.5 distance of the car from the tower (in m).
q = 45c
Hence angle of elevation is 45c. Let the distance of the car from the tower be d . As
per given in question we have drawn figure below.
PRACTICE
 An observer, 1.5 m tall is 20.5 away from a tower

22 m high, then what is the angle of elevation of
the top of the tower from the eye of observer?
[Board 2010]
Ans : 45c
20. If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from

two points distant a and b (a 2 b) from its foot and
in the same straight line from it are respectively 30c
Due to alternate angles we have
+CAX = +ACB = 30c the foot of the tower of height 10 3 m.

In TABC , +B = 90c Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
Let the angle of elevation of top of the tower be q .

tan 30c = 150
d As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
1 = 150
3 d
Thus d = 150 3 m.
22. A pole 6 m high casts a shadow 2 3 m long on the

ground, then find the Sun’s elevation.
Let the Sun’s elevation be q . As per given in question

From TABC ,
tan q = AB = 10 3 = 1 = tan 30c

BC 30 3
Thus q = 30c
Hence angle of elevation is 30c.
24. If the altitude of the sun is 60c, what is the height of

a tower which casts a shadow of length 30 m ?
Let AB be the tower whose height be h . As per given

Length of pole is 6 m and length of shadow is 2 3 m.
in question we have drawn figure below.
From TABC, we have
tan q = AB = 6 = 3 = 3 = tan 60c

BC 2 3 3
q = 60c
Hence sun’s elevation is 60c.
PRACTICE
 If a tower 30 m high, casts a shadow 10 3 m

long on the ground, then what is the angle of
elevation of the sun ?
[Board Term-2 OD 2017] Here shadow is BC = 30 m.
Ans : 60c
From TABC , we get
AB = tan 60c
 In figure, a tower AB is 20 m high and BC , its BC
shadow on the ground, is 20 3 m long. Find the h = 3 & h = 30 3 m
Sun’s altitude. 30
Hence, height of tower is 30 3 m.
Ans : 30c
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
23. Find the angle of elevation of the top of the tower
from the point on the ground which is 30 m away from 25. From the top of light house, 40 m above the water, the
angle of depression of a small boat is 60c. Find how
far the boat is from the base of the light house. x = 90 # 2 = 180 = 3 # 60
3 3 3
= 60 3 = 60 # 1.732
Let AB be the light house and C be the position of
the boat. As per given in question we have drawn Hence length of string is 103.92 m.
figure below.
PRACTICE
 Find the length of kite string flying at 100 m

above the ground with the elevation of 60c.
[Board Term-2 2012]
200
Ans : 3 3
27. A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends
so that the top of the tree touches the ground making
an angle 30c with it. The distance between the foot of
the tree to the point where the top touches the ground
is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.
Since +PAC = 60c & +ACB = 60c
Let CB = x . Now in TABC ,
Let the tree be AC and is broken at B . The broken
tan 60c = AB part touches at the point D on the ground. As per
BC
given in question we have drawn figure below.
3 = 40
x
x = 40 = 40 # 3 = 40 3 m
3 3# 3 3
Hence, the boat is 40 3 m away from the foot of
3
light house.
26. A kite is flying at a height of 90 m above the ground.

The string attached to the kite is temporarily tied to
a point on the ground. The inclination of the string
with the ground is 60c. Find the length of the string
assuming that there is no slack in the string.
Sol : [Board Term-2 2011, 2014]
In right TCBD , cos 30c = BD

CD
3 = 8
2 CD
CD = 16
3
and tan 30c = BC
BD
1 = BC
3 8
BC = 8
3
In right TABC , we have
Height of tree,
sin 60c = AB
AC BC + CD = 8 + 16 = 24 = 8 3
3 3 3
3 = 90
2 x Hence the height of the tree is 8 3 m.
28. A player sitting on the top of a tower of height 20 m In TABC , AB = tan 30c
observes the angle of depression of a ball lying on the BC
ground as 60c. Find the distance between the foot of AB = tan 30c = 1
the tower and the ball. Take 3 = 1.732 30 3
AB = 30 = 10 3
3
Let C be the point where the ball is lying. As per AB = tan 60c
given in question we have drawn figure below. In TABD ,
BD
10 3 = tan 60c = 3
BD
BD = 10 m
Hence the length of shadow is 10 m.
30. From a point P on the ground the angle of elevation

of the top of a 10 m tall building is 30c. A flag is
hoisted at the top the of the building and the angle
of elevation of the length of the flagstaff from P is
45c. Find the length of the flagstaff and distance of
building from point P . [Take 3 = 1.732 ]
Due to alternate angles we obtain
Sol : [Board Term-2 2011, Delhi 2012, 2013]
+XAC = +ACB = 60c Let height of flagstaff be BD = x . As per given in
question we have drawn figure below.
In TABC , tan 60c = AB
BC
3 = 20
x
x = 20
3
3
= 20 c
3 m
Hence, distance between ball and foot of tower is
11.53 m.
29. If the shadow of a tower is 30 m long, when the Sun’s

elevation is 30c. What is the length of the shadow,
when Sun’s elevation is 60c ?
tan 30c = AB
Sol : [Board Term-2 2011] AP
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. 1 = 10
Here AB is tower and BD is shadow at 60c and BC 3 AP
is shadow at 30c elevation. AP = 10 3
Distance of the building from P ,
= 10 # 1.732 = 17.32 m
Now tan 45c = AD

AP
1 = +x
10
17.32
x = 17.32 - 10.00 = 7.32 m
Hence, length of flagstaff is 7.32 m.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS  The angle of elevation of the top of a building

from the foot of the tower is 30c and the angle of
elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of
31. The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the building is 45c. If the tower is 30 m high, find
the foot of a tower is 30c and the angle of elevation the height of the building.
of the top of a tower from the foot of the building is [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
60c. If the tower is 50 m high, then find the height of Ans : 10 3 m
the building.
 The angle of elevation of the top of a hill at the
foot of a tower is 60c and the angle of elevation of
the figure below.
the top of the tower from the foot of the hill is 30c
. If the tower is 50 m high, find the height of the
hill.
[Board Term-2 2012]
Ans : 150 m
32. The top of two poles of height 16 m and 10 m are

connected by a length l meter. If wire makes an angle
of 30c with the horizontal, then find l .
Let AB and CD be two poles, where AB = 10 m,

CD = 16 m.
In TABD , tan 60c = AB

BD
3 = 50
BD
BD = 50
3
Now in TBDC ,
tan 30c = CD
BD
1 = h =h 3
3
50 50
3
3h = 50
h = 50 = 16.67
3
Hence, the height of the building is 16.67 m.
Length CE = CD - CE = CD - AB
PRACTICE = 16 - 10 = 6 m.
 The angle of elevation of the top of a building
From TAEC , sin 30c = CE
from the foot of the tower is 30c and the angle of l
elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of 1 = CE
the building is 60c. If the tower is 60 m high, find 2 l
the height of the building. l = 2CE
[Board 2020 Delhi Basic, Delhi 2013]
= 6 # 2 = 12 m.
Ans : 20 m
Hence, the value of l is 12 m.
33. An electric pole is 10 m high. A steel wire tied to top We have tan 45º = h - 50
of the pole is affixed at a point on the ground to keep x
the pole up right. If the wire makes an angle of 45º x = h - 50 ...(1)
with the horizontal through the foot of the pole, find
the length of the wire. [Use 2 = 1.414 ] and tan 60º = h
x
Sol : [Board Term-2 2016] 3 = h
x
Let OA be the electric pole and B be the point on the
ground to fix the pole. Let BA be x . x = h ...(2)
3
From (1) and (2) we have
h - 50 = h
3
3 h - 50 3 = h
3 h - h = 50 3
h ^ 3 - 1h = 50 3
50 ^3 + 3h
h = 50 3 =
3 -1 2
= 25 (3 + 3 )
In TABC we have,
= 75 + 25 3 = 118.25 m
sin 45º = AB Thus h = 118.25 m.
AC
1 = 10
AC 35. An aeroplane, when flying at a height of 4000 m from
2
the ground passes vertically above another aeroplane
AC = 10 2 = 10 # 1.414
at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two
= 14.14 m planes from the same point on the ground are 60º and
Hence, the length of wire is 14.14 m 45º respectively. Find the vertical distance between
the aeroplanes at that instant. (Use 3 = 1.73)
34. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
a 50 m high building from the top of a tower are Let the height first plane be AB = 4000 m and the
45º and 60º respectively. Find the height of the tower height of second plane be BC = x m. As per given in
and the horizontal distance between the tower and the question we have drawn figure below.
building. (Use 3 = 1.73)

Here AC is tower and DC is building.
Here +BDC = +45º and +BDA = 60º
In TCBD , x = tan 45º = 1 & x = y

y
and in TABD , 4000 = tan 60º = 3

y
y = 4000 3
3
= 2306.67 m
Thus vertical distance between two,
4000 - y = 4000 - 2306.67
= 1693.33 m
36. A 7 m long flagstaff is fixed on the top of a tower In TABP , tan 30º = AB
BP
standing on the horizontal plane. From point on the
1 = 75
ground, the angles of elevation of the top and bottom BP
3
of the flagstaff are 60º and 45º respectively. Find the
height of the tower correct to one place of decimal. BP = 75 3 m
(Use 3 = 1.73) In TABQ, tan 60º = AB
BQ
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. 3 = 75

BQ
Here AB is flagstaff and BC is tower.
BQ = 75 = 25 3
3
Distance between the two men,
PQ = BP + BQ = 75 3 + 25 3
= 100 3 = 100 # 1.73 = 173
PRACTICE
 Two men standing on opposite sides of a tower

measure the angles of elevation of he top of the
tower as 30c and 60c respectively. If the height of
the tower in 20 m, then find the distance between
the two men.
80
Ans : 3 3
x = tan 45º = 1 & x = y
y
x + 7 = tan 60º = 3 38. A boy, flying a kite with a string of 90 m long, which
x
is making an angle q with the ground. Find the height
7 = ^ 3 - 1h x of the kite. (Given tan q = 458 )
7 ^ 3 + 1h 7 (2.73) Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2014]
x = = = 9.6 m
2 2 Let A be the position of kite and AB be the string.
37. Two men on either side of a 75 m high building and
in line with base of building observe the angles of
elevation of the top of the building as 30º and 60º. Find
the distance between the two men. (Use 3 = 1.73 )
Let AB be the building and the two men are at P

and Q . As per given in question we have drawn figure
below.
Since tan q = 15 = AC = k where AB = h, BE = 10 3 m

8 BC
and +AEB = 60º
Let AC be 15k and BC be 8k . Now using Pythagoras
Theorem Thus tan 60º = AB
BE
AB = BC2 + AC2 3 = AB
10 3
= ^15k h2 + ^8k h2 = 17k
AB = 10 3 # 3 = 30 m
In TACB , AC = sin q
AB Thus height of hill AB + 10 = 40 m
AC = 15k = 15
90 17k 17 40. Two ships are approaching a light house from opposite
directions. The angle of depression of two ships from
AC = 15 # 90 = 79.41 m top of the light house are 30º and 45º. If the distance
17
Hence, height of kite is 79.41 m. between two ships is 100 m, Find the height of light-
house.
39. A man standing on the deck of a ship, which is 10 m Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014]
above water level, observes the angle of elevation of As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
the top of a hill as 60º and the angle of depression of Here AD is light house of height h and BC is the
the base of hill as 30º. Find the distance of the hill distance between two ships.
from the ship and the height of the hill.

Here AC is height of hill and man is at E . ED = 10
is height of ship from water level.
We have BC = 100 m
In TADC , tan 45º = h & h = x

x
In TABD, tan 30º = h
100 - x
1 = h
3 100 - x
100 - x = h 3
In TBCE, BC = EC = 10 m and 100 - h = h 3 h=x
+BEC = 30º 100 = h + h 3 = h ^1 + 3h

100
Now tan 30º = BC h =
BE 1+ 3
1 = 10 100 ^ 3 - 1h
=
^ 3 + 1h ^ 3 - 1h
3 BE #
BE = 10 3 100 ^ 3 - 1h
=
Since BE = CD , distance of hill from ship 3-1
CD = 10 3 m = 10 # 1.732 m = 50 ^ 3 - 1h = 50 ^1.732 - 1h
= 17.32 m = 50 # 0.732
Now in TABE , +AEB = 60º Thus height of light house is 36.60 m.
41. The horizontal distance between two poles is 15 m. Let height of tower CD be h and distance BC be x .
The angle of depression of the top of first pole as seen As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
from the top of second pole is 30c. If the height of the
first of the pole is 24 m, find the height of the second
pole. [ Use 3 = 1.732 ]
Let RS be first pole and PQ be second pole. As per

given in question we have drawn figure below.
In right TDBC , h = tan 60c

x
h = 3x ...(1)
In right TADC ,
h = tan 30c = 1
x + 20 3
3 h = x + 20 ...(2)
Substituting the value of h from eq. (1) in eq. (2),
we get
In right TPTR , 3x = x + 20
tan 30c = PT x = 10 m ...(3)

TR
1 = PT Thus AC = 20 + x = = 30 m.
3 15 and h = 3 # 10 = 10 3
PT = 15 = 5 3 = 5 # 1.732 = 8.66 = 10 # 1.732 = 17.32 m
3
PQ = PT + TQ = 8.66 + 24 = 32.66 m Hence, height of tower is 17.32 m and distance of
tower from point A is 30 m.
Thus height of the second pole is 32.66 m.
PRACTICE
PRACTICE
 A person observed the angle of elevation of the
 The horizontal distance between two towers is 60 top of a tower as 30c. He walked 50 m towards the
m. The angle of elevation of the top of the taller foot of the tower along level ground and found the
tower as seen from the top of the shorter one is angle of elevation of the top of the tower as 60c.
30º. If the height of the taller tower is 150 m, then Find the height of the tower.
find the height of the shorter tower. [Board Term-2 2012]
[Board Term-2 2015] Ans : 43.3 m
Ans :
43. The shadow of a tower at a time is three times as long

42. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a as its shadow when the angle of elevation of the sun
point A on the ground is 30c. On moving a distance is 60c. Find the angle of elevation of the sun at the of
of 20 metre towards the foot of the tower to a point B the longer shadow.
the angle of elevation increase to 60c. Find the height
of the tower and the distance of the tower from the
point A. Let AB be tower of height h , AC be the shadow at
elevation of sun of 60c. As per given in question we
have drawn figure below.
cot 60c = AB
BD
1 = AB
3 h + 1.6
AB = h + 1.6
3
...(1)
In right TABC ,
AB = cot 45c
BC
1 = AB
h
In right TBAC ,
AB = h ...(2)
AB = tan 60c
AC From (1) and (2), we get
h = 3 h = h + 1.6
x 3
h =x 3 h 3 = h + 1.6
In right TBAD , h 3 - h = 1.6
AB = tan q h ^ 3 - 1h = 1.6
AD
h = 1.6 = 1.6
h = tan q 3 -1 1.732 - 1
3x
= 1.6 = 2.185 m
x 3 = 1 = tan 30c 0.732
3x 3 Height of pedestal h is 2.2 m.
Thus q = 30c.
45. On a straight line passing through the foot of a tower,
44. A statue 1.6 m tall stands on the top of a pedestal. two C and D are at distance of 4 m and 16 m from
From a point on the ground the angle of elevation of the foot respectively. If the angles of elevation from
the top of the statue is 60c and from the same point C and D of the top of the tower are complementary,
the angle of elevation of the top of the pedestal is 45c then find the height of the tower.
. Find the height of the pedestal.
Let AB be tower of height h , C and D be the two
Let CD be statue of 1.6 m and pedestal BC of height point. As per given in question we have drawn figure
h . Let A be point on ground. As per given in question below.
Since +ACB and +ADB are complementary,

+ACB = q and +ADB = 90c - q
In right TABD , Now, in right TABC ,
tan q = AB = h ...(1) In right angled TEDB

BC 4
tan 30c = BE
In right TABD , ED
1 = h-8
tan ^90 - qh = AB = h x
BD 16 3
x = 3 ^h - 8h ...(2)
cot q = h
16
From (1) and (2), we get
tan q = 16 ...(2) h = 3h-8 3
h
From (1) and (2) we have 8 3 = 3h-h
h = 16
4 h h = 8 3 # 3 +1
3 -1 3 +1
h2 = 4 # 16 = 64 = 82 & h = 8 m = 4 3 ^ 3 + 1h = ^12 + 4 3 h m
Thus height of tower is 8 m. Since, x = h , x = ^12 + 4 3 h
Distance = ^12 + 4 3 h m
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS = 4 ^3 + 3h m
Hence the height of multi storey building is 4 ^3 + 3h
46. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of an m.
8 m tall building from top of a multi-storeyed building
are 30º and 45º, respectively. Find the height of multi- PRACTICE
storey building and distance between two buildings.
 The angle of depression of the top and bottom of
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2014] a building 50 metres high as observed from the
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. top of a tower are 30c and 45c respectively. Find
the height of the tower and also the horizontal
distance between the building and the tower.
Ans : 118.3 m
 From the top of a building 60 m high the angles

of depression of the top and the bottom of a tower
are observed to be 30c and 60c. Find the height
of the tower.
[Board Term-2 2011, 2012, OD 2014]
Ans : 40 m
Here AE = CD = 8 m 47. The angle of elevation of an aeroplane from a point

on the ground is 60º. After a flight of 30 seconds the
BE = AB - AE = ^h - 8h angle of elevation becomes 30º. If the aeroplane is
and AC = DE = x flying at a constant height of 3000 3 m, find the
speed of the aeroplane.
Also, +FBD = +BDE = 30c
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard, 2014]
+FBC = +BCA = 45c
In right angled TCAB we have Here
tan 45c = AB
AC
h
1 = & x=h ...(1)
x
Find the height of tree and width of the river.

Let CD be the tree of height h . Let A be the position

of person after moving 30 m away from point B on
bank of river. Let BC = x be the width of the river.
+AED = 60º, +BED = 30º

AD = BC = 3000 3 m
Let the speed of the aeroplane be x .
AB = DC # 30 # x = 30x m ...(1)
In right TAED, we have
tan 60º = AD
DE
3 = 3000 3 In right TDBC , h = tan 60c

DE x
DE = 3000 m ...(2) h = 3x ...(1)
In right TBEC, In right TADC ,
tan 30º = BC h = tan 30c = 1
EC x + 30 3
1 = 3000 3 3 h = x + 30 ...(2)
3 DE + CD
Substituting the value of h from eq. (1) in eq. (2),
DE + CD = 3000 # 3
we get
3000 + 30x = 9000
3x = x + 30
30x = 6000
x = 15 m ...(3)
x = 200 m/s
Thus h = 3 # 15 = 15 3
Hence, speed of plane is 200 m/s
= 15 # 1.732 = 25.98 m
= 200 # 18 = 720 km/hr Hence, height of tree is 25.98 m and width of river is
5
Hence, the speed of the aeroplane is 720 km/hr. 15 m.
PRACTICE
PRACTICE
 A person standing on the bank of a river, observes
 The angle of elevation of an aeroplane from a
that the angle of elevation of the top of the tree
point A on the ground is 60c. After a flight of
standing on the opposite bank is 60c. When he
15 seconds, the angle of elevation changed to 30c
retreats 20 m from the bank, he finds the angle of
. If the aeroplane is flying at a constant height of
elevation to be 30c. Find the height of the tree
1500 3 m, find the speed of the plane in km/hr.
and the breadth of the river.
Ans : 720 km/h
Ans : 17.3 m and 10 m
48. The person standing on the bank of river observes that  An observer finds the angle of elevation of the top
the angle of elevation of the top of a tree standing on of the tower from a certain point on the ground
opposite bank is 60c . When he moves 30 m away from as 30c. If the observer moves 20 m, towards the
the bank, he finds the angle of elevation to be 30c. base of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top
increase by 15c, find the height of the tower. elevation of the top of a tower is 30c and that
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] of the top of the flagstaff is 45c. If height of
Ans : 10 ^ 3 + 1h m flagstaff is 5 m, find the height of the tower.
Ûse 3 = 1.732h
[Board 2019 OD]
49. A vertical tower stands on horizontal plane and is Ans : 6.83 m

surmounted by a vertical flag-staff of height 6 m. At a
point on the ground, angle of elevation of the bottom
and top of the flag-staff are 30c and 45c respectively.  The angle of elevation of the top of a tower at a
Find the height of the tower. (Take 3 = 1.73 ) distance of 120 m from a point A on the ground
flagstaff fixed at the top of the tower, at A is
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] 60c, then find the height of the flagstaff. [Use
From the given information we have drawn the figure 3 = 1.73 ]
as below. [Board Term-2 OD 2014]
Ans : 87.6 m
50. From a point on the ground, the angles of elevation

of the bottom and the top of a tower fixed at the top
of a 20 m high building are 45c and 60c respectively.
Find the height of the tower.

the figure below. Here AB is the building and BD is
tower on building.
Here AD is a flagstaff and BD is a tower.

In TABC tan 45c = AB
BC
1 = h+6
BC
BC = h + 6 ...(1)
In TDBC , tan 30c = DB from (1)

BC
1 = h
3 h+6
h 3 = h+6
h ( 3 - 1) = 6
In TPAB , tan 45c = AB
6 6 3 +1 AP
h = = #
3 -1 3 -1 3 +1 1 = 20 & AP = 20 m
AP
6 ( 3 + 1)
=
2 In TPAD , tan 60c = AD = 20 + BD
AP 20
= 3 ( 3 + 1) = 3 (1.73 + 1)
3 = 20 + BD
= 3 # 2.73 20
= 8.19 m 20 + BD = 20 3
Thus height of tower is 8.19 m. BD = 20 3 - 20 = 20 ( 3 - 1)

= 20 (1.732 - 1)
PRACTICE
= 20 # 0.732 = 14.64 cm .
 From a point P on the ground, the angle of
Hence, height of the tower is 14.64 m.
PRACTICE
= (7 + 7 3 ) m
 From a point P on the ground, the angles of
= 7 (1 + 3) m
elevation of the top of a 10 m tall building and a
helicopter, hovering at some height vertically over = 7 (1 + 1.732) m
the top of the building are 30c and 60c respectively. = 7 # 2.732 m
Find the height of the helicopter above the
ground. = 19.124 m
[Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017] Hence height of tower is 19.12 m approximately.
Ans : 20 m
PRACTICE
 From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle

51. From the top of a 7 m high building the angle of of elevation of the top of a tower is 60c and the
elevation of the top of a tower is 60c and the angle of angle of depression of its foot is 45c. Find the
depression of its foot is 45c. Determine the height of height of the tower. (Use 3 = 1.732 )
the tower. [Board Term-2 Foreign 2013, 2017]
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] Ans : 19.124 m

Let AB be a building of height 7 m and CD be tower
of height CD . From the given information we have
drawn the figure as below. 52. Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite to
each other on either side of the road which is 80 m
wide. From a point P between them on the road, the
angle of elevation of the top of a pole is 60c and the
angle of depression from the top of the other pole of
point P is 30c. Find the heights of the poles and the
distance of the point P from the poles.
Let the distance between pole AB and point P be x .

Now CD = (7 + h)
Here distance between pole CD and P is 80 - x .
BD = AE = x In right angle triangle TABP , +APB = 30c
In TABD , tan 45c = AB tan 30c = h
BD x
1 = 7 & x = 7 cm h = x ...(1)
x
3
In TCEA , tan 60c = CE
In angle triangle TCDP ,
AE
3 =h & h =x 3 tan 60c = CD = CD
x CP CB - PB
Substituting the value of x , we get 3 = h
80 - x
h =7 3
h = 80 3 - x 3 ...(2)
Now, CD = CE + ED
Comparing (1) and (2) we have 4x = 240

x = 80 3 - x 3
x = 240 = 60 m
3 4
x = 80 # 3 - x # 3 Substituting this value of x in (1) we have
4x = 240
h = 60 = 20 3
3
x = 240 = 60 m
4 Hence, height of the pole is 34.64 m
Substituting this value of x in (1) we have
54. Amit, standing on a horizontal plane, find a bird
h = 60 = 20 3 = 34.64 m flying at a distance of 200 m from him at an elevation
3
of 30c. Deepak standing on the roof of a 50 m high
Hence, height of the pole AB and CD is 34.64 m
building, find the angle of elevation of the same bird
Distance of point P from pole AB is 20 m. to be 45c. Amit and Deepak are on opposite sides of
Distance of point P from pole CD is 60 m. the bird. Find the distance of the bird from Deepak.
53. Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite to Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
each other on either side of a road, which is 80 m As per given information in question we have drawn
wide. From a point between them on the road, angles the figure given below.
of elevation of their top are 30c and 60c. Find the
height of the poles and distance of point from poles.
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi, OD 2011]
Let the distance between pole AB and man E be x .

Let O be the position of the bird, A be the position

for Amit, D be the position for Deepak and FD be
the building at which Deepak is standing at height
50 m.
In TOLA , +L = 90c
sin 30c = OL
OA
Here distance between pole CD and man is 80 - x . 1 = OL & OL = 200 = 100 m
2 200 2
In right angle triangle TABE ,
OM = OL - LM
tan 30c = h
x = OL - FD
h = x ...(1) = (100 - 50) m = 50 m
3
In angle triangle TCDE , In TOMD , +M = 90c
tan 60c = h sin 45c = OM

80 - x OD
1 = 50
3 = h OD
80 - x 2
h = 80 3 - x 3 ...(2) OD = 50 2
Comparing (1) and (2) we have = 50 # 1.414 = 70.7 m

x = 80 3 - x 3 Thus, the distance of the bird from the Deepak is
3 70.7 m.
x = 80 # 3 - x # 3
PRACTICE 56. From the top of tower, 100 m high, a man observes
 A boy observes that the angle of elevation of a bird two cars on the opposite sides of the tower with the
flying at a distance of 100 m is 30c. At the same angles of depression 30c and 45c respectively. Find
distance from the boy, a girl finds the angle of the distance between the cars. (Use 3 = 1.73 )
elevation of the same bird from a building 20 m high Sol : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
is 45c. Find the distance of the bird from the girl.
Let DC be tower of height 100 m. A and B be two
car on the opposite side of tower. As per given in
Ans : 30 2 m question we have drawn figure below.
55. As observed from the top of a 100 m high light house

from the sea-level, the angles of depression of two
ships are 30c and 45c. If one ship is exactly behind
the other on the same side of the light house, find the
distance between the two ships [Use 3 = 1.732 ]
Sol : [Board 2018]
Let AB be the tower and ships are at points C and

D . As per question statement we have shown digram
below.
In right TADC ,
tan 30c = CD
AD
1 = 100
3 x
x = 100 3 ...(1)
In right TBDC ,
tan 45c = CD
Now in TABC we have DB
tan 45c = AB 1 = 100 & y = 100 m

AC y
AB = 1 & AB = BC Distance between two cars
AC
AB = AD + DB = x + y
Now in TABD we have
= ^100 3 + 100h
tan 30c = AB
BD = ^100 # 1.73 + 100h m
1 = AB
BC + CD = ^173 + 100h m = 273 m
3
1 = AB Hence, distance between two cars is 273 m.
3 AB + CD
AB + CD = 3 AB PRACTICE
CD = AB ( 3 - 1)  From the top of a 120 m high tower, a man

observes two cars on the opposite sides of the
= 100 # (1.732 - 1) = 73.2 m tower and in straight line with the base of tower
Distance between two ships is 73.2 m. with angles of repression as 60c and 45c. Find the
distance between two cars.
PRACTICE [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
 From a top of a building 100 m high the Ans : 189.28 m
angle of depression of two objects are on
the same side observed to be 45c and 60c
. Find the distance between the objects. 57. The angle of elevation of the top B of a tower AB
[Board Term-2 OD 2014] from a point X on the ground is 60c. At point Y ,
Ans : 100
3 ^3 - 3 h 40 m vertically above X , the angle of elevation of the
top is 45c. Find the height of the tower AB and the 58. A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and
distance XB . is surmounted by a flagstaff of height 5 m. From a
point on the ground the angles of elevation of top and
bottom of the flagstaff are 60c and 30c respectively.
Find the height of the tower and the distance of the
point from the tower. (take 3 = 1.732 )
Let AB be tower of height x and AC be flag staff of

height 5 m. As per given in question we have drawn
figure below.
In right TYCB , we have

tan 45c = BC
YC
1 = x
YC
YC = x = XA
In right TABP ,
In right TXAB we have AB = tan 30c
BP
tan 60c = AB
XA x = 1
y
3 = x + 40 3
x y = 3x ...(1)
3 x = x + 40
In right TCBP
x 3 - x = 40 x + 5 = tan 60c = 3 ...(2)
y
x = 40 # 3 + 1
3 -1 3 +1 Substituting the value of y from (1) we have
= 20 ^ 3 + 1h = 20 3 + 20 x+5 = 3
3x
Thus height of the tower,
x + 5 = 3x & x = 2.5 m
AB = x + 40
Height of tower is = 2.5 m
= 20 3 + 20 + 40
Distance of P from tower = ^2.5 # 1.732h or 4.33 m.
= 20 3 + 60 = 20 ^ 3 + 3h
In right TXAB we have, 59. Two post are k metre apart and the height of one is
double that of the other. If from the mid-point of the
sin 60c = AB line segment joining their feet, an observer finds the
BX
3 = AB angles of elevation of their tops to be complementary,
2 BX then find the height of the shorted post.
20 # 2 ^ 3 + 3h Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
BX = 2AB =
3 3 Let AB and CD be the two posts such that AB = 2CD
= 40 ^1 + 3 h . Let M be the mid-point of CA. As per given in
= 40 # 2.73 = 109.20
Car is at P at 30c and is at Q at 45c elevation.

Here +AQB = 45c
Now, in right TABQ we have,
tan 45c = AB
BQ
1 = h
BQ
BQ = h
Here CA = k, +CMD = q and +AMB = 90c - q In right TAPB we have,
Clearly, CM = MA = 1 k
2 tan 30c = AB
PB
Let CD = h . then AB = 2h 1 = h
AB = tan 90c - q 3 x+h
Now,
AM ^ h
x+h = h 3
2h = cot q
k x = h ^ 3 - 1h
2
4h = cot q ...(1) h ^ 3 - 1h
k Thus, Speed = m/min
12
Also in right TCMD , Time for remaining distance,
CD = tan q h
CM h ^ 3 - 1h 12
t = =
h = tan q
k
12 ^ 3 - 1h
2 12 ^ 3 + 1h 12 ^ 3 + 1h
2h = tan q = =
k
...(2) ^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h 3-1
12
= ^ 3 + 1h = 6 ^ 3 + 1h
Multiplying (1) and (2), we have 2
4h 2h = tan q cot q = 1 t = 6 # 2.73 = 16.38
k # k #
2 Hence, time taken by car is 16.38 minutes.
h2 = k
8 61. As observed from the top of a light house, 100 m high
h = k
=k 2 above sea level, the angles of depression of a ship,
2 2 4 sailing directly towards it, changes from 30c to 60c
60. A man on the top of a vertical tower observes a car . Find the distance travelled by the ship during the
moving at a uniform speed towards him. If it takes period of observation. (Use 3 = 1.73 )
12 min. for the angle of depression to change from Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
30c to 45c, how soon after this, the car will reach the Let AB be the light house of height 100 m. Let C and
tower ?
D be the position of ship at elevation 60c and 30c.
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2014] As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
Let AB be the tower of height h . As per given in
In right TABC we have Now in right TADB ,

AB = tan 60º AD = AC + CD = 6x + tx
BC
tan 30c = h
100 = 3 6x + tx
y
h = 6+t ...(1)
y = 100 x 3
3
In right TACB we have,
In right TABD, we have
AB = tan 30º tan 60c = h
tx
BD
100 = 1 3t = h ...(2)
x
x 3
From eqn. (1) and (2) we get
x = 100 3
Distance CD travelled by ship, 3t = 6+t
3
x - y = 100 3 - 100 m 3t = 6 + t
3
3 - 1 2t = 6 & t = 3
= 100 ; = 100 # 2
3 E 3 Hence, car takes 3 seconds.
= 200 = 200 3
3 3 63. Two points A and B are on the same side of a tower
and in the same straight line with its base. The angle
= 200 # 1.73 = 3.46 m
3 3 of depression of these points from the top of the tower
= 115.33 m are 60c and 45c respectively. If the height of the tower
is 15 m, then find the distance between these points.
62. A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. A Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
man standing on its top observes a car at an angle
Let CD be the tower of height 15 m. Let A and B
of depression of 30c, which is approaching the foot of
point on same side of tower As per given in question
the tower with a uniform speed. 6 seconds later, the
angle of depression of the car becomes 60c. Find the
time taken by the car to reach the foot of tower from
this point.
Let AB be the tower of height h . Let point C and D

be location of car. As per given in question we have
drawn figure below.
In right TDCA we have

DC = tan 60c
CA
15 = 3
x
Let the speed of car be x . x = 15 = 5 3
Thus distance covered in 6 sec = 6x . 3
Hence DC = 6x In right TDCB we have
DC = tan 45c
Let distance (remaining) CA covered in t sec.
CB
CA = tx
15 = 1 65. The angle of depression of two ships from an aeroplane

x+y flying at the height of 7500 m are 30c and 45c. if both
x + y = 15 the ships are in the same that one ship is exactly
behind the other, find the distance between the ships.
5 3 + y = 15
y = 15 - 5 3
Let A, C and D be the position of aeroplane and two
= 5 ^3 - 3h m ship respectively. Aeroplane is flying at 7500 m height
Hence, the distance between points = 5 ^3 - 3h m from point B . As per given in question we have drawn
figure below.
64. From the top of a hill, the angle of depression of two
consecutive kilometre stones due east are found to be
45c and 30c respectively. Find the height of the hill.
[Use 3 = 1.73 ]
Let AB be the hill of height h . Angle of depression

from point D and C are given 30c and 45c respectively.
In right TABC we have

AB = tan 45c
BC
7500 = 1
y
y = 7500 ...(1)
In right TABD we have
AB = tan 30c
In right TABC we have BD
AB = tan 45c 7500 = 1
AC x+y 3
h =1 & h =x x + y = 7500 3 ...(2)
x
In right TABD we have Substituting the value of y from (1) in (2) we have
AB x + 7500 = 7500 3
= tan 30c
AC + CD
x = 7500 3 - 7500
h = 1
x + 1000 3 = 7500 ^ 3 - 1h
h 3 = h + 1000 = 7500 ^1.73 - 1h
h ^ 3 - 1h = 1000 = 7500 # 0.73 = 5475 m
1000 ^ 3 + 1h Hence, the distance between two ships is 5475 m.
h = 1000 =
3 -1 ^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h
An aeroplane is flying at a height of 300 m above the
1000 ^ 3 + 1h
66.
= ground. Flying at this height the angle of depression
3-1
from the aeroplane of two points on both banks of
= 500 ^ 3 + 1h = 500 ^1.73 + 1h a respectively. Find the width of the river. River in
= 500 # 2.73 = 1365 opposite direction are 45c and 60c.
Hence height of the hill is 1365 m. Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
Let A be helicopter flying at a height of 300 m above

the point O on ground. Let B and C be the bank of Here A is cloud and Al is refection of cloud.
river. As per given in question we have drawn figure In right TAOP we have
below.
tan 30c = PA
OP
1 = H - 120
3 OP
OP = ^H - 120h 3 ...(1)
In right TOPA' we have
tan 60c = PAl

OP
3 = + 120
H
OP
Let BO be x and OC be y .
OP = H + 120 ...(2)
In right TAOC we have 3
AO = tan 45c From (1) and (2), we get
OC
H + 120 = 3 H - 120
300 = 1 & y = 300 ^ h
3
y
In right TAOB we have H + 120 = 3 ^H - 120h
AO = tan 60c H + 120 = 3H - 360

BO 2H = 480 & H = 240
300 = 3
x Thus height of cloud is 240 m.
x 3 = 300 & x = 300 = 100 3 PRACTICE

3
 An angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 60 m
BC = y + x = 300 + 100 3
above the surface of the water of a lake is 30c and
= 300 + 100 # 1.732 = 473.2 m the angle of depression of its shadow in water is
60c. Find the height of the cloud from the surface
Hence, the width of river is 473.2 m.
of water.
67. The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 120 m [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]
above a lake is 30c and the angle of depression of its Ans : 120 m
reflection in the lake is 60c. Find the height of the
cloud.
 At a point A, 20 metre above the level of water
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2012] in a lake, the angle of elevation of a cloud is 30c
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. . The angle of depression of the reflection of the
cloud in the lake, at A is 60c. Find the distance
of the cloud from A ?
Ans : 40 m
68. The tops of two towers of height x and y , standing

on level ground, subtend angles of 30c and 60c
respectively at the centre of the line joining their feet,
then find x : y .
Let AB be the tower of height x and CD be the

tower of height y . Angle of depressions of both tower
at centre point M are given 30c and 60c respectively.
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. In 3600 sec distance travelled by plane = 648000 m
In 10 sec distance travelled by plane = 648000 # 10

3600
= 1800 m
In right TABC, we have
h = tan 60º = 3
x
h =x 3 ...(1)
In right TADE we have
h = tan 30º = 1
Here M is the centre of the line joining their feet. x + 1800 3
Let BM = MD = z h = x + 1800 ...(2)
3
In right TABM we have,
From equations (1) and (2), we get
x = tan 30c
z x 3 = x + 1800
3
x = z# 1 3x = x + 1800
3
In right TCDM we have, 2x = 1800
y x = 900 m
= tan 60c
z
h = x 3 = 900 # 1.732 = 1558.5 m
y = z# 3
Thus height of jet is 1558.8 m.
1 70. From the top of a tower of height 50 m, the angles of
x = z# 3
y depression of the top and bottom of a pole are 30c
z# 3
and 45c respectively. Find :
x =1
y 3 (1) How far the pole is from the bottom of the tower,
(2) The height of the pole. (Use 3 = 1.732 )
Thus x :y = 1:3
69. The angle of elevation of a jet fighter point A on ground Let AB be the tower of height 50 m and CD be the
is 60c. After flying 10 seconds, the angle changes to pole of height h . From the top of a tower of height
30c. If the jet is flying at a speed of 648 km/hour, find 50 m, the angles of depression of the top and bottom
the constant height at which the jet is flying. of a pole are 30c and 45c respectively. As per given in
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] question we have drawn figure below.
Let C and D are the point of location of jet at height
h . Point B and E are foot print on ground of get at
thee location. As per given in question we have drawn
figure below.
In right TABD we have,

tan 45c = AB = 1 . Find the speed of the boat in metres per minute.
BD 6Use 3 = 1.732@
1 = 50 & x = 50 m Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
x
(1) Thus distance of pole from bottom of tower is As per given information in question we have drawn
50 m. the figure below.
Now in TAMC we have
tan 30c = AM = AM
MC x
AM = 50 or 28.87 m.
3
(2) Height pole h = CD = BM
= 50 - 28.87 = 21.13 m.
71. The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is

Here D is first position and A is position after 2
found to be 40 m longer when the Sun’s altitude is
minutes.
30c, then when it is 60c. Find the height of the tower.
Height of the light house,
Let AB be the tower of height h . Let BC be the BC = 100 m

shadow at 60c and BD be shadow at 30c. From TDBC , +B = 90c
So, tan 60c = BC
BD
3 = 100
BD
BD = 100 m
3
Now, after time 2 minute boat is at A. New distance
from light house is AB and angle is 30c.
From TABC , +B = 90c
So, tan 30c = BC

AB
1 = 100
In right TABC we get, AB
3
tan 60c = AB AB = 100 3
BC
Therefore, distance d travelled in 2 min,
3 =h &h = 3x
x AD = AB - DB = 100 3 - 100
In right TABD we have, 3
AB = 173.2 - 100 3
tan 30c = 3
BC + 40
1 = h = 173.2 - 57.73
3 x + 40 = 115.47 m
x + 40 = 3 h = 3 # 3 x = 3x
Speed s = d = 115.47 m
40 = 2x & x = 20 m t 2 min
= 57.74 m/ min
h = 3 # 20 = 20 3 m
Hence, going away from the light house with a speed
Thus height of tower is 20 3 m. of 57.74 m/ min .
72. A man in a boat rowing away from a light house PRACTICE
100 m high takes 2 minutes to change the angle of
 A moving boat observed from the top of a 150 m
elevation of the top of the light house from 60c to 30c
high cliff moving away from the cliff. The angle of 60c, then find the height of the candle.
depression of the boat changes from 60c to 45c in
2 minutes. Find the speed of the boat.
Ans : 32 ^3 - 3 h km/hr.
73. A bird sitting on the top of a 80 m high tree. From a

point on the ground, the angle of elevation of
the bird is 45c. The bird flies away horizontally
in such a way that it remained at a constant
height from the ground. After 2 seconds, the
angle of elevation of the bird from the same point is
30c. Find the speed of flying of the bird. (Take If the angles of elevation of the top of the candle from
3 = 1.732 ) two coins distant ‘a’ cm and ‘b’ cm â 2 b h from its
base and in the same straight line from it are 30c and
60c, then find the height of the candle.
Let CD be the tree of height 80 m and bird is sitting
Sol : [Board SQP Standard 2021]
at D . Point O on ground is reference point from
where we observe bird. As per given in question we Let AB be the candle of height h . Let C and D be
have drawn figure below. two points at distance b cm and a cm from the base
of the candle. As per given condition we have shown
the figure below.
In right AOB we have

tan 45c = 80
y Now BC = b and BD = a
y = 80
BC
In right DOC we have
3 =h
tan 30c = 80 b
x+y
h = 3b ...(1)
1 = 80
3 x+y In TABD , tan 30c = AB
BD
x + y = 80 3
1 =h
x = 80 3 - y = 80 3 - 80 3 a
= 80 ^ 3 - 1h = 58.4 m. h = a ...(2)
3
Hence, speed of bird = 58.4 = 29.2 m From equation (1) and (2), we have
2
h2 = 3 b # a
74. If the angles of elevation of the top of the candle from 3
two coins distant a cm and b cm â 2 b h from its h2 = ab & h = ab
Hence, height of candle is ab cm.
75. A 1.2 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS
wind in a horizontal line at a height 88.2 m from the
ground. The angle of elevation of the balloon from the
eyes of the girl at any instant is 60c.After sometime, 76. From his hotel room window on the fourth floor,
the angle of elevation reduces 30c.Find the distance Ranjan notices some window washers high above him
travelled by the balloon during the interval. on the hotel across the street.
Sol : [Board SQP Basic 2021]
Let E be the initial position of the balloon and F be

final position be F . Curious as to their height above ground, he quickly
Height of balloon above the girl height estimates the buildings are 60 m apart, the angle of
elevation to the workers is about 60c , and the angle
= 88.2 - 1.2 = 87 m
of depression to the base of the hotel is about 30c .
(i) How high above ground is the window of Ranjan’s
hotel room?
(ii) How high above ground are the workers?
Sol :
Let h1 be the height of Ranjan window from ground
and h2 be height of window washers from Ranjan. We
In right triangle TEAG ,

tan 60c = EG
AG
AG = 87 = 87 # 3 = 29 3
3 3 3
In right triangle TFAC ,
tan 30c = FC
AC
1 = 87
ÊC = FC h
3 AC
AC = 87 3
Now, distance travelled by the balloon
GC = AC - AG
Here tan 30c = h 1
= 87 3 - 29 3 60
= 3 ^87 - 29h 1 = h1
3 60
Thus GC = 58 3 m
h 1 = 60 = 20 3
3
= 20 # 1.732 = 34.64 m
Now tan 60c = h 2

60
3 = h2
60
h 2 = 60 3
= 60 # 1.732 = 103.92 m
Height of workers from ground,

h 1 + h 2 = 34.64 + 103.92
Now tan 45c = h
240
= 138.56 m
1 = h
(i) Window of Ranjan hotel is 34.64 meter above 240
ground. h = 240 m
(ii) Workers are 138.64 meter above the ground. Let d be the distance of car wreck from he centre of
base of the statue. We draw a diagram of the situation
77. Statue of Unity : It is a colossal statue of Indian as shown below.
statesman and independence activist Sardar Vallabh
bhai Patel, who was the first Deputy Prime Minister
and Home minister of independent India.
Now tan 30c = d

h
1 = d
3 240
d = 240 = 80 3
3
= 80 # 1.732 = 138.56 m
Patel was highly respected for his leadership in uniting (i) The height of statue is 240 m.
the 562 princely states of India to form the single (ii) Accident is 138.56 metre away from the centre of
Union of India. It is located in the state of Gujarat statue.
and it is the world’s tallest statue.
(i) For a person standing 240 m from the center of 78. Eiffel Tower : The Eiffel Tower is a landmark and
the base of the statue, the angle of elevation to the an early example of wrought-iron construction on
top of the statue is 45c . How tall is the statue? a gigantic scale. The lower section consists of four
(ii) A cop in helicopter near the top of the statue, immense arched legs set on masonry piers. The legs
notices a car wreck some distance from the statue. curve inward until they unite in a single tapered
If the angle of depression from the cop’s eyes to tower. Platforms, each with an observation deck, are
the wreck is 60c , how far away is the accident at three levels; on the first is also a restaurant.
from the centre of base of the statue? The tower, constructed of about 7000 tons of iron, has
stairs and elevators. A meteorological station, a radio
Sol :
communications station, and a television transmission
Let h be the height of statue. We draw a diagram of antenna, as well as a suite of rooms that were used by
the situation as shown below. Eiffel are located near the top of the tower.
Now tan 60c = h

d2
(i) For a person standing 324 m from the center of
the base of the Eiffel Tower, the angle of elevation 3 = 324
d2
to the top of the tower is 45c . How tall is the 324
d2 = = 324 # 3
Eiffel Tower? 3 3
(ii) A car is moving at uniform speed towards the = 108 3 m
Eiffel tower. It takes 15 minutes for the angle of
Now d1 = d - d2
depression from the top of tower to the car to
change from 30c to 60c . After how much time = 324 3 - 108 3 = 216 3
after this, the car will reach the base of the tower? Here d2 = 12 d1 . Thus time to cover d2 is half of time to
Sol : cover d1 which is 152 = 7.5 min .
Let h be the height of Eiffel tower. We draw a diagram (i) Height of Eiffel tower is 324 m.
of the situation as shown below. (ii) After 7.5 minute, the car will reach the base of the
tower.
79. From the observation deck of a seaside building 200 m

high, Jignesh sees two fishing boats in the distance.
The angle of depression to the nearer boat is 60c
while for the boat farther away the angle is 45c .
(i) How far out to sea is the nearer boat?
(ii) How far apart are the two boats?
Now tan 45c = h

324
1 = h
324
h = 324 m
Let d be the initial distance of car from Eiffel tower.
At this point A the angle of depression of car from
top of tower is 30c . After 15 minute car reaches at
point B. At this point the angle of depression of car
from top of tower is 60c . We draw a diagram of the
Sol :
Now tan 30c = h
d Let d1 be the distance of nearer boat from sea and d2
1 = 324 be the distance between two boat. We draw a diagram
3 d of the situation as shown below.
d = 324 3 m
Now tan 30c = 25

d
1 = 25
3 d
d = 3 # 25
= 1.732 # 25 = 43.3 m
Now tan 60c = 150
d1 Thus Sarthak is 43.3 meter away from light house.
3 = 150
d1
81. On a warm and lazy Saturday, Rishi is watching a
d1 = 150 = 50 3 county maintenance crew mow the park across the
3
street. He notices the mower takes 16 sec to pass
= 50 # 1.732 = 86.6 m
through 60c of rotation from one end of the park to
Now tan 45c = 150 the other.
d1 + d2
1 = 150
d1 + d2
d1 + d2 = 150
Substituting value of d1 we have
86.6 + d2 = 150
d2 = 150 - 86.6 = 63.4 m
(i) Thus distance of nearer boat from seaside is 86.6 m
(ii) Both boat are 63.4 m apart.
80. While doing some night fishing, Sarthak round a

peninsula and a tall light house comes into view.
Taking a sighting, Sarthak find the angle of elevation
to the top of the lighthouse is 30c . If the lighthouse
is known to be 25 m tall, how far from the lighthouse
is Sarthak ?
If the corner of the park is 40 meter directly across the
street from his house,
(i) How wide is the park?
(ii) How fast (in kmph) does the mower travel as it
cuts the grass?
Sol :
Let w be the width of park and s be the speed of
mower. We draw a diagram of the situation as shown
below.
(i) Now tan 60c = w
40
Sol : 3 = w
40
Let d be distance between Sarthak and lighthouse. w = 3 # 40
= 1.732 # 40 = 69.28 m
Sol :
Let d be the distance between his hidden position
on road and a road sign We draw a diagram of the
(ii) Speed of mower
s = d = w = 69.28
t t 16
= 4.33 m/ sec
Now tan 60c = d
= 4.33 # 3.6 kmph 50
3 = d
= 15.6 kmph 50
(i) Width of park is 69.28 meter d = 50 # 3
(ii) Mower travels by 15.6 kmph. = 50 # 1.732 = 86.6 m
82. Speed Limit Enforcement : Rajendra works in traffic (i) Speed of 18-wheeler
police and manage traffic on highway. His van is s 1 = d = 86.6
having radar detection equipment. He takes up a t1 8
hidden position 50 meter from the highway. Using a = 10.825 m/ sec
sighting device he finds the angle between his position
= 10.825 # 3600 km/h
and a road sign in the distance is 60c . 1000
= 38.97 km/h
(ii) Speed of truck,
s 2 = d = 86.6
t2 6
= 14.43 m/ sec
= 14.43 # 3.6 km/h
= 51.96 km/h
(iii) Speed of car,
s 3 = d = 86.6
t3 4
= 21.65 m/ sec
= 21.65 # 3.6 km/h
= 77.94 km/h
He then uses a stop watch to determine how long it
takes a vehicle to pass her location and reach the road 83. Rainbow: While visiting the Mount Abu in Rajasthan,
sign. In quick succession—an 18-wheeler, a truck, Taniya and Lavanya see a spectacularly vivid rainbow
and a car pass her position, with the time each takes arching over the lake. Taniya speculates the rainbow
to travel this distance noted. Find the speed of each is 250 m away, while Lavanya estimates the angle
vehicle in miles per hour if of elevation to the highest point of the rainbow is
(i) the 18-wheeler takes 8 sec, about 60c . What was the approximate height of the
(ii) the truck takes 6 sec, rainbow?
(iii) the car takes 4 sec.
(ii) How far below the pinnacle of the tower is the

restaurant located?
Sol :
Let h1 be the height of tower from ground and h2 be
height of restaurant from ground. We draw a diagram
of the situation as shown below.
Sol :
Let h be height of rainbow. We draw a diagram of the
Now tan 60c = h 1

208
3 = h1
208
tan 60c = h
250 h 1 = 208 # 3
3 = h = 208 # 1.73 = 360 m
250
h = 250 # 3
Now, tan 45c = h 2
= 250 # 1.173 = 432.5 m 208
1 = h2
Thus height of rainbow is 432.5 meter. 208
h 2 = 208 m
84. CN Tower : The tallest free-standing tower in the (i) Height of CN Tower is 360 meter
world is the CN Tower in Toronto, Canada. The tower
(ii) Restaurant is 360 - 208 = 152 m below from top
includes a rotating restaurant high above the ground.
of tower.
85. Height of Cloud Cover : To measure the height of the

cloud cover at an airport, a worker shines a spotlight
upward at an angle 45c from the horizontal. An
observer 600 m away measures the angle of elevation
to the spot of light to be 30c . Find the height of the
cloud cover.
From a distance of 208 meter the angle of elevation to

the pinnacle of the tower is 60c . The angle of elevation
to the restaurant from the same vantage point is 45c .
(i) How tall is the CN Tower?
Sol : Sol :
Let h be the height of cloud cover. We draw a diagram We redraw the given diagram as shown below.
of the situation as shown below.
Now tan 30c = h

d1
1 = h & d = 3h
1
3 d1
h Now tan f = h
Now tan 45c = d
d2
d = h
1 = h & d2 = h tan f
d2
Now tan q = - x = h -
h x
Now d1 + d2 = 600 d h
tan f
(h - x) tan f
Substituting d1 and d2 we have =
h
3 h + h = 600 h tan q = h tan f - x tan f
( 3 + 1) h = 600 h tan q - h tan f = - x tan f
600 = 600 ( 3 - 1) h tan f - h tan q = x tan f

h =
3 +1 3-1 h (tan f - tan q) = x tan f
= 300 (1.732 - 1)
x tan f
h =
= 300 # 0.732 = 219.6 m tan f - tan q
Thus height of cloud cover is 219.6 m 87. Distance Measuring Equipment : DME is standard
avionic equipment on a commercial airplane. This
86. Use the diagram given to derive a formula for the equipment measures the distance from a plane to a
height h of the taller building in terms of the height radar station. If the distance from a plane to a radar
x of the shorter building and the ratios for tan q and station is 200 km and the angle of depression is 30c ,
tan f . find the ground distance from a point directly below
the plane to the radar station.
Sol : Using a homemade transit, they sight an angle of

Let d be the distance from a point directly below the depression of 60c to the bottom of the north face, and
plane to the radar station. We draw a diagram of the angles of elevation of 30c and 45c to the climbers and
situation as shown below. top of the northern rim respectively.
(i) How high is the southern rim of the canyon?
(ii) How high is the northern rim?
(iii) How much farther until the climber reaches the
top?
Sol :
Let h1 be the height of southern rim of the canyon
from ground and h2 be the height of the northern rim
from southern rim. Let h3 be the height of climbers on
northern rim from southern rim. We draw a diagram
cos 30c = d of the situation as shown below.
200
3 = d
2 200
d = 100 3
= 100 # 1.732 = 173.2 km
The ground distance from a point directly below the
plane to the radar station is 173.2 meter.
88. Height of a Climber : Himalayan Trekking Club has

just hiked to the south rim of a large canyon, when
they spot a climber attempting to scale the taller
northern face. Knowing the distance between the
sheer walls of the northern and southern faces of the
canyon is approximately 150 meter, they attempt to
compute the distance remaining for the climbers to
reach the top of the northern rim.
For h1 , tan 60c = h1

150
3 = h1
150
h1 = 150 # 3
= 150 # 1.732 = 259.8 m
For h2 , tan 45c = h2

150
1 = h2
150
h2 = 150 m
h3
For h3 , tan 30c =
150
1 h
= 3
3 150
150 =
h3 = 50 3
3
= 50 # 1.732 = 86.6 m
h2 - h3 = 150 - 86.6 = 63.4 m 20 (1.732 + 1)

=
(i) h1 = 259.8 metre is the height of the south rim. 2
= 10 # 2.732 = 27.32 m
(ii) h1 + h2 = 259.8 + 150 = 409.8 metre is the height
of the north rim. (i) The height of space shuttle is 27.32 m.
(iii) Climbers have to go h2 - h3 = 63.4 m to the top. (ii) The distance of point A from space shuttle is
27.32 m because h = d
89. An observer notes that the angle of elevation from
point A to the top of a space shuttle is 45c . From a 90. Height of a Building : A surveyor determines that
point 20 meters further from the space shuttle, the the angle of elevation from a transit to the top of
angle of elevation is 30c . a building is 30c . The transit is positioned 2 meter
above ground level and 30 meter from the building.
(i) Find the height of the space shuttle.
Find the height of the building.
(ii) Find the distance of point A from space shuttle.
Sol :
Let h be the height of space shuttle and d be the Sol :
distance from point A and space shuttle. We draw a Let h be the height of building from transit. We draw
diagram of the situation as shown below. a diagram of the situation as shown below.
Now tan 45c = h

d
1 =h &h=d tan 30c = h
d 30
Now tan 30c = h 1 = h
d + 20 30
3
Substituting h = d in above equation,
h = 30
1 = h 3
3 h + 20
= 10 3
h + 20 = 3 h
= 10 # 1.732 = 17.32 m
20 = h ( 3 - 1) Since transit is 2 meter high from ground, height of
20 20 ( 3 + 1) building from ground is 17.32 + 2 = 19.32 m
h = =
3 -1 3-1
91. Width of a Lake : The angle of depression to one side 92. Height of a Pyramid : The angle of elevation to the top
of a lake, measured from a balloon 300 meter above of the Egyptian pyramid of Cheops is 30c measured
the lake as shown in the accompanying figure, is 45c from a point 50 meter from the base of the pyramid.
. The angle of depression to the opposite side of the The angle of elevation from the base of a face of the
lake is 30c . pyramid is 60c .
(i) Find the width of the lake.
(ii) Find the ground distance of balloon from sides of
lake.
Sol :
(i) Find the height of the Cheops pyramid.
Let w be the width of lake. We draw a diagram of
(ii) Find the side of base of pyramid.
the situation as shown below. Here d1 and d2 are the
ground distance from balloon to the sides of lake. Sol :
Let h be the height of pyramid from centrer of base
and 2a be the side of base of pyramid. We draw a
Now tan 45c = 300

d1
1 = 300 Now tan 60c = h
d1 a
d 1 = 300 m 3 =h
a
a = h
Now tan 30c = 300 3
d2
1 = 300 Now tan 30c = h
a + 50
3 d2
1 = h
d 2 = 300 3 m 3 a + 50
d 2 = 300 # 1.732 = 519.6 m a + 50 = 3 h
h
w = d1+ d 2 Substituting a = we have
3
= 300 + 519.6 = 819.6 m h + 50 = 3 h
(i) Width of lake is 819.6 m. 3
h + 50 3 = 3h
(ii) Ground distance of sides from balloon are 300
meter and 519.6 m. 50 3 = 2h
h = 25 3
= 25 # 1.732 = 43.3 m
2a = h = 25 3 = 25 m
3 3
(i) Height of pyramid is 43.3 m.
(ii) Side of pyramid is 2x = 25 # 2 = 50 m.
93. Washington Monument : The Washington Monument

is a large, tall, white obelisk near the west part of
the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It was built
to remember George Washington, who was the first
President of the United States. It is the tallest stone Now tan 45c = h
d
structure in the world 1 =h
d
d =h
Now tan 30c = h

d + 125
1 = h
3 d + 125
d + 125 = 3 h
Substituting d = h we have
h + 125 = 3h
125 = h ( 3 - 1)
h = 125 = 125 ( 3 + 1)
3 -1 3-1
125 (2.732)
= = 170.75 m
2
Height of Washington Monument is 170.75 m.
94. Fire towers : Two fire towers are 4 kilometres apart,

where tower is due west of tower. A fire is spotted
from the towers, and the angle of fire sight from tower
is shown below. Find the distance of the fire from the
line segment.
From a point A on a line from the base of the

Washington Monument, the angle of elevation to the
top of the monument is 45c . From a point 125 m away
from A and on the same line, the angle to the top is
30c . Find the height of the Washington Monument.
Sol :
Let h be the height of Washington Monument and
d be distance of point A from the base of the
Washington Monument. We draw a diagram of the
Sol :
Let d be the distance of the fire from the line segment.
We draw a diagram of the situation as shown below. So she stands at point A facing the pole and finds the
angle of elevation from point A to the top of the pole
to be 30c . Then she turns 90° and walks 15 metre to
point B, where she measures the angle between her
path and a line from B to the base of the pole. She
finds that angle is 60c . Find the height of the pole.
Sol :
Let h be the height of the pole and d be the ground
distance between point A and pole. We draw a
Now tan 30c = d

d1
1 = d & d = 3d
1
3 d1
Now tan 60c = d
d2
3 = d & d2 = d
d2 3
Now +
d1 d2 = 4 km
Substituting d1 and d2 we have
d =
3d+ 4
3
3d + d =
4
3 3
4d =
4
3
4 3
d = 4 = 3 = 1.732 km
The distance of the fire from the line segment is
1.732 km.
95. Flag Pole : Figure given below is a diagram that shows

how Varsha estimates the height of a flagpole. She Now tan 60c = d
15
can’t measure the distance between herself and the 3 = d
flagpole directly because there is a fence in the way. 15
d = 15 3
Now tan 30c = h

d
1 = h
3 15 3
h = 15 m
Thus height of pole is 15 m.
96. Height of a Door : From a point on the floor the angle

of elevation to the top of a door is 30°, while the angle
of elevation to the ceiling above the door is 60°. The
ceiling is 6 metre above the floor.
(i) What is the vertical dimension of the door ?
(ii) Find the distance of the point from door.
The sonar of a navy cruiser detects a sub marine that

Sol : is 1234 meter from the cruiser. The angle between the
water line and the submarine is 30°. How deep is the
Let h be the height of the door and d be the distance
submarine?
of door from the point. We draw a diagram of the
situation as shown below. Sol :
Let d be depth of submarine. We draw a diagram of
the situation as shown below.
Now sin 30c = d

1234
1 = d
Now tan 60c = 6 2 1234
d
1234
3 =6 d =
2
= 617 m
d
Thus submarine is 617 m below from the level of sea.
d = 6 = 2 3m
3
98. Drawbridge : A drawbridge is a bridge that can be
= 2 # 1.732 = 3.564 m
moved in order to stop or allow passage across it.
Now tan 30c = h Modern drawbridges are often built across large, busy
d waterways. They can be lifted to allow large ships to
1 = h
pass or lowered to allow land vehicles or pedestrians
3 2 3
to cross.
h = 2m
(i) The vertical dimension of the door is 2 meter.
(ii) The distance of the point from door is 3.564 m.
97. Sonar : It is a machine that uses underwater sound

waves to find other objects in the sea. A sonar can
work by sending out sound and listening for echoes
(active sonar), like a radar, or by listening for sound
made by the object it is trying to find.
A drawbridge is 60 metre long when stretched across
a river. As shown in the figure, the two sections of the
bridge can be rotated upward through an angle of 30c . 99. Water Tower : A water tower is a building that is used
(i) If the water level is 5 metre below the closed to hold and give out water. It is almost always built
bridge, find the height h between the end of a on a high place. It works because a pump gives water
section and the water level when the bridge is to the tower, and gravity makes the saved water go
fully open. out to the places that need water. Those places are
(ii) How far apart are the ends of the two sections connected to the tower by pipes. A water tower is
when the bridge is fully opened, as shown in the good when there is no power because it uses gravity
figure? to send out the water.
Sol :
It may be easily seen that length of each section
of bridge is 602 = 30 m. We draw a diagram of the
situation as shown below. Let h be height between
the end of a section and the water level, when bridge
is fully opened. Let d be distance between the end of
a section, when bridge is fully opened.
A water tower is located 60 meter from a building

(see the figure). From a window in the building, an
observer notes that the angle of elevation to the top
of the tower is 60c and that the angle of depression to
the bottom of the tower is 30c .
(i) How tall is the tower?
(ii) How high is the window?
Sol :
y
Now sin 30c = Let h1 be the height of top of tower from window
30
1 y and h2 be height of window from ground. We draw a
2 = 30 diagram of the situation as shown below.
y = 30 = 15 m
2
h = y + 5 = 15 + 5 = 20 m
Now cos 30c = x
30
3 x
2 = 30
x = 30 3 = 15 3 m
2
d = 60 - x - x
= 60 - 15 3 - 15 3
= 60 - 30 3 = 30 (2 - 3 )
= 30 (2 - 1.732)
= 30 # 0.268 = 8.04 m
(i) When the bridge is fully open, height is 20 meter Now tan 60c = h1
60
between the end of a section and the water level. 3 = h1
(ii) When the bridge is fully opened the ends of the 60
two sections are 8.04 metre apart. h1 = 60 # 3
= 60 # 1.732 m point. The point P is at a distance of 24 m from the

base of the building.
= 103.56 m
(i) What is the height of the building logo from
Now tan 30c = h2 ground ?
60
1 = h2 (ii) What is the height of the building from ground ?
3 60
(iii) What is the aerial distance of the point P from
h2 = 60 = 20 3 the top of the building ?
3
= 20 # 1.732 m (iv) If the point of observation P is moved 9 m
towards the base of the building, then the angle
= 34.64 m of elevation q of the logo on building is given by
Height of tower, h = h1 + h 2 (a) tan q = 3 (b) tan q = 2
3
= 103.56 + 34.64
(c) tan q = 1 (d) tan q = 8 3
= 138.56 m 2 15
(i) Tower is 138.56 m tall. (v) In above case the angle of elevation f of the top
(ii) Height of the window is 103.56 meter. of building is given by
(a) tan f = 1.6 (b) tan f = 1.5
100. Clinometer : A clinometer is a tool that is used to
(c) tan f = 0.75 (d) tan f = 0.8
measure the angle of elevation, or angle from the
ground, in a right - angled triangle. We can use a Sol :
clinometer to measure the height of tall things that (i) As per question statement we have shown the
you can’t possibly reach to the top of, flag poles, digram below.
buildings, trees.
The height of the building logo from ground is AB

. Here C is top of building and AC is height of
Ravish got a clinometer from school lab and started building.
the measuring elevation angle in surrounding. He saw
a building on which society logo is painted on wall of In TPAB , tan 30c = AB
PA
building. 1 = AB
3 24
AB = 24 # 3 = 8 3 m
3 3
(ii) The height of the building from ground is AC .
In TAPC , tan 45c = AC
AP
1 = AC
24
AC = 24 m
(iii) In TAPC ,
From a point P on the ground level, the angle of
elevation of the roof of the building is 45c. The angle cos 45c = AP
AC
of elevation of the centre of logo is 30c from same
1 = 24 of 30c.
2 PC
(i) What is the relation between the height x of the
PC = 24 2 m balloon at point P and distance d between point
(iv) In this case we have made diagram as follows. A and B ?
Now AP = 24 - 9 = 15 m (ii) When balloon rises further 50 metres, then what
is the relation between new height y and d ?
(iii) What is the new height of the balloon at point Q
?
(iv) What is the distance AB on the ground ?
(v) What is the distance AC on the ground ?
Sol :
(i) We make the diagram as per given information.
tan q = AB = 8 3
AP 15
Thus (d) is correct option.
(v) tan f = AC = 24 = 8 = 1.6
AP 15 5
Thus (a) is correct option.
101. A hot air balloon is a type of aircraft. It is lifted by

heating the air inside the balloon, usually with fire.
Hot air weighs less than the same volume of cold air
(it is less dense), which means that hot air will rise
up or float when there is cold air around it, just like
a bubble of air in a pot of water. The greater the In TAPB , tan 30c = AP
AB
difference between the hot and the cold, the greater
1 =x
the difference in density, and the stronger the balloon d
3
will pull up.
d = 3 x & d2 = 3x2
(ii) In TBAQ ,
AQ
tan 45c =
AB
AB = AQ
d =y
(iii) From (i) and (ii) we have
d = 3 x and d = y
Since point Q is 50 m above point P , Thus
y = x + 50
Thus d = x + 50
Solving above equations we get
Lakshman is riding on a hot air balloon. After reaching
3 x = x + 50
at height x at point P , he spots a lorry parked at B
on the ground at an angle of depression of 30c. The x ( 3 - 1) = 50
balloon rises further by 50 metres at point Q and now 50
x = = 25 ( 3 + 1)
he spots the same lorry at an angle of depression of ( 3 - 1)
45c and a car parked at C at an angle of depression y = x + 50 = 25 ( 3 + 1) + 50
= 25 3 + 25 + 50 = 25 ( 3 + 3) (iv) What is the length of the wire structure from the

point O to the top of section B ?
(iv) The distance AB on the ground is d and which
is equal to (v) What is the angle of depression from top of tower
d = 3x to point O ?
or d = y = 25 ( 3 + 3) Sol :
(i) We make the following diagram as per given
(v) In TCAQ , information.
AQ
tan 30c =
AC
1 = y = 25 ( 3 + 3)
3 AC AC
AC = 25 3 ( 3 + 3)
= 25 (3 + 3 3 ) = 75 (1 + 3)
102. Radio towers are used for transmitting a range of

communication services including radio and television.
The tower will either act as an antenna itself or support
one or more antennas on its structure, including In TBCO tan 30c = BC
microwave dishes. They are among the tallest human- OC
made structures. There are 2 main types: guyed and BC = OC tan 30c
self-supporting structures.
BC = 36 # 1 = 12 3 m
On a similar concept, a radio station tower was built 3
in two sections A and B . Tower is supported by wires (ii) In TACO ,
from a point O . Distance between the base of the
tower and point O is 36 m. From point O , the angle tan 45c = AC = 1
OC
of elevation of the top of section B is 30c and the
Thus AC = OC = 36 m
angle of elevation of the top of section A is 45c.
Now, AB = AC - BC
= 36 - 12 3 = 12 (3 - 3) m
(iii) In TACO ,
cos 45c = OC
OA
1 = 36
2 OA
OA = 36 2 m
(iv) In TBCO ,
cos 30c = OC
OB
3 = 36
2 OB
OB = 72 # 3 = 24 3 m
3 3
(v) It is clear from figure that angle of elevation from
point O to top of tower is 45c . This is equal to the
(i) What is the height of the section B ? angle of depression from top of tower to point O .
(ii) What is the height of the section A ? 103. Navy Officer : Mr. Colin is tasked with planning a
(iii) What is the length of the wire structure from the coup on the enemy at a certain date. Currently he is
point O to the top of section A ? inspecting the area standing on top of the cliff. Agent
Dev is on a chopper in the sky. When Mr. Colin looks
down below the cliff towards the sea, he has Bhawani Here +OAC = 60c is angle of elevation.
and Amar in boats positioned to get a good vantage
point. Bhawani boat is behind the Amar boat.
Following angle have been measured :

From Colin to Bhawani : 30c
From Dev to Colin : 60c
From Amar to Colin : 60c
(i) Which of the following is a pair of angle of h = tan 60c = 3
OA
elevation?
(a) (+a, +e) (b) (+b, +e) OA = h
3
(c) (+c, +d) (d) (+a, +f ) (iv) Here +OBC = +MCB = 30c
(ii) Which of the following is a pair of angle of h = tan 30c = 1
OB 3
depression?
(a) (+a, +e) (b) (+b, +e) OB = 3 h
(c) (+c, +d) (d) (+a, +f ) AB = OB - OA
(iii) If angle of elevation of Amar to Colin is 60c , what = 3h- h

is the distance of Amar boat from the base of hill 3
? = 1
]3h - h g = 2h
3 3
(iv) If angle of depression of Colin to Bhawani is 30c
(v) Here +DCM = 60c
, what is the distance of Amar boat from the
Bhawani boat? Now, DM = tan 60c = 3
CM
(v) If angle of depression of Dev to Colin is 60c , what DM = 3 CM
is the height of Dev from base of hill ?
But CM = OB = 3h
Sol :
Thus DM = 3$ 3 h = 3h
(i) The angle of elevation of an object as seen by an
observer is the angle between the horizontal and the Height of Dev from Bhawani,
line from the object to the observer’s eye (the line of = DB = DM + MB
sight). In our case clearly(+b, +e, +f) are angle of
= 3h + h = 4h
depression.
Thus (b) is correct option. 104. When an eagle looks at a rat on the ground, eagle
(ii) If the object is below the level of the observer, then does not attack the rat at its initial position. It takes
the angle between the horizontal and the observer’s into account the speed of the rat and the direction
line of sight is called the angle of depression. In our in which rat is moving. After analysing the situation
case clearly (+a, +c, +d) are angle of depression. (how? it may be God’s gift) eagle attacks the rat in
Thus (c) is correct option.
(iii) We make the figure as given below.
such a way that it may successful in catching the rat. OS = 90 3 m

RS = OS - OR
= 90 3 - 90 = 90 ( 3 - 1)
(iii) EO = cos 60c

ES
90 = 1
ES 2
ES = 90 # 2 = 180 m
90 ^ 3 - 1h
(iv) Speed of rat sr = RS =
t 10
= 9 ^ 3 - 1h m/sec
(v) Speed of Eagle,
se = ES = 180 = 18 m/sec
t 10
Suppose an eagle sitting on the tree of height 90 m, 18 3600
observe a rat with angle of depression 45c , and moving = # km/h
1000
away from the tree with some speed. Eagle start flying = 64.8 km/h
with 30c downward and catch rat in 10 second.
(i) What is the horizontal distance between tree and 105. An air-to-surface missile (ASM) or air-to-ground
initial position of rat ? missile (AGM or ATGM) is a missile designed to be
launched from military aircraft and strike ground
(ii) What is the distance travelled by rat in 10
targets on land, at sea, or both. They are similar to
seconds?
guided glide bombs but to be deemed a missile,
(iii) What is the distance travelled by eagle to catch
rat?
(iv) What is the speed of rat ?
(v) What is the speed of eagle ?
Sol :
(i) As per information given in question we have made
diagram below. Here E is initial position of eagle and
R is initial position of rat. Eagle catch rat at S .
A military fighter plane is flying at an altitude of 600

metres with the speed of 200 km/h. The pilot spots
enemy tanks at point R on ground. After getting the
permission from command centre to hit the target at
R , pilot fires a missile. Fighter plane was at point A
at the time of fire of missile. Missile moves to target
at enemy tanks stationed at R at an angle of 45c at
OE = tan 45c = 1 a speed of 300 km/h.
OR
(i) What is the horizontal distance between fighter
OE = OR = 90 m
plane at A and tank at R ?
(ii) In triangle TEOS , +OES = 90c - 30c = 60c
(ii) How much time will missile take to hit the target
OS = tan 60c R ?
OE
OS = 3 (iii) Another enemy tank at point S on ground
90 moving with a speed of 90 km/h in straight line
away from plane. Pilot fires another missile at an BQ

= cos 30c
angle of 60c from its flight path position B at BT
the instant when enemy’s tank was at S and it BQ
BT = = 600 = 1200 = 400 3 m
hits this enemy tank at point T . How much time cos 30c 2
3
3
is taken by second missile to hit the enemy tank Time taken to hit tank at T ,
at point T ?
t1 = BT = 400 3
(iv) What is the horizontal distance between fighter s 500
6
plane at B and tank at T ?
(v) What is the distance of point T from S ? = 4 3 # 6 = 24 3 sec
5 5
Sol : (iv) In figure this distance is given by QT
(i) We have shown this situation in following diagram QT
= tan 30c
QB
QT = QB tan 30c
= 600 # 1 = 200 3
3
(v) Speed of tank, st = 90 km/hour
= 90000 m/sec
3600
= 25 m/sec
Distance ST travelled by tank in 24 3 sec

5
= 25 # 24 3 = 120 3 m
5
PR = tan 45c = 1 & PR = PA = 600 m
PA
AP = cos 45c ***********
(ii)
AR
AR = AP = 600 = 600 2 m
cos 45c 1
2
Speed of missile,
s = 300 km/h = 300000 m/sec
3600
= 500 m/s
6
Time taken to hit missile.
t = AR = 600500 2 = 36 2 sec
s 6
5
(iii) In this situation we have shown diagram below.
In triangle 3 BQT , +QBT = 90c - 60c = 30c

Page 352 Circle Chap 10
CHAPTER 10
Circle
ONE MARK QUESTIONS
1. From an external point Q , the length of tangent to a

circle is 12 cm and the distance of Q from the centre
of circle is 13 cm. What is the radius of circle?
Equal sides subtend equal angles in isosceles triangle.
Let O be the centre of the circle. As per given
information we have drawn the figure below. Thus 2+OQP + 90c = 180c
+OQP = 45c
3. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm, subtends a right

angle at its centre. What is the length of the chord?
As per given information we have drawn the figure

below.
We have OQ = 13 cm
and PQ = 12 cm
Radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the point
of contact.
Thus OP = PQ
In TOPQ , using Pythagoras theorem,
OP2 + PQ2 = OQ2 Using Pythagoras theorem in TABC , we get
OP2 + 122 = 132 BC2 = AB2 + AC2 = 102 + 102
OP2 = 132 - 122 = 169 - 144 = 25 = 100 + 100 = 200
Thus OP = 5 cm BC = 10 2 cm
2. QP is a tangent to a circle with centre O at a point P 4. In figure, on a circle of radius 7 cm, tangent PT is
on the circle. If TOPQ is isosceles, then find +OQR drawn from a point P such that PT = 24 cm. If O
? is the centre of the circle, then what is the length of
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] PR ?
Let O be the centre of the circle. As per given
information we have drawn the figure below.
We know that, the radius and tangent are perpendicular
at their point of contact.
Now, in isosceles triangle POQ we have
+POQ + +OPQ + +OQP = 180c
Chap 10 Circle Page 353
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Sol : [Board Term-2 Compt. 2016]
Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to Here OP = PT and OQ = QT ,
the radius at the point of contact. In quadrilateral OPTQ , we have
Thus OT = PT +POQ + +OPT + +PTQ + +OQT = 360c
Now in right-angled triangle PTO 110c + 90c + +PTQ + 90c = 360c
2 2 2
OP = OT + PT = (7) + (24) 2 2 +PTQ = 70c
= 49 + 576 = 625 7. In figure, AP , AQ and BC are tangents of the circle
Thus OP = 25 cm with centre O . If AB = 5 cm , AC = 6 cm and BC = 4
cm, then what is the length of AP ?
Since OR = OT because of radii of circle,
PR = OP + OR = 25 + 7 = 32 cm
5. In figure, O is the centre of circle. PQ is a chord and

PT is tangent at P which makes an angle of 50c with
PQ . Find the angle +POQ .
Due to tangents from external points,

BP = BR, CR = CQ, and AP = AQ
Perimeter of TABC ,
AB + BC + AC = AB + BR + RC + AC
Due to angle between radius and tangent, 5 + 4 + 6 = AB + BP + CQ + AC

+OPT = 90c 15 = AP + AQ
+OPQ = 90c - 50c = 40c 15 = 2AP
Also, OP = OQ [Radii of a circle] Thus AP = 15 = 7.5 cm
2
Since equal opposite sides have equal opposite angles,
+OPQ = +OQP = 40c 8. Two chords AB and CD of a circle intersect at E such
that AE = 2.4 cm , BE = 3.2 cm and CE = 1.6 cm .
+POQ = 180c - +OPQ - +OQP What is the length of DE ?
= 180c - 40c - 40c = 100c Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2011]
6. In the adjoining figure, TP and TQ are the two

tangents to a circle with centre O . If +POQ = 110c,
then find the angle +PTQ .
Applying the rule, AE # EB = CE # ED

2.4 # 3.2 = 1.6 # ED Thus PR = PT = 3.8 cm

ED = 4.8 cm Now QR = QP + PR
9. Two circles of radii 20 cm and 37 cm intersect in A = 3.8 + 3.8 = 7.6 cm.

and B . If O1 and O2 are their centres and AB = 24 cm,
then find the distance O1 O2 . PRACTICE

 AB and CD are two common tangents to circles
which touch each other at a point C . If D lies on
AB such that CD = 4 cm then what is the length
of AB .
Ans : 8 cm
 In the given figure, if BC = 4.5 cm, find the

length of AB .
Since C is the mid-point of AB ,

AC = 12
AO1 = 37
and AO2 = 20
CO1 = 372 - 122 = 35
CO2 = 202 - 122 = 16 Ans : 9 cm
O1 O2 = 35 + 16 = 51
10. In the figure, QR is a common tangent to given circle

which meet at T . Tangent at T meets QR at P . If 11. Two concentric circles of radii a and b where a > b,
QP = 3.8 cm, then find length of QR . Find the length of a chord of the larger circle which
touches the other circle.
In TOAL , OA = OL + AL2
2 2
a2 = OL2 + b2
OL = a2 - b2
Length of chord, 2AL = 2 a2 - b2
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012, 2014]
Let us first consider large circle. Since length of

tangents from external points are equal, we can write
QP = PT
Thus QP = PT = 3.8 ....(1)
Now consider the small circle. For this circle we can
also write using same logic,
PR = PT 12. In the adjoining figure, PT is a tangent at point C
of the circle. O is the circumference of TABC . If
But we have PT = 3.8 cm
+ACP = 118c, then find the angle +x ? 14. Two concentric circles are of radii 10 cm and 8 cm,
then find the length of the chord of the larger circle
which touches the smaller circle.
Let O be the centre of the concentric circles of radii

10 cm and 8 cm, respectively. Let AB be a chord of
the larger circle touching the smaller circles at P .
Then, AP = PB and OP = AB
We join OC as shown in the below figure. Here OC is

the radius and PT is the tangent to circle at point C .
Applying Pythagoras theorem in TOPA , we have
OA2 = OP 2 + AP 2
100 = 64 + AP 2
AP 2 = 100 - 64 = 36 & AP = 6 cm
AB = 2AP = 2 # 6 = 12 cm
15. In given figure, the length PB = ................... cm.
Thus OC = PT
+OCP = 90c
Given, +ACP = 118c
+ACO = +ACP - +OCP Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
= 118c - 90c = 28c We have AO = 5 cm

+ACO = 28c and OP = 3 cm
Since O is the circumcentre, thus OA = OC (radius) Since AB is a tangent at P and OP is radius, we have
+OAC = +ACO +APO = 90c
x = 28c In right angled TOPA ,
AP2 = AO2 - OP2
13. If a circle can be inscribed in a parallelogram = (5) 2 - (3) 2 = 25 - 9 = 16
how will the parallelogram change?
AP = 4 cm
Perpendicular from centre to chord bisect the chord.
It changes into a rectangle or a square.
Thus AP = BP = 4 cm
16. In given figure, if +AOB = 125c, then find the angle

+COD ?
In TOAT , cos 30c = AT

OT
AT = 3
4 2
AT = 2 3 cm
We know that, a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle
subtends supplementary angles at the centre of the 19. In the given figure, a circle touches all the four sides
circle. of quadrilateral ABCD with AB = 6 cm , BC = 7 cm
i.e. +AOB + +COD = 180c and CD = 4 cm , then what is the length of AD ?
125c + +COD = 180c
+COD = 180c - 125c = 55c
17. If the angle between two radii of a circle is 130c, then

what is the angle between the tangents at the end
points of radii at their point of intersection ?
Sum of the angles between radii and between

intersection point of tangent is always 180c.
Thus angle at the point of intersection of
Four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD are tangent to a
tangents
circle.
= 180c - 130c = 50c
AB + CD = BC + AD
18. In figure, AT is a tangent to the circle with centre O 6 + 4 = 7 + AD
such that OT = 4 cm and +OTA = 30c. What is the
AD = 10 - 7 = 3 cm
length of AT ?
20. To draw a pair of tangents to a circle which are
inclined to each other at an angle of 30c, it is required
to draw tangents at end points of two radii of the
circle, what will be the angle between them ?
Sum of the angles between radii and between

intersection point of tangent is always 180c.
Angle between the radii = 180c - 30c = 150c

21. What is the maximum number of parallel tangents a
First we joint OA. The tangent at any point of a circle circle can have on a diameter?
is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact.
Tangent touches a circle on a distinct point. Only two
+OAT = 90c and OT = 4 cm (given)
parallel tangents can be drawn on the diameter of a
circle. It has been shown in figure given below. AC = AO2 - OC2 = 52 - 32

= 25 - 9 = 16 = 4 cm
Length of chord, AB = 8 cm.
PRACTICE
 If the radii of two concentric circle are 4 cm and

5 cm, then find the length of each chord of one
circle which is tangent to the other circle.
22. In the given figure, AOB is a diameter of the circle Ans : 6 cm
with centre O and AC is a tangent to the circle at A
. If +BOC = 130° , the find +ACO.
24. In figure, PA and PB are tangents to the circle with
centre O such that +APB = 50º. Write the measure
of +OAB.
Here OA is radius and AC is tangent at A, since

radius is always perpendicular to tangent, we have
+OAC = 90º
From exterior angle property, Sol : [[Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
+BOC = OAC + +ACO We have +APB = 50º

130º = 90° + +ACO +PAB = +PBA = 180º - 50º = 65º
2
+ACO = 130º - 90º = 40º
Here OA is radius and AP is tangent at A, since
radius is always perpendicular to tangent at point of
23. Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm.
contact, we have
Find the length of the chord of larger circle (in cm)
which touches the smaller circle. +OAP = 90º
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic, Foreign 2014] Now +OAB = +OAP - +PAB
As per the given question we draw the figure as below. = 90º - 65º = 25º
25. If PQ and PR are two tangents to a circle with centre

O . If +QPR = 46º then find +QOR .
Here AB is the chord of large circle which touch

the smaller circle at point C . We can see easily that
TAOC is right angled triangle. Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
Here, AO = 5 cm, OC = 3 cm
We have +QPR = 46º
Since +QOR and +QPR are supplementary angles +AOP = +AOB = 120c = 60c
2 2
+QOR + +QPR = 180º
Now in right TAOP we have
+QOR + 46º = 180º
+APO + +OAP + +AOP = 180c
+QOR = 180º - 46º = 134º
+APO + 90c + 60c = 180c
26. In the given figure, PQ and PR are tangents to the +APO = 180c - 150c = 30c.
circle with centre O such that +QPR = 50º, Then
find +OQR. 28. What is the length of the tangent drawn from a point
8 cm away from the centre of a circle of radius 6 cm ?
As per the given question we draw the figure as below.
We have +QPR = +50º (Given)

Since +QOR and +QPR are supplementary angles Length of the tangent, l = d2 - r2
+QOR + +QPR = 180º = 82 - 62
+QOR = 180º - +QPR = 64 - 36
= 180º - 50º = 130º = 28 = 2 3 cm.
From TOQR we have 29. In figure, PA and PB are two tangents drawn from
an external point P to a circle with centre C and
+OQR = +ORQ = 180º - 130º
2 radius 4 cm. If PA = PB , then find the length of
each tangent.
= 50º = 25º
2
27. In the figure, PA and PB are tangents to a circle with

centre O . If +AOB = 120c, then find +OPA .
Here tangent drawn on circle from external point P

are at aright angle, CAPB will be a square.
Thus CA = AP = PB = BC = 4 cm
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012, 2014] Thus length of tangent is 4 cm.
Here OA is radius and AP is tangent at A, since
radius is always perpendicular to tangent at point of 30. If a line intersects a circle in two distinct
contact, we have points, what is it called ?
+OAP = 90º
Due to symmetry we have The line which intersects a circle in two distinct points
is called secant.
31. PA and PB are tangents from point P to the circle

with centre O as shown in figure. At point M , a
tangent is drawn cutting PA at K and PB at N .
Prove that KN = AK + BN
Since, tan q = OA
AP
So. tan 30c = OA
AP
Sol : [Board Term-2, 2012] 1 = 3
Since length of tangents from an external 3 AP
point to a circle are equal, AP = 3 # 3 = 3 cm.
PA = PB, KA = KM, NB = NM , 34. In the figure there are two concentric circles with
KA + NB = KM + NM centre O . PRT and PQS are tangents to the inner
circle from a point P lying on the outer circle. If
AK + BN = KN. Hence Proved PR = 5 cm find the length of PS .
32. PQ is a tangent drawn from an external point P

to a circle with centre O , QOR is the diameter of
the circle. If +POR = 120c, What is the measure of
+OPQ ?
Since PQ and PR are tangent of the circle, PQ = PR

PQ = PR = 5 cm
Since PS is chord of circle and point Q bisect it, thus
Since PQ is a tangent to the circle, DOQP is right
angle triangle PQ = QS
In TOQP because of exterior angle, PS = 2PQ
+POR = +OQP + +OPQ = 2 # 5 = 10 cm
Thus +OPQ = +POR - +OQP
35. In the given figure, find +QSR .
= 120c - 90c
= 30c
33. Two tangents making an angle of 60c between them

are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm, then find the
length of each tangent.
Sol : [Board, Term-2, 2013]

Sum of the angles between radii and between Now cos 30c = AT
intersection point of tangent is always 180c. OT
Thus +ROQ + +RPQ = 180c AT = OT cos 30c
+ROQ = 180c - 60c = 120c = 4# 3 = 2 3 cm.
2
We know that angle subtended on the centre of a
circle is twice of the angle subtended on circumference Thus the length of AT is 2 3 cm.
of circle
38. In figure, O is the centre of the circle, PQ is a chord
Thus +QSR = 1 +ROQ = 1 # 120c and PT is tangent to the circle at P . Find +OPQ
2 2
and +TPQ
= 60c
36. In figure, AP and BP are tangents to a circle with

centre O , such that AP = 5 cm and +APB = 60c.
Find the length of chord AB .
We have +OPQ = +OQP
= 180c - 70c = 55c

2
Thus +TPQ = 90c - 55c = 35c
Since length of 2 tangents drawn from an external TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

point to a circle are equal, we have
PA = PB
39. A circle is inscribed in a TABC touching AB , BC
Thus +PAB = +PBA = 60c
and AC at P , Q and R respectively. If AB = 10 cm
Hence TPAB is an equilateral triangle. AR = 7 cm and CR = 5 cm , then find the length of
Therefore AB = PA = 5 cm. BC
37. In given figure, if AT is a tangent to the circle with
centre O , such that OT = 4 cm and +OTA = 30c, As per given information we have drawn the figure
then find the length of AT . below.
Here a circle is inscribed in a TABC touching AB ,
BC and AC at P , Q and R respectively.
Since AT is a tangent to the circle, DOAT is right

angle triangle
Since, tangents drawn to a circle from an external bisected at the point of contact.
point are equal,
AP = AR = 7 cm As per the given question we draw the figure as below.
CQ = CR = 5 cm
Now, BP = (AB - AP) = 10 - 7 = 3 cm
BP = BQ = 3 cm
BC = BQ + QC = 3 + 5 = 8 cm
PRACTICE
 A triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle.

If AB = 13 cm, BC = 14 cm and AE = 7 cm,
then find AC .
Since OP is radius and APB is tangent, OP = AB .
Now for bigger circle, O is centre and AB is chord
such that OP = AB .
Thus OP bisects AB .
41. In figure, a circle touches all the four sides of a

quadrilateral ABCD . If AB = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm and
CD = 8 cm, then find the length of AD .

Ans : 15 cm
 In figure, TABC is circumscribing a circle, the

length of BC is ................... cm.
As per given information we have redrawn the figure

below.

Ans : 10 cm Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are
equal in length.
Thus AP = AS and let it be x .
40. Prove that in two concentric circles, the chord of
the larger circle, which touches the smaller circle is Similarly, BP = BQ , CQ = CR and RD = DS
Now BP = AB - AP = 6 - x Since PA = OA , +OAP = 90c

BP = BQ = 6 - x +OAB = +OAP - +BAP
CQ = BC - BQ = 9 - (6 - x) = 3 + x = 90º - 50º = 40º
Now, CQ = CR = 3 + x Since OA and OB are radii, we have
RD = CD - CR = 8 - (3 + x) = 5 - x +OAB = +OBA = 40º
Now, RD = DS = 5 - x Now
AD = AS + SD = x + 5 - x = 5 +AOB + +OAB + +OBA = 180º
Thus AD is 5 cm. +AOB + 40º + 40º = 180º

+AOB = 180º - 80º = 100º
42. In the given figure, from a point P , two tangents PT Hence +AOB = 100º
and PS are drawn to a circle with centre O such that
+SPT = 120c, Prove that OP = 2PS . 44. In given figure, AB is the diameter of a circle with
centre O and AT is a tangent. If +AOQ = 58c, find
+ATQ .
We have +SPT = 120c

As OP bisects +SPT ,
+OPS = 120c = 60c
2 We have +AOQ = 58c
Since radius is always perpendicular to tangent, Since angle +ABQ and +AOQ are the angle on the
+PTO = 90c circumference of the circle by the same arc,
Now in right triangle POS , we have +ABQ = 1 +AOQ
2
cos 60c = PS
OP = 1 # 58c = 29c
2
1 = PS
2 Here OA is perpendicular to TA because OA is radius
OP
and TA is tangent at A.
OP = 2PS Hence proved.
Thus +BAT = 90c
43. From an external point P , tangents PA and PB are +ABQ = +ABT
drawn to a circle with centre O. If +PAB = 50º, then
find +AOB. Now in DBAT ,

+ATB = 90c - +ABT
As per the given question we draw the figure as below. = 90c - 29c = 61c
Thus +ATQ = +ATB = 61c
45. Prove that the lengths of two tangents drawn from an

external point to a circle are equal.
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic, 2018]
Consider a circle of radius r and centre at O as shown

in figure below. Here we have drawn two tangent from
P at A and B . We have to prove that 47. In figure, two tangents RQ and RP are drawn from
AP = PB an external point R to the circle with centre O . If
+PRQ = 120c, then prove that OR = PR + RQ .
We join OA, OB and OP . In TPAO and TPBO , OP Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
is common and OA = OB radius of same circle. We redraw the given figure by joining O to P as
Since radius is always perpendicular to tangent, at shown below.
point of contact,
+OAP = +OBP = 90c
Thus TPAO , TPBO .
and hence, AP = BP
Thus length of 2 tangents drawn from an external
point to a circle are equal.
46. In the given figure PQ is chord of length 6 cm of the

circle of radius 6 cm. TP and TQ are tangents to the
circle at points P and Q respectively. Find +PTQ .
+PRO = 12 +PRQ
= 120c = 60c
2
Here DOPR is right angle triangle, thus
+POR = 90c - +PRO = 90c - 60c = 30c
Now PR = sin 30c = 1

OR 2
OR = 2PR = PR + PR
Since PR = QR ,
OR = PR + QR Hence Proved
We have PQ = 6 cm, OP = OQ = 6 cm
Since PQ = OP = OQ , triangle TPQO is an 48. In figure, O is the centre of a circle. PT are tangents to
equilateral triangle. the circle from an external point P . If +TPQ = 70c,
find +TRQ .
Thus +POQ = 60c
Now we know that +POQ and +PTQ are
supplementary angle,
+POQ + +PTQ = 180c
+PTQ = 180c - +POQ
= 180c - 60c = 120c
Thus +PTQ = 120c

circle are equal,
We redraw the given figure by joining O to T and Q
PM = PN
as shown below.
Since angles opposite to equal sides are equal,
+1 = +2
Now using property of linear pair we have
180º - +1 = 180º - +2
+3 = +4 Hence Proved
50. In Figure a quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to

circumscribe a circle, with centre O, in such a way
Here angle +TOQ and +TPQ are supplementary that the sides AB, BC, CD, and DA touch the circle
angle. at the points P, Q, R and S respectively. Prove that.
Thus +TOQ = 180c - +TPQ AB + CD = BC + DA.
= 180c - 70c = 110c
Since angle +TRQ and +TOQ are the angle on the
circumference of the circle by the same arc,
+TRQ = 1 +TOQ
2
1
= # 110c = 55c
2
49. Prove that tangents drawn at the ends of a chord of a
circle make equal angles with the chord.
Since length of tangents from an external point to a

circle are equal,
At A, AP = AS (1)
At B BP = BQ (2)
At C CR = CQ (3)
At D DR = DS (4)
Adding eqn. (1), (2), (3), (4)
AP + BP + DR + CR = AS + DS + BQ + CQ
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] AP + BP + DR + RC = AS + SD + BQ + QC
We redraw the given figure by joining M and N to P AB + CD = AD + BC
as shown below. Hence Proved
51. In Figure, common tangents AB and CD to

the two circle with centres O1 and O2 intersect
at E. Prove that AB = CD.

Since EA and EC are tangents from point E to the

circle with centre Q1
EA = EC ...(1)
and EB and ED are tangents from point E to the
circle with centre O2
EB = ED (2)
Adding eq (1) and (2) we have Sol : [Board Term-2, 2012]
EA + BE = CE + ED Angle inscribed in a semicircle is always right angle.

+BPA = 90º
AB = CD Hence Proved
Here OB and OP are radius of circle and equal in
52. Two tangents PA and PB are drawn from an external length, thus angle +OBP and +OPB are also equal.
point P to a circle inclined to each other at an angle Thus +BPO = +PBO = 30º
of 70º, then what is the value of +PAB ?
Now +POA = +OBP + +OPB
= 30c + 30c = 60c
As per question we draw the given circle as shown
below. Thus +POT = +POA = 60c
Since OP is radius and PT is tangent at P , OP = PT
+OPT = 90º
Now in right angle DOPT ,
+PTO = 180c - (+OPT + +POT)
Substituting +OPT = 90º and +POT = 60c we have
+PTO = 180c - (90c + 60c)
= 180c - 150c
Here angle +AOB and +APB are supplementary
= 30º
angle.
Thus +AOB = 180c - +APB Thus +PTA = +PTO = 30º
= 180c - 70c = 110c 54. In figure, O is the centre of the circle and LN is a
OA and OB are radius of circle and equal in length, diameter. If PQ is a tangent to the circle at K and
thus angle +OAB and +OBA are also equal. Thus +KLN = 30º , find +PKL.
in triangle DOAB we have
+OBA + +OAB + +AOB = 180c
+OAB + +OBA = 180c - +AOB
2+OAB = 180c - 110c = 70c
+OAB = 35c
Since OA is radius and AP is tangent at A, OA = AP
+OAP = 90º
Now +PAB = +OAP - +OAB
= 90º - 35º = 55º
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt 2017]
53. In the given figure, BOA is a diameter of a circle and Since OK and OL are radius of circle, thus
the tangent at a point P meets BA when produced at
T. If +PBO = 30º , what is the measure of +PTA ? OK = OL
Angles opposite to equal sides are equal,
+OKL = +OLK = 30º THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

Tangent is perpendicular to the end point of radius,
+OKP = 90º (Tangent) 56. If tangents PA and PB drawn from an external point
Now +PKL = +OKP - +OKL P to a circle with centre O are inclined to each other
at an angle of 80c, then find +POA .
= 90º - 30º = 60º
PRACTICE As per given information we have drawn the figure
 In the given figure, AB is a chord of the circle below.
and AOC is its diameter such that +ACB = 50c
. If AT is the tangent to the circle at the point
A, find +BAT .
[Board Term-2 2012] Since PA and PB are the tangents, PO will be angle
Ans : 50c bisector of +P
Hence, +APO = 40c
55. In the given figure, if AB = AC , prove that BE = CE. Now, in TAPO , +PAO is 90c because this is angle
between radius and tangent.
Now +PAO + +APO + +POA = 180c
90c + 40c + +POA = 180c
+POA = 50c
57. An isosceles triangle ABC , with AB = AC ,

circumscribes a circle, touching BC at P , AC at Q
and AB at R . Prove that the contact point P bisects
BC .
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] As per given information we have drawn the figure
Since tangents from an external point to a circle are below.
equal,
AD = AF (1)
BD = BE (2)
CE = CF (3)
From AB = AC we have
AD + DB = AF + FC
or DB = FC (AD = AF)
From eq (2) and (3) we have
Since, the tangents drawn from externals points are
BE = EC Hence Proved equal,
AR = AQ Given, a circle with centre O and tangent AB at P .

We take a point Q on the tangent AB and join OQ
BR = BP
meeting the circle at R .
CP = CQ
Now we have, AB = AC
AR + BR = AQ + CQ
AR + BP = AQ + CP
AQ + BP = AQ + CP
BP = CP
To prove that OP = AB , it is sufficient to prove that
Hence, the point of contact P bisects BC . OP is shorter than any other segment joining O to
any point of AB .
58. Prove that the rectangle circumscribing a circle is a
square. Clearly OP = OR (radius)
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] OQ = OR + RQ
We have a rectangle ABCD circumscribe a circle OQ > OR
which touches the circle at P , Q , R , S . We have to
OQ > OP
prove that ABCD is a square.
As per given information we have drawn the figure Thus OP is shorter than any other segment joining
below. O to any other point of AB and shortest line is
perpendicular.
Thus OP = AB Hence Proved
60. If a circle touches the side BC of a triangle ABC

at P and extended sides AB and AC at Q and R ,
respectively, prove that AQ = 12 (BC + CA + AB)
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard, 2016]

the figure below,
Since tangent drawn from an external point to a circle
are equals,
AP = AS
PB = BQ
DR = DS
RC = QC
Adding all above equation we have
AP + PB + DR + RC = AS + SD + BQ + QC
From the same external point, the tangent segments
AB + CD = AD + BC drawn to a circle are equal.
Since ABCD is rectangle, AB = CD and AD = BC ,
From the point B , BQ = BP
Thus 2AB = 2BC
From the point A, AQ = AR
AB = BC
From the point C , CP = CR
Since adjacent sides are equal are equal. So, ABCD
Now
is a square.
AB + BC + CA = (AQ - BQ) + (BP + PC) + (AR - CR)
59. Prove that the tangent at any point of a circle is = (AQ - BQ) + (BQ + CR) + (AQ - CR)
perpendicular to the radius through the point of
= 2AQ
contact.
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] AQ = 1 (BC + CA + AB) Hence proved.
2
61. In figure, two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to Here PT and TC are the tangents of circle A from
circle with centre O from an external point T . Prove extended point, thus
that +PTQ = 2+OPQ . PT = TC
Here TQ and TC are the tangents of circle B from
extended point, thus
QT = TC
Thus, PT = QT
Now, PQ = PT + TQ
= PT + PT = 2PT
Thus 1 PQ = PT
2
Hence, the common tangent to the circle at C , bisects
We redraw the given figure as shown below.
the common tangents at P and Q .
63. In the given figure, OP is equal to the diameter of a

circle with centre O and PA and PB are tangents.
Prove that ABP is an equilateral triangle.
Let +OPQ be q , then

+TPQ = 90c - q
Since, TP = TQ , due to opposite angles of equal sides
we have
+TQP = 90c - q Sol : [Board Term-2, 2014]
From angle sum property of a triangle we can write, We redraw the given figure by joining A to B as
+TPQ + +TQP + +PTQ = 180c shown below.
90c - q + 90c - q + +PTQ = 180c
+PTQ = 180c - 180c + 2q
+PTQ = 2q
Hence, +PTQ = 2+OPQ
62. In given figure, two circles touch each other at the

point C . Prove that the common tangent to the
circles at C , bisects the common tangent at P and Q .
Since OA is radius and PA is tangent at A, OA = AP.

Now in right angle triangle DOAP , OP is equal to
diameter of circle, thus
OP = 2OA
OA = 1
OP 2
sin q = 1 & q = 30c
2
Since PO bisect the angle +APB ,
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic, 2020 Delhi Standard] Hence, +APB = 2 # 30c = 60º
Now, in TAPB , We have +RPQ = 50c

AP = AB Since +OPQ + +QPR is right angle triangle,
+PAB = +PBA +OPQ = 90c - 50c = 40c
= 180c - 60c = 60º Since, OP = OQ because of radii of circle, we have

2
+OPQ = +OQR = 40c
Thus TAPB is an equilateral triangle.
In DPOQ we have
64. From a point P , which is at a distant of 13 cm from
+POQ = 180c - (+OPQ + +OQP)
the centre O of a circle of radius 5 cm, the pair of
tangents PQ and PR are drawn to the circle, then = 180c - ^40c + 40ch = 100c
the area of the quadrilateral PQOR (in cm2).
66. In the figure, PQ is a tangent to a circle with centre
O . If +OAB = 30º , find +ABP and +AOB.
Here OQ is radius and QP is tangent at Q , since

radius is always perpendicular to tangent at point of
contact, TOQP is right angle triangle.
Here OB is radius and QT is tangent at B , OB = PQ
Now PQ = OP2 - OR2
+OBP = 90º
= 132 - 52 = 169 - 25
Here OA and OB are radius of circle and equal. Since
= 144 = 12 cm angles opposite to equal sides are equal,
Area of triangle TOQP , +OAB = +OBA = 30º
D = (OQ) (QP) = # 12 # 5 = 30
1
2
1
2
Now +AOB = 180º - ^30º + 30ºh = 120º
Area of quadrilateral PQOR , +ABP = +OBP - +OBA
2 # TPOQ = 2 # 30 = 60 cm2 = 90º - 30º = 60º
65. If O is centre of a circle, PQ is a chord and the 67. In TABD, AB = AC. If the interior circle of TABC
tangent PR at P makes an angle of 50c with PQ , touches the sides AB, BC and CA at D, E and F
find +POQ . respectively. Prove that E bisects BC.
As per question we draw figure shown below.

Since length of tangents from an external point to a circle from an external point P such that PA = 4 cm
circle are equal, and +BAC = 135º . Find the length of chord AB .
At A, AF = AD (1)
At B BE = BD (2)
At C CE = CF (3)
Now we have AB = AC
AD + DB = AF + FC
BD = FC ( AD = AF )
BE = EC (BD = BE, CE = CF)
Thus E bisects BC.
68. A circle is inscribed in a TABC, with sides AC, AB Since length of tangents from an external point to a
and BC as 8 cm, 10 cm and 12 cm respectively. Find circle are equal,
the length of AD, BE and CF. PA = PB = 4 cm
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013, 2012] Here +PAB and +BAC are supplementary angles,
+PAB = 180c - 135c = 45c
Angle +ABP and = +PAB = 45c opposite angles of
equal sides, thus
+ABP = +PAB = 45c
In triangle TAPB we have
+APB = 180c - +ABP - +BAP
= 180c - 45c - 45c
= 90c
We have AC = 8 cm Thus TAPB is a isosceles right angled triangle
AB = 10 cm Now AB2 = AP2 + BP2 = 2AP2
and BC = 12 cm = 2 # 42 = 32
Let AF be x . Since length of tangents from an Hence AB = 32 = 4 2 cm

external point to a circle are equal,
70. Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a
At A, AF = AD = x (1) diameter of a circle are parallel.
At B BE = BD = AB - AD = 10 - x (2) Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic, 2017, 2014]
At C CE = CF = AC - AF = 8 - x (3) Let AB be a diameter of a given circle and let CD
Now BC = BE + EC and RF be the tangents drawn to the circle at A and
B respectively as shown in figure below.
12 = 10 - x + 8 - x
2x = 18 - 12 = 6
or x =3
Now AD = 3 cm,
BE = 10 - 3 = 7 cm
and CF = 8 - 3 = 5
69. In the given figure, PA and PB are tangents to a

Here AB = CD and AB = EF Thus substituting OR = 3 cm we have

Thus +CAB = 90º and +ABF = 90º ^TR + 3h2 = TR2 + 42 + 52
Hence +CAB = +ABF TR2 + 9 + 6TR = TR2 + 16 + 25
and +ABE = +BAD 6TR = 32
Hence +CAB and +ABF also +ABE and +BAD
TR = 16
are alternate interior angles. 3
CD | | EF Hence Proved Now, from (1), TP 2 = TR2 + PR2
2
= b 16 l + 42 = 256 + 16
3 9
= 400
9
71. In Figure, PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle of TP = 20 cm
3
radius 5 cm and centre O . The tangents at P and Q
intersect at point T . Find the length of TP .
 In figure, PQ , is a chord of length 16 cm, of a
circle of radius 10 cm. the tangents at P and Q
intersect at a point T . Find the length of TP .
We redraw the given figure as shown below. Here OT

is perpendicular bisector of PQ ,

40
Ans : 3 cm
 In figure PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle

of radius 5 cm. The tangents drawn at P and Q
Since, OT is perpendicular bisector of PQ , intersect at T . Find the length of TP .
, PR = QR = 4 cm
In right angle triangle TOTP and TPTR , we have
TP2 = TR2 + PR2 ...(1)
2 2 2
Also, OT = TP + OP
Substituting TP2 from equation (1) we have
OT 2 = ^TR2 + PR2h + OP 2
^TR + ORh2 = TR2 + PR2 + OR2
Now OR2 = OP 2 - PR2 [Board Term-2 OD Compt 2017]
20
2
= 5 -4 = 3 2 2 Ans : 3 cm
Thus OR = 3 cm
72. If the angle between two tangents drawn from an In triangle TABC ,
external point P to a circle of radius a and centre O,
AC = 102 - 362 = 8 cm
is 60º, then find the length of OP.
Area of triangle TABC ,
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP STD]
As per the given question we draw the figure as below. TABC = 1 # AB # AC

2
= 1 # 6 # 8 = 24 cm2
2
Here we have joined AO, BO and CO .
For area of triangle we have
TABC = TOBC + TOCA + TOAB
24 = 12 rBC + 12 rAC + 12 rAB
= 12 r (BC + AC + AB)
= 12 r (6 + 10 + 8) = 12r
or 12r = 24
Tangents are always equally inclined to line joining
the external point P to centre O . Thus r = 2 cm.
+APO = +BPO = 60º = 30º 74. In figure, a circle is inscribed in a TABC having sides
2
BC = 8 cm , AB = 10 cm and AC = 12 cm . Find the
Also radius is also perpendicular to tangent at point
length BL, CM and AN .
of contact.
In right TOAP we have,
+APO = 30º
Now, sin 30º = OA

OP
Here OA is radius whose length is a , thus
1 = a
2 OP
or OP = 2a
73. A right triangle ABC , right angled at A is

circumscribing a circle. If AB = 6 cm and BC = 10 cm,
find the radius r of the circle.
As per question we draw figure shown below. Tangents from external a point on a circle are always
equal in length.
Let x be length of BL , then we have
BL = x = BN
So, LC = MC = ^8 - x h
and AN = AM = ^10 - x h
Since, AC = 12
AM + MC = 12
^10 - x h + ^8 - x h = 12
18 - 2x = 12 & x = 3
Hence, BL = 3 cm
CM = 8 - 3 = 5 cm CM and CN are tangent from C , thus

and AN = 10 - 3 = 7 cm CM = CN
Therefore OMCN is a square. Let
PRACTICE
Let OM = r = CM = CN = ON
 In the given figure, a circle is inscribed in a
TABC, such that it touches the sides AB, BC Since length of tangents from an external point to a
and CA at points D, E and F respectively. If the circle are equal,
lengths of sides AB, BC and CA are 12 cm, 8 AN = AP, CN = CM and BM = BP
cm and 10 cm respectively, find the lengths of
Now taking AN = AP
AD, BE and CF .
AC - CN = AB - BP
b - r = c - BM
b - r = c - â - r h
b-r = c-a+r
2r = a + b - c
r =a+b-c Hence Proved.

2
76. PB is a tangent to the circle with centre O to B.AB
is a chord of length 24 cm at a distance of 5 cm from
the centre. It the tangent is length 20 cm, find the
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2016, 2013, 2012] length of PO .
Ans : 7 cm, 5 cm, 3 cm
75. a, b and c are the sides of a right triangle, where c

is the hypotenuse. A circle, of radius r , touches the
sides of the triangle. Prove that r = a + b - c .
2
We redraw the given figure by joining O to B as

shown below.
Let the circle touches CB at M , CA at N and AB

at P .
Now OM = CB and ON = AC because radius is
always perpendicular to tangent
OM and ON are radius of circle, thus
OM = ON
Here TOMB right angled triangle because AB is 78. In figure, a circle with centre O is inscribed in a
chord and OM is perpendicular on it. quadrilateral ABCD such that, it touches the sides
In right angled triangle TOMB we have, BC , AB, AD and CD at points P, Q, R and S
respectively. If AB = 29 cm, AD = 23 cm, +B = 90c
OB2 = OM2 + MB2
and DS = 5 cm, then find the radius of the circle (in
= 52 + 122 = 132 cm).
Thus OB = 13
Here TOBP right angled triangle because PB is
tangent on radius OB .
This in right angled triangle TOBP we have,
OP2 = OB2 + BP2 = 132 + 202 = 569
Thus OP = 569 = 23.85 cm
77. In figure O is the centre of a circle of radius 5 cm. T

is a point such that OT = 13 cm and OT intersects
circle at E . If AB is a tangent to the circle at E , find Since length of tangents from an external point to a
the length of AB , where TP and TQ are two tangents circle are equal,
to the circle. DR = DS = 5 cm
AR = AQ
BQ = BP
Now AR = AD - DR
= 23 - 5 = 18 cm
AQ = AR = 18 cm
QB = AB - AQ = 29 - 18 = 11 cm
PB = QB = 11
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] Now +OQB = +OPB = 90c because radius is always
Here DOPT is right angled triangle because PT is perpendicular to tangent.
tangent on radius OP . Thus OP = OQ = PB = BQ
2 2
Thus PT = 13 - 5 = 169 - 25 = 12 cm So, POQB is a square. Hence, r = OP = PB = 11 cm
and TE = OT - OE = 13 - 5 = 8 cm
79. Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral
Since length of tangents from an external point to a circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary angles
circle are equal, at the centre of the circle.
Let PA = AE = x Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017, OD 2014]
Here DAET is right angled triangle because AB is A circle centre O is inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD
tangent on radius OE . as shown in figure given below.
In DAET , TA2 = TE2 + EA2
(TP - PA) 2 = 82 + x2
^12 - x h2 = 64 + x
2
144 - 24x + x2 = 64 + x2
24x = 144 - 64 = 80
or, x = 3.3 cm.
Thus AB = 2 # x = 2 # 3.3
= 6.6 cm.
Since OE and OF are radius of circle, 81. Two tangents PA and PB are drawn from an
OE = OF external point P to a circle with centre O , such that
+APB = +x and +AOB = y . Prove that opposite
Tangent drawn at any point of a circle is perpendicular
angles are supplementary.
to the radius through the point contact.
Thus +OEA = +OFA = 90c
Now in TAEO and TAFO ,
OE = OF
+OEA = +OFA = 90c
OA = OA (Common side)
Thus TAEO , TAFO (SAS congruency)
+7 = +8
Similarly, +1 = +2
+3 = +4
+5 = +6
Now OA = AP and OB = BP because tangent
Since angle around a point is 360c,
drawn at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the
+1 + +2 + +3 + +4 + +5 + +6 + +7 + +8 = 360c radius through the point contact.
2+1 + 2+8 + 2+4 + 2+5 = 360c Thus +A = +B = 90c
+1 + +8 + +4 + +5 = 180c Since, AOBP is a quadrilateral,
^+1 + +8h + ^+4 + +5h = 180c +A + +B + x + y = 360c
+AOB + +COD = 180c Hence Proved. 90c + 90c + x + y = 360c
80. Prove that tangent drawn at any point of a circle 180 + x + y = 360c
perpendicular to the radius through the point contact. x + y = 180c
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] Therefore opposite angle are supplementary.
Consider a circle with centre O with tangent AB at
82. In figure, PQ is a chord of a circle O and PT is a
point of contact P as shown in figure below
tangent. If +QPT = 60c, find +PRQ .
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015, 2017]
Let Q be point on AB and we join OQ . Suppose it

touch the circle at R .
We have +QPT = 60c
We OP = OR (Radius)
Here +OPT = 90c because of tangent at radius.
Clearly OQ 2 OR
Now +OPQ = +OQP
OQ 2 OP
Same will be the case with all other points on circle. = +OPT - +QTP
Hence OP is the smallest line that connect AB and = 90c - 60c = 30c
smallest line is perpendicular.
+POQ = 180c - ^+OPQ + +OQP h
Thus OP = AB
= 180c - ^30c + 30ch
or, OP = PQ Hence Proved
= 180c - 60c = 120c 9 cm. If the area of TABC is 54 cm2, then find
the lengths of sides AB and AC .
Now Reflex +POQ = 360c - 120c = 240c
+PRQ = 1 Reflex +POQ

2
1
= # 240c = 120c
2
83. In Figure the radius of incircle of TABC of area
84 cm2 and the lengths of the segments AP and BP
into which side AB is divided by the point of contact
are 6 cm and 8 cm Find the lengths of the sides AC
and BC.

Ans : 9 and 12 cm
 In the figure, the TABC is drawn to circumscribe

a circle of radius 4 cm, such that the segments BD
and DC are of lengths 8 cm and 6 cm respectively.
Find AB and AC .
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012, 2014, OD Compt. 2017]

circle are equal,
At A, AP = AR = 6 cm (1)
At B , ,BP = BQ = 8 cm (2)
At C , CR = CQ = x (3)
Perimeter of TABC ,
p = AP + PB + BQ + QC + CR + RA [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014, 2012]
Ans : 13, 14 and 15 cm
= 6 + 8 + 8 + x + x + 6 = 28 + 2x
Now area TABC = 12 rp
Here r = 4 is the radius of circle. Substituting all 84. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle.
values we have Determine +APC , if DA and DC are tangents and
84 = 12 # 4 # (28 + 2x) +ADC = 50c.
84 = 56 + 4x
21 = 14 + x & x = 7
Thus AC = AR + RC = 6 + 7 = 13 cm
BC = BQ + QC = 8 + 7 = 15 cm
PRACTICE
 In figure, a triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe

a circle of radius 3 cm, such that the segments
BD and DC are respectively of lengths 6 cm and
We redraw the given figure by joining A and C to O

as shown below.
Here we have drawn perpendicular OC on chord AB

. Thus Triangle DOCB is also right angled triangle,
Since DA and DC are tangents from point D to the We have PB = 24 cm, OP = 26 cm.
circle with centre O , and radius is always perpendicular Triangle DOPB is right angled triangle because PB
to tangent, thus is tangent at radius OB and +OPB = 90c.
+DAO = +DCO = 90c In right angled DOPB , we have
and OB = OP2 - BP2 = 262 - 242
+ADC + +DAO + +DCO + +AOC = 360c = 676 - 576 = 100 = 10 cm
50c + 90c + 90c + +AOC = 360c Since perpendicular drawn from the centre to a chord
bisect it, we have
230c + +AOC = 360c
BC = 1 AB = 16 = 8 cm
+AOC = 360c - 230c = 130c 2 2
Now Reflex +AOC = 360c - 130c = 230c Now in TOBC, OC2 = OB2 - BC2
+APC = 1 reflex +AOC = 102 - 82 = 36

2
1 OC = 6 cm
= # 230c = 115c
2 Thus distance of the chord from the centre is 6 cm.
85. AB is a chord of circle with centre O . At B , a tangent
PB is drawn such that its length is 24 cm. The 86. From a point T outside a circle of centre O , tangents
distance of P from the centre is 26 cm. If the chord TP and TQ are drawn to the circle. Prove that OT is
AB is 16 cm, find its distance from the centre. the right bisector of line segment PQ .
A circle with centre O . Tangents TP and TQ are

drawn from a point T outside a circle as shown in
figure below.
We redraw the given figure by joining O to B as

shown below.
circle are equal,
TP = TQ
Angle +TPR and +TQR are opposite angle of equal By SAS symmetry we have
sides, thus TDOA O TCOA
+TPR = +TQR Hence, by CPCT,+1 = +2
Now in TPTR and TQTR i.e., +DOA = +COA ...(1)
TP = TQ Similarly, by SAS
TR = TR (Common) TBOC = TBOE
+TPR = +TQR and by CPCT +3 = +4
Thus TPTR , TQTR i.e., +COB = +BOE ...(2)
and PR = QR Now, angles on a straight line,
and +PRT = +QRT +1 + +2 + +3 + +4 = 180c
But +PRT + QRT = 180c as PQ is line segment,
2+2 + 2+3 = 180c
+PRT = +QRT = 90c
+2 + +3 = 90c
Therefore TR or OT is the right bisector of line
segment PQ . Hence proved. i.e., +AOC + +BOC = 90c
or +AOB = 90c Hence Proved
87. In Figure, PQ and RS are two parallel tangents to
a circle with centre O and another tangent AB with 88. Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle
point of contact C intersecting PQ at A and RS at is a rhombus.
B . Prove that +AOB = 90c.
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi STD, 2013, 2014]
Let ABCD be the parallelogram.

AB = CD, AD = BC (1)
Sol : [Board 2019 OD STD, 2014, 2012]

circle are equal,
At A, AP = AS (2)
At B BP = BQ (3)
At C CR = CQ (4)
At D DR = DS (5)
Adding above 4 equation we have
In TDOA and TCOA , DA and AC are tangents
AP + PB + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
drawn from common point,
or, AB + CD = AD + BC
Thus DA = AC
From (1) 2AB = 2AD
Due to angle between tangent and radius,
or AB = AD
+ODA = +OCA = 90c
Thus ABCD is a rhombus.
Due to radius of circle,
OD = OC 89. In given figure, PA and PB are tangents from a point
P to the circle with centre O . At the point M , other Since SR || QP , +SRQ and +RQP are alternate
tangent to the circle is drawn cutting PA and PB at angle,
K and N . Prove that the perimeter of TPNK = 2PB +SRQ = +RQP = 75c
.
Thus SQ = RQ
and +RSQ = +SRQ = 75c
In triangle TAQR ,
+SQR + +QSR + +QRS = 180c
+SQR + 75c + 75c = 180c
+SQR = 180c - 150c
= 30c

Thus +SQR = 30c.
Since length of tangents from an external point to a 91. In the figureAB and CD are common tangents to two
circle are equal, circles of unequal radii. Prove that AB = CD .
PA = PB
KM = KA
MN = BN
Now KN = KM + MN
= KA + BN
Now perimeter of TPNK
p = PN + KN + PK
= PN + BN + KA + PK We redraw the given figure by extending AB and BD
= PB + PA which intersect at P as shown in figure below
= 2PB (PA = PB)
90. In the figure, tangents PQ and PR are drawn from an

external point P to a circle with centre O , such that
+RPQ = 30c. A chord RS is drawn parallel to the
tangent PQ . Find +RQS .

circle are equal,
PA = PC
and PB = PD
Now, PA - PB = PC - PD
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] AB = CD Hence Proved

92. In figure PQ is a tangent from an external point P
circle are equal,
to a circle with centre O and OP cuts the circle at T
PR = PQ and +QOR is a diameter. If +POR = 130c and S is
Now +PRQ = +PQR = 180c - 30c
2
= 150c = 75c
2
a point on the circle, find +1 + +2 . 94. In the given figure, PA and PB are tangents to
the circle from an external point P . CD is another
tangent touching the circle at Q . If PA = 12 cm,
QC = QD = 3 cm, then find PC + PD.
Here +OQP = 90c because radius is always

perpendicular to tangent at point of contact.
Angle subtended at the centre is always 2 time of
angle subtended at circumference by same arc. Thus Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]

+2 = 1 +TOR = 1 +POR
2 2 circle are equal,
1
= # 130c = 65c CA = CQ = 3 cm
2
DQ = DB = 3 cm
Now +POQ = 180c - 130c = 50c
and PB = PA = 12 cm
+1 = 180c - +OQP - +POQ
PA + PB = PC + CA + PD + DB
= 180c - 90c - 50c = 40c
PC + PD = PA - CA + PB - DB
Now +2 + +1 = 65c + 40c = 105c
= 12 - 3 + 12 - 3 = 18 cm
93. In the given figure, AD is a diameter of a circle with
centre O and AB is a tangent at A. C is a point
on the circle such that DC produced intersects the
tangent at B and +ABC = 50c. Find +AOC .
Questions related to circles are given in Chapter 12.
***********
Tangent drawn at any point of a circle is perpendicular

to the radius through the point contact.
Therefore +A = 90c
Now in DDAB we have
+D + +A + +B = 180c
+D + 90c + 50c = 180c
+D = 40c
Angle subtended at the centre is always 2 time of
angle subtended at circumference by same arc. Thus
+AOC = 2+ADC = 2+D
= 2 # 40c = 80c
Chap 11 Constructions Page 381
CHAPTER 11
Constructions
ONE MARK QUESTIONS
1. The ratio of the sides of the triangle to be constructed

with the corresponding sides of the given triangle is
known as______
The ratio of the sides of the triangle to be From figure,

constructed with the corresponding sides of
+AOB + +APB = 180c
the given triangle is known as scale factor.
+AOB = 180c - +APB
2. To divide a line segment AB in the ratio = 180c - 55c = 125c
3 : 4, we draw a ray AX , so that +BAX
is an acute angle and then mark the points 5. To find a point P on the line segment AB = 6 cm,
on ray AX at equal distances such that the such that APAB = 5 , in which ratio the line segment AB
2
minimum number of these points is____ is divided.

Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] Sol :
Minimum number of these points = 3 + 4 = 7
The line segment AB is divided in the ratio
AP | PB = 2 | ^5 - 2h = 2 | 3
3. To divide a line segment AB in the ratio 2 :
5, first a ray AX is drawn, so that +BAX
6. A line Segment AB is divided at point P such that
is an acute angle and then at equal distance
AB = 7 , then find the ratio AP | PB .
PB 3
points are marked on the ray AX such that
the minimum number of these point is____ Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2013]

Here, AB = 7, PB = 3
We know that, to divide a line segment AB in the Thus AP = AB - PB = 7 - 3 = 4
ratio m : n , first draw a ray AX which makes an acute AP | PB = 4 | 3
+BAX then, marked m + n points at equal distance.
Here, m = 2, n = 5 7. To divide a line segment AB in the ratio 2: 5,
Minimum number of these points = 2 + 5 = 7 a ray AX is drawn such that +BAX is acute.
Then points are marked at equal intervals on
AX . What is the minimum number of these
4. To draw a pair of tangents to a circle which
points ?
are inclined to each other at an angle of 55c
, it is required to draw tangents at the end Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012]
points of these two radii of the circle, what is Minimum number of points marked on AX are
the angle between two radii? 2 + 5 = 7.
According to the question we can draw the following 8. To divide the line segment AB in the ratio
diagram. 2 | 3 , a ray AX is drawn such that +BAX
is acute, AX is then marked at equal intervals.
Page 382 Constructions Chap 11
Find minimum number of these marks.

Minimum number of points marked on AX are

2 + 3 = 5.
9. What is the ratio of division of the line segment AB

by the point P from A ?
The ratio of division of the line segment AB 14. In figure, TADE is constructed similar to TABC ,
by the point P from A is AP | AB = 3 | 5 . write down the scale factor.
10. In drawing a triangle, if AB = 3 cm, BC = 2

cm and AC = 6 cm. What is the possibility
that a triangle cannot be drawn.
When AB + BC 1 AC triangle cannot be drawn.

Here 3 cm + 2 cm 1 6 cm . Hence TABC can not be
drawn.
11. When construction of a triangle similar to a

given triangle in the scale factor 53 , then what Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
is the nature of given triangle ? Scale factor is 3 .

4
15. Triangle PQR is constructed similar to
Triangle is bigger than to original T.
triangle ABC with scale factor 23 . Find
12. In given figure, in what ratio does P divides AB triangle PQR .
internally ? Sol : [Board Term-2 2011]
Triangle PQR is smaller to triangle ABC . Reduced

scale factor figures are smaller in size.
16. Give three sides such that construction of a triangle

is possible.
To construct a triangle sum of two sides of

a triangle must be greater than largest side.
Let the sides are 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm.
Point P divide AB internally in the ratio 4: 4 i.e. 1: 1.

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
13. To divide a line segment AB in the ratio
5: 7, first AX is drawn, so that +BAX is
17. Draw a line segment of length 7 cm. Find a point P
an acute angle and then at equal distance,
on it which divides it in the ratio 3 | 5 .
points are marked on the ray AX , find the
minimum number of these points. Sol : [Board Term-2, 2015]
Steps of Construction :
1. Draw a line segment AB of length 7 cm.
Minimum number of points marked on AX are 2. Draw any ray AX making an acute angle
5 + 7 = 12 with AB .
3. Mark eight point A1, A2, A3, ...., A8 on AX
such that AA1 = A1 A2 = A2 A3 = ...., A7 A8 . 7. Join B3 C .

4. Join BA8 . 8. From B2 , draw B2 C' | | B3 C .
5. At point A3, draw a line PA3 parallel to BA8 . 9. From C' , draw C'A' | | CA, to meet BA at the
Hence AP | PB = 3 | 5 point A' . Thus A'BC' is the required triangle.
18. Draw a line segment of length 5 cm and divide it in

the ratio 3 | 7 .
Sol : [Board Term-2 2015] 20. Construct a triangle similar to a given equilateral
Step of Construction : TPQR with side 5cm such that each of its side is 76 of
1. Draw a line segment AB of length 5 cm. the corresponding sides of TPQR .
2. Draw any ray AX making on acute angle
Sol : [Board Term-2 2011 Foreign 2014]
with AB .
3. Mark ten points A1, A2, A3, ...A10 on AX Steps of Construction :
such that AA1 = A1 A2 = ... = A9 A10 . 1. Draw a line segment QR of length 5 cm.
4. Join BA10 . 2. With Q as centre and radius PQ = 5 cm,
5. At point A3 draw a line PA3 parallel to BA10 . draw an arc.
Hence AP | PB = 3 | 7 3. With R as centre and radius PR = 5 cm,
draw another arc meeting the arc drawn in step 2
at the point P .
4. Join PQ and PR to obtain TPQR .
5. Below QR , construct an acute +RQX .
6. Along QX , mark off seven points Q1, Q2, ....Q7
such that QQ1 = Q1 Q2 = Q2 Q3 = ..... = Q6 Q7 .
7. Join Q7 R .
8. Draw Q6 R' | | Q7 R .
9. From, Rl draw RlPl | | RP. Hence, PlQRl is the
required triangle.
19. Construct a TABC in which AB = 4 cm, BC = 5

cm and AC = 6 cm. Then construct another triangle
whose sides are 23 times the corresponding sides of
TABC .
Sol : [Board Term-2 2011, 2012, Foreign 2014]
Steps of construction :
1. Draw a line segment BC of length 5 cm.
2. With B as centre and radius AB = 4 cm,
draw an arc.
3. With C as centre and radius AC = 6 cm,
draw another arc, intersecting the arc drawn in
step 2 at the point A.
4. Join AB and AC to obtain TABC .
5. Below BC , make an acute angle +CBX .
6. Along BX mark off three points B1, B2, B3 such
that BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 .
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS 23. Construct a tangent to a circle of radius 4 cm from a

point on the concentric circle of radius 6 cm.
21. Draw a circle of radius 3.5 cm. From a point P , 6 cm
from its centre, draw two tangents to the circle. Steps of Construction :
1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 4
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] cm.
Step of construction : 2. Draw another circle with centre O and
1. Draw a line segment OP of length 6 cm. radius 6 cm.
2. From the point O , draw a circle of radius 3. Take a point P on outer circle and join
= 3.5 cm. OP .
3. Draw a perpendicular bisector of OP . 4. Draw perpendicular bisector of OP which
Let M be the mid point of OP . intersect OP at M .
4. Taking M as centre and OM as radius draw a 5. Draw a circle with centre M which intersects
circle. inner circle at points A and B .
5. This circle intersects the given circle at Q and R . 6. Join AP and BP . Thus AP and BP are required
6. Join PQ and PR , which are tangents to the tangents.
circles.
24. Draw a circle of radius 5 cm. Marks a point A which

22. Construct a pair tangents PQ and PR to a circle of is 8 cm away from its centre O , construct the tangents
radius 4 cm from a point P outside the circle 8 cm AB and AC . Measure the lengths of AB and AC .
away from the centre. Measure PQ and PR .
Steps of Construction : 1. Draw a line segment OA of length 8 cm.
1. Draw a line segment OP of length 8 cm. 1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 5
2. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm. cm.
3. Taking OP as diameter draw another 3. Taking OA as diameter draw another
circle which intersects the first circle at circle which intersects the given circle at
Q and R . B and C .
4. Join P to Q and P to R . On measuring, 4. Join A to B and A to C . Thus AB and
we get PQ = PR = 5 cm AC are required tangents.
5. AB = AC = 6.2 cm.
AB and AC are required tangents. BY and CZ intersect at A. Thus TABC is

AB = AC = 6.2 cm. given T
3. Making an acute angle downward at B , draw a
25. Construct a TABC in which CA = 6 cm , AB = 5 cm line segment BX .
and +BAC = 45c. Then construct a triangle whose 4. From B along it mark 4 points B1, B2, B3, B 4 such
sides are 35 of the corresponding sides of TABC. that BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 = B3 B 4 .
5. Join B 4 C . Make +BB 4 C at B3 such that the ray
Steps of construction: intersects BC at C' . +BB 4 C = +BB3 C'
1. Draw a line segment AB of 5 cm. So. B 4 C | | B3 C'
2. At A make angle +BAY of 45c. 6. From C' make +BC'A' = BCA so that C'A' | | CA
3. Take A as centre and radius AC of 6 cm, TA'BC' is the required triangle.
draw an arc cutting ray AY .
4. Join BC to obtain the triangle ABC .
5. Draw ray AX making an acute angle with AB on
the side opposite to the vertex C .
6. Mark off 5 points A1, A2, A3, A 4, A5, on AX such
that AA1 = A1 A2 = A2 A3 A3, A 4 = A 4 A5 and join
A5 B .
7. Draw A3 B parallel to A5 B which meets AB at B
.
8. From B' draw B 'C ' | | CB meeting AC at C '.
Triangle AB 'C ' is the required triangle, each of
whose sides is ` 35 j of the corresponding sides of
th
TABC .
27. Construct a triangle of sides 6.5 cm, 7.5 cm and 5.5 cm

and then a triangle similar to it whose sides are are 75
of the corresponding sides of the first triangle.
1. Construct triangle ABC in which sides are
AB = 6.5 cm, BC = 7.5 cm and CA = 5.5 cm.
2. Draw a ray BX making an acute angle with BC .
26. Construct a triangle ABC with side BC = 6 cm

, +B = 45c, +A = 105c, Then construct another
triangle whose sides are ¾ times the corresponding
sides of the TABC
In TABC , from angle sum property,

+A + +B + +C = 1800
105c + 45c + +C = 1800
+C = 30c
2. Draw +CBY = 45c and +BCZ = 30c. Let rays
3. Locate 7 points B1, B2, B3, B 4, B 4, B5, B6, B7 on line Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
segment BX. Steps of construction :

4. Join B7 C. Draw a parallel line through B5 to B7 C 1. Draw a line segment AB of length 7 cm.
intersecting extended line segment BC at Al. 2. Draw a circle with A as centre and radius 3 cm.
5. Through Cl draw a line parallel to AC intersecting 3. Draw another circle with B as centre and radius
extended line segment AB at Al. 2 cm.
6. TAlBC l is the required triangle. 4. Draw another circle taking AB as diameter circle,
which intersects first two circles at P and Q , R
28. Construct an isosceles triangle whose base is 7.5 cm and S .
and altitude 3.5 cm then another triangle whose sides 5. Join B to P , B to Q A to R and A to S .
are 74 times the corresponding sides of the isosceles Hence, BP , BQ , AR and AS are the required
triangle. tangents.
Sol : [Board 2018 Comp]
1. Draw a line segment BC of length 7.5 cm.
2. Draw a perpendicular bisector of BC which
intersects the line BC at O .
3. Cut the line OA = 3.5 cm.
4. Join A to B and A to C .
5. Draw a ray BX making an acute angle
with BC .
6. Along BX mark off seven points B1, B2, ......B7
such that BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 ......B6 B7 .
7. Join B7 C . Draw a parallel line through B 4 to
B7 C intersecting line segment BC at C' .
8. Through C' draw a line parallel to AC intersecting
line segment AB at A' . Hence, TA'BC' is a 30. Draw a circle of radius 2 cm with centre O and take
required triangle. a point P outside the circle such that OP = 6.5 cm .
From P , draw two tangents to the circle.
Sol: [Board 2020 OD Standard]
1. Draw a line segment OP of length 6.5 cm.
2. Draw a circle taking O as centre and radius 2 cm.
3. Taking OP as diameter draw another circle which
intersects the first circle at Q and R .
4. Join P to Q and P to R . Hence PQ and PR are
two tangents.
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS 31. Draw two tangents to a circle of radius 4 cm, which
are inclined to each other at an angle of 60c.
29. Draw a line segment AB of length 7 cm. Taking A as Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
centre, draw a circle of radius 3 cm and taking B as Step of construction :

centre, draw another circle of radius 2 cm. Construct 1. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm with O as centre.
tangents to each circle from the centre of the other 2. Draw two radii OA and OB inclined to each other
circle. at an angle of 120c.
3. Draw AP = OA at A and BP = OB at B . which
meet at P . which meet at P .

4. PA and PB are the required tangents inclined to 4. PA and PB are the required tangents inclined to
each other an angle of 60c. each other an angle of 60c.
32. Draw two concentric circles of radii 2 cm and 5 cm. 34. Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. From a point P , 7 cm
Take a point P on the outer circle and construct a away from centre draw two tangents to the circle.
pair of tangents PA and PB to the smaller circle. Measure the length of each tangent.
Measure PA.
Sol : [Board 2019 OD] Steps of Construction :
1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 2 cm. 1. Draw a line segment PO of length 7 cm.
2. Draw another circle with centre O and radius 2. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm.
5 cm. 3. Draw a perpendicular bisector of PO . Let M be
3. Take a point P on outer circle and join OP . the mid-point of PO .
4. Draw perpendicular bisector of OP which 4. Taking M as centre and OM as radius draw a
intersect OP at M . circle. Let this circle intersects the given circle at
5. Draw a circle with centre M which intersects the point Q and R .
inner circle at points A and B . 5. Join PQ and PR . On measuring we get
6. Join AP and BP . Thus AP and BP are required
PQ = PR = 6.3 cm.
tangents.
35. Draw two concentric circle of radii 3 cm and 5 cm.

Taking a point on the outer circle, construct the pair
of tangents to the inner circle.
PA = 52 - 22
= 21 = 4.6 cm 1. Draw a circle with radius 3 cm and centre O .
2. Draw another circle with centre O and radius
33. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. Draw two tangents to 5 cm.
the circle inclined at an angle of 60c to each other. 3. Take a point P on the circumference of outer
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015, OD 2016]
circle and join O to P .
4. Taking OP as diameter draw another circle which
intersect the smallest circle at A and B .
1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm.
5. Join A to P and B to P . AP and BP are the
2. Draw two radii OA and OB inclined to each
required tangents.
other at an angle of 120c.
3. Draw AP = OA at A and BP = OB at B ,
and 2 cm radius respectively.

3. Bisect the line AB . Let mid-point of AB be C .
4. Taking C as centre draw a circle of
radius AC with intersects the two circles
at point P , Q, R and S .
5. Join BP, BQ, AS and AR . BP, BQ and
AR, AS are the required tangents.
36. Draw a line segment AB of length 8 cm. Taking A as

centre, draw a circle of radius 4 cm, and taking B as
centre draw another circle of radius 3 cm. Construct
tangents to each circle of radius centre of the other
circle.
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017, OD 2014]
Steps of Construction : 38. Construct a triangle whose perimeter is 13.5 cm and

1. Draw a line segment AB of length 8 cm. the ratio of the three sides is 2: 3: 4.
2. Draw a circle with centre A and radius 4
cm. Sol : [Board Term-2 2011, 2012]
3. Draw another circle with centre B and Steps of Construction :

radius 3 cm. 1. Draw a line segment PR of length 13.5
4. Taking AB as diameter draw another circle, cm.
which intersects first two circles at P and Q , and 2. At the point P draw a ray PQ making
R and S . an acute angle RPQ with PR.
5. Join B to P , B to Q, A to R and A to S . Thus 3. On PQ mark ^2 + 3 + 4h a points P1, P2, P3, P4, P5,
BP, BQ, AR and AS are the required tangents. P6, P7, P8, P9 such that PP1 = P1 P2 = P2 P3 = P3 P4
= P4 P5 = P5 P6 = P6 P7 = P7 P8 = P8 P9 .
4. Join P9 R
5. Through P2 and P5 draw lines P2 A and P5 B
respectively parallel to P9 R intersecting PR at A
and B respectively.
6. With A as centre and radius AP draw and arc.
ABC is the required triangle.
7. With B as centre and radius BR draw another
arc to intersect first arc.
8. Join A to C and B to C .

centre, draw a circle of radius 3 cm and taking B as
center, draw another circle of radius 2 cm. Construct
tangents to each circle from the centre of the other
circle.
Steps of Construction : 39. Draw a circle of radius of 3 cm. Take two points P
1. Draw a line segment AB of 7 cm. and Q one of its diameter extended on both sides,
2. Taking A and B as centre draw two circle of 3 cm
each at a distance of 7 cm on opposite sides of its
centre. Draw tangents to the circle from these two 2. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm.
points. 3. Draw a perpendicular bisector of PO . Let M be
the mid-point of PO .
4. Taking M as centre and OM as radius draw a
Steps of Construction : circle. Let this circle intersects the given circle at
1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 3 the point Q and R .
cm. 5. Join PQ and PR . On measuring we get
2. Draw its diameterMON and extend it to
both the sides to P and Q. Such that PQ = PR = 6.3 cm.
OP = OQ = 7 cm.
3. Taking diameters as OP and OQ draw two circles
each of which intersects the first circle at the
points A, B and C, D respectively.
4. Join PA, PB, QC and QO to get the required
tangents
42. Draw two concentric circle of radii 3 cm and 5 cm.

Taking a point on the outer circle, construct the pair
of tangents to the inner circle.
1. Draw a circle with radius 3 cm and centre
40. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. Draw two tangents to O.
the circle inclined at an angle of 60c to each other. 2. Draw another circle with centre O and
radius 5 cm.
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015, OD 2016] 3. Take a point P on the circumference of outer
Steps of Construction : circle and join O to P .
1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 4. Taking OP as diameter draw another circle which
6 cm. intersect the smallest circle at A and B .
2. Draw two radii OA and OB inclined to 5. Join A to P and B to P . AP and BP are the
each other at an angle of 120c. required tangents.
3. Draw AP = OA at A and BP = OB at B ,
which meet at P .
4. PA and PB are the required tangents inclined to
each other an angle of 60c.

41. Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. From a point P , 7 cm centre, draw a circle of radius 4 cm, and
away from centre draw two tangents to the circle. taking B as centre draw another circle of
Measure the length of each tangent. radius 3 cm. Construct tangents to each
circle of radius centre of the other circle.
Steps of Construction : Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017, OD 2014]
1. Draw a line segment PO of length 7 cm. Steps of Construction :

1. Draw a line segment AB of length 8 cm. 7. Join B3 C .

2. Draw a circle with centre A and radius 4 cm. 8. From B2 , draw B2 C < B3 C .
3. Draw another circle with centre B and radius 9. From C , draw CAl < CA , meeting BA at the
3 cm. point A. Now AlBlC is the required triangle.
4. Taking AB as diameter draw another circle,
which intersects first two circles at P and Q , and 45. Construct a triangle with side 5 cm, 6 cm and 7 cm
R and S . and then construct another triangle whose sides are
3
5. Join B to P , B to Q, A to R and A to S . Thus 4 times the corresponding sides of the first triangle.
BP, BQ, AR and AS are the required tangents. Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Steps of construction :
2. Draw an arc with B as centre and radius,
AB = 7 cm.
3. With C as centre and radius, AC = 6 cm
, draw another arc, intersecting the arc
drawn in step 2 at the point A.
5. Below BC , make an acute angle +CBX .
6. Along BX mark off four points B1 , B2 , B3 , B 4
such that BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 = B3 B 4 .
7. Join B 4 to C .
8. Draw a line segment B3 C , < B 4 C to meet BC at
C.
44. Construct a triangle with sides 4 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm.
8. From B2 , draw B2 C < B3 C .
Then construct another triangle whose sides are 23 9. Draw line segment CAl < CA to meet AB at Al
times the corresponding sides of the first triangle. Hence, AlBC l is the required triangle.
1. Draw a line segment BC of 5 cm.
AB = 4 cm.
, draw another arc, intersecting the arc
46. Construct a triangle ABC with sides 3 cm, 4 cm and

5 cm. Now, construct another triangle whose sides are
5 times the corresponding sides of TABC .
4

Step of Construction :
AB = 3 cm.
5. Below BC , make an acute angle +CBX . , draw another arc, intersecting the arc
6. Along BX mark off three points B1 , B2 , B3 such drawn in step 2 at the point A.
that BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 . 4. Join AB and AC to obtain TABC .
5. Below BC , make an acute angle +CBX . BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 .

6. Along BC mark off five points B1 , B2 , B3 , B 4 , B5 7. Join B3 C and draw B2 C l < B3 C
such as BB1 = B1 B2 = B1 B2 = B3 B 4 = B 4 B5 . 8. From Cl draw C lAl < CA . Hence, AlBC l is the
7. Join B5 C . required triangle.
8. From B 4 draw B 4 C l < B5 C .
9. From Cl, draw CAl < CA meeting BA at the 48. Construct a TABC with AB = 6 cm , BC = 5 cm
point Al. Hence, Al BC is the required triangle. and +B = 60c. Now construct another triangle whose
sides are 23 time the corresponding sides of TABC .
Step of Construction :
2. At point B , draw a line by making an
angle of 60c
3. With B as centre mark an arc A of
length 6 cm.
4. Join CA.
5. Draw a ray BX marking an acute angle with BC
.
6. Locate three points B1 , B2 , B3 on the line segment
BX at equal distance.
7. Join B3 C . Draw a parallel line through B2 to B3
C intersecting line segment BC at Cl.
47. Construct an equilateral TABC with each side 5 cm. 8. Through Cl draw a line parallel to AC intersecting
Then construct another triangle whose sides are 2 line segment AB at A. Hence, TAlBC l is the
3 required triangle.
times the corresponding sides of TABC .
2. With B as a center and radius BC of 5
cm, draw an arc.
3. With C as center and radius AC of 5
cm, draw another arc meeting the arc
49. Construct a right triangle whose hypotenuse and

one side measure 10 cm and 8 cm respectively. Then
construct another triangle whose sides are 45 times the
corresponding sides of this triangle.
2. Construct AM = BC .
3. Taking C as centre and radius as 10 cm,
4. Join AB and AC to obtain TABC . draw an arc that intersects the ray BM
5. Below BC , construct an acute angle +CBX . at A' .
6. Along BX , mark off 3 points B1 , B2 , B3 such that
4. Join CA to obtain TABC. such that BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 = B3 B 4 .

5. Below BC, make an acute angle CBX. 8. Join B 4 C . Draw a line parallel to B 4 C through
6. Along BX mark off 5 points B1, B2, B3, B 4, B5 such B3 intersecting line segment AB at A' . Thus
that BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 = ..... = B 4 B5 . TA'BC' is the required triangle.
7. Join B5 C.
8. From B 4, Draw B 4 C l | | B5 C. 51. Construct a triangle ABC with BC = 7 cm, +B = 60c
9. From the point Cl draw C lAl | | CA meeting BA and AB = 6 cm. Construct another triangle whose
at point Al. sides are 3 times of the corresponding sides of TABC .
Hence AlBC l is the required triangle. 4
2. At point B draw a line BA making an angle of
60c.
3. With centre C mark an arc of length 6 cm.
4. Join CA.
6. Locate four points B1, B2, B3 and B 4 on the line
segment BX at equal distance.
7. Join B 4 C . Draw a parallel line through B3 to
B 4 C intersecting line segment BC at C' .
8. Through C' draw a line parallel to AC intersecting
extended line segment AB at A’.
Hence TA'BC' is the required triangle.
50. Construct an isosceles triangle whose base is 6 cm

and altitude 4 cm. Then construct another triangle
with sides are 34 times the corresponding sides of the
isosceles triangle.
Steps of Constructions :
2. Draw a perpendicular bisector of BC which
intersects the line BC at Q .
3. Mark A on the line such that OA = 4 cm.
4. Join A to B and C .
52. Draw triangle ABC such that BC = 5 cm,

+ABC = 60c, +ACB = 30c. Now construct TA'BC"
corresponds to TABC with A'B | AB = 3 | 2 .
2. Draw the angles of 60c and 30c on the points B
and C respectively. Which intersect each other at
A.
3. TABC is the given triangle.
5. Locate three points B1, B2 and B3 on line segment
BX . Such that BB1 = B1 B 2 = B2 B3 .
6. Draw a ray BX making an acute angle with BC . 6. Join B2 C .
7. Along BX mark off four points B1, B2, B3 and B 4
7. Draw B3 C | | B2 C to intersect the extended line 7. Join B3 to C .

BC' at C' . 8. Draw B2 C' | | B3 C' to meet BC at C' .
8. Through C' draw a line parallel to AC intersecting 9. From C' , draw line-segment C'A' | | to AC to meet
extended line segment BA at A'. BC at A' .
TA'BC' is the required triangle. Hence, A'BC' is the required triangle.
54. Draw a right triangle in which sides (other that

hypotenuse ) are 8 cm and 6 cm. Then construct
another triangle whose sides are 34 times the
(corresponding) sides of given triangle.
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt.2017]
2. Draw line segment BX making an angle
of 90cat the point B of BC .
3. From B mark an arc on BX at a distance
of 6 cm, Let it is A.
4. Join A to C .
5. Making an acute angle draw a line segment BY
from B .
6. Mark B1, B2, B3, B3, B 4 on BX such that
53. Draw a triangle with sides 4 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm than BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 = B3 B 4 .
construct another triangle whose sides are 2 of the 7. Join B 4 to C .
3
corresponding sides of the first circle. 8. Draw a line segment B3 C' || to B 4 C to meet BC
at C'
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt.2017]
9. Draw line segment C'A' | | to CA to meet AB at
Steps of Construction : A' A'BC' is the required triangle.
2. Taking B as centre and radius 4 cm an
arc.
3. Taking C as centre and radius 6 cm draw
another arc which intersects the first arc ***********
at say A.
4. Join A to B and A to C .
5. Draw a line segment BX making an acute angle
with BC from B .
6. Mark three arcs on BX, B1, B2, B3 such that
BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 .
Page 394 Areas Related to Circles Chap 12
CHAPTER 12
Areas Related to Circles
PRACTICE
ONE MARK QUESTIONS
 The length of the minute hand of clock is 14 cm.
Find the area swept by the minute hand in 15
1. The radii of two circles are 19 cm and 9 cm respectively. minutes.
Find the radius of a circle which has circumference [Board 2020 OD Basic]
equal to sum of their circumferences. Ans : 154 cm2
st
Radius of 1 circle r1 = 9 cm  The length of the minute hand of a clock is 14 cm.
nd
Radius of 2 circle r2 = 19 cm Find the area swept by the minute hand from 9
a.m. to 9.35 a.m.
Let r the radius of required circle. According to
[Board Term-2 2012]
question, circumference of required circle is sum of
Ans : 259.33 cm2
circumference of two circles.
2pr = 2pr1 + 2pr2
2pr = 2p (r1 + r2) 3. The radius of a circle is 17.5 cm. find the area of the
sector of the circle enclosed by two radii and an arc
r = r1 + r2 = 9 + 19 = 28 cm. 44 cm in length.
Hence, radius of required circle is 28 cm Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
PRACTICE Given, arc length = 44 cm

 Find the radius of a circle whose circumference Radius of circle, r = 17.5 cm
is equal to the sum of the circumference of two arc length 2
circles of diameter 36 cm and 20 cm So, area of sector = # pr
2p r
[Board Term-2 2012] arc length # r
Ans : 28 cm = = 44 # 17.5
2 2
= 22 # 17.5 = 385 sq. cm.
2. The minute hand of a clock is 12 cm long. Find the 4. Find the area of the sector of a circle of radius 6 cm
area of the face of the clock described by the minute whose central angle is 30c. (Take p = 3.14 )
hand in 35 minutes.
Radius, r = 6 cm
Angle subtended in 1 minutes = 6c
Central angle, q = 30c
Angle subtended in 35 minutes = 6c # 35 = 210c
Area of the face of the clock by the minute hand, i.e. Area of the sector,
area of sector, pr2 q = 3.14 # 6 # 6 # 30c
pr2 q = 22 12 # 12 # 210c 360c 360c
360c 7 # 360c = 9.42 cm2
= 22 # 12 # 12 # 7 # 30c
7 12 # 30c 5. What is the perimeter of the sector with radius
= 22 # 12 = 264 cm2 10.5 cm and sector angle 60º.
Chap 12 Areas Related to Circles Page 395
As per question the digram is shown below.

Perimeter of the sector, Area of circle = pr 2
p = 2r + 2prq Area of the shaded region = p (2) 2 - p (1) 2

360º
= 4p - p = 3p sq cm
= 10.5 # 2 + 2 # 22 # 10.5 # 60
7 360
8. The diameter of two circle with centre A and B are
= 21 + 11 = 32 cm
16 cm and 30 cm respectively. If area of another circle
with centre C is equal to the sum of areas of these
PRACTICE
two circles, then find the circumference of the circle
 What is the perimeter of a sector of a circle whose with centre C.
central angle is 90º and radius is 7 cm?
[Board Term-2 2012]
Ans : 25 cm Let the radius of circle with centre C be r .
According to question we have,
p (8) 2 + p (15) 2 = pr2
6. If the circumferences of two concentric circles forming 64p + 225p = pr2
a ring are 88 cm and 66 cm respectively. Find the
width of the ring. 289p = pr2
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013] r2 = 289 or r = 17 cm

As per question statement figure is shown below. Circumference of circle
2pr = 2p # 17
= 34p cm
9. The diameter of a wheel is 1.26 m. What the distance

covered in 500 revolutions.
Distance covered in 1 revolution is equal to

Circumference of the outer circle, 2pr1 = 88 cm circumference of wheel and that is pd .
Distance covered in 500 revolutions
r1 = 88 # 7 = 14 cm
2 # 22
= 500 # p # 1.26
Circumference of the outer circle, 2pr2 = 66 cm
= 500 # 22 # 1.26
r2 = 66 # 7 = 21 cm = 10.5 cm 7
2 # 22 2
Width of the ring, = 1980 m. = 1.98 km
r1 - r2 = 14 - 10.5 cm = 3.5 cm 10. A thin wire is in the shape of a circle of radius 77 cm.
It is bent into a square. Find the side of the square
7. Two coins of diameter 2 cm and 4 cm respectively are
(Taking, p = 227 ).
kept one over the other as shown in the figure, find
the area of the shaded ring shaped region in square Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
cm. Let side of square be x .

Perimeter of the circle = Perimeter of square
2pr = 4x
2 # 22 # 77 = 4x
7
x = 2 # 22 # 11 = 121
4
Thus side of the square is 121 cm.
11. What is the area of the largest square that can be

inscribed in a circle of radius 12 cm.? Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] From Pythagoras theorem we have

As per question the digram is shown below. AB = (16) 2 + (12) 2
= 256 + 144
= 400 = 20 cm
Radius of circle = 10 cm.
Perimeter of shaded region
pr + AP + PB = 3 # 10 + 12 + 16
= 30 + 12 + 16 = 58 cm
Radius of the circle =12 cm
14. What is the diameter of a circle whose area is equal
Diameter of circle = 24 cm to the sum of the areas of two circles of radii 40 cm
Diagonal of square = 24 cm and 9 cm?
Let the side of square be x . Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012]
From Pythagoras theorem we have Area of the circle = sum of areas of two circles
x2 + x2 = (24) 2 pR2 = p # (40) 2 + p (9) 2
2x2 = 24 # 24 R2 = 1600 + 81
x2 = 24 # 24 = 288 R = 1681 = 41 cm
2
Thus area of square, Thus diameter of given circle = 41 # 2 = 82 cm
x2 = 288 cm2 PRACTICE
PRACTICE  Find the diameter of a circle whose area is equal

to the sum of areas of two circles of diameter 16
 Find the area of the square that can be inscribed cm and 12 cm.
in a circle of radius 8 cm.
[Board Term-2 2012]
[Board Term-2 2015]
Ans : 20 cm
Ans : 128 cm2
15. If the radius of a circle is doubled, what about its

12. What is the name of a line which intersects a circle at area?
two distinct points?
Let the radius of the circle be r , then area
A line intersecting the circle at two distinct
points is called a secant. will be pr2
Now if radius is doubled,
13. In the given figure, AB is the diameter where
AP = 12 cm and PB = 16 cm. Taking the value of p Area = p (2r) 2 = 4pr2 = 4 # pr2
as 3, find the perimeter of the shaded region. The area will be 4 times the area of the first circle.
16. Find the area (in cm2 ) of the circle that can be
x = 5
inscribed in a square of side 8 cm. 360 36
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] x = 50º
19. If circumference of a circle is 44 cm, then what will be

the area of the circle?
Circumference of a circle = 44 cm
Radius of the circle = 22 22 = 7 cm
2# 7
Area of the circle = pr2 = 22 # 7 # 7
Side of square = diameter of circle = 8 cm 7
= 154 cm2
Radius of circle, r = 8 = 4 cm
2
Area of circle, pr2 = p # 4 # 4 = 16p cm2 20. A steel wire when bent in the form of a square encloses
an area or 121 cm2. If the same wire is bent in the form
PRACTICE of a circle, then find the circumference of the circle.
 Find the area of circle that can be inscribed in a Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
square of side 10 cm.
Area of square = (side)2 = 121 cm2
Ans : 25p cm2 Side of square = 121 = 11 cm
Parameter of square = 4 # 11 = 44 cm
17. If the perimeter and the area of the circle are Circumference of the circle = Perimeter of the square
numerically equal, then find the radius of the circle. = 44 cm
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2012] 21. If the circumference of a circle increases from 4p to
Perimeter of the circle = area of the circle. 8p , then what about its area ?
2pr = pr2 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013]
r = 2 units Circumference of the circle

2pr = 4p cm or r = 2 cm.
18. In given fig., O is the centre of a circle. If the area of
the sector OAPB is 365 times the area of the circle, Increased circumference,
then find the value of x. 2pR = 8p cm or R = 4 cm.
Area of the 1st circle
pr2 = p # ^2 h2 = 4p cm
Area of the new circle
pR2 = p ^4 h2 = 16p = 4 # 4p
Area of the new circle = 4 times the area of first circle.
22. If the radius of the circle is 6 cm and the length of an

arc 12 cm. Find the area of the sector.
Area of the sector,

Area of the sector = 1 #(length of the corresponding
2 2
A7 = pr q arc)# radius
360º
Area of sector OAPB is 5 times the area of circle. = 1 # l # r = 1 # 12 # 6
36 2 2
Thus 2
pr # x 5
= pr 2 = 36 cm2
360 36
23. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right

angle at the centre. Find area of minor segment.
^p = 3.14h
Radius of circle r = 10 cm, central angle = 90c

Area of minor segment,
= 1 # 102 # : 3.14 # 90 - sin 90cD
2 180
1
= # 100 # 61.57 - 1@ = 28.5 cm2
2 Now, area of sector OACBO
)
24. If the perimeter of a semi-circular protractor is 36 cm, = 1 # radius # ACB
2
find its diameter. Ûse p = 227 h .
Sol : = 1 # 6.5 # 18 = 58.5 cm2
[Board Term-2 2012] 2
Perimeter pr + 2r = ^p + 2h r = 36
PRACTICE
22
or, b 7 + 2 l r = 36 or, r = 7  The perimeter of a sector of a circle of radius 5.2
cm is 16.4 cm. Find the area of the sector.
Diameter = 14 cm.
Ans : 15.6 cm2
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
27. A piece of wire 22 cm long is bent into the form an
25. The areas of two circles are in the ratio 9 : 4, then arc of a circle subtending an angle of 60c at its centre.
what is the ratio of their circumferences? Find the radius of the circle. 6Use p = 227 @
Given, From the given information we have drawn the figure
Area of 1st circle = 9 as below.
Area of 2 nd circle 4
2
i.e., pr 1 = 9
pr 22 4
2
r1 = 9
r 22 4
r1 = 3
r2 2
Ratio of their circumference
2pr1 = r1 = 3
2pr2 r2 2 Here AB is an arc of a circle of radius r .
Hence, the ratio of their circumference is 3 : 2.
Length of arc = 2prq
360c
26. The perimeter of a sector of a circle with radius 6.5
cm is 31 cm, then find the area of the sector. 22 = 2 # 22 # r # 60c
7 # 360c
Sol :
22 = 22 # r & r = 21
Given, Radius = 6.5 cm 21

Hence, the radius of the circle is 21 cm.
Let O be the centre of a circle with radius 6.5 cm and
OACBO be its sector with perimeter 31 cm. 28. The area of a circular play ground is 22176 cm2 . Find
Thus, we have the cost of fencing this ground at the rate of 50 per
) metre.
OA + OB + ACB = 31 cm
) Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
6.5 + 6.5 + ACB = 31 cm
) Area of a circular play ground,
ACB = 18 cm
A = 22176 cm2 As per question the digram is shown below.

2 2
i.e., pr = 22176 cm
r2 = 22176 # 7
22
= 7056
r = 84 cm = 0.84 m
Perimeter of ground,
p = 2pr
Cost of fencing this ground, Area of remaining part,
=< 50 # 2pr = Area of rectangle - Area of semi-circle
=< 50 # 2 # 22 # 0.84 =< 264 = 20 # 14 - 1 p72

7 2
29. The wheel of a motorcycle is of radius 35 cm. How = 280 - 1 # 22 # 7 # 7
2 7
many revolutions are required to travel a distance of
11 m? = 280 - 77 = 203 cm
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic] Hence, area of remaining part is 203 cm.
Given, radius of wheel, r = 35 cm
32. In fig. arcs are drawn by taking vertices A, B and C of
Circumference of the wheel, an equilateral triangle of side 10 cm, to intersect the
2pr = 2 # 22 # 35 = 220 cm side BC , CA and AB at their respective mid-points
7 D, E and F . Find the area of the shaded region. (Use
Number of revolutions required to cover 11 m or p = 3.14 ).
1100 cm,
= 1100 = 5 revolutions
220
30. If the perimeter of a protractor is 72 cm,

calculate its area. Use p = 227 .
Perimeter of semi-circle
pr + 2r = 72 cm
^p + 2h r = 72 cm
22
b 7 + 2l r = 72 cm Figure given below shows the single sector.
r b 22 + 14 l = 72 cm
7
36 r = 72 & r = 14 cm
7
Area of protractor,
1 pr 2 = 1 22 14 14
2 2# 7 # #
= 308 cm2
31. A paper is in the form of a rectangle ABCD in which

AB = 20 cm, BC = 14 cm. A semi-circular portion Since DABC is an equilateral triangle
with BC as diameter is cut off. Find the area of the +A = +B = +C = 60c
part. Use p = 227 .
Here we have 3 sector and area of all three sector is
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012, Foreign 2014 ]
equal.
Area of sector AFEA, 35. Find the area of the corresponding major sector of a
q 2
circle of radius 28 cm and the central angle 45c.
Area AFEA = # pr
360c Sol : [Board Term-2 2015]
= 60c # p (5) 2 = 25 p cm2 As per question statement figure is shown below;

360c 6
Thus total area of shaded region
Area = 3 b 25 p l = 25 # 3.14
6 2
= 39.25 cm2
33. Two circular pieces of equal radii and maximum areas,

touching each other are cut out from a rectangular
cardboard of dimensions 14 cm # 7 cm. find the area
of the remaining cardboard. Ûse p = 227 h Area of major sector,
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013] = area of circle - area of minor sector
As per question the digram is shown below. q
= pr2 b1 -
360c l
= 22 # 28 # 28 b1 - 45c l
7 360c
= 22 # 28 # 28 # 7
7 8
= 2156 cm2
36. Find the perimeter of the shaded region if ABCD

Area of the remaining cardboard is a square of side 21 cm and APB and CPD are
= Area of rectangular cardboard - 2 # Area of circle semicircle. Use p = 227 .
= 14 # 7 - 2p b 7 l
2
2
= 14 # 7 - 2 # 22 # b 7 l
2
7 2
= 98 - 44 # 49 = 98 - 77 = 21
7 4
Hence, area of remaining card board is 21 cm2
34. If the difference between the circumference and the

radius of a circle is 37 cm, then using p = 227 , find the
circumference (in cm) of the circle. Sol : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
It may be seen easily that perimeter of the

shaded region include AD , BC and two semi
Let r be the radius of the circle. circle arc.
Now, circumference - radius = 37 Thus perimeter of the shaded region,
2pr - r = 37 = AD + BC +
2 # 22 r - r = 37 + lengths of the arcs of semi circles APB and CPD

7
= 21 + 21 + 2 b 22 # 21 l = 42 + 66 = 108 cm.
rb - 7 l
22 = 37 7 2
7
37. The diameters of the front and rear wheels of a tractor
r # 37 = 37
7 are 80 cm and 200 cm respectively. Find the number of
revolutions of rear wheel to cover the distance which
r = 37 # 7 = 7 cm
37 the front wheel covers in 800 revolutions.
Circumference of the circle,
2pr = 2 # 22 # 7 = 44 cm. Circumference of front wheel,

7
pd = 22 # 80 = 1760 cm
7 7
Distance covered by front wheel in 800 revolutions
= 1760 # 800
7
Circumference of rear wheel
= 22 # 200 = 4400 cm
7 7
Revolutions made by rear wheel Let +A = q 1 , +B = q 2 and +C = q 3 .
1760
# 800 Now, area which can be grazed by the horses is the
= 7
4400
7 sum of the areas of three sectors with central angles
= 1760 # 800 = 320 revolutions q 1 , q 2 and q 3 each with radius r = 7 m.
4400
pr2 q 1 + pr2 q 2 + pr2 q 3 = pr2 (q + q + q ) ...(1)
360c 360c 360c 360c 1 2 3
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS From angle sum property of a triangle we have

q 1 + q 2 + q 3 = 180c
38. A road which is 7 m wide surrounds a circular park Substituting above in equation (1) we have
whose circumference is 88 m. Find the area of the pr 2 q 1 + pr 2 q 2 + pr 2 q 3 = pr 2 pr 2
# 180c = 2
road. 360c 360c 360c 360c
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] = 22 # 1 # (7) 2
7 2
Let w = 7 m be the width of road. 22 1
= 7 7
Circumference of a circular park, 7 #2# #
2pr = 88 m = 77 m2
Hence, the area grazed by the horses is 77 m2
Inner radius of park,
r = 88 = 88 # 7 40. In Figure, PQ and AB are two arcs of concentric
2p 2 # 22 circles of radii 7 cm and 3.5 cm respectively, with
= 2 # 7 = 14 m centre O . If +POQ = 30c, then find the area of
shaded region.
Outer radius of park including road width,
R = r+w
= 14 + 7 = 21 m
Area of the road,
p (R2 - r2) = p (R + r) (R - r)
= 22 (21 + 14) (21 - 14)

7
= 22 35 7 = 770 m2
7 # #
Hence, the area of the road is 770 m2 . Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
We redraw the given figure as below.

39. Three horses are tied each with 7 m long rope at three
corners of a triangular field having sides 20 m, 34 m
and 42 m. Find the area of the plot which can be
grazed by the horses.

the figure below.
Area of shaded region r = 117.6 = 3.92

30
p [R2 - r2] q = 22 [72 - (3.5) 2] 30c
360c 7 360c Thus r = 3.92 cm.
= 22 (7 + 3.5) (7 - 3.5) # 1
7 12 43. Sides of a right triangular field are 25 m, 24 m and
7 m. At the three corners of the field, a cow, a buffalo
= 22 # 10.5 # 3.5 # 1
7 12 and a horse are tied separately with ropes of 3.5 m
= 9.625 cm2 each to graze in the field. Find the area of the field
that cannot be grazed by these animals.
41. A horse is tethered to one corner of a rectangular field Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
of dimensions 70 m # 52 m , by a rope of length 21 m.
How much area of the field can it graze?
the figure below.

the figure below.
Length of the rope is 21 cm.

Shaded portion AEFA indicates the area in which the
horse can graze. Clearly it is the area of a quadrant of Let +A = q 1 , +B = q 2 and +C = q 3 .
a circle of radius, r = 21 m.
Now, area which can be grazed by the animals is the
Area of quadrant, sum of the areas of three sectors with central angles
1 pr 2 = 1 22 (21) 2 q 1 , q 2 and q 3 each with radius r = 3.5 m.
4 4# 7 #
pr2 q 1 + pr2 q 2 + pr2 q 3 = pr2 (q + q + q ) ...(1)
= 1 # 22 # 21 # 21 360c 360c 360c 360c 1 2 3
4 7
From angle sum property of a triangle we have
= 346.5 m2
q 1 + q 2 + q 3 = 180c
Hence, the graze area is 346.5 m2
Substituting above in equation (1) we have
42. The circumference of a circle exceeds the diameter by pr 2 q 1 + pr 2 q 2 + pr 2 q 3 = pr 2 pr 2
16.8 cm. Find the radius of the circle. Use p = 227 . # 180c = 2
360c 360c 360c 360c
= 22 1 (3.5) 2
7 #2#
Let radius of the circle be r .
= 19.25
Now as per question statement we have Hence, the area grazed by the horses is 19.25 m2 .
Circumference = Diameter+16.8 cm
Area of TABC = 1 # AB # BC
2
2pr = 2r + 16.8 cm
1
= # 24 # 7 = 84 m2
2 b 22 l r = 2r + 16.8 2
7
Area of the field that cannot be grazed by these
44 r = 2r + 16.8 animals = Area of triangle - Area of three sectors
7
= 84 - 1925 = 64.75 m2
44r = 14r + 16.8 # 7
30r = 177.6 44. In the given figure, AOB is a sector of angle 60c of a
circle with centre O and radius 17 cm. If AP = OB
and AP = 15 cm, find the area of the shaded region. = 78.5 - 50 = 28.5 cm2
Also area of circle = p ^10h2
= 3.14 # 100 = 314 cm2
Area of major segment ALBQA = 314 - 28.5
= 285.5 cm2
46. Find the area of shaded region shown in the given

figure where a circular arc of radius 6 cm has been
drawn with vertex O of an equilateral triangle OAB
of side 12 cm as centre.
Here OA = 17 cm AP = 15 cm and DOPA is right

triangle
Using Pythagoras theorem, we have
OP = 172 - 152 = 8 cm
Area of the shaded region
= Area of the sector TOAB – Area of DOPA
= 60 # pr2 - 1 # b # h
360 2
= 60c # 22 # 17 # 17 - 1 # 8 # 15
360c 7 2
= 151.38 - 60 = 91.38 cm2 Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign SQP 2016]
Since OAB is an an equilateral triangle,we have

45. In the given figure, a chord AB of the circle with
+AOB = 60c
centre O and radius 10 cm, that subtends a right
angle at the centre of the circle. Find the area of the Area of shaded region = Area of major sector + (Area
minor segment AQBP . Hence find the area of major of DAOB - Area of minor sector)
segment ALBQA. (Use p = 3.14 )
= 300c # 22 # ^6 h2 + c 3 ^12h2 - 60 # 22 # 62 m
360c 7 4 360 7
= 660 + 36 3 - 132 = 36 3 + 528 cm2
7 7 7
47. Find the area of minor segment of a circle of radius 14

cm, when its centre angle is 60c. Also find the area of
corresponding major segment. Use p = 227 .
Here, r = 14 cm, q = 60c

Area of minor segment,
pr2 q - 1 r2 sin q = p ^14h2 60c - 1 # ^14h2 # 3

360c 2 360c 2 2
Area of sector OAPB , = 22 # 14 # 14 # 60c - 1 # 14 # 14 # 3
7 360c 2 2
= 90 p ^10h2 = 25p cm2
360 = b 308 - 49 3 l = 17.9 cm2 approx.
3
Area of DAOB , 1
= # 10 # 10 = 50 cm2
2 Area of major segment = pr2 - b 308 - 49 3 l
3
Area of minor segment AQBP ,
= 22 14 14 - 308 + 49 3
= ^25p - 50h cm2 7 # # 3
= 25 # 3.14 - 50 = 1540 + 49 3 = 598.10
3
= 598 cm2 approx.
48. In the given figure, find the area of the shaded region,
enclosed between two concentric circles of radii 7 cm
and 14 cm where +AOC = 40c. Use p = 227 .
From the given figure area of right-angled DABC ,

1 AC AB = 1 10 10 = 50
2 # 2# #
Area of quadrant APR is the 14 of the circle of radii
7 cm.
Thus area of quadrant APR of the circle of radii 7 cm
Radii of two concentric circle is 7 cm and 14 cm.
1p 7 2 = 1 22 49 = 38.5 cm2
Angle +AOC = 40c, 4 ^ h 4# 7 #
Angle +AOC = 360c - 40c = 320c
Area of base PBCR
Area of shaded region,
= Area of DABC - Area of quadrant APR
q p R2 - r2 = 320c 22 142 - 72
360c 6 @ 360c # 7 6 @
= 50 - 38.5 = 11.5 cm2
= 8 # 22 # (14 # 2 - 7)
9 51. In the fig., PSR, RTQ and PAQ are three semi-circles
of diameters 10 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm region respectively.
= 8 # 22 # 21 = 8 # 22 # 7
9 3 Find the perimeter of shaded region. Use p = 227 .
= 8 # 154 cm2
3
Required area, = 1232 cm2
3
= 410.67 cm2
49. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle

of 60c at the centre. Find the area of sector formed
by the arc.
We have r = 21 cm and q = 60c Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
Area formed the sector = q # pr2 Perimeter of shaded region

360
= Perimeter of semi-circles PSR + RTQ + PAQ
= 60 c 22
# 7 # 21 # 21 = p ^5 h + p ^1.5h + p ^3.5h
360c
= 1 # 22 # 3 # 21 = p ^10h
6
= 11 # 21 = 231 cm2 = 22 # 10 = 220 = 31.4 cm
7 7
50. A momento is made as shown in the figure. Its base 52. In fig. APB and AQP are semi-circle, and AO = OB
PBCR is silver plate from the front side. Find the . If the perimeter of the figure is 47 cm, find the area
area which is silver plated. Use p = 227 . of the shaded region. Use p = 227 .
The given figure is combination of one rectangle and

two semicircle of same radii .
Required area,
= area of two semi-circles + area of rectangle
= area of one circle + area of rectangle
= pr2 + ^l # b h
(where r is radius of circle and l and b are length and
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] breadth of rectangle)
We have redrawn the given figure as shown below; = 22 # 72 + ^16 # 14h
7
= 22 # 7 # 7 + ^16 # 14h
7
= 154 + 224 = 378 m2
Perimeter of shaded region is 31.4 cm approx.
54. Find the area of the shaded region in figure, if

BC = BD = 8 cm, AC = AD = 15 cm and O is the
centre of the circle. (Take p = 3.14 )
Let r be the radius of given circle. It is given that
perimeter of given figure is 47 cm.
2pr - 1 ^2pr h + 2r = 47
4
3pr + 2r = 47
2
r b 3 # 22 + 2 l = 47
2 7
33
r b + 2 l = 47
7
r = 47 # 7 = 7 cm
Now, area of shaded region
Since +ADB and +ACB are angle in a semicircle,
A = area of circle - 1 area of circle
4 +ADB = +ACB = 90c
3
= area of circle
4 Since TADB , TACB
= 3 pr2 = 3 # 22 # 7 # 7 Thus arTADB = arTACB

4 4 7
= 1 # 15 # 8 = 60 cm2
= 3 # 77 2
2
and arTADB + arTACB = 2 # 60 = 120 cm2
= 115.5 cm2
Now in TABC , we have
53. Find the area of the adjoining diagram.
AB = AC2 + BC2
= 152 + 82 = 225 + 64
= 17 cm
Area of circle pr2 = 22 # 17 # 17

7 2 2
= 226.87 cm2
Area of shaded portion,
= area of circle-area of sum of TACB and TADB . Area of shaded portion,

= 226.87 - 120 = 106.87 cm 2
= Area of semicircle-area of TABC
Hence, area of shaded region = 1 pr2 - 1 #base#height
2 2
= 106.87 cm2
1
= # 22 (21) 2 - 1 # 42 # 21
2 7 # 2
55. In the figure, TABC is in the semi-circle, find the
area of the shaded region given that AB = BC = 4 = 1 # 22 # 21 # 21 - 1 # 42 # 21
2 7 2
cm.(Use p = 3.14 )
= 11 # 3 # 21 - 21 # 21
= 693 - 441 = 252
Hence, the area of shaded portion = 252 cm2
57. In fig., find the area of the shaded region ( p = 3.14 )
As TABC is a triangle in semi-circle, +B is right

angle,
AC = 42 + 42 = 4 2 cm
Radius of circle 4 2 = 2 2 cm
. 2
Area of shaded portion,
= Area of the semi-circle-(Area of TABC )
= & 1 p # ^2 2 h 0 - & 1 # 4 # 40
2
2 2 Sol : [Board Term-2 2011, Delhi 2015]
= & 1 # 3.14 # 80 - 8 We have redrawn the given figure as shown below.

2
= 12.56 - 8 = 4.56 cm2
56. In the figure, TACB is in the semi-circle. Find the

area of shaded region given that AB = 42 cm.
Sol : [Board Term-2 2014] 3 + r + 2r + r + 3 = 14

Here base of triangle is equal to the diameter of
4r + 6 = 14 & r = 2
semicircle which is 42 cm.
Thus radius of the semi-circle formed inside is 2 cm
Base of triangle = diameter of semicircle
and length of the side of square formed inside the
= 42 cm semi-circle is 4 cm.
and its heigh = radius of semicircle Area of square ABCD
= 14 # 14 = 196 cm2
= 42 = 21 cm
2
Thus area of 4 semi circle = 4 # 1 pr2

l
equilateral triangle, side of triangle will be 3 .
2
Area enclosed by the triangle,
= 2 # 3.14 # 2 # 2 = 25.12 cm2
3 l 2 = 121 3
Area of the square formed inside the semi-circle 4 #b3l
1 l 2 = 121
(2r) 2 = 4 # 4 = 16 cm2 4 #b3l
Area of the shaded region, 1 l = 11
2#3
= area of square ABCD
l = 66 cm
- (Area of 4 semi-circle +Area of square) Same wire is bent in the form of circle. Thus
= 196 - ^25.12 + 16h circumference of circle will be 66.
= 196 - 41.12 = 154.88 cm2 2pr = 66
r = 66 = 66 22 = 21
2p 2 # 7 2
58. AB and CD are two diameters of a circle
perpendicular to each other and OD is the Area enclosed by the circle
diameter of the smaller circle. If OA = 7 cm,
pr2 = 22 # 21 # 21 = 693 = 346.5 cm2
find the area of the shaded region. 7 2 2 2
60. In the given figure, AB is the diameter of the largest
semi-circle. AB = 21 cm, AM = MN = NB . Semi-
circle are drawn with AM, MN and NB as shown.
Using p = 227 , calculate the area of the shaded region.

We have AB = 21 cm
Area of a circle with DO as diameter
Radius of semi-circle with diameter AB ,
pr2 = p b 7 l = 22 # 7 # 7 = 77 sq.cm
2
2 7 2 2 2
R = 21
Area of semi-circle with AB as diameter 2
pr 12 = 1 p 7 2 = 1 22 7 7 = 77 sq.cm Here AM = MN = NB = 21 = 7 cm
2 ^ h
3
2 2# 7 # #
Thus radii of smaller semi circle r = 7 cm
Area of TABC = 1 # 14 # 7 = 49 sq.cm 2
2
Area of semi-circle with radius R
Area of shaded region 1 pR 2 = 1 22 21 21 = 693 cm2
= Area of circle +Area of semi-circle -Area of TABC 2 2# 7 # 2 # 2 4
Area of semi-circle with diameter AM , MN and NB
= 77 + 77 - 49 = 66.5 cm2 are equal
2
1 pr 2 = 1 22 7 7 = 77 cm2
59. A wire when bent in the form of an equilateral triangle 2 2# 7 #2#2 4
encloses an area of 121 3 cm2. If the wire is bent in Area of shaded region
the form of a circle, find the area enclosed by the
circle. Use p = 227 . = Area largest semicircle + smallest semicircle
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] = 693 + 77 = 770 = 192.5 cm2

4 4 4
Let l be length of wire. If it is bent in the form of an
61. In the given figure, TPQR is an equilateral triangle of Use p = 22

7 .
side 8 cm and D, E, F are centres of circular arcs, each
of radius 4 cm. Find the area of shaded region. (Use
p = 3.14 ) and 3 = 1.732
We have AB = 7 cm
DE = 4 cm, and
BF = 3.5 cm
Sol : [Board Term-2, 2012] Now DC = DE + EC = 4 + 7 = 11 cm
Here angle +P = +Q = +R = 60c because triangle Area of Trapezium ABCD
is equilateral. side of triangle is 8 cm.
Consider circular section PDE . Radius of circular arc Area j = 1 (DC + AB) (BF)
2
is 4 cm.
= 1 ^11 + 7h # 3.5 = 1 # 18 # 3.5
2 2
= 31.5 cm2
Area of circular sector,
Area7 = 30º # 22 # 7 # 7
360º 7
= 1 # 22 # 7
12
= 12.83 cm2
Area of sector PDF , = Area j - Area7
q 2 60c = 31.5 - 12.83 = 18.67 cm2
# pr = # 3.14 # 4 # 4
360c 360c
= 1 # 3.14 # 16 = 8.373
6
Area of shaded region
= Area of TPQR - 3 (area of sector)
63. In the given figure ABCD is a trapezium with
3 8 2 - 3 8.373
4 ^ h
= # AB | | DC, AB = 18 cm and DC = 32 cm and the
distance between AB and AC is 14 cm. If arcs of
= 16 3 - 3 # 8.373
equal radii 7 cm taking A, B, C and D have been
= 16 # 1.732 - 25.12 drawn, then find the area of the shaded region.
= 27.712 - 25.12 = 2.59 cm2
62. Adjoining fig, ABCD is a trapezium with AB | | DC

and +BCD = 30c. Fig. BGEC is a sector of a circle
with centre C and AB = BC = 7 cm, DE = 4 cm and
BF = 3.5 cm, then find the area of the shaded region.
Sol : [ Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]

= 49 + 576 = 625
In trapezium ABCD, we have AB = 18 cm, CD = 32
RQ = 25 cm
cm AB | | CD and distance between || lines = 14 cm
and the radius of each sector = 7 cm. Area of TRPQ = 1 # RP # PQ
2
Area of trapezium ABCD ,
1
= # 7 # 24
Area j = 1 (18 + 32) # 14 2
2
= 84 cm2
= 1 # 50 # 14
2 area of semi-circle = 1 # pr2
2
= 350 cm 2
= # 22 # b 25 l
1 2
Let, +A = q , +B = q 2, +C = q 3 and +D = q 4 2 7 2
Area of sector A, 11
= # 625 = 6875 cm
7#4 28
q 1 pr 2 = q 1 22
# 7 #7#7 Now, area of shaded region
360c 360c
= area of semi-circle - area of TRPQ
= q 1 # 154 cm2
360c
= 6875 - 84 = 6875 - 2352
28 28
area of sector B = q 2 # 154 cm2
360c
= 4523
28
area of sector C = q 3 # 154 cm2
360c = 161.54 cm2
area of sector D = q 4 # 154 cm2
360c 65. Find the area of the shaded region in Figure, where
area of 4 sectors = q 1 + q 2 + q 3 + q 4 # 154 arcs drawn with centres A, B , C and D intersect in
360c pairs at midpoint P , Q , R and S of the sides AB ,
Area 4 7 = 360 c BC , CD and DA respectively of a square ABCD of
# 154 = 154 cm2
360c side 12 cm. [Use p = 3.14 ]
Thus area of shaded region,
= Area j - Area 4 7
= 350 - 154 = 196 cm2
64. Find the area of the shaded region in Figure, if

PQ = 24 cm, PR = 7 cm and O is the centre of the
circle.
Sol : [Board 2018]
Radius of each arc drawn is r = = 6 cm.

12
2
Area of one quadrant is 14 pr2 , thus area of four

quadrants,
4 # 14 pr2 = p # 62 = 3.14 # 36
= 113.04 cm2
We have PQ = 24 cm
Area of square ABCD ,
PR = 7 cm
= 12 # 12 = 144 cm2
The angle in the semicircle is right angle, therefore
+RPQ = 90c Hence Area of shaded region
= 144 - 113.04
In TRPQ , RQ2 = PR2 + PQ2
= 30.96 cm2
RQ2 = (7) 2 + (24) 2
66. In Figure, ABCD is a square with side 2 2 cm and = 3.14 # 169 = 530.66 cm2
inscribed in a circle. Find the area of the shaded 8 8
region.(Use p = 3.14 ). The angle subtended on a semicircle is a right angle,
thus +ACB = 90c
In DABC ,
Sol : [Board 2019 OD] AC2 + BC2 = AB2
Side of square, a = 2 2 cm. 122 + BC2 = 169
Area of square a2 = (2 2 ) 2 = 8 cm2 BC2 = ^160 - 144h = 25
Length of the diagonal of a square is given by, BC = 5 cm
d =a 2
Also area of triangle DABC ,
=2 2# 2 = 4 cm
D = 1 # Base # Hight
Since, the square is inscribed in a circle, hence the 2
diagonal of square will be the diameter of the circle, = 1 # AC # BC
2
Radius, r = d = 4 = 2 cm
2 2 = 1 # 12 # 5
Area of the circle, 2
pr2 = 3.14 # (2) 2 = 12.56 cm2 = 30 cm2
Therefore, area of shaded region Area of shaded region,

= Area of circle - Area of the square p r2 - T = 530.66 - 30
2 8
= (12.56 - 8) = 4.56 cm2
= ^66.3325 - 30h cm2
67. In the figure, O is the centre of circle such that = 36.3325 cm2
diameter AB = 13 cm and AC = 12 cm. BC is joined.
Find the area of the shaded region. ( p = 3.14 ) 68. Four equal circles are described at the four corners of
a square so that each touches two of the others. The
shaded area enclosed between the circle is 247 cm2.
Find the radius of each circle.
As per question statement the figure is shown below.

Let r be the radius of each circle.
We redraw the given figure as below.

Radius of semi circle ACB ,
r = 13 cm
2
Area of semicircle,
p r2 = 3.14 13 13
2 2 # 2 # 2
Area of square – Area of 4 sectors = 24 cm2 Therefore, area of shaded region

7 = Area of quadrant OPBQ - area of square OABC
90 º 24
^2r h - 4 b pr # 360º l = 7
2 2
= 353.25 - 225 = 128.25 cm2
4r2 - 22 r2 = 24
7 7 70. Find the area of the shaded region in Figure, if ABCD
28r2 - 22r2 = 24 is a rectangle with sides 8 cm and 6 cm and O is the
7 7 centre of circle. (Take p = 3.14 )
2
6r = 24
r2 = 4 & r = ! 2
Thus radius of each circle is 2 cm.
69. In Figure, a square OABC is inscribed in a quadrant

OPBQ . If OA = 15 cm , find the area of the shaded
region. (Use p = 3.14 ).
In TABC , +B = 90c
Using Pythagoras theorem, we have
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
= 82 + 62 = 64 + 36 = 100
AC = 10 cm
Since, AC is the diameter of circle,
We have redrawn the figure given below.
Radius of circle, r = 5 cm
Area of the shaded region
= ârea of the circleh - (area of the rectangle)
= pr2 - ÂB # BC h
= 3.14 # 52 - ^8 # 6h
= 78.5 - 48 = 30.5 cm2
71. An elastic belt is placed around the rim of a pulley

Using Pythagoras theorem in TBAO , of radius 5 cm. From one point C on the belt elastic
OB2 = OA2 + AB2 = 152 + 152 belt is pulled directly away from the centre O of the
pulley until it is at P, 10 cm from the point O. Find
= 225 + 225 = 450 the length of the belt that is still in contact with the
OB = 450 = 15 2 pulley. Also find the shaded area.
(Use p = 3.14 and 3 = 1.73 )
Thus radius OB = 15 2 cm.
Area of square = (OA) 2 = (15) 2 = 225 cm2
Now, area of quadrant,
pr2 = 1 3.14 (15 2 ) 2
4 4# #
= 1 # 3.14 # 225 # 2
4
= .14 # 225
3
2
= 353.25 cm2 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
Here AP is tangent at point A on circle. = (area of outer rectangle + area of outer semicircles)
Thus +OAP = 90c – (area of inner rectangle + area of inner semicircles)
Now cos q = OA = 5 = 1 = cos 60º = 4240 + 35200 - b 3180 + 19800 l

OP 10 2 7 7
Thus q = 60º = 1060 + 15400 = 7420 + 15400
7 7
Reflex +AOB = 360c - 60c - 60c = 240c 22820
= = 3260 m 2
7
Now arc ADB = 2 # 3.14 # 5 # 120c
360c Hence, area of track is 3260 m2
= 20.93 cm
Find the area of the shaded region in Figure,
!!! !
73.
Hence length of elastic in contact is 20.93 cm. APD, AQB , BRC and CSD , are semi-circles of
Now, AP = 5 3 dm diameter 14 cm, 3.5 cm, 7 cm and 3.5 cm respectively.
Use p = 227 .
Area ^TOAP + TOBP h = 25 3 = 43.25 cm2
Area of sector OACB ,
= 25 # 3.14 # 120c = 26.16 cm2.

360c
Shaded Area = 43.25 - 26.16 = 17.09 cm2
72. Fig. depicts a racing track whose left and right ends
are semi-circular. The distance between the two inner
parallel line segments is 60 m and they are each 106
m long. If the track is 10 m wide everywhere, find the
area of the track.
Sol : [ Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
Diameter of the largest semi circle = 14 cm

Radius = 14 = 7 cm
2
Diameter of two equal unshaded semicircle = 3.5 cm
Radius of each circle = 3.5 cm
2
Diameter of smaller shaded semi-circle = 7 cm
Radius = 3.5 cm
Width of the inner parallel lines = 60 m Area of shaded portion

Width of the outer lines = 40 # 2 = 80 m = area of largest semi-circle+
+ area of smaller shaded semicircle+
Radius of the inner semicircles = 60 = 30 m
2
– area of two unshaded semicircles
Radius of the outer semicircles = 80 = 40 m
2 = 1 # 22 # 7 # 7 + 1 # 22 # 7 # 7
2 7 2 7 2 2
Area of inner rectangle = 106 # 60 = 3180 m2
- 2 # 1 # 22 # 3.5 # 3.5
Area of outer rectangle = 106 # 80 = 4240 m2. 2 7 2 2
= 1 # 22 ;72 + b 7 l - 2 b 7 l E cm2
2 2
Area of the inner semicircles 2 7 2 4
= 2 # 1 # 22 # 30 # 30 = 19800 m2 = 1 # 22 # (7) 2 :1 + 1 - 1 D
2 7 7 2 7 4 8
Area of outer semicircles = 11 # 7 : 9 D
8
= 2 # 1 # 22 # 40 # 40 = 35200 m2
2 7 7 = 693 sq. cm or 86.625 cm2
8
Area of racing track
74. In figure, PQRS is square lawn with side PQ = 42 BC = 8 - r + 6 - r

metre. Two circular flower beds are there on the sides
10 = 14 - 2r
PS and QR with centre at O, the intersection of its
diagonals. Find the total area of the two flower beds , 2r = 4 & r = 2 cm
(shaded parts).
Area of circle pr2 = 22 # 2 # 2 = 88 = 12.57 cm2
7 7
Now,area of TABC ,
T ABC = 1 # 8 # 6 = 24 cm2
2
= Area of TABC - Area of the circle
= 24 - 12.57 cm2 = 11.43 cm2
76. Two circular beads of different sizes are joined

together such that the distance between their centres
Radius of circle with centre O is OR . is 14 cm. The sum of their areas is 130p cm2. Find the
Let OR be x then using Pythagoras theorem we have radius of each bead.
x2 + x2 = ^42h2 & x = 21 2 m Sol : [Board Term-2, 2015]
Area of segment of circle with centre angle 90c Let the radii of the circles are r1 and r2 .
r1 + r2 = 14 ...(1)
= 90c # 22 # (21 2 ) 2
360c 7
Sum, of their areas,
= 1 # 22 # 21 # 21 # 2 p ^r12 + r22h = 130p
4 7
= 11 # 3 # 21 = 693 r12 + r22 = 130 ...(2)
^r1 + r2h2 = r + r + 2r1 r2
2 2
Area of triangle 3 ROQ , Now 1 2
= 1 # (21 2 ) 2 = 21 # 21 = 441 ^14h2 = 130 + 2r1 r2

2
2r1 r2 = 196 - 130 = 66
Area of the one side flower bed
^r1 - r2h2 = r1 + r2 - 2r1 r2
2 2
= 693 - 441 = 252 m2
Area of flower bed of both = 130 - 66 = 64
= 2 # 252 = 504 m2 Thus r1 - r2 = 8 ...(3)

75. In the figure, ABC is a right angled triangle right
angled at +A . Find the area of the shaded region, if 2r1 = 22 & r1 = 11 cm
AB = 6 cm, BC = 10 cm and O is the centre of the r2 = 14 - 11 = 3 cm.
circle of the triangle ABC .
77. A round thali has 2 inbuilt triangular for serving
vegetables and a separate semi-circular area for
keeping rice or chapati. If radius of thali is 21 cm, find
the area of the thali that is shaded in the figure.
Let r be the radius of incircle.

Using the tangent properties we have

79. A park is of the shape of a circle of diameter 7 m.
Since AOB is the diameter of the circle, area of It is surrounded by a path of width of 0.7 m. Find
shaded region, the expenditure of cementing the path. If its cost is
= (Area of semi-circle - Area of TABC ) Rs.110 per sq. m.
Area of semi-circle Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
pr 2 = 1 22 21 21 cm2 As per question statement we have shown diagram

2 2# 7 # # below.
= 1386 = 693 cm2
2
Area of triangle = 1 # 21 # 42 = 441 cm2
2
Area of shaded region = 693 - 441 = 252 cm2
78. In the fig., ABC is a right-angle triangle, +B = 90c,

AB = 28 cm and BC = 21 cm. With AC as diameter,
a semi-circle is drawn and with BC as radius a quarter
The inner diameter of park = 7 m
circle is drawn. Find the area of the shaded region.
Radius = 7 = 3.5 m
2
Width of path = 0.7 m
Radius of park with path
= 3.5 + 0.7 = 4.2 m
Area of the path = p ^4.2h2 - p ^3.5h2
= 22 ^17.64 - 12.25h
7
= 22 # 5.39 = 22 # 0.77
7
= 16.94 m2
Sol : [Board Term -2 2011, Foreign 2014]
In right angled triangle TABC using Pythagoras Cost of the cementing the path
theorem we have = 16.94 # 110
2 2 2
AC = AB + BC = 1863.40 Rs
2 2
= 28 + 21
80. In fig., two circular flower beds have been shown on
= 784 + 441 two sides of a square lawn ABCD of side 56 m. If
or AC2 = 1225 & AC = 35 cm the centre of each circular flower bed is the point of
intersection O of the diagonals of the square lawn,
Area of shaded region, find the sum of the areas of the lawn and flower beds.
= area of TABC +
+ area of semi-circle with diameter AC +
- area of quadrant with radius BC
= 1 ^21 # 28h + 1 # 22 # b 35 l - 1 # 22 # ^21h2

2
2 2 7 2 4 7
= 21 # 14 + 11 # 35 # 35 - 1 # 22 # 21 # 21
7 2 2 4 7
= 21 # 14 + 55 # 35 - 11 # 3 # 21
2 2 2
= 294 + 481.25 - 346.5
= 775.25 - 346.5 = 428.75 cm2.
Side of square = 56
Diagonal of square = 56 2 82. The given figure shows a sector OAP of a circle
with centre O , containing +q. AB is perpendicular
Radius of circle = 12 # 56 2 = 28 2
to the radius OA and meets OP produced at B
Total area = Area of sector OAB + . Prove that the perimeter of shaded region is
r = 6tan q + sec q + 180
pq
- 1@ .
+ Area of sector ODC +
+ Area of TOAD +
+ Area of TOBC
22 90 22 90c +
7 #^
28 2 h # c
# ^28 2 h #
2 2
= +
360c 7 360c
+ 1 # 56 # 56 + 1 # 56 # 56
4 4
= 1 # 22 # ^28 2 h + 1 # 22 # ^28 2 h +
2 2
4 7 4 7
+ 1 # 56 # 56 + 1 # 56 # 56
4 4
= 1 # 28 # 56 b 22 + 22 + 2 + 2 l m2 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015, 2016]
4 7 7
As per question statement we have redrawn this figure
= 7 # 56 b 22 + 22 + 14 + 14 l m2 as given below.
7
= 56 # 72 = 4032 m2.
81. In fig., find the area of the shaded region. Use p = 22

7 .
Here OAP is sectors of circle with centre O ,

+POA = q and OA = AB .
!
Perimeter of shaded region = BP + AB + AP (1)
Sol : [Board Term-2 2011] Now tan q = AB & r tan q = AB ...(2)
r
Area of square = ^14h = 196 cm2
2
sec q = OB & r sec q = OB

r
= 22 # b 7 l cm2
2
Area of internal circle
7 2 OB - OP = BP & r sec q - r = OP ...(3)
= 77 = 38.5 cm2 Length of arc AP ,
2
Area of semi-circle with 14 cm diameter !
AP = q # 2pr
360
= 1 # 22 # 72 cm2
2 7
= q # 2pr = qpr ...(4)
= 77 cm2 360 180
Area of two quarter circles of radius 72 cm Substituting values from equation (2), (3), (4) in
equation (1) we get perimeter of shaded region as
= 2 # 1 # 22 # b 7 l = 77 = 19.25 cm2
2
4 7 2 4 = r tan q + r sec q - r + qpr

180
Shaded area = 196 - 38.5 + 77 + 19.25
= r :tan q + sec q + qp - 1D
= 292.25 - 38.5 180
= 253.75 cm2. Hence, Proved.
83. In fig., AC = BD = 7 cm and AB = CD = 1.75 cm. x2 - 6x - 40 = 0

Semi-circles are drawn as shown in the figure. Find x2 - 10x + 4x - 40 = 0
the area of the shaded region. Use p = 227 .
x ^x - 10h + 4 ^x + 10h = 0
x = 10, and y = 10 - 6 = 4
Hence, radii of the circles are 10 cm and 4 cm.
85. In the given figure, TABC is a right angled triangle

in which +A = 90c. Semicircles are drawn on AB, AC
and BC as diameters. Find the area of the shaded
region.

= 2 (Area of semi-circle of radius 7
2 cm)
- 2 (Area of semi-circle of radius 7
8 cm)
= 2 ;1 # 22 # b 7 l E - 2 ;1 # 22 # b 7 l E
2 2
2 7 2 2 7 8
1 22 7 2
1 2
7 #b2l ;
= 2# # 1 -b lE In TABC we have
2 4
77
= :1 - D =1 77 15 = 1155 cm2 +A = 90c, AB = 3 = 3 cm, and AC = 4 cm
2 16 2 # 16 32
Now BC = AB2 + AC2 = 32 + 42 = 5
= 36.09 cm2
cm.
84. Two circles touch internally. The sum of their areas is Area of shaded Area
116p and the difference between their centres is 6 cm.
= Area of semicircle with radius 3 cm
Find the radii of the circles. 2
+ area of semi circle with radius 4 cm
Sol : [ Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] 2
Let the radius of larger circle be x and the radius of + Area of triangle TABC)
smaller circle be y . As per question statement we have
- Area of semicircle with radius 5 cm
shown diagram below. 2
p 3 2
p 1
= b l + ^2 h + # 3 # 4 - b l
2 p 5 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
= 9p + 2p + 6 - 25p = 9p + 16p - 25p + 6
8 8 8
= 6 cm2
86. In the given figure, two concentric circle with centre

O have radii 21 cm and 42 cm. If +AOB = 60c, find
the area of the shaded region. Use p = 227 .
Now x-y = 6 ...(1)
2 2
and px + py = 116p
p ^x2 + y2h = 116p
x2 + y2 = 116 ...(2)
From (1) and (2) we have
x2 + ^x - 6h2 = 116
x2 + x2 - 12x + 36 = 116
We have redrawn the given figure as shown below. = 3.14 # (20 2 ) 2 # 90c - ^20h2
360c
= 3.14 # 200 - 400
= 628 - 400 = 228
Required area is 228 cm2.
88. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle with

AC = 24 cm, AB = 7 cm and +BOD = 90c. Find the
area of the shaded region.
Here +AOB = 60c and +COD = 60c
R = 42 cm, r = 21 cm
Reflex of +AOB ,
q = ^360c - 60ch = 300c
Now, area of shaded region
pR2 q - pr2 q = qp ^R2 - r2h
360c 360c 360c
= 300c # 22 # ^422 - 212h
360c 7
= 5 # 22 # ^42 - 21h^42 + 21h
6 7 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]
5 22 We have redrawn the given figure as shown below.

= # 21 63
6 7 # #
= 5 # 11 # 63 = 3465 cm2
Thus area of shaded region is 3465 cm2.
87. A square OABC is inscribed in a quadrant OPBQ of

a circle. If OA = 20 cm, find the area of the shaded
region. [Use p = 3.14 ]
Here TCAB is right angle triangle with +CAB = 90c

In right TCAB , by Pythagoras theorem, we have
BC2 = AC2 + AB2 = 242 + 72
= 576 + 49 = 625
Thus BC = 25 cm which is diameter. Now radius is
25
2 or 12.5 cm.
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014] Area of shaded region,

2 2
We have OB = OA + AB = area of semicircle +area of quadrant - area of TACB
= 202 + 202 = 800 = 1 pr2 + 1 pr2 - 1 # AB # AC
2 4 2
Thus OB = 20 2 cm
= pr - # 7 # 24 = 3 # 22 # 625 - 7 # 12
3 2 1
Radius r = 20 2 4 2 4 7 4
= 368.3035 - 84 = 284.3 cm2
Thus area of shaded region = 284.3035 cm2
= Area of sector OQBPO - Area of square OABC
= pr2 90c - ^20h2

360c
89. In given figure ABPC is a quadrant of a circle of 90. In the given figure, ABCD is a rectangle of dimensions
radius 14 cm and a semicircle is drawn with BC as 21 cm # 14 cm. A semicircle is drawn with BC as
diameter. Find the are of the shaded region. diameter. Find the area and the perimeter of the
shaded region in the figure.
Radius of the quadrant AB = AC = 14 cm

BC = 142 + 142 = 14 2 cm Area of shaded region,
Radius of semicircle = 14 2 = 7 2 cm = Area of rectangle ABCD - area of semicircle
2
1 = 21 # 14 - p # 72
= p ^7 2 h 2
2
Area of semicircle
2
1
= 294 - # 22 7 7
= 1 # 22 # 98 2 7 # #
2 7
= 294 - 77 = 217 cm2
= 154 cm2
Perimeter of shaded area
Area of segment BPCO !
2
= AB + AD + CD + CB
pr q - 1 r2 = r2 pq - 1
b 360c 2 l
360c 2 = 21 + 14 + 21 + 22 # 7
7
= 14 # 14 b 22 # 90 - 1 l = 21 + 14 + 21 + 22 = 78 cm
7 360 2
= 14 # 14 b 11 - 1 l Hence, area of shaded region is 217 cm2 and perimeter
14 2 is 78 cm.
= 14 # 14 # 2 = 56 cm2
7 91. In the figure OABC is a quadrant of a circle of radius
Hence, area of shaded region is 56 cm2. 7 cm. If OD = 4 cm, find the area of shaded region.
PRACTICE
 As ABDC is a quadrant of a circle of radius 28

cm and a semi-circle BEC is drawn with BC as
diameter. Find the area of the shaded region. Use
p = 227 .

= Area of sector OCBAD - Area of TODC
= p # 72 # 90c - 1 # 7 # 4
360c 2
= p # 49 # 1 - 14 = 49p - 14 = 24.5 cm2
[Board Term-2 SQP 2017] 4 4
Ans : 392 cm2.
PRACTICE 93. The long and short hands of a clock are 6 cm and 4 cm
 In the given figure DACB is a quadrant of a circle long respectively. Find the sum of distances travelled
with centre O and radius 3.5 cm. If OD = 2 find by their tips in 24 hours. (Use p = 3.14 )
the area of the region. Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
Long hand makes 24 rounds in 24 hours

and short hand makes 2 round in 24 hours.
Distance travelled by tips of hands in one
round is equal to the circumference of circle.
Radius of the circle formed by long hand = 6 cm. and
radius of the circle formed by short hand = 4 cm.
Distance travelled by long hand in one round
= circumference of the circle 2 # 6 # p

Distance travelled by long hand in 24 rounds
Ans : 6.125 cm 2 = 24 # 12p = 288p
Distance travelled by short hand in a round = 2 # 4p
Distance travelled by short hand in 2 round
92. Figure shows two arcs PAQ and PQB . Arc PAQ is
a part of circle with centre O and radius OP while = 2 # 8p = 16p
arc PBQ is a semi-circle drawn on PQ as diameter Sum of the distance = 288p + 16p = 304p
with centre M . If OP = PQ = 10 cm show that area
= 304 # 3.14 = 954.56 cm
of shaded region is 25 a 3 - p k cm2.
6
94. In fig. ABCD is a square of side 14 cm. Semi-circle are
drawn with each side of square as diameter. Find the
area of the shaded region. Use p = 227 .
We have +POQ = 60c Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016, STD SQP 2021]

and OP = OQ = PQ = 10
Area of segment PAQM ,
= c 100p - 100 3 m
6 4
cm2
2
Area of semicircle = p5 = 25p cm2
2 2
= 25p - b 50p - 25 3 l
2 3 If we subtract area of two semicircle AOD and COB ,
= 25 a 3 - p k cm2 from square ABCD we will get area of part 1 and part
6
2.
Area of square = 14 # 14 = 196 cm2
Radius of semicircle = 14 = 7 cm shaded portion.

2
Area of semicircle AOB + DOC
= 22 # 72 = 154 cm2
7
So, area of each of two shaded part
196 - 154 = 42 cm2
Hence, area of four shaded parts is 84 cm2.
95. Three semicircles each of diameter 3 cm, a circle of

diameter 4.5 cm and a semicircle of radius 4.5 cm are
drawn in the given figure. Find the area of the shaded Sol : [Board Term-2 2011]
region. Let n be number of sides.
Now n # each angle = ^n - 2h # 180c
6 # each angle = 4 # 180c
each angle = 120c
Area of a sector = pr2 # 120c
360c
Area of 6 shaded regions = 6pr # 120c
2
360c
= 2pr2
Area of shaded region COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS

= Area of semicircle with d = 9 cm
+ Area of semicircle with d = 3 cm 97. Traditional Japanese Fans : Japanese fans are
- 2 # area of semicircle with d = 3 cm made of paper on a bamboo frame, usually with a
design painted on them. A Japanese Fan symbolises
- area of circle with d = 4.5 cm friendship, respect and good wishes and are given on
= 1 # p #b9l + 1 # p #b3l
2 2
special occasions, as well as to help cool you down in hot
2 2 2 2 weather. The fan is an immediately recognizable icon
- 2 # # p # b l - p # b 4.5 l
1 3 2 2
of Japanese culture. Today they remain an important
2 2 2 artistic medium and stylish fashion accessory.
= p [(9) 2 + (3) 2 - 2 (3) 2 - 2 (4.5) 2]
8
= p [4 (4.5) 2 + (3) 2 - 2 (3) 2 - 2 (4.5) 2]
8
= p [2 (4.5) 2 - (3) 2] = p [2 (3 # 1.5) 2 - (3) 2]
8 8
p (3) 2
= [2 (1.5) 2 - 1] = 9p [4.5 - 1]
8 8
= 9 # 22 # 3.5 = 99
8#7 8
= 12.375 cm2
Thus area of shaded region is 12.375 cm2.

Lavanya hold a Japanease folding fan in her hand as
96. In fig., ABCDEF is any regular hexagon with different shown in figure. It is shapded like a sector of a circle.
vertices A, B, C, D, E and F as the centres of circle The inner and outer raddi are 14 cm and 21 cm. The
with same radius r are drawn. Find the area of the fan has three colour material.
q3
= 2 (r2 - r1) + 2p (r + r )
360c 1 2
= 2 (21 - 14) + 2 # 22 # 45c (21 + 14)
7 360c
= 2#7+2# 22 1 35
7 #8#
= 14 + 11 # 5
2
= 14 + 27.5 = 41.5 cm
(iv) Area of the region having radius 14 cm
(q 1 + q 2 + q 3)
As = pr12
360c
(54c + 72c + 45c)
(i) If the region containing the pink colour makes an = 22 # (14) 2 #
7 360c
angle of q2 = 72c at the centre, then find the area
of the region having pink colour. = 22 14 14 171c
7 # # # 360c
(ii) If the region containing the orange colour makes
an angle of q1 = 54c at the centre, then find the = 22 # 2 # 14 # 19
40
area of the region having orange colour.
(iii) If the region containing the red colour makes = 22 # 7 # 19 = 292.6 cm2
10
an angle of q1 = 45c at the centre, then find the
perimeter of the region having red colour. 98. Pendulum Clock : It is a clock that uses a pendulum,
(iv) Find the area of the region having radius 14 cm. a swinging weight, as its timekeeping element.
From its invention in 1656 by Christiaan Huygens,
Sol : the pendulum clock was the world’s most precise
Here r1 = 14 cm and r2 = 21 cm. timekeeper, accounting for its widespread use. Their
(i) Area of region having pink colour, greater accuracy allowed for the faster pace of life
which was necessary for the Industrial Revolution.
A p = pr22 q 2 - pr12 q 2
360c 360c The home pendulum clock was replaced by less-
expensive, synchronous, electric clocks in the 1930s
= pq 2 (r22 - r12)
360c and 40s. Pendulum clocks are now kept mostly for
22 72c (212 - 142) their decorative and antique value.
=
7 # 360c
= 22 # 1 (21 + 14) (21 - 14)
7 5
= 22 1 35 7
7 #5# #
= 22 # 7 = 154 cm2
(ii) Area of region having orange colour,
Ao = pq 1 (r22 - r12)
360c
= 22 # 54c (212 - 142)
7 360c
= 22 3 (21 + 14) (21 - 14)
7 # 20
= 22 # 3 # 35 # 7 Dhriti bought a pendulum clock for her living room.
7 20
22 the clock contains a small pendulam of lenght 45 cm.
= # # 7 = 115.5 cm2
3
4 the minute hand and hour hand of the clock are 9 cm
(iii) Perimeter of the region having red colour, and 6 cm long respectively.
q q (i) Find the area swept by the minute hand in 14
pr = 2 (r2 - r1) + 2pr1 3 + 2pr2 3 minutes.
360c 360c
(ii) Find the angle described by hour hand in 10
minutes.
(iii) Find the distance covered by the tip of hour hand
in 3.5 hours.
(iv) If the tip of pendulum covers a distance of 66
cm in complete oscillation, then find the angle
described by pendulum at the centre.
Sol :
Let rm = 9 cm, rh = 9 cm and rp = 45 cm
(i) Area swept by the minute hand in 60 minutes is
pr 2, thus in 14 minutes.
= pr m2 # 14
60
= 22 9 9 14
7 # # # 60
= 22 # 9 # 9 # 1
30
= 22 # 9 # 3 = 59.4 cm2
10
(ii) Angle made by hour hand in 12 hours is 360c. Eshika wants to cover the cushions of her papasan
Thus angle made in 10 minute. chair with a different fabric. If there are seven circular
q = 360c # 10 = 5c cushions that are the same size with a diameter of
12 60 32 cm, around a center cushion with a diameter of 46
(iii) Distance cover by tip of hour hand is 2pr in 12 cm, find the area of fabric that she will need to cover
hour. both sides of the cushions. Allow an extra 5 cm of
Distance covered in 3.5 hours, fabric around each cushion.
= 2prh # 3.5 Sol :
12
22 Radius of cloth for small cushions,
= 2# 6 3.5
7 # # 12 rs = 16 + 5 = 21 cm
= 22 = 11 cm Area, A = pr s2
2
(iv) If the tip of pendulum covers a distance of 66 = 22 # 212
cm in complete oscillation, distance covered in half 7
oscillation is 33 cm. = 22 # 3 # 21 = 1386 cm2
If q is the angle described by pendulum at the centre Radius of cloth for large cushion,
to cover distance 33 cm, then, rl = 23 + 5 = 28 cm
l = 2prp # q Area A = pr l 2
360c
33 = 2 # 22 # 45 # q = 22 # 282
7 360c 7
= 22 # 4 # 28 = 2464 cm2
3 =4#q
7 8 We require 7 small cushions and 1 large cushions we
have to multiply total area by 2 also because cloth will
q = 3 # 7 # 8 = 42c
4 be used in both side.
99. UPHOLSTERY : Upholstery is the physical act of Total Area = 2 (7 # 1386 + 2464)
stuffing seats and furniture with webbing, padding, = 24332 cm2
springs, foam, or cushions to furniture and covering
it with upholstery fabric. The word upholstery comes 100. Swimming Pool : A swimming pool or simply pool is a
from the Middle English word upholder, which referred structure designed to hold water to enable swimming
to an artisan who help up their goods. A person who or other leisure activities. Pools can be built into the
works with upholstery is an upholsterer. ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground. In-
ground pools are most commonly constructed from
materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, bread, cookies, cakes, pastries, and pies. Some retail
plastic, or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and bakeries are also categorized as cafés, serving coffee
shape or built to a standardized size, the largest of and tea to customers who wish to consume the baked
which is the Olympic-size swimming pool. goods on the premises.
The area of a circular pool is 616 square metre. The

owner wants to replace the tiling at the edge of the
pool.
(i) The edging is 25 cm wide, so she plans to use
6-inch square tiles to form a continuous inner
edge. How many tiles will she need to purchase? Tania runs a bakery shop and her bakery is very
(ii) Once the square tiles are in place around the pool, famous for tasty cake. She sells single-layer mini-cakes
there will be extra space between the tiles. What that are 3 inches in diameter for Rs 80 each. They
shape of tile will best fill this space? How many also have a 9 inch cake for Rs 645. If both cakes are
tiles of this shape should she purchase? the same thickness, which option gives you more cake
for the money, nine mini-cakes or one 9-inch cake?
Sol : Explain.
Let r be radius of pool.
Sol :
2
(i) Area of pool, A = pr Total area of 9 mini 3 inch cake
616 = 22 r2 = 9p32 = 81p
7
2 616 # 7 = 28 # 7 = 196 Total area of 1 large 9 inch cake
r =
22 = p92 = 81p
r = 196 = 14 So when nine mini-cakes are compared to one large
Circumference of pool, cake, the total area is equal. Nine minicakes are the
C = 2pr same size as one 9-inch cake, but nine mini-cakes cost
9 # 80 = 720 Rs while the 9-inch cake is only Rs 645.
= 2 # 22 # 14 = 176 m The 9-inch cake gives more cake for the money.
7
If tile 25 cm wide, we have to place 4 tile per Alternative :
meter. Therefore total 176 # 4 = 704 tiles for whole The scale factor is 93 = 13 , so the ratio of areas between
circumference. a large cake and a mini-cake is ( 13 ) 2 = 19 . So when nine
(ii) The square tiles will touch along the inner edge mini-cakes are compared to one large cake, the total
of the border, but there will be gaps along the outer area is equal. Nine minicakes are the same size as one
edge. The tiles used to fill the gaps should be triangles. 9-inch cake, but nine mini-cakes cost 9 # 80 = 720 Rs
There will be 704 gaps between the 704 square tiles, while the 9-inch cake is only Rs 645. The 9-inch cake
so 704 triangular tiles will be needed. gives more cake for the money.
101. Bakery : A bakery is an establishment that produces 102. FURNITURE : Varsha dining room table has
and sells flour-based food baked in an oven such as hardwood around the outside. The outer dimension
of table is 135 cm by 90 cm. Find the area of wood (i) What area can the motion detector monitor?
around the edge of the table. The table has wooden (ii) What angle is required to monitor 50% more
edge of 7 cm around it. area?
(iii) For q = 91c what range is required for the
detector to monitor 30% more area?
Sol :
(i) Let r1 = 24 m and q1 = 70c
Area monitor by motion detector,
A1 = pr 12 q 1
360c
= 22 (24)2 # 70
7 # 360c
= 22 # 24 # 24 # 1
36
= 22 # 24 # 2 # 1
3
= 22 # 8 # 2 = 352 m2
(ii) Let q2 be angle to monitor 50% more area. Radius
Sol : is equal to r1 = 24 in this case.
The wooden edge of table can be separated A2 = 1.5A1
into four rectangles and four corners. The
pr 12 q 2 = 1.5pr 12 q 1
four corners of the table form a circle with 360c 360c
radius equal to width. q 2 = 1.5q 1
Width of wooden edge is 7 cm. Area of wood edge = 70c # 1.5 = 105c
is equal to the sum of area of rectangles and area of
(iii) Let r3 be range required for the detector to
circle.
monitor 30% more area where q = 91c .
A = 2l1 w + 2l2 w + 4 # 14 pw2
A3 = 1.3A1
= 2 # (90 - 14) # 7 + 2 # (135 - 14) # 7 + 22
# 72
pr 32 q = 1.3pr 12 q 1
7
= 2 # 7 (76 + 121 + 11) 360c 360c

r 32 q = 1.3r 12 q 1
= 14 # 208 = 2912 cm2
Substituting all values we have
103. Motion Detector : A motion sensor (or motion r 32 # 91c = 1.3 # 242 # 70c
detector) is an electronic device that is designed to
r 32 = 242 & r3 = 24 m
detect and measure movement. Motion sensors are
used primarily in home and business security systems, 104. Gear : Gears are mechanical parts with cut teeth
but they can also be found in phones, paper towel designed to fit with teeth on another part so as to
dispensers, game consoles, and virtual reality systems. transmit or receive force and motion. Gears are also
sometimes called toothed wheels or cogged wheels or
cogs. The cut teeth are also sometimes called cogs.
A motion detector can detect movement up to 24 m

away through an angle of q = 70c .
In following figure AB = 21 cm . Find the perimeter When new sod is laid, a heavy roller is used to press
of combined circles. the sod down to ensure good contact with the ground
beneath. The radius of the roller is 28 cm.
(i) Through what angle has the roller turned after
being pulled across 11 meter of yard?
(ii) If it is turned through by 3 revolution and 45c ,
find the length, that the roller will press.
Sol :
(i) P = 2pr q
360c
1100 = 2 # 22 # 28 # q
7 360c
Sol :
100 = 2 # 2 # 4 # q
We redraw the given circle as follows. 360c
100 = 4 # q
90c
q = 100 # 900 = 2250c
4
= 360c # 6 + 90c
(ii) P = 2pr q
360c
= 2 # 22 # 28 # 1125
7 360c
= 2 # 22 # 4 # 125
40
Perimeter of given figure will be sum of circumference 25
= 22 # 8 #
of three circle. 8
P = pd 1 + pd 2 + pd 3 = 22 # 25 = 550 cm = 5.5 m
= p (d 1 + d 2 + d 3) 106. Windshield Wiper : Windshield wipers are a small
= 22 # 21 part of your car, but they have a big impact on
7 your driving and overall safety. They remove rain,
= 22 # 3 = 66 cm snow, dirt, pollen, frost and other debris quickly and
smoothly at the push of a button. The windshield
105. Laying New Sod : Sod, also known as turf, is grass. wiper motor moves the windshield wiper arms across
When harvested into rolls it is held together by its the windshield. The metal or hard plastic arms drag
roots and a thin layer of soil. Sod is typically used a thin rubber (or silicone) blade across the windshield
for lawns, golf courses, and sports stadiums around to clear away water, giving you a better view of the
the world. road.
The armature for the rear windshield wiper has a

length of 63 cm, with a rubber wiper blade that is 42 cm, and the beam must be raised 22 cm. Find the
cm long. What area of my rear windshield is cleaned number of degrees through which the drum must
as the armature swings back-and-forth through an rotate.
angle of 110c ?
Sol :
Sol : Let drum must rotate by q to raise beam by 22 cm.
Area swept by full windshield wiper,
Now h = 2pr q
360c
Aw = p (63)2 110c
360c
22 = 2 # 22 # 42 # q
Area swept by metal arm of windshield wiper, 7 2 360c
q
Am = p (42)2 110c 1 = 6#
360c
360c
Area swept by rubber part of windshield wiper or area 1 = q
cleaned, 60c
q = 60c
Aclean = p 110c (632 - 422)
360c
108. Voltmeter : A voltmeter is an instrument used for
= 22 11 32 (212 - 142) measuring electric potential difference between two
7 # 36 #
points in an electric circuit. When current carrying
= 22 # 11 # 9 (21 + 14) (21 - 14) conductor placed in a magnetic field, a mechanical
7 36
force acts on the conductor, if it is attached to a
= 22 # 11 # 35 # 7 moving system, with the coil movement, the pointer
7 4
moves over the scale.
= 22 # 11 # 35
4
= 2117.5 cm2
107. Electric Hoist : It is an electrically powered appliance

that is used to lift, lower and even move heavy or
awkward objects. They are mainly used to alleviate
potential strain and injury on any person who needs
to lift a heavy object or where the object is just much
too heavy for a human to lift unaided.
The pointer on a voltmeter is 7 centimeters in length

(see figure). Find the angle through which the pointer
rotates when it moves 5.5 centimeters on the scale.
Sol :
Let the pointer rotates by q when it moves 5.5
centimetres on the scale
q
Now 5.5 = 2pr 360c
22 q
5.5 = 2 # 7 # 7 # 360c
q
11 = 4 # 22 # 360c
q
1 = 2 # 90c
q = 90c = 45c
2
An electric hoist is being used to lift a beam (see 109. Cable Winch: It is a device for hauling or lifting; made
figure). The diameter of the drum on the hoist is 42 up of a rope, cable or chain wound around a horizontal
rotating drum and turned by a crank or motor and

typically mounted at the rear of a towing vehicle.
A water sprinkler is set to shoot a stream of water a

distance of 21 m and rotate through an angle of 80c .
(i) What is the area of the lawn it waters?
(ii) For r = 28 m, what angle is required to water
A large winch with a radius of 30 cm winds in 99 cm equal to previous area?
of cable.
Sol :
(i) Through what angle has it turned?
(i) Let r1 = 21 m and q1 = 80c
(ii) If it is turned through an angle of 126c , find the
Area of the lawn watered,
length, that the winch will wind.
Sol : A1 = pr 12 q 1
360c
(i) Let cable winch rotate by q1 to wind 99 cm. Here = 22 # 21 2 # 80c
7 360c
r = 30 cm
= 22 21 21 2
q1 7 # # #9
Now 99 = 2pr 360 c
22 q1 = 22 # 7 # 7 # 2
99 = 2 # 7 # 30 # 360 c 7
2 q = 22 # 7 # 2 = 308 m2
9 = 2 # 7 # 121
(ii) Let r2 = 28 m and q2 be the angle for the same
1 q
9 = 7 # 31 area.
q1 = 9 # 7 # 3 = 189c Now A2 = A1
(ii) Let winch wind by l when it is turned through pr 22 q 2 = pr 12 q 1
126c . 360c 360c
q2 r 22 q 2 = r 12 q 1
l = 2pr 360 c r1 2
q 2 = c r m q1
= 2 # 22 # 30 # 126c
2
7 360c 2
q 2 = b 21 l # 80
18 28
= 2 # 22 #
12 2
= b 3 l # 80
4
= 2 # 22 # 3 = 66 cm
2
= 9 # 80 = 45c
16
110. Sprinkler : An irrigation sprinkler (also known as a
water sprinkler or simply a sprinkler) is a device used 111. Pulley : A pulley is a wheel with a groove along
to irrigate agricultural crops, lawns, landscapes, golf its edge for holding a rope or cable. It is a simple
courses, and other areas. Irrigation sprinklers can be machine that helps change the direction and point of
used for residential, industrial, and agricultural usage. application of a pulling force. Pulleys are used singly
It is useful on uneven land where sufficient water is or in combination to transmit energy and motion.
not available as well as on sandy soil.
(ii) What is the curved width of roof ?

(iii) What is area of cross section of barn ?
(iv) If the length of the barn is 12 meters, what is the
curved surface area of roof?
(v) What is the storage capacity of barn ?
Sol :
(i) We redraw the cross section of barn as shown
below.
A boy is moving a box upward through the use of In right triangle TAFO ,
a pulley 21 cm in radius. If the pulley is rotated AO = AF2 + FO2 = 42 + 42 = 4 2 m
counterclockwise through an angle of 102c , find the Thus AO = 4 2 which is also radius of curved arc.
height, that the weight will rise.
(ii) In right angle triangle TAFO is also isosceles
Sol : triangle
Let weight rise by h , when pulley rotated through an Thus, +FAO = +FOA = 45c
angle of 102c ,
Similarly, +FOC = 45c
q
h = 2pr 360c
Thus +AOC = +AOF + +FOC
= 2 # 22 # 21 # 102c = 45c + 45c = 90c
7 360c
Curved width 2prq = 2p # 4 2 # 90c
= 2 # 22 # 3 # 17 360c 360c
60
= 2p 2 m
= 22 # 17 = 37.4 cm (iii) Area of cross section
10
= Area of AECD +
112. Barn : A barn is an agricultural building usually on
farms and used for various purposes. A barn refers to + Area of section ABCO - Area of triangle ACO
structures that house livestock, including cattle and p ^4 2 h # 90c 1
2
horses, as well as equipment and fodder, and often = 8#8+ - #4#8

360c 2
grain.
= 64 + 8p - 16
= 48 + 8p = 8 ^6 + p h
(iv) Curved surface area of roof
= 2p 2 # 12 = 24 2 p m2
(v) Storage capacity of barn,
= Cross section area # Length
Ramkaran want to build a barn at his farm. He has = 8 ^6 + p h # 12 = 96 ^6 + p h m3
made a design for it which is shown above.
Here roof is arc of a circle of radius r at centre O . 113. Speed of a River Current : The paddle wheel in the
river functions like a wheel rolling on a road. To
(i) What is the value of radius of arc ?
approximate the speed of the current of a river, a XIX Commonwealth Games; a major sporting event.
circular paddle wheel with radius 1.75 meter is
lowered into the water. If the current causes the wheel
to rotate at a speed of 10 revolutions per minute,
what is the speed of the current?.
Jawaharlal Nehru stadium is conducting the annual

Sol : sports competition soon. The curator of the stadium
The water rotate wheel with its current speed. Since is tasked to figuring out the dimensions for carving
wheel rotate 10 revolution in minute, water also flow out some areas allotted for a hockey court and a
equivalent 10 revolution distance in 1 minute. shooting range, as shown in the figure below.
Water flow in revolution of wheel,
= 2pr
Water flow in 10 revolution of wheel,
= 10 # 2pr
= 10 # 2 # 22 # 1.75
7
= 10 # 2 # 22 7 = 110 meter
7 #4
Since the wheel makes 10 revolutions per minute a
point on the circumference of the paddle wheel travels
110 meter. Hence, water flows 110 meter in one
minute.
Water flow in 1 hour, = 110 # 60 m
The shapes of the hockey court and the shooting
= 6600 m
range are square and triangle respectively. Both of the
= 6.6 km courts have a common edge that touches the centre
Since water flow in 1 hour is 6.6 km, its current is of stadium. The construction of the shooting range is
6.6 km/hour . such that the angle to centre is 90c. The radius of the
stadium is 200 metres.
114. Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is a multi-purpose sports
stadium and a very popular sports stadium of Delhi. (i) What is the area allotted to shooting range ?
The stadium is a part of the Jawaharlal Nehru (ii) What is the area allotted to hockey court ?
sports complex in central Delhi, which also houses
(iii) If the team of the curators managing the stadium,
the headquarters of the Sports Authority of India,
likes to allot space for some more sports, how
the field arm of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and
much area is available to them?
Sports, and the Indian Olympic Association . It
has a capacity to seat 60,000 people. It is the third (iv) If the boundaries of the hockey court and shooting
largest multi-purpose stadium in India. In 2010, the range are to be fenced, then what is the required
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium was the main stadium for length of the fence ?
(v) If the cost of fencing is Rs 6 per metre, what is
the total cost of fencing ? = 200 ^2 + 3 2 h # 6

Sol : = 1200 ^2 + 3 2 h
(i) Here TAOB is a right-angled triangle in which
AB is a hypotenuse. 115. Tunnel : The tunnels are defined as the underground
Now AO = OB passages that are used for the transportation purposes.
These permit the transmission of passengers and
= radius of circle = 200 m freights, or it may be for the transportation of utilities
Thus area of TAOB , like water, sewage or gas etc. The tunnel engineering is
one of the most interesting disciplines in engineering.
= 1 # OA # OB The work is complex and difficult throughout its
2
course, even though it is interesting.
= 1 # 200 # 200 = 20, 000 m2
2
(ii) Here OCDE is a square whose diagonal is equal to
the radius of the circle. Let a be side of square.
Now a2 + a2 = ^200h2
2a2 = 200 # 200
a = 100 # 100 # 2 = 100 2 m
a2 = ^100 2 h = 20, 000 m2
2
Area of square
Area of hockey court is equal to area of shooting
court.
(iii) Unoccupied area of stadium,
=Area of circle - (Area of hockey court + area Earth is excavated to make a road tunnel. The tunnel
of shooting court) is a cylinder of radius 7 m and length 450 m.
A level surface is laid inside the tunnel to make road.
= pr2 - ^20, 000 + 20, 000h Figure shows the circular cross - section of the tunnel.
= 40, 000p - 40, 000 The level surface is represented by AB , the centre of
the circle is O and +AOB = 90c. The space below
= 40000 (p - 1)
AB is filled with rubble (debris from the demolition
= 40, 000 # 2.14 = 85, 600 m2 buildings).
(iv) Boundaries need to be fenced
= perimeter of triangle + perimeter of square
For triangle, length of AB ,
AB = OA2 + OB 2
= 2002 + 2002 = 200 2 m
Perimeter of triangle,
OA + OB + AB = 200 + 200 + 200 2
= 400 + 200 2
Perimeter of square, Steel girders are erected above the tracks to strengthen
the tunnel. The girders are erected at 6 m intervals
4a = 4 # 100 2 = 400 2 along the length of the tunnel, with one at each end.
Boundary need to be fenced, (i) What is the cross section area of tunnel before
= 400 + 200 2 + 400 2 filling debris on ground plane ?
= 400 + 600 2 (ii) What is the area of cross section of tunnel after
filling debris on ground plane?
= 200 ^2 + 3 2 h m
(iii) What is the length of each girder ?
(v) Cost of Fencing = Length of Fence # Rate
(iv) How many girders are erected ?

= 75 + 1 = 76 girder
(v) If the weight of 1 meter girder is 25 kg, how much
steel is required ? (v) Total requirement of girder
= 76 # 33 = 2508 meter
Sol :
(i) Cross section area of tunnel before filling debris on Total weight of girder
ground plane, = 2508 # 25
22 = 62700 kg = 627 quintal
pr2 = 7 # 7 # 7 = 154 m2
(ii) The geometry of cross-section is shown below.
Triangle OAB is isosceles triangle having right angle

at O .
2
Thus area of TAOB = r
2
Area of circular section OACB
2 2 2
= pr q = pr 90c = pr
360c 360c 4
Area of cross section of tunnel,
= Area of circle - Area AMBC
= Area of circle - (Area of OACB - Area of TOAB )
2 2
= pr2 - c pr - r m
4 2
2 2
= 3pr + r
4 2
2
= r ^3p + 2h
4
= 7 # 7 c 3 # 22 + 2 m = 140 m2
4 7
(iii) Length of each girder is length of curved part of
cross-section,
2pr ^360c - 90ch
=
360c
7 # ^
2# 22 7 360c - 90ch
=
360c
= 2 # 22 # 270c = 33 m
360c
(iv) Since 1 girder is placed at every 6 m, total girder
required,
= 450 + 1
6
Page 432 Surface Areas and Volumes Chap 13
CHAPTER 13
Surface Areas and Volumes
ONE MARK QUESTIONS

4. The base radii of a cone and a cylinder
are equal. If their curved surface areas are
1. If the radius of the sphere is increased by 100%, then also equal, then what is the ratio of the
how much volume of the corresponding sphere is slant height of the cone to the height of the
increased ? cylinder?
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013]
Let r be the original radius of sphere. If we increased We have prl = 2prh

radius by 100 %. it will be 2r . l =2
4 h 1
Vr = 3 pr 3
4 5. Find the ratio of lateral surface areas of two
Now V2r = 3 p # (2r) 3 cylinders with equal height.
= 4 p # 8r 3 Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
3
Thus new volume is 8 times of original volume. 2pRh : 2prh = R : r
Hence when the radius is increased by 100%, the

corresponding volume becomes 800% and thus 6. Find the ratio of volumes of two cylinders
increase is 700%. with equal height.
2. A sphere is melted and half of the melted liquid is used
2 2 2 2
to form 11 identical cubes, whereas the remaining half pR h : p r h = R : r
is used to form 7 identical smaller spheres. Find the
ratio of the side of the cube to the radius of the new 7. The diameter of a sphere is 6 cm. It is melted and
small sphere. drawn into a wire of diameter 2 mm. What is the
length of the wire?
As per the given conditions, Sol : [Board 2009]
Let the length of the wire be l . Since, metallic sphere

11a3 = 7 # 4 # 22 # r3
3 7 is converted into a cylindrical shaped wire of length l ,
a = b8l 1/3 Volume of the metal used in wire is equal to the
r 3 volume of the sphere.
4
pr2 l = 3 pR 3
Find the ratio of volumes of two cones with same 6 3
p #b2 # 1 l # l = 4 # p #b2l
3. 2
radii. 2 10 3
Sol : [Board 2010] p# 1 #h = 4 # p # 33
100 3
1 pr 2 h : 1 pr 22 h2
3 1 1 3 l = 4 # 32 = 36
100
1 pr 2 h : 1 pr 12 h2 (r1 = r2) l = 3600 cm
3 1 1 3
= 36 m
h1 : h2
Chap 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Page 433
8. The diameter of hollow cone is equal to the diameter 11. Twelve solid spheres of the same size are made by
of a spherical ball. If the ball is placed at the base of melting a solid metallic cylinder of base diameter
the cone, what portion of the ball will be outside the 2 cm and height 16 cm. What is the diameter of each
cone? sphere?
Sol : [Board 2007] Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 201]
Though it is given that diameter of the cone is equal Volume of the twelve solid sphere is equal to the
to the diameter of the spherical ball. But the ball will volume of cylinder.
not fit into the cone because of its slant shape. Hence V12 sphere = Vcylinder
more than 50% of the portion of the ball will be
2 2
outside the cone. 12 # 4 pr3 = p b 2 l # 16
3
16pr3 = 16p
r3 = 1 & r = 1 cm
Diameter of each sphere, d = 2r = 2 # 1 = 2 cm
12. The total surface area of the given solid figure is

.......... .
9. If two solid hemispheres of same base radius

r are joined together along their bases, then
find the curved surface area of this new solid.
Sol : [Board 2010]
Because curved surface area of a hemisphere is 2pr2 Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
and here, we join two solid hemispheres along their Given figure is combination of right circular cone and
bases of radius r , from which we get a solid sphere. cylinder.
Hence, the curved surface area of new solid Total surface area
= 2pr2 + 2pr2 = 4pr2 = Area of base of cylinder+
10. A solid piece of iron in the form of a cuboid of + Curved surface area of cylinder+
dimensions 49 cm # 33 cm # 24 cm , is moulded to + Curved surface area of cone
form a solid sphere. What is the radius of the sphere ? = pr2 + 2prh + prl
Sol : [Board 2006] = pr (r + 2h + l)
Volume of the sphere = Volume of the cuboid
13. A solid metallic cuboid 24 cm # 11 cm # 7 cm is
4 pr3 = 49 33 24 = 38808 cm3 melted and recast into solid cones of base radius 3.5
3 # #
cm and height 6 cm. Find the number of cones so
4 # 22 r3 = 38808 # 3 formed.
7
r3 = 38808 # 3 # 7
4 # 22 Let n be the number of cones formed.
= 441 # 21 Now, according to question,
Volume of n cones = Volume of cuboid
r3 = 21 # 21 # 21
r = 21 cm n # 1 # 22 # (3.5) 2 # 6 = 24 # 11 # 7
3 7
n = 24 # 11 # 7 # 3 # 7 = 24 18. What is the ratio of the total surface area of the solid
22 # 3.5 # 3.5 # 6 hemisphere to the square of its radius.
Thus n = 24 . Sol : [Board Term-2, 2012]
Total surface area of hemisphere 3pr 2

14. The curved surface area of a cylinder is 264 m2 and = 2 = 3p
Square of its radius r 1
its volume is 924 m3. Find the ratio of its height to
its diameter. Thus required ratio is 3p | 1.
19. The radius of sphere is r cm. It is divided into two
Curved Surface area of cylinder is 2prh and volume equal parts. Find the whole surface of two parts.
of cylinder pr2 h .
Now pr2 h = 924
2prh 264 Whole surface of each part
r =7 &r=7 = 2pr2 + pr2 = 3pr2
2 2 Total surface of two parts
Substituting r = 7 in 2prh = 264 we have
= 2 # 3p r 2 = 6p r 2
2 # 22 # 7 # h = 264
7
20. The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio 2 | 3 and
h =6 m their heights are in the ratio 5 | 3 , find the ratio of
h = 6 =3 their volumes.
Now
2r 14 6
Hence, h|d = 3|7 st
Volume of 1 cylinder 2
= pr h 1 1
2
15. A rectangular sheet paper 40 cm # 22 cm is rolled Volume of 2 nd cylinder pr h 2 2
= a r1 k # h1
2
to form a hollow cylinder of height 40 cm. Find the
r2 h2
radius of the cylinder.
2
=b l #
2
5
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014] 3 3
Here, h = 40 cm, circumference = 22 cm = # = 20
4 5
9 3 27
2pr = 22
= 20 | 27
r = 22 # 7 = 7 = 3.5 cm
2 # 22 2
21. If the radius of the base of a right circular
16. A cylinder, a cone and a hemisphere have same base cylinder is halved, keeping the height same,
and same height. Find the ratio of their volumes. find the ratio of the volume of the reduced
cylinder to that of original cylinder.
Sol :
Vcylinder |Vcone |Vhemisphere = pr2 h | 1 pr2 h | 2 pr3
[Board Term-2 2012]
3 3
Volume of reduced cylinder p # ^ 2 h2 h r
= pr 2 r | 1 pr 2 r | 2 pr 3 (h = r ) = =1
3 3 Volume of original cylinder pr 2 h 4
= 1|4
= 1|1 |2
3 3
22. Volume of two spheres are in the ratio 64 | 27 , find
= 3|1|2
the ratio of their surface areas.
17. What is the volume of a right circular cylinder of base Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012]
radius 7 cm and height 10 cm ? Use p = 227 st
Volume of I sphere
= 64
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] Volume of II nd 27
3
3 pr1
4
We have r = 7 cm, h = 10 cm, = 64
3 pr2
4 3 27
Volume of cylinder, 3 3
r1 = 43
pr2 h = 22 # ^7 h2 # 10 r23 3
7
r1 =4
= 1540 cm3 r2 3
3 6 @
Ratio of their surface areas, 4 pr 3 = 4 p 3 3 + 4 3 + 5 3
2 3
2pr = r1 2 = 4 = 16 2
a r2 k b3l
1
4pr 2
2 9 r3 = 27 + 64 + 125 = 216
23. Find the volume (in cm3) of the largest right circular , r = 6 cm
cone that can be cut off from a cube of edge 4.2 cm.
27. Three cubes of iron whose edges are 3 cm,
4 cm and 5 cm respectively are melted and
Edge of the cube = 4.2 cm. formed into a single cube, what will be the
Height of the cone = 4.2 cm. edge of the new cube formed ?
Radius of the cone = 4.2 = 2.1 cm. Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012]
2
Let the edge of single cube be x .
Volume of the cone,
Volume of single cube= Volume of three cubes
1 pr 2 h = 1 22
3 # 7 #^ h #
2.1 2 4.2
3 x3 = 33 + 43 + 53
= 19.4 cm 3
= 27 + 64 + 125 = 216
24. The circumference of the edge of a hemisphere bowl x = 6 cm
is 132 cm. When p is taken as 227 , find the capacity of
the bowl in cm3. 28. A solid sphere of radius r melted and recast into the
shape of a solid cone of height r . Find the radius of
the base of a cone.
Let r be the radius of bowl, then circumference of
bowl, Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012]
2pr = 132 Let the radius of cone be R cm.

Volume of sphere = Volume of cone
r = 132 # 7 = 21 cm
2 # 22 4 pr 3 = 1 pR 2 r
3 3 #
Capacity i.e volume of the bowl,
2 pr 3 = 2 22 21 21 21 4r3 = R2 r
3 3# 7 # # #
R2 = 4r2
= 19404 cm3
R = 2r
25. Volume and surface area of a solid hemisphere are
29. Two cones have their heights in the ratio 1 : 3 and
numerically equal. What is the diameter of hemisphere
radii in the ratio 3 : 1. What is the ratio of their
?
volumes?
Let radius of sphere be r .
Let h1 and h2 be height and r1 and r2 be radii of two
Now Volume of sphere = S.A. of hemisphere cones.
2 pr3 = 3pr2 h1 = 1 and r1 = 3
3 Now
h2 3 r2 1
r = 9 units Ratio of their volumes,
2 2
3 pr 1 h1
1
V1
Diameter d = 9 # 2 = 9 units V2 = 2
3 pr 2 h 2
1
2
= a r1 k b h1 l = b 3 l b 1 l = 3
2 2
26. Three solid metallic spherical balls of radii 3 cm, 4 cm r2 h2 1 3 1
and 5 cm are melted into a single spherical ball, find Hence, ratio of their volumes is 3 :1.
its radius.
30. A solid metallic cone of radius 2 cm and height 8 cm is
melted into a sphere. Find the radius of sphere.
Let the radius of spherical ball be r .
Volume of spherical ball = Volume of three balls Sol : [Board Term-2 2014]
Let R be the radius of sphere.

Volume of sphere = Volume of cone Slant height of the frustum,

4 pR 3 = 1 pr 2 h l = h2 + d2
3 3
4 pR 3 = 1 p
= ^16h2 + ^20 - 8h2
3 #^ h #
22 8
3 = ^16h2 + ^12h2
3
4R = 4 # 8 = 256 + 144
R3 = 8 & R = 2 cm = 400
31. If a cone is cut into two parts by a horizontal plane = 20 cm.
passing through the mid-points of its axis, find the
ratio of the volume of the upper part and the cone. 33. The slant height of a bucket is 26 cm. The diameter of
upper and lower circular ends are 36 cm and 16 cm.
Find the height of the bucket.
Volume of upper cone = 1 p a r k # h

2
3 2 2
1
= pr 2 h
24
1
Volume of full cone = pr2 h Here, l = 26 cm, upper radius = 18 cm,
3
lower radius = 8 cm
Volume of upper of cone 1
pr 2 h
= 241 2 = 1 Difference in radius,
Volume of full cone 3 pr h
8
= 1|8 d = = 18 - 8 = 10 cm.
32. What is the frustum of a right circular cone of height Let h be the height of bucket,
16 cm with radii of its circular ends as 8 cm and 20 h = l2 - d2
cm has slant height equal to ?
= ^26h2 - ^10h2
As per question the figure is shown below. = 676 - 100

= 576 = 24 cm.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
34. A solid is in the shape of a cone surmounted on a

hemisphere. The radius of each of them being 3.5 cm
and the total height of the solid is 9.5 cm. Find the
volume of the solid.
As per question the figure is shown below. Here total

volume of the toy is equal to the sum of volume of
hemisphere and cone. 36. A heap of rice is in the form of a cone of base diameter
24 m and height 3.5 m. Find the volume of the rice.
How much canvas cloth is required to just cover the
heap?
Radius of conical heap r = 12 m

Height of heap, h = 3.5 m
Volume of rice,
1
V = 3 pr2 h
= 1 # 22 # 12 # 12 # 3.5 m3
3 7
Volume of toy, = 528 m3
1 pr2 h + 2 pr3 = 1 pr2 (h + 2r) Slanted height,
3 3 3
l = 122 + (3.5) 2 = 12.5 m
= # 22 # (3.5) 2 # (6 + 2 # 3.5)
1
Area of canvas cloth required,
3 7
= 1 # 22 # 3.5 # 3.5 # (6 + 7) prl = 22 # 12 # 12.5 = 471.4 m2
3 7 7
= 1 # 22 # 3.5 # 13 37. Isha is 10 years old girl. On the result day, Isha and her
3 2
father Suresh were very happy as she got first position
= 1 # 11 # 3.5 # 13 in the class. While coming back to their home, Isha
3
asked for a treat from her father as a reward for her
= 500.5 = 166.83 cm3 (Approx) success. They went to a juice shop and asked for two
3
glasses of juice.
Hence, the volume of the solid is 166.83 cm3 .
Aisha, a juice seller, was serving juice to her customers
35. Water is flowing at the rate of 15 km/h through a in two types of glasses.
pipe of diameter 14 cm into a cuboidal pond which is Both the glasses had inner radius 3 cm. The height of
50 m long and 44 m wide. In what time will the level both the glasses was 10 cm.
of water in the pond rise by 21 cm? First Type : A glass with hemispherical raised bottom.
Let t be the time in which the level of the water in

the tank will rise by 21 cm.
Length of water that flows in 1 hour is 15 km or
15000 m.
Radius of pipe is 14 = 7 cm or 0.07 m.
2
Volume of water in 1 hour,
= 22 # b 7 l # 15000
2
Second Type : A glass with conical raised bottom of
7 100
height 1.5 cm.
= 231 m3
Volume of water in time t ,
= 231t m3
This volume of water is equal to the water flowed into
the cuboidal pond which is 50 m long, 44 m wide and
0.21 m high.
Thus 231t = 50 # 44 # 0.21
t = 50 # 44 # 0.21 = 2 Hours Isha insisted to have the juice in first type of glass and
231
her father decided to have the juice in second type of
glass. Out of the two, Isha or her father Suresh, who = Surface area of the cube
got more quantity of juice to drink and by how much?
- Area of base of hemisphere
+ curved surface area of hemisphere
Let H and h be the height of cylinder and height
of cone. Let r be the common radius of cone and = 6l2 - pr2 + 2pr2
cylinder and hemisphere. = 6l2 + pr2
Capacity of first glass,
= 6 # 72 + 22 # b 7 l
2
= Volume of cylinder - Volume of hemisphere 7 2

= pr 2 H - 2 pr 3 = 6 # 49 + 77 = 332.5 cm2
3 2
= pr :H - 2 r D
2
40. A glass cylinder with radius 10 cm has water to a
3
height of 9 cm. A metal cube of 8 cm edge is immersed
= p # (3) :10 - 2 # 3D
2
3 in it completely. Calculate the height by which water
= 9p # 8 = 72p cm2 will rise in the cylinder. Use p = 227
Capacity of second glass, Sol : [Board Term-2 2013]
= Volume of cylinder - Volume of cone Let h be the height of water raised measured.
Volume of water displaced in cylinder = p ^10h2 h
= pr2 H - 1 pr2 h = pr2 :H - 1 hD
3 3
Volume of cube,
1
= p (3) :10 - # 1.5D
2
3 p ^10h2 h = 8 # 8 # 8
= 9p # 9.5 = 85.5p cm2 h = 8#8#8#7
22 # 10 # 10
Therefore Suresh got more juice of quantity,
= 1.629 cm.
= 85.5p - 72p cm2 = 13.5p cm3
41. Two cubes of 5 cm each are kept together joining edge
38. A sphere of maximum volume is cut out from a solid
to edge to form a cuboid. Find the surface area of the
hemisphere of radius 6 cm. Find the volume of the cut
cuboid so formed.
out sphere.
Let l be the length of the cuboid so formed.
Here diameter of sphere is equal to the radius
of hemisphere which is 6 cm. Now l = 5 + 5 = 10 cm,b = 5 cm; h = 5 cm.
Diameter of sphere = Radius of hemisphere Surface area = 2 ^l # b + b # h + h # l h
= 6 cm = 2 ^10 # 5 + 5 # 5 + 5 # 10h
Radius of sphere = 3 cm = 2 ^50 + 25 + 50h
Volume, V = 4 pr3 = 4 # 22 # 33 cm3. = 2 # 125 = 250 cm2.

3 3 7
= 113.14 cm3. PRACTICE
 Two cubes each of volume 8 cm3 are joined end to

39. A cubical block of side 7 cm is surmounted by a end, then what is the surface area of resulting
hemisphere. What is the greatest diameter the cuboid.
hemisphere can have ? Find the surface area of the
[Board Term-2 2012]
solid.
Ans : 40 cm2
Here diameter of hemisphere is equal to the side of

cubical block which is 7 cm. 42. If the total surface area of a solid hemisphere is
Diameter of hemisphere = Side of cubical block 462 cm2, find its volume. Use p = 227
2r = 7 & r = 7 Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2014]
2
Surface area of solid Total surface area of hemisphere,
3pr2 = 462 cm2 = 2 # 22 # ^0.7h2 # 2.4

2
3 7
22r = 462
7 3 = 44 # 0.1 # 0.7 # 0.8
r2 = 462 # 7 = 49 = 4.4 # .56 = 2.464 cm3.

22 # 3
r = 7 cm. PRACTICE
Volume of hemisphere,  From a solid circular cylinder with height 10 cm

2 pr 3 = 2 22 7 7 7 and radius of the base 6 cm, a right circular cone
3 3# 7 # # # of the same height and same base is removed,
then find the volume of remaining solid?
= 2156 = 718.67 cm3.
3 [Board 2008]
Ans : 240p cm3
43. A solid metallic of dimensions 9m # 8 m # 2 m is
melted and recast into solid cubes of edge 2 m. Find
the number of cubes so formed.  From a solid right circular cylinder of height 14
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] cm and base radius 6 cm, a right circular cone
Volume of cuboid = 9 # 8 # 2 cm3 of same height and same base removed. Find the
volume of the remaining solid.
Volume of cube = 23 cm3 [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Let number of recast cubes be n . Ans : 1056 cm2
Volume of n cubes =Volume of cuboid
n23 = 9 # 8 # 2 45. A 5 m wide cloth is used to make a conical tent of
n#2#2#2 = 9#8#2 base diameter 14 m and height 24 m. Find the cost of
cloth used at the rate of Rs.25 per meter.
n = 9 # 8 # 2 = 18
2#2#2 Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014, Delhi 2014]
Hence, number of cubes recast is 18. We have radius r = 7 m and height h = 24 m
44. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm and Slant height of tent,
diameter 1.4 cm, a conical cavity of the same height l = r2 + h2 = 72 + 242
and same diameter is hollowed out. Find the volume
of the remaining solid to the nearest cm3. Use p = 227 = 625 = 25 m.
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] Curved surface area of cone,

As per question the figure is shown below. prl = 22 # 7 # 25 = 550 m2
7
Curves surface area of tent will be required area of
cloth. Let x meter of cloth is required
5x = 550 or, x = 550 = 110 m.
5
Thus 110 m of cloth is required.
Cost of cloth = 25 # 110 = Rs.2750 .
46. Find the number of plates, 1.5 cm in diameter and

0.2 cm thick, that can be fitted completely inside a
right circular of height 10 cm and diameter 4.5 cm.
Volume of remaining solid is difference of volume of Sol : [Board Term-2 2014]
cylinder and volume of cone. As per question we can arrange circular plate in right
circular as follows. Here smaller circle is plate of 1.5
pr 2 h - 1 pr 2 h = 2 pr 2 h
3 3 cm diameter and large circle is cylinder of 4.5 cm
diameter.
the radius of sphere.

Volume of sphere =Volume of cone

4 pr 3 = 1 pr 2 h
3 1 3 2
4 r 3 = 6 2 24
3# 1 ^ h# 3
From figure it may be easily seen that 6 plate will be
fitted in cylinder in one layer. 4r13 = 36 # 24
Height of six plate is 0.2 cm. Total height of cylinder r13 = 63 & r1 = 6 cm
is 10 cm. Thus layer of plate in cylinder is 010.2 = 50
Hence, radius of sphere is 6 cm.
layer. Thus total plate 50 # 6 = 300
47. A solid metallic cylinder of radius 3.5 cm and height 50. A metallic sphere of total volume p is melted and
14 cm melted and recast into a number of small solid recast into the shape of a right circular cylinder of
metallic ball, each of radius 127 cm. Find the number radius 0.5 cm. What is the height of cylinder ?
of balls so formed. Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
Sol : [Board Term-2 2016] Volume of cylinder = Volume of sphere,

Let the number of recasted balls be N . pr 2 h = p
Radius of cylinder R = 3.5 cm where r and h are radius of base and height
Height of cylinder h = 14 cm of cylinder
Radius of recasted ball r = 7 ^0.5h2 h = 1
12
Volume of balls = Volume of cylinder 0.25h = 1 & h = 4 cm.
n 4 pr 3 = pR 2 h A metallic solid sphere of radius 4.2 cm is melted and
3 51.
recast into the shape of a solid cylinder of radius 6 cm.
n # 4 # 7 # 7 # 7 = 3.5 # 3.5 # 14
3 12 12 12 Find the height of the cylinder.
n = 3.5 # 3.5 # 14 # 3 # 12 # 12 # 12 Sol : [Board Term-2, 2012]
4#7#7#7
= 0.5 # 0.5 # 2 # 3 # 3 # 12 # 12 Volume of sphere = Volume of cylinder
= 648 4pR3 = pr2 h

3
Hence, number of recasted balls is 648. 4p
3 #^ h
4.2 3 = p62 # h
48. Find the number of coins of 1.5 cm diameter and
0.2 cm thickness to be melted to form a right circular h = 4 # 4.2 # 4.2 # 4.2
3#6#6
cylinder of height 10 cm and diameter 4.5 cm. Hence, height of cylinder is h = 2.744 cm.
Volume of of any cylinder shape is pr2 h . THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

Volume of coin = p ^0.75h # 0.2 cm
2 3
Volume of cylinder = p ^2.25h2 # 10 cm3 52. From a solid cylinder whose height is 15 cm and the
Volume of cylinder diameter is 16 cm, a conical cavity of the same height
No. of coins =
Volume of coin and same diameter is hollowed out, Find the total
p ^2.25h2 # 10 ^3 h2 # 10 surface area of remaining solid. (Given your answer in
= = terms of p ).
p ^0.75h # 0.2
2 0.2
= 450 Sol :
[Board 2010]
49. A cone of height 24 cm and radius of base 6 cm is Height of cylinder, h = 15 cm

made up of clay. If we reshape it into a sphere, find
Radius of cylinder, r = 16 = 8 cm Volume of a right circular cylinder = 25 1 cm

2 7
Radius of base of cone, r = 8 cm pr2 h = 176
7
Let slant height of cone be l , then we have
22 h2 h = 176
l = r2 + h2 = 82 + 152 7 # # 7
h =3 176 = 8 = 23 .
= 64 + 225 = 289 22
Thus l = 17 cm Hence, height of the cylinder = 2 cm.
TSA of reaming solid
= Top area of cylinder+ 54. A solid is in the shape of a cone mounted on a
hemisphere of same base radius. If the curved surface
+ CSA of cylinder + CSA of conical cavity
areas of the hemispherical part and the conical part
= pr2 + 2prh + prl are equal, then find the ratio of the radius and the
= pr (r + 2h + l) height of the conical part.
= p # 8 (3 + 2 # 15 + 17) Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Let ABC be a cone, which is mounted on a hemisphere.

= p # 8 # 55 = 440p
TSA of reaming solid is 440p .
PRACTICE
 From a solid cylinder whose height is 8 cm and

radius 6 cm, a conical cavity of same height
and same base radius is hollowed out. Find the
total surface area of the remaining solid. (Take
p = 3.14 )
Ans : 603.43 cm2
We have OC = OD = r
 From a solid cylinder of height 24 cm and diameter
14 cm, a conical cavity of the same height and Curved surface area of the hemispherical part
same diameter is hollowed out. Find the total = 1 (4pr2) = 2pr2
surface area of the remaining solid. 2
[Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017] Slant height of a cone, l = r2 + h2
Ans : 1760 cm 2
Curved surface area of a cone = prl = pr h2 + r2
Since curved surface areas of the hemispherical part
and the conical part are equal,
 From a right circular cylinder of height 2.4 cm
and radius 0.7 cm, a right circular cone of same 2p r 2 = p r h 2 + r 2
radius is cut-out. Find the total surface area of 2r = h2 + r2
the remaining solid.
Squaring both of the sides, we have
Ans : 17.6 cm2 4r2 = h2 + r2
4r2 - r2 = h2
3r2 = h2
53. The volume of a right circular cylinder with its height
equal to the radius is 25 71 cm3 . Find the height of the r2 = 1
cylinder. Ûse p = 227 h h2 3
r = 1
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] h 3
Let r be the radius of base of cylinder and h be Hence, the ratio of the radius and the height is 1 : 3
height.
55. From a solid right circular cylinder of height 14 cm 57. A wooden article was made by scooping out a
and base radius 6 cm, a right circular cone of same hemisphere from each end of a solid cylinder, as
height and same base removed. Find the volume of shown in Figure. If the height of the cylinder is 10 cm
the remaining solid. and its base is of radius 3.5 cm, find the total surface
area of the article.
Let h and r be the height and radius of cylinder and

cone.
Height, h = 14 cm
and radius, r = 6 cm
Volume of the remaining solid,
Vremain = Vcylinder - Vcone
= pr 2 h - 1 pr 2 h
3
2
= pr h 2
3
= 2 # 22 # 6 # 6 # 14 Sol : [Board 2018]
3 7
Total surface Area of article
= 1056 cm3 = CSA of cylinder + CSA of 2 hemispheres
56. A solid is in the shape of a hemisphere surmounted CSA of cylinder = 2prh
by a cone. If the radius of hemisphere and base radius
= 2 # 22 # 3.5 # 10
of cone is 7 cm and height of cone is 3.5 cm, find the 7
volume of the solid. ^Take p = 227 h = 220 cm2
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Curved surface area of two hemispherical scoops
As per given information in question we have drawn = 2 # 2pr2
the figure below,
= 4 # 22 # 3.5 # 3.5
7
= 154 cm2
Total surface area of article = 220 + 154 = 374 cm2
58. Water in a canal, 6 m wide and 1.5 m deep, is flowing

with a speed of 10 km/hour. How much area will
it irrigate in 30 minutes; if 8 cm standing water is
needed?
Sol : [Board 2020 OD STD, 2019 Delhi, Delhi 2014, 2012]
Canal is the shape of cuboid where

Here, radius r = 7 cm
Breadth = 6 m
and height of a cone = 3.5 cm
Depth = 1.5 m
Volume of the solid,
and speed of water = 10 km/hr
= Volume of hemisphere + volume of a cone Length of water moved in 60 minutes i.e. 1 hour
= 2 pr 3 + 1 pr 2 h = 10 km
3 3
Length of water moved in 30 minutes i.e. 12 hours,
= 2 22 73 + 1 22 73 3.5
3# 7 # 3# 7 # # = 1 # 10 = 5 km = 5000 m
2
= 1 (2156 + 539)
3 Now, volume of water moved from canal in 30 minutes
= 1 2695 = 898.33 cm3 . = Length # Breadth # Depth

3#
= 5000 # 6 # 1.5 m3
Volume of flowing water in canal 61. A tent is in the shape of cylinder surmounted by a
conical top of same diameter. If the height and
= volume of water in area irrigated
diameter of cylindrical part are 2.1 m and 3 m
5000 # 6 # 1.5m3 = Area Irrigated # 8 cm respectively and the slant height of conical part is
2.8 m, find the cost of canvas needed to make the tent
5000 # 6 # 1.5m3 = Area Irrigated # 8 m
100 if the canvas is available at the rate of Rs.500 per
square meter. Use p = 227 .
Area Irrigated = 5000 # 6 # 1.5 # 100 m2
8
= 5.625 # 105 m2
PRACTICE
 Water in a canal, 5.4 m wide and 1.8 m deep, is

flowing with a speed of 25 km/hour. How much
area can it irrigate in 40 minutes, if 10 cm of
standing water is required for irrigation ?
Ans : 162000 m3
59. A right circular cone of radius 3 cm, has a curved

surface area of 47.1 cm2. Find the volume of the cone.
(Use p = 3.14 ) Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] Area of canvas required will be surface area of tent.
We have r = 3, prl = 47.1 Height of cylinder = 2.1 m
47.1 = 5
Thus l =
3 # 3.14 Radius of cylinder = radius of cone = 3 m
2
h = 52 - 32 = 4 cm Slant height of cone = 2.8 m
Volume of cone, Surface area of tent,

1 pr2 h = 1 3.14 3 3 4 = C.S.A of cone + C.S.Aof cylinder.
3 3# # # #
= prl + 2prh = pr (l + 2h)
= 37.68 cm3
Thus pr (l + 2h) = 22 # 3 ^2.8 + 2 # 2.1h
7 2
60. The sum of the radius of base and height of a solid
right circular cylinder is 37 cm. If the total surface = 33 # 7 = 33 m2
7
area of the solid cylinder is 1628 sq. cm, find the
volume of the cylinder. p = 227 . Total Cost = 33 # 500
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] = 16, 500Rs

We have r + h = 37 (1) 62. A hemispherical bowl of internal diameter 36 cm
and 2pr ^r + h h = 1628 (2) contains liquid is filled into 72 cylindrical bottles of
diameter 6 cm. Find the height of the each bottle, if
Thus 2pr # 37 = 1628
10% liquid is wasted in this transfer.
2pr = 1628 & r = 7 cm Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
37
Substituting r = 7 in (1) we have Volume of the hemispherical bowl of internal diameter
36 cm will be equal to the 72 cylindrical bottles of
h = 30 cm. diameter 6 cm.
Here volume of cylinder Volume of bowl = 2 pr3
3
pr2 h = 22 # 7 # 7 # 30 = 4620 cm3
7
= 2 p # ^18h3 cm3 4ABCD , in the square of side 10 cm.

3
In TABC, +B = 90
Volume of liquid in bowl is equal to the volume of
bowl. From Pythagoras theorem we have
Volume of liquid after wastage = 2 p ^18h3 # 90 cm3 AC2 = AB2 + BC2

3 100
Volume of one bottle = pr h2 ^2r h2 = ^10h2 + ^10h2
Volume of liquid in 72 bottles 4r2 = 200 cm2
= p # ^3 h2 # h # 72 cm2 r = 200 = 5 2 cm
4
Volume of bottles = volume in liquid after wastage Hence, the required diameter of hemisphere
p # ^3 h # h # 72 = 2 p # ^18h2 # 90
2
d = 2r = 2 # 5 2 = 10 2 cm
3 100
3 p # ^18h # 100
2 2 90 Now, area of unshaded part in fig (ii)
h =
p # ^3 h2 # 72 A2 = area of circle- area of square ABCD
Hence, the height of bottle = 5.4 cm
= pr2 - â h2 = 8p # 50 - ^10h2B
63. A cubical block of side 10 cm is surmounted by a = ^157 - 100h = 57 cm2
hemisphere. What is the largest diameter that the Now, Total surface area of solid
hemisphere can have ? Find the cost of painting the
total surface area of the solid so formed, at the rate of A = A1 + A2 + 2pr2
Rs.5 per 100 sq. cm. Use p = 3.14 . = 6500 + 57 + 2 # 3.14 # 50@
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] = 871 cm2
The cost of painting of solid
= b 871 # 5 l = 43.55 Rs
100
64. A metallic cylinder has radius 3 cm and height 5 cm.
To reduce its weights, a conical hole is drilled in the
cylinder. The conical hole has a radius of 32 cm and its
depth 89 cm. calculate the ratio of the volume of metal
left in the cylinder to the volume of metal taken out
in conical shape.
Volume of cylinder,
pr2 h = p ^3 h2 # 5
= 45p cm3
Volume of conical hole,
1 pr2 h = 1 p 3 2 8 = 2 p cm3
3 3 b2l # 9 3
Metal left in cylinder = 45p - 2 p = 133p
3 3
Side of given cube a = 10 cm Volume of metal left
133
p
= 32 = 133 | 2 .
Area of cube(excluding base) Volume of metal taken out 3 p
A1 = area of 4 walls + area of Top Hence required ratio is 133 | 2
= 4a2 + a2 = 5a2 = 5 ^10h2 = 500 cm2 65. A solid right-circular cone of height 60 cm and radius
Let r be the largest radius of hemisphere. From fig. 30 cm is dropped in a right-circular cylinder full of
(ii) we have water of height 180 cm and radius 60 cm. Find the
volume of water left in the cylinder in cubic metre.
Use p = 22
7 .
Internal Radius, r = 6 = 3 cm
2
Volume of water in cylinder is equal to the volume of Volume of copper used in making the pipe
cylinder. Thus = (Volume of External Cylinder)
Volume of water in cylinder = Volume of cylinder - (Volume of Internal Cylinder)
pr2 h = p ^60h2 # 180 = pR 2 h - p r 2 h
= 648000p cm 3
= ph ^R2 - h2h
Water displaced on dropping cone is equal to the
volume of solid cone, which is = 22 # 210 # ^52 - 32h
7
1 pr 2 h = 1 p
3 #^ h #
30 2 60 = 22 210 # ^25 - 9h
3 7 #
= 18000p cm3
= 22 # 210 # 16
7
Volume of water left in cylinder
= 10560 cm3.
= Volume of cylinder - Volume of cone
= 648000p - 18000p = 630000p cm3 68. A glass is in the shape of a cylinder of radius 7 cm
and height 10 cm. Find the volume of juice in litre
= 630000 # 22 m3 = 1.98 m3 required to fill 6 such glasses. Use p = 227
1000000 # 7
66. The rain water from 22m # 20 m roof drains into Sol : [Board Term-2, 2015]
cylindrical vessel of diameter 2 m and height 3.5 m. Radius of the glass r = 7 cm

If the rain water collected from the roof fills 45th of Height of the glass h = 10 cm
cylindrical vessel then find the rainfall in cm.
Volume of 1 glass,
Let h be the rainfall. pr2 h = 22 # 7 # 7 # 10

7
Volume of water collected in cylindrical vessel, = 1540 cm3
4 pr 2 h = 4 p 7 m3
5 # #^ h #b2l
12 Volume of juice to fill 6 glasses,
5
6pr2 h = 6 # 1540 = 9240 cm3
= 44 m3
5
Volume in litre = 9240 = 9.240 litre.
Rain water from roof = 22 # 20 # h m3 1000
Now 22 # 20 # h = 44 69. The largest possible sphere is carved out of a wooden

5 solid cube of side 7 cm. Find the volume of the wood
h = 44 1 = 1 m3 left. Use p = 227
5 # 22 # 20 50
= 1 # 100 = 2 cm The diameter of the largest possible sphere is the side
50
of the cube.
67. A hollow cylindrical pipe is made up of copper. It is
21 dm long. The outer and inner diameters of the pipe Side of cube a = 7 cm
are 10 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find the volume of Thus radius of sphere r = 7 cm.
copper used in making the pipe. 2
Volume of the wood left,
Volume of copper used in making the pipe is equal to Vcube - Vsphere = a3 - 4 pr3
3
the difference of volume of external cylinder and
= 73 - 4 # 22 # b 7 l
3
volume of internal cylinder. 3 7 2
Height of cylindrical pipe, 4 22 1 3
= 7 ;1 - #
7 #b2l E
3
h = 21 dm = 210 cm 3
External Radius, R = 10 = 5 cm = 73 :1 - 4 # 22 # 1 D
2 3 7 8
= 73 :1 - 11D which is 3.5 cm.

21 Radius of toy = radius of cylinder = 3.5 cm
= 73 # 10 = 490 Vol. of toy = Vol. of cylinder- 2 # Vol. of hemisphere
21 3
Hence, volume of wood = 163.3 cm3. = pr 2 h - 2 # 2 pr 3
3
70. A girl empties a cylindrical bucket, full of sand, of = pr2 :h - 4r D

3
radius 18 cm and height 32 cm, on the floor to form a
conical heap of sand. If the height of this conical heap = 22 # ^3.5h2 :10 - 4 # 3.5 D
7 3
is 24 cm, then find its slant height correct upto one
place of decimal. = 22 # 3.5 # 3.5 # : 30 - 4 # 3.5 D
7 3
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014] 22
= 0.5 # 3.5 # 16
3 #
Here volume of cone is equal to the volume of cylinder.
= 204.05 cm3.
Let r1 and r2 be the radii of the cylinder and cone
respectively.
72. A vessel is in the form of a hemispherical bowl
Volume of cone = Volume of Cylinder surmounted by a hollow cylinder of same diameter.
1 pr 2 h = pr h 2 The diameter of the hemispherical bowl is 14 cm and
3 2 1
the total height of the vessel is 13 cm. Find the total
1 r 2 24 = 18 18 32 surface area of the vessel. Use p = 227
3# 2 # # #
r22 = 3 # 18 # 18 # 32 As per question the figure is shown below.
24
r22 = 1296 & r2 = 36 cm
Radius of cone r2 = 36 cm
Now, slant height of cone
l = h2 + r2 = 242 + 362
= 576 + 1296
= 43.2 cm.
71. A wooden toy was made by scooping out a hemisphere

of same radius from each end of a solid cylinder. If
the height of the cylinder is 10 cm, and its base is of
radius 3.5 cm, find the volume of wood in the toy. Use
p = 227
Radius of hemisphere r = 14 = 7 cm
2
Height of cylinder h = 13 - 7 = 6 cm
Total slanted area of cylinder,
= S.A of hemisphere +S.A. of cylinder
= 2pr2 + 2prh
= 2pr ^r + h h
= 2 # 22 # 7 # ^7 + 6h
7
= 44 # 13 = 572 cm2
73. The radii of two right circular cylinders are in the

ratio of 2 | 3 and their height are in the ratio of
5 | 4 . Calculate the ratio of their curved surface area
Here radius of toy is equal to the radius of cylinder
and radio of their volumes. = 214.5 cm2

PRACTICE
Let the radii of two cylinders be 2r and 3r
and their heights be 5h and 4h respectively.  A toy is in the form of a cone surmounted on a
hemisphere of common base of diameter 7 cm.
Ratio of their curved surface areas,
If the height of the toy is 15.5 cm, find the total
= 2p # 2r # 5h = 5 surface area of the toy. Use p = 227
2p # 3r # 4h 6
[Board Term-2 2012]
Thus their curved surface areas are in the ratio of
Ans : 214.5 cm2
5 | 6.
Ratio of their volumes,
p # ^2r h2 # 5h A metallic solid sphere of radius 10.5 cm melted and
= 5#4 = 5
75.
=
2p # 3r # 4h 4#9 9 recasted into smaller solid cones each of radius 3.5 cm
Hence, their volumes are in the ratio of 5 | 9 and and height 3 cm. How may cones will be made ?
their C.SA are in the ratio of 5 | 6 . Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]
74. A toy is in the form of a cone radius 3.5 cm mounted Radius of given sphere R = 10.5 cm
on a hemisphere of same radius. If the total height of Volume of sphere,
the toy is 15.5 cm, find the total surface area of the 4 pR3 = 4 p (10.5) 3 cm3
toy. Use p = 227 3 3
Radius of one recasted cone,
Sol : [Board OD 2020 Basic]
As per question the figure is shown below. Here total r = 3.5 cm

surface area of the toy is equal to the sum of surface Height h = 3 cm
area of hemisphere and curved surface area of cone. 1 pr2 h = 1 p (3.5) 2 3 = p (3.5) 2 cm3
Volume #
3 3
Let the number of recasted cones be n . Volume of
sphere is equal to the n recasted cone.
np (3.5) 2 = 4 p (10.5) 3
3
3
(10.5)
n =4 = 4 # 10.5 # b 10.5 l
2
3 (3.5) 2 3 3.5
= 4 # 10.5 # (3) 3
3
= 4 # 10.5 # 3 = 126
Hence, number of recasted cones is 126.
Radius r = 7 = 3.5 cm
2 PRACTICE
and height h = 12 cm  A solid metallic sphere of diameter 16 cm is
Slant height of cone, melted and recasted into smaller solid cones, each
of radius 4 cm and height 8 cm. Find the number
l = r2 + h2 = 3.52 + 122 = 12.5
of cones so formed.
Total surface area of the toy [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]
= Surface area of hemisphere + Ans : 16 cones
+ Curved surface area of cone
2
= 2pr + prl 76. A solid sphere of diameter 6 cm is dropped in a right
= pr ^2r + l h circular cylindrical vessel partly filled with water.
The diameter of the cylindrical vessel is 12 cm. If the
= 22 # 3.5 # ^2 # 3.5 + 12.5h sphere is completely submerged into water, by how
7
much will the level of water rise in the cylindrical
= 11 # 19.5
vessel ? = 22 # 2 # 2 # 14
7
= 176 m3
Let h be the rise in level of water.
Let r be the width of embankment. The radius of
Radius of sphere = 3 cm.
outer circle of embankment
Radius of cylinder = 12 = 6 cm = 2+r
2
Volume of water displaced in cylinder will be equal to Area of upper surface of embankment
the volume of sphere. = p 8^2 + r h2 - ^2 h2B
Volume of embankment = Volume of earth taken out
p (6) 2 h = 4p (3) 3
3
p 8^2 + r h2 - ^2 h2B # 0.4 = 176
6#6#h = 4 #3#3#3
3 p 64 + r2 + 4r - 4@ # 0.4 = 176
6#6#h = 4#3#3 0.4 # 22 r2 + 4r = 176
7 ^ h
h = 4 # 3 # 3 = 1 cm r2 + 4r = 176 # 7 = 140
6#6 0.4 # 22
Hence the water level rises is 1 cm. 2
r + 4r - 140 = 0
77. A conical vessel, with base radius 5 cm height 24 cm, ^r + 14h^r - 10h = 0 & r = 10
is full of water. This water emptied into a cylindrical Hence width of embankment is 10 m.
vessel, of base radius 10 cm. Find the height to which
79. A sphere of diameter 12 cm, is dropped in a right
the water will rise in the cylindrical vessel. Use p = 227
circular cylindrical vessel, partly filled with water.
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] If the sphere is completely submerged in water, the
Here radius and height of conical vessel are 5 cm and water level into the cylindrical vessel rises by 3 5 cm.
24 cm. 9
Find the diameter of the cylindrical vessel.
Volume of cone = 1 pr2 h Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
3
= 1 p # 2.5 # 24 Radius of sphere = 12 = 6 cm
3 2
When water is emptied into cylindrical vessel, water Volume 4
= p # 63 cm3
3
will rise in cylindrical vessel. Let rise in height be h .
It is submerged into water, in cylindrical vessel, then
Volume of water raised = pr2 h . This volume is equal
water level rise by 3 59 = 329 cm. Volume of submerged
to the volume of cone.
sphere is equal to the volume of water rise in cylinder.
Thus p # (10) 2 # h = 1 p # 25 # 24 Volume submerged = Volume rise
3
100h = 25 # 8 Let r be radius of cylinder. Therefore
h = 2 cm p # r2 # 32 = 4 p # 63 cm
9 3
78. A well of diameter 4 m is dug 14 m deep. The earth 2
r = 216 # 3 # 4 = 27 # 3 # 4
taken out is spread evenly all around the well to form 32 4
a 40 m high embankment. Find the width of the r2 = 27 # 3 = 81 & r = 9 cm
embankment.
Diameter 2r = 2 # 9 = 18 cm.
Depth of well, d = 14 m, 80. A well of diameter 4 m dug 21 m deep. The earth

taken out of it has been spread evenly all around it
Radius, r = 12 m. in the shape of a circular ring of width 3 m to form
Volume of earth taken out, an embankment. Find the height of the embankment.
pr2 h = 22 # (2) 2 # 14 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]

7
Radius of earth dug out r =4=2 m
2
Depth of the earth d = 21, Volume of hemisphere = 2 pr3

3
Volume of earth pr2 d = 22 # (2) 2 # 21 Total volume of cone and hemisphere
7
= 22 # 4 # 3 = 264 m2 = 4 pr3 + 2 pr3 = 6 pr3 = 2pr3
3 3 3
Width of embankment = 3 m
According to question,
Outer radius of ring = 2 + 3 = 5 m
2pr3 = 54p
Let the height of embankment be h .
r3 = 27 & r = 3
Volume of embankment,
Hence diameter of conical part of ice-cream cones,
p ^R - r h2 h = 264
22 = 2r = 2 # 3 = 6 cm.
7 #^
5 2 - 2 2h # h = 264
PRACTICE
22
7 #^
25 - 4h # h = 264
 A right cylindrical container of radius 6 cm and
22 21 h = 264 height 15 cm if full of ice-cream, which has to be
7 # # distributed to 10 children in equal cones having
= 264
22 # 3 # h hemispherical shape on the top. If the height of
h = 264 # 7 = 4 the conical portion is four times its base radius,
22 # 21 find the radius of the ice-cream cone.
Height of embankment is 4 m. [Board 2019 OD]
Ans : 3 cm
PRACTICE
 A well diameter 3 m is dug 14 m deep. The soil

taken out of it is spread evenly around it to a 82. A hemispherical tank, of diameter 3 m, is full of water.
width of 5 m. to form a embankment. Find the It is being emptied by a pipe at the rate of 3 74 litre
height of the embankment. per second. How much time will it take to make the
[Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] tank half empty ? Use p = 227
Ans : 78.75 cm
Radius r =3 m
2
81. A cylindrical tub, whose diameter is 12 cm and height
Volume of hemispherical tank,
15 cm is full of ice-cream. The whole ice-cream is to
V = 2 p r 3 = 2 p b 3 l m3
3
be divided into 10 children in equal ice-cream cones, 3 3 2
with conical base surmounted by hemispherical top.
If the height of conical portion is twice the diameter = 2 # 22 # 27 m3
3 7 8
of base, find the diameter of conical part of ice-cream
= 11 9 = 99 m3
cones. 7 # 2 14
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] Since 1 m3 = 1000 litre, we have
For cylindrical tub,
V = 99 # 1000 litre
Radius R = 12 = 6 cm 14
2 Volume of half of the hemisphere
Height H = 15 cm. V =1 99 1000 Litres
Volume pR H = p ^6 h2 # 15 = 540p cm3
2 2 2 # 14 #
Let time taken for this volume to flow out be t . Then
Each child will get the ice-cream 540p cm3 according to question,
10
= 54p cm3 3 4 t = 1 # 99 # 1000
7 2 14
For cone, height h = 2 # d = 2 # 2r = 4r 25t = 1 99 1000
7 2 # 14 #
Volume of cone,
1 pr2 h = 1 pr2 4r = 4 pr3 t = 7 # 1 # 99 # 1000
# 25 2 14
3 3 3
= 990 sec
100h = 150 & h = 1.5 cm
= 16 minutes 30 sec.
Hence the height of water is 1.5 cm.
83. 504 cones, each of diameter 3.5 cm and height 3 cm,
are melted and recast into a metallic sphere. Find the 85. Rampal decided to donate canvas for 10 tents conical
diameter of the sphere and hence find its surface area. in shape with base diameter 14 m and height 24 m
Use p = 227 to a centre for handicapped person’s welfare. If the
cost of 2 m wide canvas is Rs. 40 per meter, find the
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] amount by which Rampal helped the money.
Volume of single cone,
Vcone = 1 pr2 h = p # b 3.5 l # 3
2
3 3 2 Radius of tent r = 14 = 7 m
2
Volume of recast sphere,
Height h = 24 m
Vsphere = 4 pr3
3 Slant height l = r2 + h2
Volume of sphere is equal to the volume of 504 cones.
= 72 + 242
Thus Vsphere = 504Vcone
= 49 + 576 = 25 m
4p r3 = 504 p 3.5 2 3
3 # # 3 # b 2 l# Surface area of the tent,
4r3 = 504 # 7 # 7 # 3 prl = prl = 22 # 7 # 25 = 550 m2

4 4 7
3 7 7 Surface area of 10 tents,
r = 126 # # # 3
4 4
= 550 # 10 = 5500
= 7#9#2#7 #7 #3
4 4 Total cost = 5500 # 40 = 110000
2
= 3#3#7 #7 #7 #3 Hence, Rampal helped the centre of 110000 Rs.
2 2 2
r = 3 # 7 = 10.5 cm 86. A cone of maximum size is curved out from a cube
2
edge 14 cm. Find the surface area of remaining solid
Thus diameter is 21 cm. after the cone is curved out.
Surface area 4pr2 = 4 # 22 # 10.5 # 10.5 Sol : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017]
7
If a cone of maximum size is curved out from a cube
= 1386 cm2
edge a , diameter and height of cone will be a
84. The 34 th part of a conical vessel of internal radius Side of cube a = 14 cm.
5 cm and height 24 cm is full of water. The water If cone of maximum size is curved out,
emptied into a cylindrical vessel with internal radius
10 cm. Find the height of water in cylindrical vessel. Radius of cone r = 14 = 7 cm
2
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] Height of cone h = 7 cm
Radius of conical vessel = 5 cm
Slant height l = r2 + h2 = 72 + 142
Height of conical vessel = 24 cm
= 49 + 196 = 245
Volume of this vessel, = p # ^5 h2 # 24
3 = 15.65 cm.
= 200p cm3 Total surface area,
Internal radius of cylindrical vessel = 10
= Surface area cube + curved Surface area of cone
Let the h be the height of emptied water.
- Circular area of base of cone
Volume of water in cylinder,
= 6a2 + prl - pr2
pr2 h = 3 # Volume of cone
4
= 6 # 14 # 14 + 22 # 7 # 15.65 - 22 # 7 # 7
7 7
p # 10 # 10 # h = 3 # 200p
4
= 1176 + 622 ^15.65 - 7h@ Let the number of toys recast be n .

= 1176 # 22 # 8.65 Volume of n conical toys = Volume of cylinder
= 223792.8 cm2 n # 1 pr 2 h = pR 2 H
3
87. From a rectangular block of wood, having dimensions 1
n # # 3 # 3 # 9 = 6 # 6 # 15
3
15 cm # 10 cm # 3.5 cm, a pen stand is made by
making four conical depressions. The radius of each n = 6 # 6 # 15 = 20
3#9
one of the depression is 0.5 cm and the depth 2.1 cm.
Hence the number of toys is 20.
Find the volume of wood left in the pen stand.
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017] 90. Find the volume of the largest solid right circular cone
that can be cut out off a solid cube of side 14 cm.
Volume of cuboidal block
l # b # h = 15 # 10 # 3.5 = 525 cm3 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
The base of cone is the largest circle that can be

Volume of one cone
inscribed in the face of the cube and the height will
1 pr 2 h = 1 22 0.5 0.5 2.1 cm3 be equal to edge of the cube.
3 3# 7 # # #
= 0.55 cm3 Radius of cone, r = 14 = 7 cm

2
Volume of 4 cones Height of cone, h = 14 cm
2
4 # pr h = 0.55 # 4 = 2.2 cm3 Volume of cone, V = 1 pr 2 h
3 3
Volume of wood remaining in pen stand
= 1 # 22 # 7 # 7 # 14
= 525 - 2.2 = 522.80 cm3 3 7
= 2156 = 718.67 .
3
88. The ratio of the volumes of two spheres is 8 | 27 . If
r and R are the radii of sphere respectively, then find 91. A bucket is in the from of a frustum of a cone of
the ^R - r h | r . height 30 cm with radii of its lower and upper ends
as 10 cm and 20 cm, respectively. Find the capacity
of the bucket. Also find the cost of milk which can
Ratio of volumes
completely fill the bucket at the rate of < 40 per litre.
pr 3 Ûse p = 7 h
4
Volume of 1 st sphere
= 8
22
= 3
Volume of 2 nd sphere 4
3 pR 3 27
r3 = 8
R3 27 Height of frustum, h = 30 cm
r = 2 Radius r1 = 20 cm
R 3
r 2 =2 and r2 = 10 cm
=
R-r 3-2 1 A frustum is shown below. Volume of frustum is the
R-r 1 capacity of bucket.
=
r 2
89. A solid cylinder of diameter 12 cm and height 15 cm

is melted and recast into toys in the shape of a cone
of radius 3 cm and height 9 cm. Find the number of
toys formed so.
Height of cylinder, H = 15 cm
Radius of cylinder, R = 12 = 6 cm
2 Volume of frustum,
Radius of cone r = 3 cm
V = 1 ph [r 12 + r 22 + r1 r2]
Height h = 9 cm 3
= 1 # 22 # 30 [(20) 2 + (10) 2 + 20 # 10] Slant height, l = (r1 - r2) 2 + h2

3 7
= (10 - 3) 2 + (24) 2
= 220 [400 + 100 + 200]
7 = 625 = 25 m
= 220 # 700 CSA = p (r1 + r2) l
7
= 22 (10 + 3) 25
3
= 22000 cm
7
= 22000 # 1 litre [1 litre = 1000 cm3]
1000 = 22 # 13 # 25
7
= 22 litre. 7150
= = 1021.42 m2
Total cost of milk which can completely fill the bucket 7
=< 40 # 22 =< 880 .
93. A farmer connects a pipe of internal diameter 20 cm
PRACTICE from a canal into a cylindrical tank in his field, which
 A bucket is in the form of a frustum of a cone of is 10 m in diameter and 2 m deep. If water flows
height 16 cm with radii of its lower and upper through the pipe at the rate of 3 km/hr, in how much
circular ends as 8 cm and 20 cm respectively. time will the tank be filled ?
Find the cost of milk which can completely fill the Sol : [Board Term-2 2012, Delhi 2015]
bucket, at the rate of < 40 per litre. (Use p = 3.14
) Radius of the tank R = 10 = 5 m
2
Depth of tank D =2 m
Ans : < 418
Volume of tank V = pR 2 D
= p (5) 2 # 2 = 50p
 An open metal bucket is in the shape of a frustum
of cone of height 21 cm with radii of its lower Radius of pipe r = 20 = 10 cm = 0.10 m
and upper ends are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively. 2
Find the cost of milk which can completely fill the Speed of the water is 3 km/hr.
bucket at the rate of < 40 per litre. Speed of water in minute,
= 3000 = 50 m/min
[Board Term - 2, 2017 Delhi]
Ans : < 616 60
Volume of water supplied in one minute
pr2 h = p # 0.10 # 0.10 # 50
92. Find the curved surface area of the frustum of a cone, Time taken to fill the tank,
the diameters of whose circular ends are 20 m and 6 m
t = 50p = 100
and its height is 24 m. p # 0.10 # 0.10 # 50
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Hence time taken to fill the tank is 100 minutes.
Height of frustum h = 24 m
94. Water is flowing at the rate of 2.52 km/h through a
Radius, r1 = 20 = 10 m cylindrical pipe into a cylindrical tank, the radius of
2
6 whose base is 40 cm. If the increase in the level of the
r2 = = 3 m water in the tank, in half an hour is 3.15 m, find the
2
A frustum is shown below. internal diameter of the pipe.
Let r be the internal radius of the pipe, then cross

section area of pipe is pr2 .
Speed of water flowing through the pipe
= 2.52 km/hr = 2520 m/hr
In an hour length of water = 2520 m
Volume of water flowing from pipe in 1 hr,
pr2 h = pr2 2520 m3 the perimeter (circumference) of its circular ends are
In 30 minute or in 0.5 hour, 18 cm and 6 cm. Find the curved surface area of the
frustum. Use p = 227
Volume of water flown = Volume of water in tank
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012, 2017]
pr2 2520 # 0.5 = p # (0.4) 2 # 3.15
1260r2 = 0.4 # 0.4 # 3.15
400r2 = 0.4 # 0.4
20r = 0.4 & r = 0.4 = 0.02 m

20
Internal radius is 2 cm and diameter of pipe is 4 cm.
95. The perimeters of the ends of the frustum of a cone

are 207.24 cm and 169.56 cm. If the height of the
frustum is 8 cm, find the whole surface area of the
frustum. (Use p = 3.14 ) We have l = 4 cm
Sol :
2pR = 18 cm & R = 18 = 9
Let R and r be the radii of the circular ends of the 2p p

frustum where R 2 r . and 2pr = 6 & r = 6 = 3 cm
As per question the figure is shown below. 2p p
Curved surface area of frustum,
pl ^R + r h = p # 4 b 9 + 3 l
p p
= 4p # 12 = 48 cm2.
p
97. A solid is in the form of a cylinder with hemispherical

Now 2pR = 207.24
end. The total height of the solid is 20 cm and the
R = 207.24 = 33 = 33 cm diameter of the cylinder is 7 cm. Find the total volume
2 # 3.14
of the solid. (Use p = 227 )
and 2pr = 169.56 cm
r = 169.56 = 27 = 27 cm As per given information in question we have drawn

2 # 3.14
Now l = h2 + ^R - r h2
2
= 82 + ^33 - 27h2
l2 = 100 & l = 10 cm
Whole surface area of the frustum
= pR2 + pr2 + p ^R + r h l
= p `R2 + r2 + ^R + r h l j
= 3.14 8^33h2 + ^27h2 + ^33 + 27h 10B
Height of the cylinder,
= 3.14 ^1089 + 729 + 600h
h = (20 - 7) cm = 13 cm
= 3.14 # 2418 cm2
Radius of circular part,
= 7592.52 cm2.
r = 7 cm
2
96. The slant height of a frustum of a cone is 4 cm and
Volume of solid,
= Volume of cylinder + 2 # Volume of hemisphere 99. A hemispherical depression is cut from one face of a
cubical block, such that diameter l of hemisphere is
V = p r 2 h + 2 # b 2p r 3 l equal to the edge of cube. find the surface area of the
3
remaining solid.
= pr 2 b h + 4 r l
22 7 7 13 + 4 7
7 # 2 # 2: 3 # 2D
= Let r be the radius of hemisphere.
= 77 b 53 l cm3 Now r =l
2 3 2
= 680.2 cm3 Now, the required surface area

= Surface area of cubical block +
PRACTICE
- Area of base of hemisphere +
 A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder
with two hemisphere stuck to each of its ends, + Curved surface area of hemisphere.
the length of the entire capsule is 15 mm and the = 6 ^ l h2 - pr2 + 2pr2
diameter of the capsule is 5 mm. Find the Volume
= 6l2 - p b l l + 2p b l l
2 2
of the capsule. 2 2
Ans : 242.26 mm3 = l2 b 6 - p + 2p l
4 4
= l a6 + k
2 p
4
98. The weight of two spheres of same metal are 1 kg and
= l b 6 + 22 l
2
7 kg. The radius of the smaller sphere is 3 cm. The 7#4
two spheres are melted to form a single big sphere. 2
Find the diameter of the new sphere. = l2 b 6 + 11 l = 95l

14 14
100. The internal and external diameters of a hollow
Weight of smaller sphere, W1 = 1 kg hemispherical vessel are 16 cm and 12 cm respectively.
Weight of larger sphere, W2 = 7 kg If the cost of painting 1 cm2 of the surface area is Rs.
5.00, find the total cost of painting the vessel all over.
Radius of smaller sphere, r1 = 3 cm
(Use p = 3.14 )
Volume of smaller sphere, V1 = 4 pr3 Sol :
3 [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]

= 4 p (3) 3
3
= 4 p (27) = 36p cm3
3
Now weight of recanted metal sphere
= (1 + 7) kg = 8 kg
Since, 1 kg metal sphere occupies 36p cm3 space.
Thus 8 kg metal sphere occupies 8 # 36p cm3 space. Here R = 8 cm, r = 6 cm
Let R be the radius of new sphere, then volume of Surface area = 2pR2 + 2pr2 + p ^R2 - r2h
new 8 kg sphere is 43 pR3 .
= p 82 # 82 + 2 # 62 + ^82 - 62hB
Thus 4 pR3 = 36 8p cm3
#
3 = p 62 # 64 + 2 # 36 + ^64 - 36h@
R 3 = 36 # 2 # 3 = p 6128 + 72 + 28@
3 3
R = 9#4#2#3 = 3 #2
3
= 228 # 3.14 = 715.92 cm2
R = 2 # 3 = 6 cm Total cost = 715.92 # 5 = 3579.60 Rs
Diameter of new sphere
101. Water is flowing through a cylindrical pipe, of internal
2R = 2 # 6 = 12 cm diameter 2 cm, into a cylindrical tank of base radius
40 cm, at the rate of 0.4 m/s. Determine the rise in = 15 km/hr = 15000 m/hr
level of water in the tank in half an hour.
In an hour length of water = 15000 m
Volume of water flowing from pipe in 1 hr,
Radius of pipe r =2=1
pr2 h = 22 # b 7 l # 15000 m3
2
2
7 100
Water flow rate = 0.4 m/s = 40 cm/s Let t be time taken to fill the tank. Now total volume
Volume of water flowing through pipe in 1 sec. of water flowing in time t ,
pr2 h = p # ^1 h2 # 40 = 40p cm3 pr2 ht = 22 # b 7 l # 15000t
2
7 100
Volume of water flowing in 30 min ^30 # 60 sech
Volume of water flown = Volume of water in tank
= 40p # 30 # 60 = 72000p
pr2 ht = l # b # y
Volume of water in cylindrical tank in 30 min,
22 7 2 1500t = 50 # 44 # 21
Now pR2 H = p ^40h2 # H 7 # b 100 l # 100
22 7 7 = 50 # 44 # 21
p ^40h2 # H = 72000p 15000t
7 # 100 # 100 # 100
40 # 40 # H = 72000p 22 7 7 15000t = 50 # 44 # 21
7 # 100 # 100 # 100
Rise in water level
22 # 7 # 150t = 50 # 44 # 21
H = 72000 = 45 cm.
40 # 40 t = 50 # 44 # 21 = 2
22 # 150 # 7
Thus level of water in the tank is 45 cm.
Hence, time taken to fill the tank is 2 hours.
PRACTICE
PRACTICE
 Water is flowing at 7 m/s through a circular pipe
of internal diameter of 4 cm into a cylindrical  Water is flowing at the rate of 5 km/hour through
tank, the radius of whose base is 40 cm. Find the a pipe of diameter 14 cm into a rectangular tank
increase in water level in 30 minutes. of dimensions 50 m # 44 m. Find the time in
[Board Term-2 2012] which the level of water in the tank will rise by
Ans : 31.5 m. 7 cm.
Ans : 2 hours
 Water is flowing at the rate of 0.7 m/sec through
a circular pipe whose internal diameter is 2 cm
into a cylindrical tank, the radius of whose base 103. A cone is cut by a plane parallel to the base and
is 40 cm. Determine the increase in the level of upper part is removed. If the curved surface area of
water in half hour. upper cone is 19 times the curved surface of original
[Board Term-2 SQP 2016] cone. Find the ratio of line segment to which the con’s
Ans : 78.75 cm height is divided by the plane.

102. Water is flowing at the rate of 15 km/hr through a
cylindrical pipe of diameter 14 cm into a cuboidal
pond which is 50 m long and 44 m wide. In what time
the level of water in pond rise by 21 cm ?
Radius of pipe, r = 14 = 7 cm
2
Cross section area of pipe,
pr2 = 22 # b 7 l
2
7 100
Speed of water flowing through the pipe
Here we have Slant height of conical portion, l = 2 m

Curved surface of upper cone Total surface area of toy
=1
9
Curved surface of original cone 2prh + pr2 + prl = pr 67 + 2 + 2@ m2
prl = 1
pRL 9 = p 2 69 + 2 @ m2
rl = 1 ...(1) = p 62 + 9 2 @ m2
RL 9
By AA similarity TAOB + TACD , thus 105. From each end of a solid metal cylinder, metal was
r = h = l scooped out in hemispherical form of same diameter.
(2) The height of the cylinder is 10 cm and its base is of
R H L
radius 4.2 cm. The rest of the cylinder is melted and
Substituting (2) in (1) we have
converted into a cylindrical wire of 1.4 cm thickness.
h h =1 Find the length of the wire. Use p = 227
H #H 9
h2 = 1
H2 9 As per question the figure is shown below.
h =1
H 3
h = 1 =1
H-h 3-1 2
Height of upper cone
Hence =1
Height of lower frustum 2
Ratio of the line segments OA | OC is 1 | 2 .
104. A toy is in the form of a cylinder of diameter 2 2 m

and height 3.5 m surmounted by a cone whose vertical
angle is 90c. Find total surface area of the toy.
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] Volume of cylinder,
As per question the figure is shown below. pR2 H = p ^4.2h2 # 10 cm3
Volume of metal scooped out ,

= 2 # Volume of hemisphere
= 2 # 2 # pr 3 = 4 pr 3
3 3
4 p
3 ^ h
= 4.2 3
Volume of rest of cylinder,
= p ^4.2h2 # 10 - 4p ^4.2h3 cm3

3
4
= p ^4.2h2 b10 - # 4.2 l cm3
3
= p ^4.2h2 ^10 - 5.6h cm3
= p ^4.2h2 # 4.4 cm3
Here +C = 90c and AC = BC = l Now from rest volume a wire of thickness 1.4 cm
Thus 2
AB = AC + BC 2 2 i.e radius 0.7 cm is formed. Let l be length of wire.
Volume of wire and rest cylinder will be equal.
= l2 + l2 = 2l2
Volume of wire,
^2 2 h = 2l
2 2
Now
pr2 l = p ^4.2h2 # 4.4 cm3
Thus l = 2 and r = 2 m p ^0.7h2 l = p ^4.2h2 # 4.4 cm3
l = 4.2 # 4.2 # 4.4 cm3 = 6 # (6) 2 + 22 # 3.5 # 3.5

07 # 0.7 7 2 2
= 6 # 6 # 4.4 = 225.625 cm2.
= 158.4 cm
108. 150 spherical marbles, each of diameter 1.4 cm,
are dropped in a cylindrical vessel of diameter 7
106. A milk tanker cylindrical in shape having diameter
cm containing some water, which are completely
2 m and length 4.2 m supplies milk to the two booths
immersed in water. Find the rise in the level of water
in the ratio of 3 | 2 . One of the milk booths has
in the vessel.
cuboidal vessel having base area 3.96 sq. m. and the
other has a cylindrical vessel having radius 1 m. Find Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2014]
the level of milk in each of the vessels. Use p = 227
Radius of spherical marble r1 = 1.4 = 0.7 cm
2
Radius of cylindrical vessel R = 7 = 3.5 cm
Radius of milk tanker R =2=1 m 2
2
Let h be the rise in water level then,
Length of mil tanker L 4.2 m
Volume of 150 spherical marbles = Volume of water rise
Volume of milk tanker,
150 # 4p # b 7 l = p # b 7 l # h
3 2
pR L = 22 # 1 # 4.2 = 13.2 m3
2
3 10 2
7
Supply of milk to booth I, 150 # # # # 7 = 7 # 7 # h
4 7 7
3 10 10 10 2 2
= 13.2 # 3 = 2.64 # 3 = 7.92 m3 h = 4#7
5 5
Supply of milk to booth II, 28 = h & h = 5.6 cm
5
= 13.2 # 2 = 2.64 # 2 = 5.28 m3 Thus 5.6 cm will be rise in the level of water.
5
Height in 1sh vessel = 7.92 = 2 m 109. In fig., from a cuboidal solid metallic block of
3.96
dimensions 15 cm # 10 cm # 5 cm, a cylindrical hole
Height in 2nd vessel = 225.28 = 5.28 # 7 = 1.68 m of diameter 7 cm is drilled out. Find the surface area
7 #1
22
of the remaining block. Use p = 227
107. A decorative block, made up of two solids - a cube
and a hemisphere. The base of the block is a cube of Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
side 6 cm and the hemisphere fixed on the top has a As per question the figure is shown below.
diameter of 3.5 cm. Find the total surface area of the
block. Use p = 227 .
Let a be the side of cube and r be the radius of

hemisphere. As per question the figure is shown below.
We have l = 15 cm,b = 10 cm, h = 5 cm, r = 7 cm

2
Total Surface area = 2 ^lb + bh + hl h + 2prh - 2pr2
Surface area of block TSA of cuboidal block

= 6a2 - pr2 + 2pr2 = 2 ^15 # 10 + 10 # 5 + 5 # 15h
2
= 6a + pr 2 = 550 cm2.
Area of curved surface cylinder, = 12p "20 + 15,

2prh = 2 # 22 # 7 # 5 = 110 cm2 = 12 # 3.14 # 35
7 2
= 1318.8 cm2
Area of two circular bases = 2 # 22 # 7 # 7
7 2 2
PRACTICE
= 77 cm 2
Required area = 550 + 110 - 77 = 583 cm3.  A right angled triangle whose sides are 3 cm, 4 cm
and 5 cm is revolved about the longest side. Find
110. A right triangle whose sides are 20 cm and 15 cm the surface area of figure obtained. Use p = 227
is made to revolve about its hypotenuse. Find the [Board Term-2 2012]
volume and the surface area of the double cone so Ans : 52.8 cm2.
formed. (Use p = 3.14 )
111. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height
220 cm and base diameter 24 cm is surmounted by
another cylinder of height 60 cm and radius 8 cm.
Find the mass of the pipe, given that 1 cm3 of iron has
approximately 8 g mass. (Use p = 3.14 )
Sol : [Board 2019 OD, 2012]
We have AC2 = 202 + 152 = 625

AC = 25 cm
area ^TABC h = area ^TABC h
1 AC BD = 1 BC AB
2# # 2# #
25 # BD = 15 # 20 = 300
Radius of lower cylinder, R = 12 cm
BD = 12 cm
Height of lower cylinder, H = 220 cm
Volume of double cone,
Radius of upper cylinder, r = 8 cm
= Volume of upper cone + Volume of lower cone Height of upper cylinder, h = 60 cm
1 p BD 2 AD + 1 p BD 2 CD
3 ^ h# 3 ^ h#
= Volume of solid iron pole,
1 p BD 2 (AD + CD) pR2 H + pr2 h = 3.14 # ^12h2 # 220 + 3.14 # ^8h2 # 60

3 ^ h
=
= 111532.8 cm3
1 p BD 2 AC
3 ^ h^ h
= Mass of pole = 111532.8 # 8 g
1 3.14 (12) 2 25 = 892262.4 g
=
3# # #
= 892.2624 kg.
= 1 3.14 144 25 = 3768 cm2
3# # #
112. A heap of wheat is in the form of cone of diameter 6 m
Surface area= CSA of upper cone + CSA of lower cone and height 3.5 m. Find its volume . How much canvas
= p ^12h^20h + p ^12h^15h
cloth is required to just cover the heap ? Use p = 22

7
Radius of cone, r = 6 = 3 cm
2
Height of cone, h = 3.5 cm
Volume of wheat in the form of cone
V = 1 pr 2 h
3
= 1 # 22 # 3 # 3 # 3.5
3 7 Radius of cylinder = 2 cm
= 11 # 3 = 33 m 3
Height of cylinder = 4 cm
2
l = 3 + 3.5 = 4.609 m Volume of right circular cylinder
Canvas required to cover the heap, pr2 h = 3.14 # ^2 h2 # 4 cm3
prl = 22 # 3 # 4.609 = 50.24 cm3
7
= 43.45 m2. Difference of two volume
= Volume of cylinder - Volume of toy
113. A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted
= 50.24 - 25.12 = 25.12 cm3.
by a right circular cone. The height of the cone is 2
cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine 114. A solid wooden toy is in the form of a hemisphere
the volume of the toy. If a right circular cylinder surmounted by a cone of same radius. The radius of
circumscribes the toy, find the difference of the volume hemisphere is 3.5 cm and the total wood used in the
of the cylinder and toy. (Use p = 3.14 ) making of toy is 166 56 cm3. Find the height of the toy.
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012] Also find the cost of painting the hemisphere part of
Let BOC is a hemisphere and ABC is a cone. As per the toy at the rate of Rs. 10 per cm2. Use p = 227
question the figure is shown below. Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
Radius of hemisphere is equal to the radius of cone

which is 42 = 2 cm.
Height of cone, h = 2 cm
Radius of hemisphere is equal to the radius of cone
Volume of toy = 2 pr3 + 1 pr2 h which is 3.5 cm.
3 3
1 pr2 2r + h = 1 3.14 2 2 2 2 + 2
^ h 3# # # ^ # h Volume of toy = 2 pr3 + 1 pr2 h
3 3 3
= 1 # 3.14 # 4 # 6 166 5 = 2 pr3 + 1 pr2 h

3 6 3 3
= 25.12 cm3 1001 = pr2 (2r + h)
6 3
Let right circular cylinder EFGH circumscribe the
given solid toy. 1001 = 2pr2 (2r + h)
1001 = 2 # 22 # ^3.5h2 (2 # 3.5 + h)

7
116. A vessel full of water is in the form of an inverted

1001 = 22 # 3.5 # (7 + h) cone of height 8 cm and the radius of its top, which
91 = 2 # 3.5 # (7 + h) is open, is 5 cm. 100 spherical lead balls are dropped
into vessel. One-fourth of the water flows out of the
13 = 7 + h & h = 6
vessel. Find the radius of a spherical ball.
Height of the toy = 6 + 3.5 = 9.5 cm.
CSA of hemisphere, Volume of water in cone
2pr2 = 2 # 22 # 3.5 # 3.5 = 77 cm2 1 pr 2 h = 1 p 5 3 8 = 200 p cm3
7 3 3 #^ h # 3
Cost of painting = 10 # 77 = 770 Rs Volume of water flows out
115. A circus tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted = 1 # 200 p = 50 p cm3

4 3 3
by a conical top of same diameter. If their common
diameter is 56 m, the height of cylindrical part is 6 m Let r be the radius of one spherical ball.
and the total height of the tent above the ground is Volume of 100 spherical ball,
27 m, find the area of canvas used in the tent. 4 pr3 100 = 50 p
3 # 3
As per question the figure is shown below. r3 = 50 =1

4 # 100 8
r = 1 = 0.5 cm
2
117. A petrol tank is in the form of a frustum of a cone

of height 20 m with diameters of its lower and upper
ends as 20 m and 50 m respectively. Find the cost of
petrol which can fill the tank completely at the rate of
< 70 per litre. Also find the surface area of the tank.
Sol :
Petrol tank is in the shape of frustum of cone.
Height of a frustum of a cone,
Total height of tent HTotal = 27 m h = 20 m
Height of cylindrical part h = 6 m Radius r1 = 20 = 10 m
2
Height of conical part H = 27 - 6 = 21 m
and r2 = 50 = 25 m
Radius of cone R = 56 = 28 m 2
2
A frustum is shown below. Volume of frustum is the
Radius of cylinder R = 56 = 28 m capacity of petrol tank.
2
Slant height of cone L = R2 + H2
= 282 + 212
= 784 + 441 = 1225
= 35 m
Area of canvas used,
2prh + prl = pr ^2h + l h
= 22 # 28 ^2 # 6 + 35h
7 Volume of frustum,
= 22 # 4 # 47 V = 1 ph [r 12 + r 22 + r1 r2]
3
= 4136 m2
= 1 # 22 # 20 [102 + 252 + 10 # 25]
3 7
= 82 + 42
= 440 [100 + 625 + 250] = 440 # 975
21 21 = 64 + 16 = 80
= 440 # 325 m3 = 4 5 = 4 # 2.236

7
= 8.944 cm
Therefore capacity of tank is 440 # 325 m3 . Total surface area of frustum,
7
Cost of petrol = Capacity # Rate = p 8R2 + r2 + l ^R + r hB
= 440 # 325 # 70 = 22 862 + 22 + 8.944 ^6 + 2hB

7 7
=< 1430000 = 22 636 + 4 + 71.552@
7
Again, slant height,
= 22 # 111.552
l = h2 + (r2 - r1) 2 7
= 202 + (25 - 10) 2 = 350.59 cm2.
= 400 + 225 119. A bucket open at the top is in form of a frustum of a

= 625 = 25 m cone with a capacity of 12308.8 cm3. The radii of he
top and bottom circular ends are 20 cm and 12 cm
Surface area of tank, respectively. Find the height of the bucket and the
p (r1 + r2) l = 22 # (25 + 10) # 25 area of metal sheet used in making the bucket. (Use
7 p = 3.14 )
= 22 # 35 # 25 = 2750 m2 Sol :
7 [Board 2019 Delhi STD, 2016]
Let h be the height and V be the volume of bucket.

118. In fig from the top of a solid cone of height 12 cm and
base radius 6 cm, a cone of height 4 cm is removed by
a plane parallel to the base. Find the total surface area
of the remaining solid. Use p = 227 and 5 = 2.236 .
We have R = 20, r = 12, V = 12308.8

Volume of the bucket,
V = 1 p ^R2 + r2 + Rr h h
3
Let r be the radius of the top cone after cutting, 1
12308.8 = # 3.14 ^202 + 122 + 20 # 12h h
3
h = 12 - 4 = 8 cm
12308.8 = 1 # 3.14 ^400 + 144 + 240h h
Now 4 = 12 & r = 2 cm 3
r 6
12308.8 = 1 # 3.14 # 784 # h
Now slant length of frustum, 3
l = h2 + ^R - r h2 h = 15 cm
^20 - 12h2 + 15
2
l =
= ^8h2 + ^6 - 2h2 Now
= 82 + 152 = 17 cm
Total area of metal sheet used, = 796444.4 cm.

= CSA + Base area Hence, the length of wire is 7964.44 m.
= p 6^20 + 12h # 17 + 12 # 12@ 121. The height of a cone is 10 cm. The cone is divided
= 2160.32 cm 2 into two parts using a plane parallel to its base at the
Hence, height of the bucket is 15 cm and area of the middle of its height. Find the ratio of the volumes of
metal sheet used is 2160.32 sq. cm. the two parts.
120. A metallic right circular cone 20 cm high and whose
vertical angel is 60c is cut into two parts at the
middle of its height by a plane parallel to its base
if the frustum so obtained be drawn into a wire of
uniform diameter 161 cm, find the length of the wire.
Since TAOP + TABC , we have

AO = OP
AB BC
2h
Total height of cone = 20 cm h
r2
r1 & r2 = 2 r1
and vertex angle = 30c
Let the radius of cone be r1 , then we have Volume of cut off cone,
1
r = tan 30c = 1
1
Vcone1 = 3 phr12
20 3
Volume of frustum,
r1 = 20 cm 1
3 Vfrustum = 3 ph (r12 + r22 + r1 r2)
Height of the cone cut off = 10 cm
= 1 ph [r12 + (2r1) 2 + r1 (2r1)]
Let its radius be r2 . Then 3
r2 = tan 30c = 1 cm = 1 ph (7r12)
10 3 3
10 Ratio of volume two parts
r2 = cm
30 Vfrustum = 3 ph7r 1 = 7
1 2
Let the length of wire be l . Its radius is 321 cm. Vcone1 2 1

3 phr 1
1
Now Volume of frustum = Volume of wire Hence the ratio of volume two parts is 7 : 1. It should
be noted that this ratio is independent of height and
1 p h r 2 + r 2 + r r = pr 2 l
3 # ^ 1 2 1 2h radius of cone.
p 10 20 2 + 10 2 + 20 10 = p 1 2 l
3 # # =c 3 m c 3 m b 32 l PRACTICE
3G
#
3
1 10 400 + 100 + 200 = l  A cone of base radius 4 cm is divided into two
3# : 3 3 3 D 32 # 32 parts by drawing a plane through the mid-point
1 10 700 = 1 1 of its height and parallel to its. Compare the
l
3# # 3 32 # 32 # volume of the two parts.
l = 32 # 32 # 700 # 10
3#3 Ans : 7 : 1
 A cone of radius 10 cm is divided into two parts

by a plane parallel to its base through the mid-
point of its height. Compare the volume of the
two parts.
Ans : 7 : 1
122. The radii of the circular ends of a frustum of cone of

height 6 cm are 14 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find
the lateral area and total surface area of the frustum.

Let 3h be the height of given cone. So, the height of
cone ADE is 2h and height of cone ABC is h .
Since TABC + ADE , we have
r1 = h & 2r = r
1 2
r2 2h
Since TABC + AFG , we have
r1 = h & 3r = r
1 3
r3 3h
Volume of cone ABC ,
VABC = 1 pr12 h
3
Volume of cone ADE ,
We have R = 14 cm, r = 6 cm, h = 6 cm
l = h2 + ^R - r h2 VADE = 1 p ^r2h2 2h = 1 p ^2r1h2 .2h
3 3
= 62 + ^14 - 6h2 = 62 + 82 Volume of frustum BCED ,
= 36 + 64 = 10 cm VBCDE = 1 p4r12 2h - 1 pr12 h = 7 pr12 h
3 3 3
Lateral surface area, Volume of frustum DEGF
p ^R + r h l = 22 # ^14 + 6h # 10 cm2 VDEGF = 1 pr32 3h - 1 pr12 2h
7 3 3
= 628.57 cm2
= p ^3r1h2 3h - 1 ^2r1h2 .2h
1
3 3
Total surface area
= 1 pr12 h ^27 - 8h = 19 pr12 h
p 8R2 + r2 + l ^R + r hB = 22 # 6^196 + 36h + 20 # 10@ 3 3
7
Ratio
= 22 # 432 = 1357.71 cm2
7 VABC : VBCDE : VDEGF = 1 pr12 h | 7 pr12 h | 19 pr12 h
3 3 3
123. A right circular cone is divided into three parts
Hence, required ratio is 1 | 7 | 19 .
trisecting its height by two planes drawn parallel to
the base. Show that volumes of the three portions
124. The height of a cone is 30 cm. From its topside a small
starting from the top are in the ratio 1 | 7 | 19 .
cone is cut by a plane parallel to its base. If volume of
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] smaller cone is 271 of the cone then at what height it
Let r1, r2 and r3 be the radii of three cones from top is cut from the base ?
respectively. Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]
As per question the figure is shown below. Let r1 and r2 be the radii of smaller cone and original
cone respectively. Let h be the height of smaller cone
As per question the figure is shown below. Since TOND + TOMB , we have
h = r = l
H R L
15
CSA of the frustum = (CSA of cone OAB )
16
CSA of cone OCD
= (CSA of cone OAB ) - CSA of the frustum
= (CSA of cone OAB ) - 15 (CSA of cone OAB )

16
15
= b1 - l (CSA of cone OAB )
16
= 1 (CSA of cone OAB )
16
Since TABC + TAOP we have C.S.A. of cone OCD = 1
C.S.A. of cone OAB 16
h = r1 (1)
30 r2 prl = 1
pRL 16
Volume smaller cone = 1 # Volume of original cone r l 1
27 , a R kb L l = 16
1 pr 2 h = 1 1 pr 2 30
3 1# 27 # 3 2 # h h 1 l h
b H lb H l = 16 bL = H l
r1 2 h 1
a r2 k # 30 = 27 h =1
H 4
From (1) using h = r1 we have h = 1 =1
30 r2 H-h 4-1 3
h 2 h 1
b 30 l # 30 = 27 ON = 1
MN 3
h 3 1
b 30 l = 27
h = 1 & h = 10 cm
30 3
Hence, required height = ^30 - 10h = 20 cm 126. Well Embankment : Well embankment is a raised
wall that is built around the well. These are often
125. A cone is cut by a plane parallel to the base and
constructed using soils obtained from a digging well.
upper part is removed. It the CSA of the remainder
15
It provide protection to person from felling into the
is 16 of the CSA of whole cone, find the ratio of the
well.
line segments to which cone’s height is divided by the
plane.
Let the height of larger cone be H and height of

smaller cone be h . Let radius of larger and smaller
cones be R and r .
A well of diameter 6 m is dug 14 m deep. 151 of the

earth taken out is spread evenly all around the well to
form a embankment.
(i) Find the volume of the earth taken out. (i) How much water is flowing through the canal in 1
(ii) If the height of embankment is 1.2 m, what is the hour.
width of the embankment ? (ii) How much area can it irrigate in 40 minutes, if 10
cm of standing water is required for irrigation ?
Sol :
(iii) At some distance from canal, a framer is having
(i) Depth of well, d = 14 m,
a large cylindrical tank the radius of whose base
Radius, r = 6 = 3 m. is 2 m. Suppose the farmer connects this tank to
2 canal by a circular pipe of internal diameter of 4
Volume of earth taken out,
cm for irrigation his field. If water is flowing at 7
pr2 h = 22 # (3) 2 # 14 = 396 m3 m/s through a circular pipe, find the increase in
7
water level in 30 minutes.
(ii) Let w be the width of embankment. The radius of
outer circle of embankment Sol :
= 3+w (i) Water flow in 1 hour,
Area of upper surface of embankment = Area of cross-section # Speed of water
= p 6(3 + w) 2 - (3) 2@ = 5.4 # 1.8 # 25000 m3
Volume of embankment = 1
15 of volume of earth taken out = 54 # 18 # 250 m3
p 6(3 + w) - (3) @ # 1.2 = 1 # 396
2 2
= 243000 m3
15
(ii) Water flow in 40 minutes,
p (9 + w + 6w - 9) # 1.2 = 1 # 396
2
15
22 w2 + 6w 1 = 243000 # 40 m3
7^ h # 1.2 = 15 # 396 60
396 # 7 = 162000 m3
w2 + 6w = =7
15 # 1.2 # 22 Let A be the irrigated area then volume of water in
w2 + 6w - 7 = 0 irrigated area is equal to the water flow.
(w + 7) (w - 1) = 0 & w = 1 Thus A # 0.1 = 162000
Hence width of embankment is 1 m. A = 1620000 m3
127. Irrigation Canals : Irrigation canals are the main (iii) Length of water that flows from circular pipe in 1
waterways that bring irrigation water from a water sec is 7 m or 700 cm.
source to the areas to be irrigated. The water is taken Radius of pipe is 4 = 2 cm.
2
either from the river, tank or reservoirs. The canals
Thus volume of water in 1 second,
can be constructed either by means of concrete, stone,
brick or any sort of flexible membrane which solves = p # ^2 h2 # 700 cm3
the durability issues like seepage and erosion. Volume of water in 30 minutes,
= p # ^2 h2 # 700 # 60 # 30 cm3
Let h be height of water in tank. Since base of tank is
2 m, radius of tank is 1 m i.e. 100 cm.
Volume of water in the tank,
p1002 # h = p # 4 # 700 # 60 # 30
h = 700 # 60 # 30 # 4 = 504 cm
100 # 100
Hence, water level increased is 504 cm or 5.04 m.
128. Raju is a design engineer at a large pharmacy

company. He has to decide the shape of medicine and
for this he has to chose between tablet or captab.
One such canal shown above is of width 5.4 m wide a. Tablet : This is circular tablet.
and depth 1.8 m deep through which water is flowing
b. Captab : This is long tablet having semicircular
with a speed of 25 km/hour.
at both end.
The volume of medicine is 924 mm2 . woodchips, food products and sawdust.
(i) If Raju decide to make tablet of diameter 14 mm,
what is the thickness of tablet ?
(ii) If Raju decide to make captab of dimension 7 by
23.5 mm, what is the thickness of captab ?
Sol : A silo is in the shape of cylinder surmounted by a

(i) Surface area of tablet, conical top. The height and diameter of cylindrical
2 2
part are 40 feet and 42 feet respectively and the slant
St = p b d l = 22 # b 14 l = 22 # 72
2 7 2 7 height of conical part is 29 feet.
= 22 # 7 = 154 mm2 (i) How much metal sheet is required to make this
Let t t be thickness of tablet, then volume of tablet silo ?
must be 924 mm3 . (ii) Find the cost of metal sheet needed to make the
silo if the metal sheet is available at the rate of
Thus, 924 = 154 # tt
Rs. 250 per square feet.
t t = 924 = 6 mm (iii) What is the storage capacity of silo ?
154
(ii) Now we make the digram of captab as follows Sol :
The structure of silo will be as given below.
Surface area of cabtab

2
Sc = p b 7 l + 16.5 # 7
2
Let tc be thickness of cabtab, then volume of captab
must be 924 mm2 .
2
924 = <p b 7 l + 16.5 # 7F tc
2
2
Area of metal sheet required will be surface area of
924 = <22 # 72 + 16.5 # 7F tc silo.
7 2
Height of cylinder part,
924 = ;11 # 7 + 16.5 # 7E tc
2 hcy = 40 feet
924 = 11 # 7 61 + 3@t c Diameter of cylindrical part is 42 feet i.e radius is
2 21 feet. Since radius of cylinder part is equal to the
924 = 77 # 2 tc radius of conical part, for both part
tc = 924 = 6 mm r = 21 feet
77 # 2
Slant height of conical part,
129. Silo : A silo is a structure for storing bulk materials. l = 29 feet
Silos are used in agriculture to store grain or fermented Height of conical part,
feed known as silage. Silos are commonly used for
bulk storage of grain, coal, cement, carbon black, hco = 292 - 212 = 20 feet
Surface area of silo,
Ssilo = C.S.A of cone + C.S.A of cylinder. (i) Height of cylindrical vessel is 3.5 m and radius is
2 = 1 m.
2
= prl + 2prh cy
Volume of water collected in cylindrical vessel,
= pr (l + 2h cy)
V = 4 pr2 h cy = 4 # 22 # (1) 2 # b 7 l m3
5 5 7 2
= 22 # 21 ^29 + 2 # 40h
7
= 44 m3
= 22 # 3 # 109 5
Let h be the rainfall.
= 7194 feet2
Rain water from roof = 22 # 20 # h m3
(ii) Total Cost = 7194 # 125
Now 22 # 20 # h = 44
= 899250 Rs 5
h = 44 1 = 1 m
(iii) Storage capacity of silo is the volume of silo. 5 # 22 # 20 50
Volume, V = 1 pr2 hco + pr2 hcy = 1 # 100 = 2 cm
3 50
1
= pr2 b 3 hco + hcy l (ii) Since rainfall is 1.5 cm, volume of water collected
from roof
20
= 22 # 212 b 3 + 40 l V = 22 # 20 # h
7
= 22 # 20 # 0.015
= 22 # 212 # 140
7 3
This water is collected in cylinder. Let h1 be the
= 22 # 21 # 140
height of water in cylinder. Thus volume of water in
= 61600 feet3 cylinder is pr2 h1 which is equal to the water collected
from roof.
130. Rainfall is one of the most commonly shared
pr2 h1 = 22 # 20 # 0.015
experiences on Earth. Rainfall is also necessary,
since it provides water to plants and ultimately fills 22 (1) 2 h = 22 20 0.015
7 # # 1 # #
rivers. Because rainfall is both a needed resources
h1 = 7 # 20 # 0.015 = 2.1 m
and a threat, it is important to better understand
this natural phenomenon. The most common rainfall 131. Rain Water Harvesting : Water harvesting is the
measurement is the total rainfall depth during a given activity of direct collection of rainwater, rather than
period, expressed in millimetres (mm). For instance, allowing it to run off. The rainwater collected can
we might want to know how many millimetres of rain be stored for direct use or can be recharged into the
fell over the course of 1 h, 1 day, 1 month, or 1 year. groundwater.
The rain water from 22m # 20 m roof drains into

cylindrical vessel of diameter 2 m and height 3.5 m.
(i) If the rain water collected from the roof fills 45th of
cylindrical vessel then find the rainfall in cm.
(ii) If rainfall is the 1.5 cm find the hight of water
collected in cylindrical vessel.
Rajkumar has installed rain water harvesting system
Sol :
in his house. His has a roof with dimensions shown.
below. He knows that the average rainfall in his = 2 # 22 # 7 # 24

suburb is 77 cm per year. Rajkumar would like to 7 2
install a underground cylindrical rain water tank to = 22 # 24 = 528 m2
hold the water that runs off the roof.
132. Advertising columns are cylindrical outdoor sidewalk
structures with a characteristic style that are used
for advertising and other purposes. They are common
throughout Germany including its capital Berlin,
where the first 100 columns were installed in 1855.
Advertising columns are typically used to display
advertisements in the form of posters, traditionally
chiefly theatre, cinema, nightclub, and concert
announcements. Some are motorized and rotate very
slowly.
Can you help the Rajkumar answer the following
questions
(i) On average what volume of water will fall on the
roof each year ?
(ii) How many litres of water does the tank need to
hold?
(iii) If the tank has base diameter 7 m, how deep it
need to be?
(iv) What is the inner surface area of the tank ?
Sol :
Length of roof, l = 50 m
(i) For the rainfall calculation base area of roof will
be taken. Let w be the width of base.
Then, w = 132 - 52 = 12
2
w = 24 m
Area of base,
S = w#l
Rajesh has been given the task of designing a
= 24 # 50 = 1200 m2 advertising column for a client. It consist of a
Since rainfall is 77 cm, the volume of water collected cylindrical part surmounted by hemisphere part on
in a year, top. The base diameter of column is 7 feet and height
of cylindrical part is 11 feet.
V = 1200 # 0.77 = 924 m3
(i) Find the surface area of cylindrical part of
(ii) Volume in litre, column?
= 924 # 1000 = 924000 litre (ii) Find the total surface area of advertising column?
Tank need to hold 924000 litre. (iii) If cost of construction of column is Rs 75 per sq
(iii) Volume of tank must be 924 m3 . Let h be height feet, find the total cost of a column.
of tank. (iv) Find the volume of advertising column ?
Thus, pr 2h = 924
Sol :
7 2 h = 924
22
7 # b 2l #
Radius of both cylindrical part and hemispherical
part is same and equal to r = 72 = 3.5 feet
h = 924 # 7 # 2 # 2 = 24 m (i)Surface area of cylindrical part of column,
22 # 7 # 7
(iv) Surface area of tank, Tcy = 2prh
S = 2prh = 2 # 22 # 3.5 # 11 = 242 feet2
7
(ii) Total surface area of column (iv) Find the level of milk in cylindrical vessel ?
= SA of Cylindrical part + SA of hemisphere
= 242 + 2pr2
7 2
= 242 + 2 # 22 # b 2 l
7
= 242 + 22 # 7
2
= 242 + 11 # 7 Sol :
= 242 + 77 = 319 feet 2
(i) Radius of milk tanker R = 2 = 1 m
2
(iii) Total cost of column,
Length of milk tanker L = 4.2 m
C = 319 # 75 = 23925 Rs
Volume of milk tanker,
(iv) Volume of column,
V = pR 2 L
= Volume of cylinder+ Volume of hemisphere 2 2
= 22 # b 2 l # 4.2 = 13.2 m3
3 7
= pr2 h + 2pr
3 (ii) Supply of milk to booth I,
2
= pr2 bh + 3 r l
= 13.2 # 3 = 2.64 # 3 = 7.92 m3
5
2 # 3.5
= 22 # 3.5 # 3.5 b11 + 3 l
7 Height in 1sh vessel = 7.92 = 2 m
33 + 2 # 3.5 3.96
= 11 # 3.5 b 3 l (iii) Supply of milk to booth II,
= 11 # 3.5 # 40 = 13.2 # 2 = 2.64 # 2 = 5.28 m3
3 5
= 513.33 feet3 22
Area of base of cylindrical vessel = p (1) 2 = 7 m2
133. Amul Dairy : Over the years, Amul, one of the most Height in 2nd vessel = 5.2228 = 5.28 # 7 = 1.68 m
22
beloved brands of our country, has become the taste 7
of India, just as its tagline claims. Every Indian 134. Suppose a sugar cone is 10 centimeters deep and has
millennial has grown up listening to the jingles of its a diameter of 4 centimeters. A spherical scoop of ice
many dairy products, and the Amul girl, the brand’s cream with a diameter of 4 centimeters rests on the
mascot in the polka-dotted dress, has become a top of the cone.
nostalgia-evoking symbol. Amul has truly come a long (i) If all the ice cream melts into the cone, will the
way since its founding in 1946. cone overflow? Explain.
(ii) If the cone does not overflow, what percent of the
cone will be filled?
A milk tanker of Amul diary, cylindrical in shape

having diameter 2 m and length 4.2 m supplies milk
to the two booths in the ratio of 3 | 2 . One of the
milk booths has cuboidal vessel having base area 3.96
sq. m. and the other has a cylindrical vessel having
radius 1 m. Use p = 227 .
(i) What is the volume of milk tanker ?
(ii) Find the level of milk in cuboidal vessel ?
(iii) How much milk is supplied to cylindrical vessel ?
Sol : (i) Find the surface area of Earth using each measure.
Radius is common for both cone and spherical scoop (ii) About 75% of Earth’s surface is covered by water.
which is r = 24 = 2 cm. Find the surface area of water on Earth, using the
For the cone, height is h = 10 cm, thus mean of the two diameters.
Volume, V = 1 pr2 h (iii) If the atmosphere of Earth extends to about 100
3 miles above the surface, find the surface area of
= 1 p (2) 2 (10) = 41.9 cm3 the atmosphere surrounding Earth. Use the mean
3 of the two diameters.
For the ice cream,
(iv) Find the volume of the atmosphere surrounding
Volume, V = 4 pr3 = 4 p (2) 3 Earth using the mean of the two diameters..
3 3
= 33.5 cm3 Sol :
Since the volume of the ice cream is less than the (i) Pole to pole: T = pd2 = pd 12
volume of the cone, the cone will not overflow.
Equator: T = pd 22
Now volume of ice cream = 33.5
volume of cone 41.9 (ii) Mean diameter,
= 0.80 d = 12 (d1 + d2)
(i) Since the volume of the ice cream is less than the 75% of Earth’s surface,
volume of the cone, the cone will not overflow.
= 0.75 (pd2)
(ii) The cone will be about 80% filled.
= 0.75pd2
135. Earth, the third planet from the sun, is the fifth-largest
planet in the solar system The radius of Earth at the = 3 # 22 # 1 (d1 + d2) 2
4 7 4
equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to 33
= (d1 + d2) 2
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, 56
Maryland. However, Earth is not quite a sphere. The (iii) If the atmosphere of Earth extends to about
planet’s rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. 100 miles above the surface , the diameter of the
Earth’s polar radius is 3,950 miles (6,356 km) — a atmosphere is 200 miles longer than the mean value
difference of 13 miles (22 km). i.e 200 + 12 (d1 + d2) .
T = pd2 = p [200 + 12 (d1 + d2)] 2
= p4 (400 + d1 + d2) 2
(iv) Volume of sphere,
4 1
V = 3 pr 3 = 6 pd 3
Volume of atmosphere surrounding,
d1 + d2 3 1 d1 + d2 3
Vearth = 6 p b200 + 2 l - 6 p b 2 l
1
= 1 p [(200 + d1 + d2) 3 - (d1 + d2) 3]

48
136. Mother’s Day is a celebration honouring the mother

of the family or individual, as well as motherhood,
maternal bonds, and the influence of mothers in
society. It is celebrated on different days in many
parts of the world, most commonly in the month of
May.
India today did a survey among children for the
amount of time spend with mothers. The result of
survey is shown in figure. Suppose the bubble in the
graphic is a sphere with a radius of 21 cm.
The diameter of Earth is d1 miles from the North Pole
to the South Pole and d2 miles from opposite points
at the equator.
total area # “wish for more” percentage

= 5544 # 0.3
= 1663.2 cm2
The “wish for more” surface area is approximately
1163 mm2 .
(iv) Area of 2 dimensional circle,
A = pr2
# (21 ) = 22 # 3 # 21
2
= 22
7
= 1386 cm2
total area # “wish for less” percentage
= 1386 # 0.1
= 138.6 cm2
The area of the “wish for less” sector is approximately
138.6 mm2 .
137. Pantheon : The Pantheon is the best-preserved

(i) What is the volume of the bubble? building from ancient Rome. Its magnificent dome is
(ii) What is the volume of the portion of the bubble a lasting testimony to the genius of Roman architects
in which the kids had just the right amount of and as the building stands virtually intact it offers
time with their mother? a unique opportunity for the modern visitor to step
(ii) What is the surface area of the portion of the back 2,000 years and experience the glory that was
bubble in which the kids had wish for more Rome.
amount of time with their mother?
(iv) What is the area of the two-dimensional sector of
the circle in which the kids wish they could spend
less time with their mother?
Sol :
(i) Radius of bubble is 21 cm, thus volume.
V = 4 pr3
3
= 4 p (213) = 4 # 22 # (213)
3 3 7
= 4 # 22 # 21 # 21
= 38808 cm3
The volume is 38808 cm2.
(ii) total volume # “just right” percentage
= 38808 # 0.6
= 23284.8 cm2
The “just right” volume is approximately 23284.8 cm3
.
(iii) Surface area, T = 4pr2
= 4p (212)
= 4 # 227 (21) 2
The Pantheon in Rome is able to contain a perfect
= 4 # 22 # 3 # 21 sphere. The building is a cylinder 42 meter diameter
= 5544 cm2 with a hemispherical domed roof. The total height
is 42 meter. Find the volume of the interior of the 3

= 4 p b 18 l
Pantheon. 3 2
Sol : = 4 # p # 9 # 9 # 9 = 972p mm3
3
Radius of cylindrical part and hemispherical part is
Since box can hold 3888p cm3 or 3888000p mm2 , ball
2 = 21 meter. Since total height of Pantheon is 42
42
bearing in box
metre, height of cylinder is 21 meter.
Volume = volume of cylinder + volume of hemisphere = 3888000p
972p
= 4000 ball bearing
V = pr2 h + 1 b 4 pr3 l
2 3 (ii) Mass of box
2 3
= p (21 ) (21) + # p (21 )
2
3 = 4000 # 4
3
= p (21 ) (1 + ) 2
3 = 16000 gm = 16 kg
3
= p (21 ) # 5
3 (iii) Maximum number of box loaded in truck,
= 22 # (213) # 5 = 12000 = 750 box
7 3 16
= 22 # 21 # 21 # 5
139. In a toys manufacturing company, wooden parts are
= 48510 m3
assembled and painted to prepare a toy. For the wood
The volume is approximately 48510 m3. processing activity center, the wood is taken out of
storage to be sawed, after which it undergoes rough
138. DK Jain runs a company that makes ball bearings. polishing, then is cut, drilled and has holes punched
The bearings are shipped in boxes that are then in it. It is then fine polished using sandpaper. For
loaded onto trucks. Each bearing has a diameter of the retail packaging and delivery activity center, the
18 mm. polished wood sub-parts are assembled together, then
(i) Each box can hold 3888p cm3 of ball bearings. decorated using paint.
How many ball bearings can a box hold?
(ii) Each ball bearing has a mass of 4 gm. Determine
the mass of each box.
(iii) The maximum mass a truck can carry is 11000 kg.
What is the maximum number of boxes that can
be loaded into a truck?
One specific toy is in the shape of a cone mounted on

a cylinder. The total height of the toy is 110 mm and
the height of its conical part is 77 mm. The diameters
of the base of the conical part is 72 mm and that of
the cylindrical part is 40 mm.
(i) If its cylindrical part is to be painted red, what is
the surface area need to be painted ?
(ii) If its conical part is to be painted blue, what is
Sol : the surface area need to be painted ?
(i) Volume of a ball bearing (iii) How much of the wood have been used in making
V = 4 pr 3 the toy ?
3
(iv) If the cost of painting the toy is 2 paise for
8p mm2 , then what is the cost of painting of a Hence cost of a toy of 46464p mm3 ,
box of 100 toys?
= 3 # 46464p = 4356 paise
32p
(v) If the toy manufacturer company charge 3 paise
Cost of box of 100 toys,
for 32p mm3 of wood, what is the price of a box
of 100 toys? = 4356 # 100 = 435600 paise
Sol : = 4356 Rs
(i) Radius of cylindrical part, rcy = 40
= 20 mm
2 140. Underground water tank is popular in India. It
Height of cylindrical part, is usually used for large water tank storage and
can be built cheaply using cement-like materials.
hcy = 110 - 77 = 33 mm
Underground water tanks are typically chosen by
C.S.A. of cylinder = 2prcy hcy + pr cy2 people who want to save space. The water in the
= prcy (2hcy + rcy) underground tank is not affected by extreme weather
conditions. The underground tanks maintain cool
= 20p (2 # 33 + 20) temperatures in both winter and summer. Electric
= 1720p mm2 pump is used to move water from the underground
(ii) Radius of conical part is 72
= 36 . tank to overhead tank.
2
C.S.A. of conical part,

prco lco + pr co2 - pr cy2 = prco h co2 + r co2 + p (r co2 - r cy2 )
= p [rco h co2 + r co2 + (r co2 - r cy2 )]
= p [36 772 + 362 + (362 - 202)]
= p [36 # 85 + (362 - 202)]
= p (3060 + 1296 - 400)
= 3956p mm2
(iii) Volume of toy = Volume of cone
+ Volume of cylinder Ramesh has build recently his house and installed a
underground tank and overhead tank. Dimensions of
= 1 pr co2 hco + pr cy2 hcy tanks are as follows :
3
1 Underground Tank : Base 2 m # 2 m and Height 1.1 m.
= p b 3 # 36 # 36 # 77 + 20 # 20 # 33 l
Overhead tank : Radius 50 cm and Height 175 cm
= 48p ]9 # 77 + 5 # 5 # 11g (i) What is the capacity of the underground tank ?
3
= 46464p mm (ii) What is the ratio of the capacity of the
(iv) Surface area = S.A. of cone underground tank to the capacity of the overhead
tank?
+ S.A. of cylinder
(iii) If curved part of overhead tank need to be painted
= 3956p + 1720p = 5676 mm2 to save it from corrosion, how much area need to
Cost of painting is 2 paise for 8p mm2 , thus cost of be painted?
painting of 1 mm2 is 82r paise. (iv) If water is filled in the overhead tank at the rate
Hence cost of painting of a toy of 3956p mm2 , of 11 litre per minute, the tank will be completely
= 2 # 5676p = 1419 paise filled in how much time?
8p
(v) If the amount of water in the underground tank,
Cost of painting of 100 toys,
at an instant, is 2400 litres, find then the water
= 1419 # 100 = 141900 paise level in the underground tank at that instant.
= 1419 Rs Sol :
(v) Cost of toy is 3 paise for 32p mm of wood, thus 3
(i) Volume of underground tank,
cost of wood of 1 mm 3 is 323r paise. lbh = 2 # 2 # 1.1 = 4.4 m 3
Since 1 m 3 is equal to 1000 litres, Earth is excavated to make a railway tunnel. The
4.4 m 3 = 4.4 # 1000 = 4400 litres tunnel is a cylinder of radius 7 m and length 450 m.
A level surface is laid inside the tunnel to carry the
(ii) Radius of overhead is 50 cm i.e. 12 meter and
railway lines. Figure given below shows the circular
height is 175 cm i.e 1.75 = 74 metre.
cross - section of the tunnel. The level surface is
Thus volume of overhead tank, represented by AB , the centre of the circle is O and
22 1 1 7 11 +AOB = 90c. The space below AB is filled with
pr2 hcy = 7 # 2 # 2 # 4 = 8 m 3
rubble (debris from the demolition buildings).
Capacity of sump = 411.4 = 3.2
= lbh
Capacity of Overhead tank pr2 hcy 8
(iii) C.S.A. of cylindrical tank

2prhcy = 2 # 22 # 1 # 7 = 5.5 m2
7 2 4
11
(iv) Volume of water in cylindrical tank is 8 m 3 .
11 3 11
8 m = 8 # 1000 litres
Thus time taken to fill tank,
= 11 # 1000 # 1 = 125 minutes
8 11
(v) Volume of water in underground tank (i) How much volume of earth is removed to make
3 the tunnel ?
= 2400 litres = 2.4 m
(ii) If the cost of excavation of 1 cubic meter is Rs
Then, V = lbh1
250, what is the total cost of excavation?
2 # 2 # h1 = 2.4 (iii) A coating is to be done on the surface of inner
h1 = 2.4 = 0.6 m = 60 cm curved part of tunnel. What is the area of tunnel
2#2 to be being coated ?
141. Atal Tunnel : Atal Tunnel (also known as Rohtang (iv) Costing of coating is Rs 30 per m2 . What is the
Tunnel) is a highway tunnel built under the Rohtang total cost of coating ?
Pass in the eastern Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas (v) How much volume of debris is required to fill the
on the Leh-Manali Highway in Himachal Pradesh. At ground surface of tunnel ?
a length of 9.02 km, it is the longest tunnel above
Sol :
10,000 feet (3,048 m) in the world and is named after
former Prime Minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. (i) Cross-section area of tunnel to be excavated = pr2
The tunnel reduces the travel time and overall Volume of earth to be removed,
distance between Manali and Keylong on the way to pr2 l = 22 # 7 # 7 # 450
Leh. Moreover, the tunnel bypasses most of the sites 7
that were prone to road blockades, avalanches, and = 69300 m3
traffic snarls. (ii) Total cost of excavation
= 69300 # 250 = ` 1732500
(iii) The geometry of cross-section is shown below.
Triangle OAB is isosceles triangle having right angle cooked, the mixture is rolled into a sphere. After the
at O . biscuit is cooked, the biscuit becomes a cylinder of
Length of curved part of cross-section, radius 3 cm and height 0.7 cm. The increase in volume
2pr ^360c - 90ch is due to air being trapped in the biscuit. Biscuits are
= packed in a cylindrical card box of height 14 cm. The
360c
arrangement of biscuits is shown below.
2 # 22 # 7 ^360c - 90ch
= 7
360c
= # # 270c = 33 m
2 22
360c
Total curved surface area of tunnel
= Length of curved part of cross-section
# Length of tunnel
= 33 # 450 = 14850 m2
(iv) Cost of coating on curved part,
(i) What is the volume of the biscuits after it is
= 14850 # 30 cooked ?
= ` 445500 (ii) What is the volume of air trapped, while cooking
(v) Cross-section area of debris part of tunnel the biscuit ?
= Area of OACB - Area of TOAB (iii) How many biscuits will be there in a box
2 2 ?
= pr - r
4 2 (iv) How much space is vacant in box after
22
#7#7 7#7 biscuits are packed ?
= 7 -
4 2 (v) If weight of 7 biscuits is 50 grams, what will be
= # - # = 4 # 7 = 14 m2
11 7 7 7 the weight of box of biscuits?
2 2 2
Sol :
Volume of debris required
(i) Volume of the biscuit,
= 14 # 500 = 7000 m 3
= pr2 h = 22 # 32 # 0.7 = 19.8 cu cm
7
142. A bakery is an establishment that produces and sells
(ii) Volume of air trap
flour-based food baked in an oven such as bread,
cookies, cakes, pastries, and pies. Some retail bakeries = Volume of biscuit - Volume of sphere
are also categorized as cafés, serving coffee and tea to = 19.8 - 18 = 1.8 cu cm
customers who wish to consume the baked goods on
(iii) In a layer, 7 biscuits are arranged whose height
the premises.
is 0.7 cm .
Thus total layer in box,
= 14 = 20 layer
0.7
Total biscuits in box = 20 # 7 = 140 biscuits
(iv) From figure it is clear that radius of box is 3 times
of biscuit radius i.e. 3 # 3 = 9 .
Volume of box = pR2 H
= 22 # 9 # 9 # 14
7
= 22 # 9 # 9 # 2
= 3564 cm3
Tania runs a bakery shop and her bakery is very
Volume of biscuits = pr2 h # 140
famous for tasty biscuits. The amount of mixture
required to make one biscuit is 18 cu cm. Before it is = 19.8 # 140 = 2772 cm3
Vacant volume = 3564 - 2772 = 792 cm3 (ii) What is the area of metal sheet used to make this
(v) Weight of 7 biscuits = 50 grams conical tank ? Assume that tank is covered from
top.
Weight of 140 biscuits = 50 # 140
7 (iii) What is the ratio of volume of cylindrical part to
= 1000 grams = 1 kg the volume of conical part?
(iv) The cost of metal sheet is Rs 2000 per square
143. Conical Tank : The advantages of cone bottom tanks
meter and fabrication cost is 1000 per square
are found in nearly every industry, especially where
meter. What is the total cost of tank ?
getting every last drop from the tank is important.
This type of tank has excellent geometry for draining, (v) A oil is to be filled in the tank. The density of oil
especially with high solids content slurries as these is 1050 kg per cubic meter. What is the weight of
cone tanks provide a better full-drain solution. The oil filled in tank ?
conical tank eliminates many of the problems that Sol :
flat base tanks have as the base of the tank is sloped
(i) Length of cylindrical part is three times of radius
towards the centre giving the greatest possible full-
of conical part and height of conical part is equal to
drain system in vertical tank design.
its radius.
If we assume r be the common radius of cylindrical
part and conical part, height of conical part will be r
and length of cylindrical part will be 3r .
Volume of conical tank = Volume of cylindrical part
+ Volume of conical part
= pr2 l + 1 pr2 h
3
= pr2 $ 3r + 1 pr2 $ r
3
= 3pr3 + pr3 = 10 pr3
1
3 3
= 10 p (3) 3 = 90 p m3
3
(ii) Surface area of tank,
= SA of top + CSA of cylinder + CSA of cone
Rajesh has been given the task of designing a conical = pr2 + 2prl + pr h2 + r2
bottom tank for his client. Height of conical part is
= pr2 + 2pr $ 3r + pr r2 + r2
equal to its radius. Length of cylindrical part is the 3
times of its radius. Tank is closed from top. The cross = pr2 + 6pr2 + 2 pr2
section of conical tank is given below. = (1 + 6 + 2 ) pr2
= (7 + 2 ) p (3) 2
= 9 (7 + 2 ) p m2
(iii)Volume of cylindrical part,
= pr2 l = pr2 $ 3r = 3pr3
Volume of conical part,
= 1 pr2 h = 1 pr2 r = 1 pr3
3 3 3
Ratio of volume of cylindrical part to conical part
3
= 31 pr 3 = 9
3 pr
(i) If radius of cylindrical part is taken as 3 meter, (iv)Surface area of sheet used = 9 (7 + 2 ) p m2
what is the volume of above conical tank ? Total cost = Cost of sheet + Fabrication cost
= 2000 + 1000 (iii) Which of the following is correct expression for

= 3000 per sq. meter the volume of boiler?
Total cost of tank = 9 (7 + 2 ) p # 3000 (iv) What is the ratio of volume to the surface area?
= 27000 (7 + 2)p (v) If r = 3 m , what is the volume of boiler?
(v) Volume of tank i.e. volume of oil = 90 p m3 Sol :

Density of oil = 1050 kg per cubic meter (i) Radius of cylindrical part is equal to the radius of
hemispherical part and length of cylindrical part is
Weight of oil = 90p # 1050 three times of radius.
= 90 # 22 # 1050 Surface area of cylindrical part of boiler = 2prl
7
Since l = 3r , 2prl = 2pr # 3r = 6pr2
= 90 # 22 # 150
(ii) Total surface area of boiler
= 297000 kg = 297 Tonne = SA of cylindrical part + SA of two hemisphere
2
144. Boiler : The boiler is essentially a closed vessel inside = 6pr2 + 2 b 4pr l
which water is stored. Fuel is burnt in a furnace and 2
hot gasses are produced. These hot gasses come in = 6pr2 + 4pr2 = 10pr2
contact with water vessel where the heat of these hot (iii) Volume of boiler,
gases transfer to the water and consequently steam is
produced in the boiler. Then this steam is piped to = Volume of cylinder+ Volume of two hemisphere
the turbine of thermal power plant.
= pr2 l + 2 b 2p # r3 l
3
= pr2 $ 3r + 4p # r3
3
4
= b 3 + 3 l pr3 = 13 pr3
3
13
pr3
(iv) Ratio of volume to the surface = 3
= 13 r
10pr2 30
(v) At r = 3 m volume of boiler,
= 13 pr3 = 13 # p # 33
3 3
= 13 # p # 9 = 117p m 3
145. Kumbh Mela is a major pilgrimage and festival in

Hinduism. It is celebrated in a cycle of approximately
12 years at four river-bank pilgrimage sites: the
Rajesh has been given the task of designing a boiler for Prayagraj (Ganges-Yamuna Sarasvati rivers
NTPC. Boiler consist of a cylindrical part in middle confluence), Haridwar (Ganges), Nashik (Godavari),
and two hemispherical part at its both end. The cross and Ujjain (Shipra).
section of boiler is given below. Length of cylindrical
part is the 3 times of radius of hemispherical part.
(i) Which of the following is correct expression for

the surface area of cylindrical part of boiler?
(ii) Which of the following is correct expression for
the total surface area of boiler?
The festival is marked by a ritual dip in the waters. (i) Common radius of conical and cylindrical part is
The seekers believe that bathing in these rivers is a 2 = 21 m. Height of conical part is equal to its radius
42
means to prayascitta for past mistakes, and that it 21 m.

cleanses them of their sins. Surface area of conical part of tent
prl = pr h2 + r2
= 22 # 21 # ]21g2 + ]20g2
7
= 22 # 3 # 29
= 1914 sq. meter
Thus, 1914 sq. meter of blue PVC coated fabric is
Government of UP is planing to procure tent for the
required.
pilgrims during Kumbh Mela. The specification of
tent is given below. (ii) Surface area of cylindrical part of tent,
(1) Lower cylindrical part must have a white colored = 2prh
thick fabric whose cost is ` 60 per square meter. = 2 # 22 # 21 # 5
(2) Top conical part must have PVC coated blue 7
fabric whose cost is ` 70 per square meter. = 660 sq. meter
(iii) Total cost is sum of material cost and construction
cost of both type of fabric.
Total cost = White fabric cost + Blue fabric cost
= ^60 + 15h # 1914 + ^70 + 15h # 660
= 75 # 1914 + 85 # 660
= 75 (1914 + 17 # 44)
= `199650
(iv) Total floor area of tent,
pr2 = 22 # 21 # 21
7
The front view of tent is given below with dimension. = 22 # 3 # 21
= 1386 sq. meter
Pilgrims in a tent = 1386 = 231 pilgrims

6
(v) Total requirement of tent
= 50000 = 216.45
231
Thus, 217 tent are required.
***********
(i) How much blue PVC coated fabric is required?
(ii) How much white fabric is required ?
(iii) If labour charge for the construction of tent is `
15 per sq. meter what is the total cost of tent ?
(iv) If space requirement of a pilgrims is 6 sq. meter,
how many pilgrims can be accommodate in a
tent?
(v) If total 50000 pilgrims are expected to visit fair,
how many tents are required ?
Sol :
Chap 14 Statistics Page 479
CHAPTER 14
Statistics
ONE MARK QUESTIONS 3. The median and mode respectively of a frequency

distribution are 26 and 29, find its mean.
1. Find the class-marks of the classes 10-25 and 35-66.
We have Mo = 3Md - 2M
29 = 3 # 26 - 2M
Class mark of 10 - 25 , = 10 + 25 2M = 78 - 29 = 49
2
= 35 = 17.5 M = 49 = 24.5
2 2
and class mark of 35 - 55 , = 35 + 55 = 90 = 45 In a frequency distribution, the mid value of
2 2 4.
a class is 10 and the width of the class is 6.
PRACTICE What is the lower limit of the class?
 Find the class marks of the classes 15-35 and 45-
60.
Let x be the upper limit and y be the lower limit.
Ans : 20 and 52.5 Since the mid value of the class is 10.
x+y
Hence, = 10
2
 Find the class marks of the classes 20-50 and 35-
x + y = 20 ...(1)
60.
[Board 2020 OD Standard] Since width of the class is 6,
Ans : 35 and 47.5 x-y = 6 ...(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get y = 7
Hence, lower limit of the class is 7.
2. If the mean of the first n natural number is 15, then
find n . 5. For finding the popular size of readymade garments,
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] which central tendency is used?
Given : 1, 2, 3, 4, ... to n terms.
The sum of first n natural numbers
For finding the popular size of ready made
n (n + 1) garments, mode is the best measure of central
Sn =
2 tendency.
n (n + 1)
Mean, M =
2#n 6. If the difference of mode and median of a data is 24,
n (n + 1) then what is the difference of median and mean?
15 =
2#n
15 = n + 1
2 We have, Mo - Md = 24
n + 1 = 30 & n = 29 We know Mo = 3Md - 2M
Now Mo - Md = 2Md - 2M
Page 480 Statistics Chap 14
24 = 2 (Md - M) Mean = Sum of all the observations

Total no. of observation
Md - M = 12
9 = x + x + 3 + x + 5 + x + 7 + x + 10
5
7. Consider the following frequency distribution of the
heights of 60 students of a class 9 = 5x + 25
5
Height 150- 155- 160- 165- 170- 175- x =4
(in cm) 155 160 165 170 175 180 So, mean of last three observation,
Number 15 13 10 8 9 5 = x + 5 + x + 7 + x + 10 = 5x + 22
of 3 3
students 3x + 22 = 3 # 4 + 22
3 3
What is the upper limit of the median class in the
= 12 + 22 = 34 = 11 1
given data? 3 3 3
PRACTICE
We prepare the following cumulative table
 If the mean of the numbers 27 + x , 31 + x, 89 + x
Height x (in cm) Number of cf 107 + x, 156 + x is 82, then what is the mean of
Students (f) 130 + x, 126 + x, 68 + x, 50 + x, and 1 + x ?
[Board 2010]
150-155 15 15
Ans : 75
155-160 13 28
160-165 10 38
165-170 08 46 10. A set of numbers consists of three 4’s, five
5’s, six 6’s, eight 8’s and seven 10’s. What
170-175 09 55 is the mode of this set of numbers?
175-180 08 63
N = 63 Mode of the data is 8 as it is repeated maximum
number of times.
We have, N = 63 ; N = 63 = 31.5
2 2
The cumulative frequency just greater than 11. What is abscissa of the point of intersection of the
N
2 is 38 and the corresponding class is 160-
‘‘Less than type’’ and of the ‘‘More than type’’
165. Thus upper limit is 165. cumulative frequency curve of a grouped data ?
Sol :
8. The median of a set of 9 distinct observations is 20.5. If
The abscissa of the point of intersection of the
each of the largest 4 observation of the set is increased
‘‘Less than type’’ and ‘‘More than type’’ cumulative
by 2, then what is the median of the new set?
frequency curve of a grouped data is median.
12. The mean weight of 9 students is 25 kg. If one more
Since, n =9 student is joined in the group the mean is unaltered,
th then find the weight of the 10th student.
then, median term = b 9 + 1 l = 5 th item.
2
Now, last four observations are increased by
2, but median is 5th observation, which is remaining The sum of the weights of the 9 students
unchanged. Hence there will be no change in median. = 25 # 9 = 225. If one more student is joined
in the group, then total number of students is
9. If the mean of the observation x, x + 3, x + 5, x + 7 10 and mean is 25.
and x + 10 is 9, the find the mean of the last three Hence, the sum of the weights of the 10th
observation students = 25 # 10 = 250 .
Hence, the weight of the 10th student is 250 - 225
= 25 kg .
However we can answer this question without any
calculation. If mean is not altered on adding more Median = b n + 1 l observation

th
data, then added data must be of mean value. 2

= b 7 + 1 l observation
th
13. The mean and median of the data a , b and c are 50 2

and 35 respectively, where a < b < c . If c - a = 55 , = 4 th observation = 2x
then find the value of (b - a). 5
Median = 2 x =4
5
Since, a , b and c and are in ascending order, therefore x = 4 # 5 = 10
2
median is b i.e b = 35 .
Mean a + b + c = 50 16. If the coordinates of the point of intersection
3 of less than ogive and more than ogive is
a + b + c = 150 (13.5, 20), then find the value of median.
a + c = 150 - 35 = 115 ...(1) Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012]
Also, it is given that c - a = 55 ...(2) The abscissa of point of intersection gives the median
Subtracting equation (2) and (1), we get of the data. So, median is 13.5.
a = 30 17. Find the mode of the following grouped frequency
Hence, b - a = 35 - 30 = 5 distribution.
14. If the mean of the squares of first n natural numbers Class Frequency
is 105, then find the first n natural numbers. 3-6 2
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2011] 6-9 5

n (n + 1) (2n + 1) 9-12 10
Sum of square, Sx2 =
6 12-15 23
Mean of squares of first n natural numbers,
15-18 21
Mean Sx2 = (n + 1) (2n + 1)
n 6 18-21 12
(n + 1) (2n + 1) 21-24 03
105 =
6
2n2 + 3n + 1 = 630 Sol :
We observe that the class 12-15 has maximum
2n2 + 3n - 629 = 0
frequency 23. Therefore, this is the modal class.
2n2 + 37n - 34n - 629 = 0
We have, l = 12 , h = 3 , f1 = 23 , f0 = 10 and f2 = 21
n (2n + 37) - 17 (2n + 37) = 0
f1 - f0
Mo = l + h
(2n + 37) (n - 17) = 0 & n = 17 2f1 - f0 - f2 #
Since, n is odd, therefore median is = b 17 + 1 l = 9 th
th
2 = 12 + 23 - 10 # 3
46 - 10 - 21
observation.
13
= 12 + # 3
15. Observations of some data are x5 , x , x3 , 23x , x4 , 25x and 15
4 where x > 0. If the median of the data is 4, then
3x
= 12 + 13 = 14.6
what is the value of x ? 5
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2013] 18. What is abscissa of the point of intersection of the
Given observations are 5 , x , 3 , 3 , x4 , 25x and 34x
x x 2x ‘‘Less than type’’ and of the ‘‘More than type’’
where x > 0. On arranging the above observations in cumulative frequency curve of a grouped data ?
ascending order, we get Sol :
x , x , x , 2x , 2x , 3x , x The abscissa of the point of intersection of
5 4 3 5 3 4 the ‘‘Less than type’’ and ‘‘More than type’’
Here, total number of observations are 7, which is cumulative frequency curve of a grouped data
odd. is median.
19. If median is 137 and mean is 137.05, then what is the and x is the mean, then find / (f i xi - x ).
value of mode ?
/ (f i xi - x ) = / f i xi - / x = / f i xi - nx
Mo = 3Md - 2M
= / f i xi - / f i xi = 0 cx =
/ f i xi m
= 3 (137) - 2 (137.05) n
= 411 - 274.10 = 136.90
22. Which central tendency is obtained by the abscissa of
PRACTICE point of intersection of less than type and more than
 Median of a data is 52.5 and its mean is 54, use type ogives ?
empirical relationship between three measure of Sol :
central tendency to find its mode.
Median.
[Board Term-1 2012]
Ans : 49.5 23. What is the model class for the following
distribution?
20. The following data gives the distribution of total Marks Number of Marks Number of
household expenditure (in <) of manual workers in a Students students
city. Below 10 3 Below 40 57
Below 20 12 Below 50 75
Expenditure (in <) Frequency
Below 30 28 Below 60 80
1000-1500 24
1500-2000 40 Sol :
2000-2500 33 Let us first construct the following frequency
distribution table.
2500-3000 28
3000-3500 30 Marks Number of Students
3500-4000 22 0-10 3
4000-4500 16 10-20 9
4500-5000 07 20-30 16
30-40 29
Then, find the average expenditure which is done by
the maximum number of manual workers. 40-50 18
50-60 5
We observe that the class 1500-2000 has maximum Since, the maximum frequency is 29 and the class
frequency 40. Therefore, this is the modal class. corresponding to this frequency is 30-40. So, the
We have l = 1500 , h = 500 , f1 = 40 , f0 = 24 and modal class is 30-40.
f2 = 23
f1 - f0 24. For the following distribution find the sum of
Mo = l + h
2f1 - f0 - f2 # lower limits of the median class and modal
class.
= 1500 + 40 - 24 # 500
80 - 24 - 33
Class 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25
= 1500 + 16 # 500
23 Frequency 10 15 12 20 9
= 1847.26
21. If xi ’s are the mid-points of the class intervals of Here,
grouped data, f i ’s are the corresponding frequencies
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency
0-5 10 10 10-20 12 - 3 = 9
5-10 15 25 20-30 27 - 12 = 15
10-15 12 37 30-40 57 - 27 = 30
15-20 20 57 40-50 75 - 57 = 18
20-25 9 66 50-60 80 - 75 = 5
Now, N2 = 332 = 33 , which lies in the interval 10-15. Class 30-40 has the maximum frequency 30, therefore
Therefore, lower limit of the median class is 10. this is model class.
The highest frequency is 20, which lies in
27. Consider the data:
the interval 15-20. Therefore, lower limit
of modal class is 15. Hence, required sum is Class 65- 85- 105- 125- 145- 165- 185-
10 + 15 = 25 . 85 105 125 145 165 185 205
25. Consider the following frequency distribution Frequency 4 5 13 20 14 7 4
What is the difference of the upper limit of the median

Class 0-5 6-11 12-17 18-23 24-29
class and the lower limit of the modal class?
Frequency 13 10 15 8 11
What is the upper limit of the median class ?
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency
65-85 4 7
Given, classes are not continuous, so we make
continuous by subtracting 0.5 from lower 85-105 5 9
limit and adding 0.5 to upper limit of each 105-125 13 22
class.
125-145 20 42
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency 145-165 14 56
- 0.5 -5.5 13 13 165-185 7 63
5.5-11.5 10 23 185-205 4 67
11.5-17.5 15 38 Here, N2 = 672 = 33.5 , which lies in the interval
17.5-23.5 8 46 125 - 145 . Hence, upper limit of median class is 145.
23.5-29.5 11 57 Here, we see that the highest frequency is 20
which lies in 125-145. Hence, the lower limit
Here, N2 = 572 = 28.5 , which lies in the interval of modal class is 125.
11.5 - 17.5 . Hence, the upper limit is 17.5.
Required difference
26. For the following distribution what is the modal class: = Upper limit of median class
- Lower limit of modal class
Marks Number of students
= 145 - 125 = 20
Below 10 3
28. The times, in seconds, taken by 150 athletes to run a
Below 20 12
110 m hurdle race are tabulated below
Below 30 27
Class Frequency
Below 40 57
13.8-14 2
Below 50 75
14-14.2 4
Below 60 80
14.2-14.4 5
Sol : 14.4-14.6 71
Marks Number of students 14.6-14.8 48
0-10 3-0 = 3 14.8-15 20
What is the number of athletes who completed the We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
race in less than 14.6 second? find median class.
Sol : Cost of living index Number of weeks f c.f.
The number of athletes who completed the
1400-1500 8 8
race in less than 14.6 second,
= 2 + 4 + 5 + 71 = 82 1550-1700 15 23
1700-1850 21 44
29. In the following distribution what is the frequency of
1850-2000 8 52
the class 30-40?
We have N = 52 ; N = 26
Marks obtained Number of students 2
More than or equal to 0 63 Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is
44 and the corresponding class is 1700-1850.
More than or equal to 10 58
Thus median class is 1700-1850.
32. In the following frequency distribution, find the
median class.
Height 104- 145- 150- 155- 160- 165-
(in cm) 145 150 155 160 165 170
Sol : Frequency 5 15 25 30 15 10
Marks obtained Number of students Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2015]
0-10 (63 - 58) = 5 We prepare following cumulative frequency table to

find median class.
10-20 (58 - 55) = 3
20-30 (55 - 51) = 4 Height Frequency c.f.
30-40 (51 - 48) = 3 140-145 5 5
40-50 (48 - 42) = 6 145-150 15 20
50-60 42 = 42 150-155 25 45
Hence, frequency in the class interval 30-40 is 3. 155-160 30 75

160-165 15 90
30. If the median of a series exceeds the mean by 3, find
by what number the mode exceeds its mean? 165-170 10 100

N = 100
We have Md = M + 3
We have N = 100 ; N = 50
2
Now Mo = 3Md - 2M
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2
= 3 (M + 3) - 2M is 75 and the corresponding class is 155-160.
= 3M + 9 - 2M = M + 9 Thus median class is 155-160.
Hence mode exceeds mean by 9.
33. Find median of the data, using an empirical relation
when it is given that Mode = 12.4 and Mean = 10.5 .
31. From the following frequency distribution, find the
median class : Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
Mode, Mo = 12.4
Cost of living index 1400- 1550- 1700- 1850-
1500 1700 1850 2000 Mean, M = 10.5
Number of weeks 8 15 21 8 Median, Md = 1 M + 2 Mo
3 3
Sol :
= ^12.4h + 2 ^10.5h = 12.4 + 21
1
[Board Term-1 2015]
3 3 3 3
= 12.4 + 21 = 33.4 = 11.13 TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

3 3
34. Consider the following distribution :
37. Find the mean the following distribution :
Marks 0 or 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 or
Obtained more more more more more more Class 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11 11-13
Number 63 58 55 51 48 42 Frequency 5 10 10 7 8
of
students
Class Frequency Mid-Value fi xi
(i) Calculate the frequency of the class 30 - 40.
(fi ) (xi)
(ii) Calculate the class mark of the class 10 - 25.
3-5 5 4 20
5-7 10 6 60
Class Interval c.f. f 7-9 10 8 80
0-10 63 5 9-11 7 10 70
10-20 58 3 11-13 8 12 96
20-30 55 4 / fi = 40 / fi xi = 326
30-40 51 3 / fi xi
Mean M = = 326 = 8.15
40-50 48 6 / fi 40
50-60 42 42 38. Find the mode of the following data :
(i) Frequency of the class 30 - 40 is 3. Class : 0- 20- 40- 60- 80- 100- 120-
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Frequency 6 8 10 12 6 5 3
(ii) Class mark of the class : 10 - 25 = 10 + 25
2
= 35 = 17.5
2 Class 60-80 has the maximum frequency 12, therefore
35. Find the mean of the data using an empirical formula this is model class.
when it is given that mode is 50.5 and median in 45.5. Hence, l = 60 , f1 = 12 , f0 = 6 , f2 = 6 and h = 20
Sol : f1 - f0
Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h
[Board Term-1 2015]
Mode,
1 0 2
Mode, M = 50.5
= 60 + 12 - 10 20
Median, Md = 45.5 2 # 12 - 10 - 6 #
Now 3Md = Mo + 2M = 60 + 2 # 20
24 - 16
3 # 45.5 = 50.5 + 2M
= 60 + 40
M = 136.5 - 50.5 = 43
8
Mean,
2
= 60 + 5 = 65
Hence mean is 43.
39. The mode of the following frequency distribution is
36. Find the mean of first odd multiples of 5. 36. Find the missing frequency f .
Class 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
The first five odd multiples of 5, according to 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
the problem are : 5, 15, 25, 35, 45
Frequency 8 10 f 16 12 6 7
Mean = 5 + 15 + 25 + 35 + 45 Sol :
5 [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Mode is 36 which lies in class 30-40, therefore this is

= 125 = 25
5 model class.
Here, f0 = f , f2 = 16 , f2 = 12 , l = 30 and h = 10 Class Frequency c.f. xi Ui = x - a fi ui

h
f1 - f0 Interval (fi)
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h
1 0 2
10-25 2 2 17.5 -3 -6
16 - f
36 = 30 + 10 25-40 3 5 32.5 -2 -6
2 # 16 - f - 12 #
16 - f 40-55 7 12 47.5 -1 -7
6 = 10
20 - f # 55-70 6 18 62.50= 0 0
120 - 6f = 160 - 10f a
4f = 40 & f = 10 70-85 6 24 77.5 1 6
85-100 6 30 92.5 2 12
40. Find the median for the given frequency distribution :
/ fi = 30 / fi ui = - 1
Class 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70-
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Mean, x = a+
/ fi ui h
/ fi #
Frequency 2 3 8 6 6 3 2
= 62.5 + - 1 # 15
30
= 62.5 - 1 = 62.5 - 0.5 = 62
Class Frequency c.f. 2
40-45 2 2 42. Find the mean of the following data :
45-50 3 5 Class 0- 20- 40- 60- 80- 100-

50-55 8 13 20 40 60 80 100 120
55-60 6 19 Frequency 20 35 52 44 38 31
60-65 6 25 Sol : [Board 2019 Comp]
65-70 3 28 Let a = 70 be assumed mean.

70-75 2 30 C.I. Frequency f xi fi ui
ui = xi - a
h
N = 30
0-20 20 10 -3 - 60
We have N = 30 ; N
2 = 15
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 19 and 20-40 35 30 -2 - 70
the corresponding class is 55-60. Thus median class 40-60 52 50 -1 - 52
is 55-60. 60-80 44 70 0 0
Now l = 55 , f = 6 , F = 13 , h = 5
80-100 38 90 1 38
N
-F
Md = l + e
f o#
Median, 2
h 100-120 31 110 2 62
/ fi = 220 / fi ui = - 82
= 55 + b 15 - 13 l # 5
6 / fi ui h
Mean, x = a+
= 55 + 5 = 55 + 1.67
/ fi #
3 (- 82)
= 70 + 20
= 56.67 220 #
= 70 - 82 = 70 - 7.45 = 62.55
41. Find the mean of the following distribution : 11
Class 10- 25- 40- 55- 70- 85- 43. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution.
25 40 55 70 85 100
Class 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
Frequency 2 3 7 6 6 6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Frequency 8 10 10 16 12 6 7
Let a = 62.5 be assumed mean. Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
Class 30-40 has the maximum frequency 16, therefore 46. The mean and median of 100 observation are 50 and
this is model class. 52 respectively. The value of the largest observation
We have l = 30, f0 = 10, f1 = 16, f2 = 12, h = 10 is 100. It was later found that it is 110. Find the true
f1 - f0 mean and median.
1 0 2 Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
= 30 + c 16 - 10 m 10 / fx
2 # 16 - 10 - 12 # Mean, M =
/f
= 30 + e 6 o 10 / fx
32 - 22 # 50 =
100
= 30 + c 6 m # 10
10 / fx = 5000
= 30 + 6 = 36
Correct, / fx' = 5000 - 100 + 110
44. The data regarding marks obtained by 48 students = 5010
of a class in a class test is given below. Calculate the
modal marks of students. Correct Mean = 5010 = 50.1
100
Median will remain same i.e median is 52.
Marks 0-5 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45-
obtained 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
47. Find the arithmetic mean of the following frequency
Number of 1 0 2 0 0 10 25 7 2 1
students
distribution :
xi 3 4 5 7 10
Class 30-35 has the maximum frequency 25, therefore fi 3 4 8 5 10

this is model class.
Now l = 30 , f1 = 25 f0 = 10 , f2 = 7 , h = 5
We prepare the following table to fine mean.
f -f
Mode Mo = l + c 1 0 m # h
2f1 - f0 - f2 xi fi fi xi
25 - 10 3 3 9
= 30 + 5
50 - 10 - 7 #
4 4 16
= 30 + 2.27 or 32.27 approx. 5 8 40
45. Find the value of l , if the mode of the following data 7 5 35

is 20 : 10 10 100
15, 20, 25, 18, 13, 15, 25, 15, 18, 17, 20, 25, 20, l , 18. Total / fi = 30 / fi xi = 200
Mean, M =
/ fi xi = 200 = 6.67
First we prepare the following table as discrete / fi 30
frequency distribution.
48. Given below is the distribution of weekly
xi fi
pocket money received by students of a class.
13 1 Calculate the pocket money that is received by most
15 3 of the students.
17 1 Pocket 0-20 20- 40- 60- 80- 100- 120-

18 3 Money 40 60 80 100 120 140
(in Rs.)
20 3
Number 2 2 3 12 18 5 2
l 1 of
25 3 students.
Frequency of 20 must be highest to be mode of the Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]

frequency distribution, l = 20 .
Class Interval Frequency find median class.
0-20 2 Class 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-

20-40 2 20 30 40 50 60 70
40-60 3 Frequency 1 3 5 9 7 3
60-80 12 Cumulative 1 4 9 18 25 28
Frequency
80-100 18
100-120 5 We have N = 28 ; N = 28 = 14
2 2
120-140 2 Cumulative frequency just greater than N2
Total 44 is 18 and the corresponding class is 40 - 50.
Class 80-100 has the maximum frequency 18, therefore Lower limit is 40 and upper limit is 5. Their sum is
this is model class. = 40 + 50 = 90
We have l = 80 , f1 = 18 , f2 = 5 , f0 = 12 , h = 20
51. The following table gives the life time in days of 100
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h bulbs :
1 0 2
Life Less Less Less Less Less Less

= 80 + b 18 - 12 l # 20 time in than than than than than than
36 - 12 - 5
days 50 100 150 200 250 300
= 80 + 6 # 20 Number 8 23 55 81 93 100
19
of Bulbs
= 80 + 6.31 = 86.31
Change the above distribution as frequency
49. Find the mean of the following distribution : distribution.
Class 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
interval Life time in days Number of Bulbs

Frequency 5 4 1 6 4 (Class Interval) (Frequency)
0-50 8
50-100 15
xi fi fi xi
100-150 32
3 5 15
150-200 26
9 4 36
150-200 12
15 1 15
150-200 7
21 6 126
Total 100
27 4 108
Total / fi = 20 / fi xi = 300 52. Find the unknown values in the following table :
Mean M =
/ fi xi = 300 = 15 Class Interval Frequency Cumulative
/ fi 20 Frequency
50. Find the sum of the lower limit of the median 0-10 5 5
class and the upper limit of the modal class : 10-20 7 x1
Classes 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 20-30 x2 18
20 30 40 50 60 70 30-40 5 x3
Frequency 1 3 5 9 7 3 40-50 x4 30
We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
We have x1 = 5 + 7 = 12 Median Md = 84 = 28
3
x2 = 18 - x1 = 18 - 12 = 6
55. The following distribution shows the marks scored by
x3 = 18 + 5 = 23 140 students in an examination. Calculate the mode
and x 4 = 30 - x3 = 30 - 23 = 7 of the distribution :
53. Calculate the median from the following data : Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Number of 20 24 40 36 20
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 students
Number of 5 15 30 8 2
Students Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
Class 20-30 has the maximum frequency 40, therefore

Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] this is model class.
We prepare following cumulative frequency table to Here, l = 20 , f1 = 40 , f0 = 24 , f2 = 36 ,h = 10
find median class.
f1 - f0
Marks No. of students c.f. 1 0 2
0-10 5 5 ^40 - 24h

= 20 + 10
80 - 24 - 36 #
10-20 15 20
= 20 + 16 # 10 = 28
20-30 30 50 20
30-40 8 58 56. Find the unknown entries a , b , c , d in the following
40-50 2 60 distribution of heights of students in a class :
N = 60
Height (in cm) Frequency Cumulative
We have N = 60 ; N
= 30 Frequency
2
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 50 and 150-155 12 12

the corresponding class is 20-30. Thus median class 155-160 a 25
is 20-20.
160-165 10 b
Now l = 20 , f = 30 , F = 20 , h = 10
165-170 c 43
N
-F
Median, Md = l + e
f o#
2
h 170-175 5 48
175-180 2 d
= 20 + b 30 - 20 l # 10
30
= 20 + 100 = 20 + 3.33
30 From the table,
Thus Md = 23.33 12 + a = 25 & a = 25 - 12 = 13
54. Write the relationship connecting three measures of 25 + 10 = b & b = 35,
central tendencies. Hence find the median of the give b + c = 43 &
data if mode is 24.5 and mean is 29.75.
c = 43 - b = 13 - 35 = 8
and 48 + 2 = d & d = 50
Mode, Mo = 24.5
and mean, M = 29.75 57. Find the mode of the following distribution :
The relationship connecting measures of central
Classes 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50-
tendencies is, 30 35 40 45 50 55
3Md = Mo + 2M
Frequency 25 34 50 42 38 14
Thus 3Md = 24.5 + 2 # 59.50
Sol :
= 24.5 + 59.50 = 84.0
Class 35-40 has the maximum frequency 50, therefore 60. Write the median class of the following distribution :
Classes 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
Now l = 35, f1 = 50 , f2 = 42 , f0 = 34 , h = 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
f1 - f0 Frequency 4 4 8 10 12 8 4
1 0 2

= 35 + 50 - 34 5
100 - 34 - 42 # We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
find median class.
= 35 + 16 # 5 = 38.33
24 Classes Frequency Less than c.f.
58. Find x and y from the following cumulative frequency 0-10 4 4
distribution :
10-20 4 8
Classes Frequency c.f. 20-30 8 16
0-8 15 15 30-40 10 26
8-16 x 28 40-50 12 38
16-24 15 43 50-60 8 46
24-32 18 y 60-70 4 50
32-40 09 70 N = 50
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] We have N = 50 ; N = 25

2
From the cumulative frequency distribution,
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 26 and
15 + x = 28 & x = 28 - 15 = 13 the corresponding class is 30-40. Thus median class
and 43 + 18 = y & y = 61 is 20-20.
Hence, x = 13 and y = 61 61. The following are the ages of 300 patients getting
medical treatment in a hospital on a particular day :
59. The frequency distribution of agricultural
holdings in a village below : Age (in 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
years)
Area of land (in 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11 11-13 Number 60 42 55 70 53 20
hectare) of
Number of 20 45 80 55 40 12 students
families
Form the ‘‘less than type’’ cumulative frequency
Find the modal agricultural holding of the village. distribution table.
Class 5-7 has the maximum frequency 80,

Age Number of Patients
therefore this is model class.
Here l = 5 , f1 = 80 , f0 = 45 , h = 2 , f2 = 55 Less then 20 60
Less then 30 102
^ f1 - f0h
Mode, Mo = l + h
2f1 - f0 - f2 # Less then 40 157
= 5+ 80 - 45 2 Less then 50 227
160 - 45 - 55 #
Less then 60 280
= 5 + 35 # 2
60 Less then 70 300
= 6.17
62. Find the mean of the following data : Mean number of plants per house is 8.1.
Class Frequency 64. Given below is a frequency distribution showing the

0.5-5.5 13 marks by 50 students of a class :
5.5-10.5 16 Marks Number of students
10.5-15.5 22 Below 20 17
15.5-20.5 18 Below 40 22
20.5-25.5 11 Below 60 29

Below 80 37
We prepare following table to find mean. Below 100 50
Form the distribution table for the above data.
Class xi = l1 + l2 fi fi xi
0.5-5.5 3 13 39
Class Frequency
5.5-10.5 8 16 128
0-20 17
10.5-15.5 13 22 286
20-40 5
15.5-20.5 18 18 324
40-60 7
20.5-25.5 23 11 253
60-80 8
Total / fi = 80 1,030
80-100 13
Mean x =
/ xi fi =
1, 030
= 12.9 Total 50
/ fi 80
65. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution
63. Find the mean number of plants per house :
from the following data :
Classes 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30
Number 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14 Frequency 7 5 10 12 6
of plants
Number 1 2 1 5 6 2 3
of houses Class 18-24 has the maximum frequency 12, therefore
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] Now l = 18 , f1 = 12 , f0 = 10 , f2 = 6 , h = 6
We prepare following table to find mean. f1 - f0
1 0 2
2 12 - 10
= 18 + 6
0-2 1 1 1 24 - 10 - 6 #
= 18 + 1.5 = 19.5
2-4 3 2 6
4-6 5 1 5 66. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution
6-8 7 5 35 :
8-10 9 6 54 Class 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30

10-12 11 2 22 Frequency 7 5 10 12 6
12-14 13 3 39
Total 20 162 We prepare following table to find mean.
Mean M =
/ fi xi = 162 = 8.1 Classes xi fi fi xi
/ fi 20
0-6 3 7 21 Heights No. of Girls

6-12 9 5 45 more than 120 50
12-18 15 10 150 more than 130 48
18-24 21 12 252 more than 140 40
24-30 27 6 162 more than 150 28
/ fi = 40 / fi xi = 630 more than 160 6
Mean M =
/ fi xi = 630 = 15.75
/ fi 40 69. Convert the following distribution to more than
type, cumulative frequency distribution :
67. The mean of the following frequency
Class 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
distribution is 25. Find the value of p .
Frequency 12 18 10 15 5
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
interval Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
Frequency 4 6 10 6 p We prepare following cumulative frequency table.

Class Cumulative Frequency
We prepare following table to find mean. More than 50 60
More than 60 48
Class- Mid-Point fi fi xi
Interval xi More than 70 30
0-10 5 4 20 More than 80 20
10-20 15 6 90 More than 90 5
20-30 25 10 250
70. Convert the following cumulative distribution to a
30-40 35 6 210 frequency distribution :
40-50 45 p 45 p
Height less less less less less less
26 + p 570 + 45p (in cm) than than than than than than
/ fi xi 140 145 150 155 160 165
We have M =
/ fi Number 4 11 29 40 46 51
of
570 + 45p
25 = students
26 + p
650 + 25p = 570 + 45p Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
650 - 570 = 45p - 25p We prepare following cumulative frequency table.

Thus p =4
Class Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
68. The data regarding the height of 50 girls of class X
of a school is given below : 135-140 4 4
140-145 7 11
Height 120- 130- 140- 150- 160- Total
(in cm) 130 140 150 160 170 145-150 18 29
Number 2 8 12 20 8 50 150-155 11 40
of girls 155-160 6 46
Change the above distribution to ‘more than type’ 160-165 5 51
distribution.
71. Prepare a cumulative frequency distribution of ‘more Daily income of Number of

than type’ for the following data : workers (in Rs.) workers
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 More than 200 100
Number 3 8 15 7 5 More than 300 88
of More than 400 70
students
More than 500 35
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] More than 600 15
We prepare following cumulative frequency table.
More than 700 0
Marks Cumulative Frequency Convert the following data into ‘more than type’
More than 0 38 distribution :
More than 10 35 Class 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75-
More than 20 27 55 60 65 70 75 80
More than 30 12 Frequency 2 8 12 24 38 16
More than 40 5 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
We prepare following cumulative frequency table.

72. Change the following distribution to ‘more than
type’ of distribution :
Class Frequency
Daily 100- 120- 140- 160- 180- More than 50 100
income (in 120 140 160 180 200
More than 55 98
Rs.)
More than 60 90
Number of 12 14 8 6 10
students More than 65 78
More than 70 54
We prepare following cumulative frequency table. More than 75 16
Daily income No. of workers 74. The given distribution shows the number of runs scored
More than 100 50 by the batsmen in inter-school cricket matches :
More than 120 38 Runs scored 0-50 50- 100- 150- 200-
More than 140 24 100 150 200 250
More than 160 16 Number of 4 6 9 7 5

batsmen
More than 180 10
Draw a ‘more than type’ ogive for the above data .
73. Given below is a frequency distribution table showing Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
daily income of 100 workers of a factory : Units on x - axis 1 cm = 50 , y -axis 1cm = 5
Daily income of 200- 300- 400- 500- 600- More than c.f.
workers (in Rs.) 300 400 500 600 700 0 31
Number of workers 12 18 35 20 15 50 27
Convert this table to a cumulative frequency 100 21
distribution table of ‘more than type’.
150 12
200 5
Cumulative frequency distribution table (more than
type)
Class Class Mark Frequency fi xi

13-15 14 6 84
15-17 16 9 144
17-19 18 13 234
19-21 20 f 20f
21-23 22 5 110
23-25 24 4 96
Total 40 + f 704 + 20f
We have / fi = 40 + f
/ fi xi = 704 + 20f
Mean, M =
/ fi x i
/ fi
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS 18 =
704 # 20f
40 + f
720 + 18f = 704 + 20f
75. Compute the mode for the following frequency
f =8
distribution:
77. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution
Size of items 0- 4- 8- 12- 16- 20- 24-
(in cm) 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 :
Frequency 5 7 9 17 12 10 6 Class 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40-

20 25 30 35 40 45
Frequency 3 8 9 10 3 2
this is model class. Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
We have l = 12 , f1 = 17 , f0 = 9 , f2 = 12 and h = 4 Class 30-35 has the maximum frequency 10, therefore
f1 - f0 this is model class.
Mo = l + c
2f1 - f0 - f2 m #
Mode h
Now l = 30 , f0 = 9 , f1 = 10 , f2 = 3 and h = 5
= 12 + b 17 - 9
2 # 17 - 9 - 12 l #
4 f1 - f0
1 0 2
= 12 + 8 # 4 10 - 9
= 30 + b
2 # 10 - 9 - 3 l #
13 5
= 12 + 2.46
= 30 + 5
= 14.46 8
= 30 + 0.625 = 30.625
76. The mean of the following frequency distribution is
18. The frequency f in the class interval 19-21 is 78. The marks obtained by 110 students in an examination
missing. Determine f . are given below
Class 11- 13- 15- 17- 19- 21- 23- Marks 30- 35- 40- 45- 5 0 - 5 5 - 60-
interval 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Frequency 3 6 9 13 f 5 4 Number of 14 16 28 23 18 8 3
Students
Find the mean marks of the students.
Class Class Mark Frequency fi xi
11-13 12 3 36
x + y = 25
Marks fi xi ui = xi - a fi ui
h
x = 25 - 13 = 12
30-35 14 32.5 -3 - 42
Thus x = 12 and y = 13
35-40 16 37.5 -2 - 32
40-45 28 42.5 -1 - 28 80. The table below shows the daily expenditure on food
of 25 households in a locality. Find the mean daily
45-50 23 47.5 0 0
expenditure on food.
50-55 18 52.5 1 18
Daily expenditure 100- 150- 200- 250- 300-
55-60 8 57.5 2 16
(in <) 150 200 250 300 350
60-65 3 62.5 3 9
Number of 4 5 12 2 2
/ f i = 110 / f iu i = - 59 households
Let a be assumed mean, where a = 47.5
Mean M = a+
/ fi ui h Let a = 225 be assumed mean,
N #
(- 59)
= 47.5 + 5
Daily No. of (x i) ui = xi - a fi ui
110 # Expenditure household h
= 47.5 - 2.682 = 44.818 (in <) ( fi )
79. The mean of the following distribution is 48 and sum 100-150 4 125 -2 -8
of all the frequency is 50. Find the missing frequencies 150-200 5 175 -1 -5
x and y . 200-250 12 225 0 0
Class 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 250-300 2 275 1 2
Frequency 8 6 x 11 y 300-350 2 325 2 4
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015, 2016]

/ fi = 25 / fi u i
=- 7
We prepare following table to find mean.
Mean, M = a+
/ fi u i h
C.I. f1 xi u i = xi - a fi ui / fi #
h
^- 7h
= 225 + 50
20-30 8 25 -2 -16 25 #
30-40 6 35 -1 -6 = 225 - 14 = 211
Hence, mean of daily expenditure on food is <211.
40-50 x 45=a 0 0
50-60 11 55 1 11 81. The weekly expenditure of 500 families is tabulated
below :
60-70 y 65 2 2y
Total / fi = / fi ui = Weekly Expenditure(Rs.) Number of families
25 + x + y 2y - 11 0-1000 150
Mean, M = a+
/ fi ui h 1000-2000 200
/ fi # 2000-3000 75
2y - 11 3000-4000 60
48 = 45 + 10
50 #
2y - 11 4000-5000 15
48 - 45 =
5 Find the median expenditure.
3 # 5 = 2y - 11
15 = 2y - 11 & y = 13 We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
Also / fi = 25 + x + y = 50 find median class.
Expenditure f (families) c.f. We prepare following cumulative frequency table to

find median class.
0-1000 150 150
1000-2000 200 350 Height Frequency c.f .
2000-3000 75 425 100-120 12 12
3000-4000 60 485 120-140 14 26
4000-5000 15 500 140-160 8 34
/ f = 500 160-180 6 40
180-200 10 50
We have N = 500 ; N = 250
2 Total N = 50
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is
350 and the corresponding class is 1000-2000. We have N = 50 ; N = 25
2
Thus median class is 1000-2000. Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 26 and
-F
N the corresponding class is 120-140. Thus median class
Median, Md = l + d
f n
2
h is 120-140.
N
-F
= 1000 + 250 - 150 # 1000 Median, Md = l + d
f n
2
200 h
= 1000 + 500 = 1, 500
= 120 + b 25 - 12 l # 20
Thus median expenditure is Rs. 1500 per week. 14
Following frequency distribution shows the expenditure = 120 + 260

82. 14
on milk of 30 households in a locality : = 120 + 18.57 = 138.57
Daily 0-30 30-60 60-90 90-120 120-150
84. Find the mean of the following distribution :
expenditure
on milk (Rs.) Height Less Less Less Less Less Less
Number of 5 6 9 6 4 (in cm) than than than than than than
households 75 100 125 150 175 200
Find the mode for the above data. No. of 5 11 14 18 21 28

students
Height Less Less Less Less
Class 60-90 has the maximum frequency 9,
(in cm) than than than than
225 250 275 300
Here, l1 = 60 , f1 = 9 , f0 = 6 , f2 = 6 and h = 30
No. of 33 37 45 50
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h students
1 0 2
= 60 + b 9-6
2 # 9 - 6 - 6l#

= 60 + 30 # 3 = 60 + 15 = 75 ui =
6 Class Frequency xi fi ui
Interval fi xi - a
83. Find the median of the following data :
Height h
Height (in cm) Less Less Less Less Less (in cm)
than than than than than 50-75 5 62.5 -5 -25
120 140 160 180 200
75-100 6 87.5 -4 -24
Number of 12 26 34 40 50
100-125 3 112.5 -3 -9
students
125-150 4 137.5 -2 -8
150-175 3 162.5 -1 -3
175-200 7 0 0 86. Calculate the mean of the following frequency

distribution :
200-225 5 212.5 1 5
225-250 4 237.5 2 8 Class 10-30 30-50 50-70 70-90 90-110
250-275 8 262.5 3 24 Frequency 15 18 25 10 2
275-300 5 287.5 4 20 Sol :

/ fi = 50 / fi yi We prepare following table to find mean.
= - 12
C.I. fi xi u i = xi - a fi ui
Here, / fi ui = - 12 ; / fi = 50 , h = 25 h
/ fi ui h 10-30 15 20 -2 - 30
Mean M = a+
/ fi # 30-50 18 40 -1 - 18
= 187.5 + - 12 # 25 50-70 25 60 = a 0 0
50
= 187.5 - 6 = 181.5 70-90 10 80 1 10
90-110 2 100 2 4
85. The mean of the following distribution is 314.
Determine the missing frequency x . Total / f = 70 / fi ui
= - 34
Class 0-10 10- 20- 30- 40- 50-
20 30 40 50 60 Let mid point of class 50-60 be assumed mean a .
Frequency 5 x 10 12 7 8 a = 60
Mean, M = a+
/ fi ui h
/ fi #
= 60 + - 34 # 20
C.I. x f x-f fi ui 70
ui =
h = 60 - 9.71 = 50.29
1-10 5 5 -3 - 15
87. Heights of students of class X are given in the
10-20 15 x -2 - 2x following distribution :
20-30 25 10 -1 - 10
Heights (in 150- 155- 160- 165- 170-
30-40 35 12 0 0 cm) 155 160 165 170 175
40-50 45 7 1 7 Number of 15 8 20 12 5
50-60 55 8 2 16 students
Total 42 + 2 - 2x - 2 Find the modal height.
Let mid point of class 30-40 be assumed mean a . Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
a = 35 Class 160-165 has the maximum frequency 20,

/ fi ui h therefore this is model class.
Mean M = a+
/ fi # Now l = 160 , f1 = 20 , fo = 8 , f2 = 12 , h = 5
f1 - f0
31.4 = 35 + - 2x - 2 # 10 Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h
42 + x 1 0 2
^2x + 2h 10 = ^42 + x h^3.6h = 160 + b 20 - 8

40 - 8 - 12 l #
5
20x + 20 = 151.2 + 3.6x
16.4x = 131.2 & x = 8 = 160 + b 12 l # 5
20
= 163
Thus modal height is 163 cm.
88. A school conducted a test (of 100 marks) in English and recorded it in the following table :
for students of Class X . The marks obtained by
students are shown in the following table : Number 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15
of plants
Marks 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 90-
obtained 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Number 2 4 5 1 2
of houses
Number 1 2 4 15 15 25 15 10 2 1 Find the mode for the above data.
of
students Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
Class 6-9 has the maximum frequency 5, therefore this

Find the modal marks.
is model class.
Now l1 = 6 , f1 = 5 , f0 = 4 , f2 = 1, h = 3
f1 - f0
this is model class. Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h
1 0 2
Here l = 50 , f1 = 25 , f0 = 15 , f2 = 15 , h = 10 5-4
= 6+ 3
10 - 4 - 1 #
f1 - f0
1 0 2 = 6 + 1 # 3 = 6 + 0.6 = 6.6
5
= 50 + 25 - 15 10
50 - 15 - 15 # 91. If the median for the following frequency distribution
is 28.5, find the value of x and y :
= 50 + 10 # 10
20
Class Frequency
= 50 + 10 = 55
0-10 5
89. The following frequency distribution shows the 10-20 x
number of runs scored by some batsman of India in
one-day cricket matches : 20-30 20
30-40 15
Run scored 2000- 4000- 6000- 8000- 10000-
4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 40-50 y
Number of 9 8 10 2 1 50-60 5
batsmen Total 60
Find the mode for the above data. Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
Class 6000-8000 has the maximum frequency 10, find median class.
Class f c.f.
Here f0 = 8 , f1 = 10 , f2 = 2 , h = 2000 , and l = 6000
0-10 5 5
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h 10-20 x x+5
1 0 2
= 6000 + b 10 - 8 l # 2000 20-30 20 x + 25

20 - 8 - 2
30-40 15 x + 40
= 6000 + 2 # 2000 40-50 y x + y + 40
10
50-60 5 x + y + 45
= 6000 + 400
/ f = 60
= 6400
Since, median is 28.5 which lies between 20-30. Thus
90. A group of students conducted a survey of their model class is 20-30.
locality to collect the data regarding number of plants From table N = x + y + 45
60 = x + y + 45
x + y = 60 - 45 = 15 ...(1) deviation method :

-FN
Md = l + d
f n
Median, 2
h Class 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50-
10 20 30 40 50 60
630 - ^x + 5h@ Frequency 5 13 20 15 7 5
28.5 = 20 + # 10
20
8.5 = 25 - x Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
2
25 - x = 17 & x = 25 - 17 = 8 Class xi ui = fi fi ui
(Class xi - a
From (1), y = 15 - 8 = 7 Marks) h
Hence, x = 8 and y = 7 0-10 5 -3 5 -15
92. Find the mean and mode of the following frequency 10-20 15 -2 13 -26
distribution : 20-30 25 -1 20 -20
Classes 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 30-40 35 0 15 0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 40-50 45 1 7 7
Frequency 3 8 10 15 7 4 3 50-60 55 2 5 10

Total / fi = 65 / fi ui = - 44
We prepare following table to find mean. Let assumed mean, a = 35 and given h = 10 .
Mean, M = a +
/ fi ui h
Classes xi fi fi xi
/ fi #
0-10 5 3 15
= 35 + - 44 # 10
10-20 15 8 120 65
20-30 25 10 250 = 35 - 6.76 = 28.24
30-40 35 15 525 94. If the mean of the following data is 14.7, find the
40-50 45 7 315 values of p and q .
50-60 55 4 220 Class 0-6 6- 12- 18- 24- 30- 36- Total
60-70 65 3 195 12 18 24 30 36 42
/ fi = 50 / fi xi = 1640 Frequency 10 p 4 7 q 4 1 40
Mean M =
/ fi xi = 1640 = 32.8
/ fi 50
Class xi fi fi xi
0-6 3 10 30
6-12 9 p 9p
Here l = 30 , f1 = 15 , f2 = 7 , f0 = 10 , h = 10
f1 - f0 12-18 15 4 60
1 0 2 18-24 21 7 147
= 30 + 15 - 10 # 10 24-30 27 q 27q
30 - 10 - 7
30-36 33 4 132
= 30 + 5 # 10
13 36-42 39 1 39
= 30 + 50 Total / fi = / fi xi =
13
26 + p + q = 40 408 + 9p + 27q
= 30 + 3.85 = 33.85
We have / fi = 40 ,
93. Find the mean of the following distribution by step
26 + p + q = 40
p + q = 14 ...(1)
Mean M =
/ xi fi the value of f :
/ fi
408 + 9p + 27q Classes 0- 100- 200- 300- 400- 500- 600-
14.7 = 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
40
588 = 408 + 9p + 27q Frequency 15 17 f 12 9 5 2
180 = 9p + 27q Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
p + 3q = 20 ...(2) We prepare following cumulative frequency table to

Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we have, find median class.
2q = 6 & q = 3 Classes fi c.f.

Substituting this value of q in equation (2) we get 0-100 15 15
p = 14 - q = 14 - 3 = 11 100-200 17 32
Hence, p = 11, q = 3 200-300 f 32+f
300-400 12 44+f
95. Find the mean and median for the following data :
400-500 9 53+f
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 500-600 5 58+f
Frequency 8 16 36 34 6 600-700 2 60+f
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] 60 + f
From table, N = 60 + f & N =
We prepare following cumulative frequency table to 2 2
find median class. Since median is 240 which lies between class 200-300.
Class xi (class fi fi xi c.f. N
-F
Median, Md = l + d
f n
marks) 2
h
0-10 5 8 40 8 60 + f
- 32
10-20 15 16 240 24 240 = 200 + = 2
G # 100
f
20-30 25 36 900 60
60 + f - 64
40 = ; E # 100
30-40 35 34 1190 94 2f
40-50 45 6 270 100 8f = 10f - 40
/ fi = 100 / fi xi = 2640 2f = 40 & f = 20
Mean M =
/ fi xi = 2640 = 26.4 97. The following table shows the weights (in gms) of a
/ fi 100 sample of 100 apples, taken from a large consignment
:
We have N = 100 ; N = 50
2
Weight 50- 60- 70- 80- 90- 100- 110- 120-
(in 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
the corresponding class is 20-30. Thus median class gms)
is 20-30.
No. of 8 10 12 16 18 14 12 10
-F N
Median, Md = l + d
f n
2
h Apples
Find the median weight of apples.

= 20 + 50 - 24 # 10
= 20 + 7.22 = 27.22
C.I. 50- 60- 70- 80- 90- 100- 110- 120-
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
96. If the median of the following data is 240, then find
f 8 10 12 16 18 14 12 10
c.f. 8 18 30 46 64 78 90 100
We have N = 100 ; N = 50 Total / fi = / fi xi =

2
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 64 and 72 + p 3340 + 70p
the corresponding class is 90-100. Thus median class / fi xi
is 90-100. Mean, x =
/ fi
N
-F
Median, Md = l + d
f n
2
h 3340 + 70p
53 =
72 + p
= 90 + b 50 - 46 l # 10 3340 + 70p = 53 ^72 + p h
18
= 90 + 40 = 92.2 3340 + 70p = 3816 + 53p
18
70p - 53p = 3816 - 3340
= 92.2 gm.
17p = 476
Thus median weight is 92.2.
p = 476 = 28
98. Find the mean of the following data : 17
100. Weekly income of 600 families is given below :
Classes 0-20 20- 40- 60- 80- 100-
40 60 80 100 120 Income 0- 1000- 2000- 3000- 4000- 5000-
Frequency 6 8 10 12 8 6 (in Rs.) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
No. of 250 190 100 40 15 5
Families
Find the median.
Classes Frequency Mid fi xi
Sol : [Board 2010]
points
0-20 6 10 60 find median class.
20-40 8 30 240
Income No. of Families c.f.
40-60 10 50 500
0-1000 250 250
60-80 12 70 840
1000-2000 190 440
80-100 8 90 720
2000-3000 100 540
100-120 6 110 660
3000-4000 40 580
/ fi = 50 / fi xi = 3020
4000-5000 15 595
Mean, M =
/ xi fi = 3020 = 60.4 5000-6000 5 600
/ fi 50
N = 600
99. The mean of the following distribution is 53.
Find the missing frequency p : We have N = 600 ; N = 300
2
Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 440 and
the corresponding class is 1000-2000. Thus median
Frequency 12 15 32 p 13
class is 1000-2000.
Sol : -FN
Median, Md = l + d
f n
h
Class xi (Class marks) fi fi xi
= 1000 + b 300 - 250 l # 1000
0-20 10 12 120 190
20-40 30 15 450 = 1000 + 50 1000 = 1000 + 5000
190 # 19
40-60 50 32 1600
= 1000 + 263.16
60-80 70 p 70p
= 1263.16 = Rs. 1263.16
80-100 90 13 1170
101. Find the mean for the following data : = 20 + 5.2 = 25.2
Class 24.5- 29.5- 34.5- 39.5- 44.5- 49.5- 54.5- 103. Find the mean of the following data :
29.5 34.5 39.5 44.5 49.5 54.5 59.5
Frequency 4 14 22 16 6 5 3 Class Less Less Less Less Less
than than than than than
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] 20 40 60 80 100
We prepare following table to find mean. Frequency 15 37 74 99 120
Class Class fi fi xi
marks ^xi h
24.5-29.5 27 4 108
29.5-34.5 32 14 448 C.I. fi xi xi fi
34.5-39.5 37 22 814 0-20 15 10 150
39.5-44.5 42 16 672 20-40 22 30 660
44.5-49.5 47 6 282 40-60 37 50 1850
49.5-54.5 52 5 260 60-80 25 70 1750
54.5-59.5 57 3 171 80-100 21 90 1890
/ fi = 70 / fi xi = 2, 755 / fi = 120 / xi fi = 6, 300

/ fi xi Mean M =
/ fi xi = 6300 = 52.5
Mean M = = 2755 = 39.36 / fi 120
/ fi 70
102. Find the mode of following data : 104. The sum of deviations of a set of values x1 , x2 , x3 ,
............, xn , measured from 50 is - 10 and the sum of
Marks Below Below Below Below Below deviations of the values from 46 is 70. Find the value
10 20 30 40 50 of n and the mean.
Number of 8 20 45 58 70 Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2013]
students We have,
n n
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2013] / ^xi - 50h = - 10 and / (xi - 46) = 70
i=1 i=1
n
Class-Interval Frequency / xi - 50n = - 10 ...(1)
i=1
0-10 8 n
10-20 12 and / xi - 46n = 70 ...(2)

i=1
20-30 25 Subtracting (2) from (1) we get,

30-40 13 - 4n = - 80 & n = 20
40-50 12 Substituting this value of n in equation (1) we have

n
Total 70 / xi - 50 # 20 = - 10
i=1
Class 20-30 has the maximum frequency, therefore n

/ xi = 990
this is model class. i=1
n
Now l = 20 , f1 = 25 , f2 = 13 , f0 = 12 , h = 10 Mean M = 1 c / xi m = 990 = 49.5
n i=1 20
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h Hence, n = 20 and mean = 49.5
1 0 2
= 20 + b 25 - 12 Prove that / ^xi - x h = 0

50 - 12 - 13 l #
105.
10
= 20 + 13 # 10 n
25 We have x = 1 c / xi m
n i=1
n
107. The mean of n observations is x , if the first term is
nx = / xi
i=1 increased by 1, second by 2 and so on. What will be
n the new mean ?
Now, / ^xi - x h = ^x1 - x h + ^x2 - x h + ... + ^xn - x h
i=1
n
/ ^xi - x h = (x1 + x2 + ... + xn) - nx I term +1
i=1
n n n II term +2
/ ^xi - x h = / xi - nx = / ^xi - x h III term +3
i=1 i=1 i=1
n n terms + n
Hence, / ^xi - x h =0
i=1 The mean of the new numbers is
106. Compute the median from the following data : n ^n + 1h
2 ^n + 1h
x+ =x=
Mid-values 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 n 2
Frequency 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3
108. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution :
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2015] Class-Interval f
Here, the mid-values are given So, we should first 25-35 7
find the upper and lower limits of the various classes.
The difference between two consecutive values is 35-45 31
h = 125 - 115 = 10 45-55 33
Lower limit of a class = Mid-value - h 55-65 17
2
65-75 11
Upper limit = Mid- value + h
2 75-85 1
Mid-value Class Frequency Cumulative Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
Groups Frequency Class 44-45 has the maximum frequency 33, therefore
115 110-120 6 6 this is model class.
125 120-130 25 31 Now l1 = 45 , f0 = 31, f1 = 33 f2 = 17 , h = 10
135 130-140 48 79 f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + h d 2f - f - f n
1 0 2
145 140-150 72 151
= 45 + 33 - 31 10
155 150-160 116 267 66 - 31 - 17 #
165 106-170 60 327
= 45 + 2 # 10 = 46.1
18
175 170-180 38 365
185 180-190 22 387 109. The mode of a distribution is 55 and the modal class
is 45-60 and the frequency preceding the modal class
195 190-200 3 390 is 5 and the frequency after the modal class is 10.
Find the frequency of the modal class.
Now N = 390 ; N
2 = 195
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 36 and Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2015]
the corresponding class is 150-160. Thus median class Mode, Mo = 55

is 150-160.
Modal class = 45 - 60
Here, l = 150 , f = 116 , h = 10 , F = 151
Frequency of the class preceding,
-F N
Median, Md = l + d
f n
h 2 f1 = 5
Frequency of the class succeeding the modal class,
= 150 + 195 - 151 # 10
116 f2 = 10
= 153.8 Let the frequency of modal class be f .
f - f1
Mode Mo = l + h
2f - f1 - f2 #
f-5 111. The sum of deviations of a set of values x1 , x2 , x3 ,

55 = 45 + 15
2f - 5 - 10 # ............, xn , measured from 50 is - 10 and the sum of
f-5 deviations of the values from 46 is 70. Find the value
=c
2f - 15 m #
10 15
of n and the mean.
10 f-5 Sol :
= [Board 2018 Comp]
15 2f - 15
We have,
2 f - 15
= n n
3 2f - 15 / ^xi - 50h = - 10 and / (xi - 46) = 70
i=1 i=1
4f - 30 = 3f - 15 n
4f - 3f = - 15 + 30 & f = 15
/ xi - 50n = - 10 ...(1)
i=1
n
110. The following table gives production yield per hectare and / xi - 46n = 70 ...(2)
i=1
(in quintal) of wheat of 100 farms of a village : Subtracting (2) from (1) we get,
Production 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- - 4n = - 80 & n = 20
yield/hect. 45 50 55 60 65 70
Substituting this value of n in equation (1) we have
No. of farms 4 6 16 20 30 24 n
/ xi - 50 # 20 = - 10
Change the distribution to a more than type i=1
distribution and draw its ogive. n

/ xi = 990
i=1
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi STD, OD STD]
n
Mean M = 1 c / xi m = 990 = 49.5
Production yield/hectare c.f. n i=1 20
more than 40 100 Hence, n = 20 and mean = 49.5
more than 45 96 112. Prove that / ^xi - x h = 0

more than 50 90 Sol :
more than 55 74 n
We have x = 1 c / xi m
n i=1
more than 60 54
n
more than 65 24 nx = / xi
i=1
n
Now, / ^xi - x h = ^x1 - x h + ^x2 - x h + ... + ^xn - x h
i=1
n
/ ^xi - x h = (x1 + x2 + ... + xn) - nx
i=1
n n n
/ ^xi - x h = / xi - nx = / ^xi - x h
i=1 i=1 i=1
n
Hence, / ^xi - x h =0
i=1
113. The median of the following data is 525. Find the

values of x and y , if total frequency is 100 :
Class Frequency
0-100 2
100-200 5
200-300 x
Class Frequency 114. Daily wages of 110 workers, obtained in a survey, are
tabulated below :
300-400 12
400-500 17 Daily 100- 120- 140- 160- 180- 200- 220-
Wages 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
500-600 20 (in<)
600-700 y Number 10 15 20 22 18 12 13
700-800 9 of
Workers
800-900 7
900-1000 4 Compute the mean daily wages an modal daily wages
of these workers.
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi STD] Sol : [Board 2020 SQP STD]
We prepare cumulative frequency table as given below. Let a = 170 be assumed mean.
CI xi (f) xi - 170 xi - 170 fi ui

Class Interval Frequency (f) Cum. freq. c.f. 20
0-100 2 2
100-200 5 7 100-120 110 10 - 60 -3 - 30
200-300 x 7+x 120-140 130 15 - 40 -2 - 30
300-400 12 19 + x 140-160 150 20 - 20 -1 - 20
400-500 17 36 + x 160-180 170 22 0 0 0
500-600 20 56 + x 180-200 190 18 20 1 18
600-700 y 56 + x + y 200-220 210 12 40 2 24
700-800 9 65 + x + y
220-240 230 13 60 3 39
800-900 7 72 + x + y
/ fi / fi ui
900-1000 4 76 + x + y = 110 =1
N = 100
Mean, x = a+
/ fi ui h
From table we have / fi #
76 + x + y = 100
= 170 + 1 # 20
110
x + y = 100 - 76 = 24 ...(1)
= 170 + 0.1818 = 170.1818
Here median is 525 which lies between class 500 - 600.
Thus median class is 500-600. Hence, mean daily wages of the workers is < 170.1818
Here the maximum frequency is 22 and the
N
-F
Median, Md = l + d
f n
2
h corresponding class is 160-180. So, 160-180 is modal
class.
100
- (36 + x)
525 = 500 + ; 2
E # 100 Now l = 160 , h = 20 , f = 22 , fi = 20 and f2 = 18
20
25 = (50 - 36 - x) 5 f - f1
Mode Mo = l + h
2f - fi - f2 #
14 - x = 25 = 5 22 - 20
5 = 160 + 20
2 # 22 - 20 - 18 #
x = 14 - 5 = 9
= 160 + 40
Substituting the value of x is equation (1), we get 6
y = 24 - 9 = 15 = 160 + 6.666 = 166.67
Hence, x = 9 and y = 15 Hence, modal daily wages of the workers is < 166.67.
115. If the median of the following frequency distribution Class Class Frequency fi x i
is 32.5. Find the values of f1 and f2 . Interval Marks (x i ) ( fi )
Class 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- Total 0-20 10 12 120
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 20-40 30 15 450
Frequency f1 5 9 12 f2 3 2 40 40-60 50 32 1600
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi] 60-80 70 k 70k
80-100 90 13 1170
Class Frequency ( f ) Cumulative
Frequency (cf ) Total 72 + k 3340 + 70k
0-10 f1 f1
Mean, M =
/ fi x i
10-20 5 f1 + 5 / fi
20-30 9 f1 + 14 53 = 3340 + 70k
72 + k
30-40 12 f1 + 26 53 ^72 + k h = 3340 + 70k
40-50 f2 f1 + f2 + 26 3816 + 53k = 3340 + 70k
50-60 3 f1 + f2 + 29 70k - 53k = 3816 - 3340
60-70 2 f1 + f2 + 31 17k = 476 & k = 28
N = / f = 40 Hence, value of k is 28.
Now, f1 + f2 + 31 = 40 117. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution
f1 + f2 = 9
Class 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50-
f2 = 9 - f1 ...(1) Interval 30 35 40 45 50 55
Since median is 32.5, which lies in 30-40, median class Frequency 25 34 50 42 38 14
is 30-40.
Sol :
Here l = 30 , N = 40 = 20 , f = 12 and F = 14 + f1
2 2
Now, Median = 3.25 Class Interval Frequency
N
- cf 25-30 25
l +d 2
n# h = 32.5
f 30-35 34
20 - ^14 + f1h
30 + c m # 10 = 32.5 35-40 50
12
6 - f1 40-45 42
c m 10 = 2.5
12 #
45-50 38
60 - 10f1
= 2.5 50-55 14
12
60 - 10f1 = 30 Class 35-40 has the maximum frequency 50, therefore
10f1 = 30 & f1 = 3 this is model class.
From equation (1), we get f2 = 9 - 3 = 6 Now, l = 35 f1 = 50 , f0 = 34 , f2 = 42 , h = 5
Hence, f1 = 3 and f2 = 6 f1 - f0
1 0 2
116. The arithmetic mean of the following frequency 50 - 34
= 35 + b
2 # 50 - 34 - 42 l #
distribution is 53. Find the value of k . 5
Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 = 35 + 16 # 5

24
Frequency 12 15 32 k 13
= 35 + 10 = 105 + 10 = 115 = 38.33
3 3 3
118. The table below show the salaries of 280 persons: Ages (in 05- 07- 09- 11- 13- 15- 17-
years) 07 09 11 13 15 17 19
Salary (In thousand <) No. of Persons
Number 70 120 32 100 45 28 5
5-10 49
of
10-15 133 students
15-20 63 Find mean and median of the above data.
20-25 15 Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2015]
25-30 6 We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
30-35 7 find mean and median.
35-40 4 C.I. fi c.f. xi ui = fi ui
40-45 2 xi - a
h
45-50 1
05-07 70 70 6 -3 -210
Calculate the median salary of the data.
07-09 120 190 8 -2 -240
Sol : [Board 2018]
09-11 32 222 10 -1 -32
Salary No. of Persons (f) c.f. 11-13 100 322 12 0 0
(In thousand <)
13-15 45 367 14 1 45
5-10 49 49
15-17 28 395 16 2 56
10-15 133 182
17-19 5 400 18 3 15
15-20 63 245
/ fi / fi ui
20-25 15 260
= 400 = - 366
25-30 6 266
Assumed mean, a = 12
30-35 7 273
Mean, M = a+
/ fi ui h
35-40 4 277
/ fi #
40-45 2 279
= 12 + - 366 # 2
45-50 1 280 400
We have N = 280 = 140 = 12 - 183 = 12 - 1.83

2 2 100
Commutative frequency greater than just greater = 10.17
than N2 = 140 is 182 and the corresponding class is
10-15. Thus median class is 10-15. We have N = 400 ; N = 200
2
N
-F Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 222 and
Median Md = l + e
f o
2
h
the corresponding class is 9-11. Thus median class is
(140 - 49) 9-11.
= 10 + #5
133 N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
= 10 + 91 # 5
133
= 13.42 = 9 + 200 - 190 # 2
32
Median salary is < 13.42 thousand or < 13420 (approx)
= 9 + 10 # 2 = 9 + 0.625
32
119. On annual day of a school, 400 students participated
= 9.625
in the function. Frequency distribution showing their
ages is as shown in the following table :
120. The mean of the following distribution is 18. Find the 80-85 82.5 4 3 12
frequency of the class 19-21.
85-90 87.5 5 2 10
Class 11- 13- 15- 17- 19- 21- 23- Total / fi = / fi ui =
13 15 17 19 21 23 25
31 + x + y 22 - 2x - y
Frequency 3 6 9 13 f 5 4
Here, / fi = 31 + x + y = 40
Sol : [Board 2018]
x+y = 9 ...(1)
Class Class mark Frequency (f) fi xi
/ fi ui = 22 - 2x - y
11-13 12 3 36
Mean M = a+
/ fi ui h
13-15 14 6 84 / fi #
15-17 16 9 144 ^22 - 2x - y h
63.5 = 62.5 + #5
17-19 18 13 234 40
19-21 20 f 20f 2x + y = 14 ...(2)
21-23 22 5 110 Solving equation (1) and (2) we have x = 5 and y = 4
23-25 24 4 96 122. The following distribution gives the weights of 60

40 + f 704 + 20f students of a class. Find the mean and mode weights
of the students.
Sfi xi
Mean, M = Sf Weight 40- 44- 48- 52- 56- 60- 64- 68-
i
704 + 20f (in kg) 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72

18 =
40 + f Number 4 6 10 14 10 8 6 2
720 + 18f = 704 + 20f & f = 8 of
students
121. Literacy rates of 40 cities are given in the following
table. It is given that mean literacy rate is 63.5, then Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2015]
find the missing frequencies x and y . We prepare following table to find mean.
C.I. xi fi ui = xi - a fi ui
Literacy 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85-
rate (in 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
%)
h
Number 1 2 3 x y 6 8 4 2 3 2 40-44 42 4 -3 -12
of cities
44-48 46 6 -2 -12
48-52 50 10 -1 -10
52-56 54 = a 14 0 0
C.I. xi ui fi fi ui 56-60 58 10 1 10
35-40 37.5 -5 1 -5 60-64 62 8 2 16
40-45 42.5 -4 2 -8 64-68 66 6 3 18
45-50 75.5 -3 3 -9 68-72 70 2 4 8
50-55 52.5 -2 x - 2x / fi = 60 / fi ui = 18
55-60 57.5 -1 y -y Let a be assumed mean where a = 54
60-65 62.5 = a 0 6 0 Mean, M = a +
/ fi ui h
/ fi #
65-70 67.5 1 8 8
70-75 72.5 2 4 8 = 54 + 18 # 4 = 55.2
60
75-80 77.5 3 2 6 Class 52-56 has the maximum frequency 14, therefore
Here l = 52 , f1 = 14 , f0 = 10 , f2 = 10 , h = 4 Class Interval Frequency

f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h 200-300 x
1 0 2
14 - 10 300-400 12
= 52 + 4 = 54
28 - 10 - 10 # 400-500 17
Hence mean is 55.2 and mode is 5. 500-600 20
123. On the sports day of a school, 300 students participated. 600-700 y

Their ages are given in the following distribution : 700-800 9
Age (in 5-7 7-9 9-11 11- 13- 15- 17- 800-900 7
years) 13 15 17 19 900-1000 4
Number 67 33 41 95 36 13 15
of
students We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
find median class.
Find the mean and mode of the data.
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative frequency
We prepare following table to find mean. 0-100 2 2

100-200 5 7
Age xi fi fi xi
200-300 x 7+x
5-7 6 67 402
300-400 12 19+ x
7-9 8 33 264
400-500 17 36+ x
9-11 10 41 410
500-600 20 56+ x
11-13 12 95 1140
600-700 y 56+ x+y
13-15 14 36 504
700-800 9 65+ x+y
15-17 16 13 208
800-900 7 72+ x+y
17-19 18 15 270
900-1000 4 76+ x+y
/ fi = 300 / fi xi = 3, 198
N = 100
Mean, M =
/ fi xi
=
3, 198
= 10.66
/ fi 300 Here median is 525, which lies between class 500-600.
this is model class. Now, 76 + x + y = 100
Now l = 11, f1 = 95 , f0 = 41, f2 = 36 , h = 2 x + y = 100 - 76 = 24 ...(1)
f1 - f0 -F
N
Md = l + d
f n
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h Median, 2
h
1 0 2
95 - 41 100 - 36 + x
= 11 + 2 ^ hH
190 - 41 - 36 # 525 = 500 + > 2 # 100
20
= 11 + 54 # 2
113 25 = ^50 - 36 - x h 5
= 11 + 0.95 = 11.95 25
^14 - x h = 5 = 5
124. The median of the following data is 525. Find the x = 14 - 5 = 9
values of x and y if the total frequency is 100.
Substituting the value of x in equation (1),
Class Interval Frequency y = 24 - 9 = 15
0-100 2 Hence, x = 9 and y = 15
100-200 5
125. Monthly expenditures on milk in 100 families of a 126. Calculate the average daily income (in Rs.) of the
housing society are given in the following frequency following data about men working in a company :
distribution :
Daily < 100 < 200 < 300 < 400 < 500
Monthly 0- 175- 350- 525- 700- 875- 1050- income
expenditure 175 350 525 700 875 1050 1125 (Rs.)
(in Rs.)
Number 12 28 34 41 50
Number of 10 14 15 21 28 7 5 of men
families
Find the mode and median for the distribution. Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]

We prepare following cumulative frequency table to Class xi (class fi fi xi

find median class. mark)
0-100 50 12 600
C.I. f c.f.
100-200 150 16 2400
0-175 10 10
20-300 250 6 1500
157-350 14 24
300-400 350 7 2450
350-525 15 39
400-500 450 9 4050
525-700 21 60
/ fi = 50 / fi xi = 11, 000
700-875 28 88
875-1050 7 95 Mean M =
/ xi fi = 11000
/ fi 50
1050-1225 5 100
N = 100 = 200
Average daily income is Rs. 220.
We have N = 100 ; N = 50
2
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 60 and 127. The following table gives the life time of 200 bulbs.
the corresponding class is 525-700. Thus median class Calculate the mean life time of a bulb by step
is 525-700. deviation method :
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
Median, 2
h Life time 400- 500- 600- 700- 800- 900-
(in hours) 499 599 699 799 899 999
= 525 + 50 - 39 # 175 Number of 24 47 39 42 34 14
21
bulbs
= 525 + 11 # 175
= 525 + 91.6 = 616.6 We prepare following table to find mean.
Class 700-875 has the maximum frequency 28, Life time xi u i = xi - a fi fi ui

therefore this is model class. (in hrs) h
399.5-499.5 449.5 -2 24 - 48
Here l = 700 , f0 = 21, f1 = 28 f2 = 7 , h = 175
499.5-599.5 549.5 -1 47 - 47
f1 - f0
1 0 2 599.5-699.5 649.5 0 39 0
= 700 + b 28 - 21
2 # 28 - 21 - 7 l #
175 699.5-799.5 749.5 1 42 42
799.5-899.5 849.5 2 34 68
= 700 + 7 # 175 899.5-999.5 949.5 3 14 42
28
= 700 + 43.75 Total / fi / fi ui
= 743.75 = 200 = 57
Let a be assumed mean, 129. Find the median of the following data :
a = 649.5
Profit (in lakh of rupee) Number of shops
Mean, M
/fu
= a +e i i # ho More than of equal to 5 30
/ fi
More than of equal to 10 28
= 649.5 + 57 # 100
200 More than of equal to 15 16
= 649.5 + 28.5 = 678 More than of equal to 20 14
Hence, mean life time of a bulb is 678 hours. More than of equal to 25 10
More than of equal to 30 7
128. If the mean of the following frequency distribution
is 91, and sum of frequency is 150, find the missing More than of equal to 35 3
frequency x and y :
Class 0- 30- 60- 90- 120- 150- We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
30 60 90 120 150 180 find median class.
Frequency 12 21 x 52 y 11
Class f c.f.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011] 5-10 2 2
We prepare following table to find mean. 10-15 12 14
Class xi fi fi xi 15-20 2 16
(Class 20-25 4 20
marks)
25-30 3 23
0-30 15 12 180
30-35 4 27
30-60 45 21 945
35-40 3 30
60-90 75 x 75x
Total / f = 30 = N
90-120 105 52 5460
120-150 135 y 135y We have N = 30 ; N = 15
2
150-180 165 11 1815 Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 16 and
the corresponding class is 15-20. Thus median class
Total /f= i / fx = i i
is 15-20.
x + y + 96 = 150 8400 + 75x + 135y N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
96 + x + y = 150 Now, l = 15 , N = 30 , F = 14 , f = 2 h = 5
x + y = 54 ...(1) N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
x =
/ fi xi
/ fi = 15 + b 15 - 14 l # 5
2
8400 + 75x + 135y
91 = = 15 + 2.5 = 17.5
150
13650 = 8, 400 + 75x + 135y 130. Find the value of x and y , if the median for the
75x + 135y = 5250 following data is 31.
5x + 9y = 350 ...(2) Classes 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- Total

10 20 30 40 50 60
Solving equation (1) and (2) we get x = 34 and y = 20
Frequency 5 x 6 y 6 5 40

find median class. = 68 + 2 # 53
C.I. f c.f. Md = 174 = 58

3
0-10 5 5 Hence median is 58.
10-20 x 5+x
132. Daily wages of 110 workers, obtained in a survey, are
20-30 6 11+ x
tabulated below :
30-40 y 11+ x+y
Daily 100- 120- 140- 160- 180- 200- 220-
40-50 6 17+ x+y
Wages 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
50-60 5 22+ x+y (in<)
Total 40 Number 10 15 20 22 18 12 13
of
Since median is 31, which lies between 30-40. Thus
Workers
median class is 30-40.
Here from table, N = 22 + x + y Compute the mean daily wages an modal daily wages
of these workers.
40 = 22 + x + y
x + y = 18 ...(1) Let a = 170 be assumed mean.
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h CI xi (f) xi - 170 xi - 170 fi ui
20
20 - ^11 + x h
31 = 30 + = G # 10
y 100-120 110 10 - 60 -3 - 30
^9 - x h # 10 120-140 130 15 - 40 -2 - 30
1 =
y
140-160 150 20 - 20 -1 - 20
y = 90 - 10x
160-180 170 22 0 0 0
10x + y = 90 ...(2)
180-200 190 18 20 1 18
Solving equation (1) and (2) we get x = 8 and y = 10 200-220 210 12 40 2 24
131. Find the mode of the following distribution of marks 220-240 230 13 60 3 39
obtained by the students in an examination : / fi / fi ui
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 = 110 =1
obtained
Mean, x = a+
/ fi ui h
Number 15 18 21 29 17 / fi #
of
students = 170 + 1 # 20
110
Given the mean of the above distribution is 53, using = 170 + 0.1818 = 170.1818
empirical relationship estimate the value of its median. Hence, mean daily wages of the workers is < 170.1818
Sol : [Board Term-1 SQP 2017] Here the maximum frequency is 22 and the
Class 60-80 has the maximum frequency 29, therefore corresponding class is 160-180. So, 160-180 is modal
this is model class. class.
Here, l = 60 , f1 = 29 , f0 = 21, f2 = 17 and h = 20 Now l = 160 , h = 20 , f = 22 , fi = 20 and f2 = 18
f1 - f0 f - f1
Mo = l + h d 2f - f - f n Mode Mo = l + h
Mode,
1 0 2
2f - fi - f2 #
8 = 160 + 22 - 20 20
= 60 +
58 - 38 #
20 2 # 22 - 20 - 18 #
= 60 + 8 = 68 = 160 + 40 = 160 + 6.666 = 166.67

6
Now 3Md = Mo + 2M Hence, modal daily wages of the workers is < 166.67.
133. The marks obtained by 100 students of a class is an 134. The following distribution gives the daily income of 50
examination are given below: workers of a factory:
Marks 0- 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- Daily income 200- 220- 240- 260- 280-
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
(in <) 220 240 260 280 300
No. of 2 5 6 8 10 25 20 18 4 2
Number of 12 14 8 6 10
Students
workers
Draw ‘a less than’ type cumulative frequency curves
Convert the distribution above to a ‘less than type’
(ogive). Hence find median.
cumulative frequency distribution and draw its ogive.
Marks No of students cf
Daily Income (in <) Cumulative Frequency
Less than 5 2 2
Less than 220 12
Less than 10 5 7
Less than 240 26
Less than 15 6 13
Less than 260 34
Less than 20 8 21
Less than 280 40
Less than 25 10 31
Less than 300 50
Less than 30 25 56
Less than 35 20 76
Less than 40 18 94
Less than 45 4 98
Less than 50 2 100
135. Change the following data into ‘less than type’

distribution and draw its ogive:
Class 30- 40- 50- 60- 7 0 - 8 0 - 90-

Interval 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Frequency 7 5 8 10 6 6 8
From graph, N = 100 = 50 Classes Cumulative frequency

2 2
less than 40 7
Now, locate the point on the ogive where ordinate is
50. The x -coordinate corresponding to this ordinate less than 50 7 + 5 = 12
is 28.8. Therefore, the required median on the graph less than 60 12 + 8 = 20
is 28.8.
less than 70 20 + 10 = 30
less than 80 30 + 6 = 36
Classes Cumulative frequency Cumulative frequency distribution table less than

type is
less than 90 36 + 6 = 42
less than 100 42 + 8 = 50 Less than Daily income Number of Workers (f)
in (<)
100 0
120 12
140 26
160 34
180 40
200 50
Scale : at x -axis,1 small division = 10 units

at y -axis, 1 small division = 5 units
136. The following distribution gives the daily income of 50

workers of a factory:
Daily Income 100- 120- 140- 160- 180-

(in <) 120 140 160 180 200
Number of 12 14 8 6 10
137. On annual day of a school, 400 students participated
workers
in the function. Frequency distribution showing their
Convert the distribution above to a less than type ages is as shown in the following table :
Ages (in 05- 07- 09- 11- 13- 15- 17-
Sol : [Board 2018]
years) 07 09 11 13 15 17 19
Cumulative frequency distribution table is given
Number of 70 120 32 100 45 28 5
below.
students
Daily Income Number of Cumulative Find mean and median of the above data.
(in <) Workers (f) Frequency (c.f.)
100-120 12 12
120-140 14 26 find mean and median.
140-160 8 34
C.I. fi c.f. xi ui = fi ui
160-180 6 40 xi - a
180-200 10 50 h
05-07 70 70 6 -3 -210
C.I. fi c.f. xi ui = fi ui 40-44 42 4 -3 -12

xi - a 44-48 46 6 -2 -12
h
48-52 50 10 -1 -10
07-09 120 190 8 -2 -240
52-56 54 = a 14 0 0
09-11 32 222 10 -1 -32
56-60 58 10 1 10
11-13 100 322 12 0 0
60-64 62 8 2 16
13-15 45 367 14 1 45
64-68 66 6 3 18
15-17 28 395 16 2 56
68-72 70 2 4 8
17-19 5 400 18 3 15
/ fi = 60 / fi ui = 18
/ fi / fi ui
= 400 = - 366 Let a be assumed mean where a = 54
Mean, M = a+
/ fi ui h
Assumed mean, a = 12 / fi #
Mean, M = a+
/ fi ui h = 54 + 18 # 4 = 55.2
/ fi # 60
= 12 + - 366 # 2 this is model class.
400
Here l = 52 , f1 = 14 , f0 = 10 , f2 = 10 , h = 4
= 12 - 183 = 12 - 1.83
100 f1 - f0
= 10.17 1 0 2
14 - 10
We have N = 400 ; N = 200 = 52 +
28 - 10 - 10 #
4 = 54
2
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 222 and Hence mean is 55.2 and mode is 5.
9-11. 139. The following table gives the life time of 200 bulbs.
N
-F Calculate the mean life time of a bulb by step
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h deviation method :
= 9 + 200 - 190 # 2 Life 400- 500- 600- 700- 800- 900-

32 time (in 499 599 699 799 899 999
hours)
= 9 + 10 # 2 = 9 + 0.625
32
Number 24 47 39 42 34 14
= 9.625 of bulbs
138. The following distribution gives the weights of 60 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
students of a class. Find the mean and mode weights We prepare following table to find mean.
of the students.
Life xi u i = xi - a fi fi ui
Weight 40- 44- 48- 52- 56- 60- 64- 68- time (in h
(in kg) 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 hrs)
Number 4 6 10 14 10 8 6 2 399.5- 449.5 -2 24 -48
of 499.5
students
499.5- 549.5 -1 47 -47
599.5
We prepare following table to find mean. 599.5- 649.5 0 39 0
699.5
C.I. xi fi ui = xi - a fi ui 699.5- 749.5 1 42 42
h
799.5
799.5- 849.5 2 34 68 5x + 9y = 350 ...(2)

899.5 Solving equation (1) and (2) we get x = 34 and y = 20
899.5- 949.5 3 14 42
141. The following table gives the daily income of 50
999.5
workers of a factory.
Total / fi / fi ui
= 200 = 57 Daily 100- 120- 140- 160- 180-
income 120 140 160 180 200
Let a be assumed mean, then a = 649.5 (in Rs.)
M = a +e
/ fi ui h Number 12 14 8 6 10
Mean,
/ fi # o of
Workers
= 649.5 + 57 # 100
200 Find the mean, mode and median of the above data.
= 649.5 + 28.5 = 678 Sol : [Board Term-1 2009]
Hence, mean life time of a bulb is 678 hours. We prepare following table to find mean.
140. If the mean of the following frequency distribution C.I. fi c.f. xi ui = fi ui

is 91, and sum of frequency is 150, find the missing xi - a
frequency x and y : h
100-120 12 12 110 -2 - 24
Class 0- 30 30- 60- 90- 120- 150-
60 90 120 150 180 120-140 14 26 130 -1 - 14
Frequency 12 21 x 52 y 11 140-160 8 34 150 0 0
160-180 6 40 170 1 6
We prepare following table to find mean. 180-200 10 50 190 2 20

/ f = 50 / fi ui = - 12
Class xi fi fi xi
(Class
Let a be assumed mean be a = 150
marks)
0-30 15 12 180 Mean M = a+
/ fi ui h
/ fi #
30-60 45 21 945
= 150 + - 12 # 20
60-90 75 x 75x 50
90-120 105 52 5460 = 150 - 4.8 = 145.2

120-150 135 y 135y Now N = 50 ; N
2 = 25
150-180 165 11 1815 Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 26 and
Total /f=i /
fi xi =
is 120-140.
x + y + 96 = 150 8400 + 75x + 135y
Now l = 120 , f = 14 , F = 12 and h = 20
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
96 + x + y = 150 Median, h
x + y = 54 ...(1)
= 120 + b 25 - 12 l # 20
/ fi xi 14
x =
/ fi = 120 + 18.57 # 138.57
8400 + 75x + 135y
91 = Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean
150
= 3 # 138.57 - 2 # 145.2
13650 = 8, 400 + 75x + 135y
= 415.71 - 290.4 = 125.31
75x + 135y = 5250
Hence, mean is 145.2, median is 138.57 and mode is 143. In annual day of a school, age-wise participation
125.31. of students is shown in the following frequency
distribution :
142. On the annual day of school, age-wise participation
of students is given in the following frequency Age of 5- 7 7- 9 9- 11- 13- 15- 17-
distribution table : students (in 11 13 15 17 19
years)
Age (in years) Number of students
Number of 20 18 22 25 20 15 10
Less than 6 2 students
Less than 8 6 Draw a ‘less than type’ ogive for the above data and
Less than 10 12 from it find the median age.
Less than 12 22 Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
Less than 14 42
Students c.f.
Less than 16 67
Less than 7 20
Less than 18 76
Less than 9 38
Find the median of the students and how can get the Less than 11 60
median graphically ?
Less than 13 85
Less than 15 105
Age of C.I. c.f. f Less than 17 120
students
Less than 19 130
Less than 6 4-6 2 2
We plot the points as shown below.
Less than 8 6-8 6 4
Less than 10 8-10 12 6
Less than 12 10-12 22 10
Less than 14 12-14 42 20
Less than 16 14-16 67 25
Less than18 16-18 76 9
Now N = 76 ; N
2 = 38
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 42 and the
corresponding class is 12-14. Thus median class is 12-14.
This curve is the required cumulative frequency curve

or an ogive of the less than type.
Here, N = 130 ,
So, N = 130 = 65
2 2
Now, we locate the point on the ogive whose ordinate Here N = 60 ,

is 65. The x co-ordinate corresponding to this N = 60 = 30
ordinate is 11.4. Hence. the required median on the So
2 2
graph is 11.4. Now, we locate the point on the ogive whose ordinate
is 30. The x -co-ordinate corresponding to this ordinate
144. In an orchard, the number of apples on trees are
is 79. Hence, the required median on the graph is 79.
below :
145. Draw more than ogive for the following distribution.
Number more more more more more more more
of than than than than than than than Find the median from the curve.
apples of of of of of of of
equal equal equal equal equal equal equal Classes 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
to to to to to to to Frequency 10 18 40 20 12
50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Number 60 55 39 29 10 6 2 Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
of trees
More than c.f.
Draw a ‘more than type’ ogive and hence obtain
0 100
median from the curve.
10 90
20 72
Apples c.f.
30 32
More than 50 60
40 12
More than 60 55
More than 70 39
More than 80 29
More than 90 10
More than 100 6
More than 110 2
From graph, N = 100 = 50

2 2
Hence, Median = 25
146. Find the median of the following data :
Class 0- 20- 40- 60- 80- 100- 120-

This curve shows cumulative frequency on an ogive of Interval 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
the ‘more than type’. Frequency 6 8 10 12 6 5 3
How can we find the median graphically ? Now l = 60 , f = 12 , F = 24 , h = 20

Sol : N
-F
Median, Md = l + d
f n
h
Classes c.f. (25 - 24)
= 60 + # 20
More than 0 50 12
More than 20 44 = 60 + 1 # 20 = 60 + 5
12 3
More than 40 36 185
= = 61.67
More than 60 26 3
More than 80 14 147. Following distribution shows the marks obtained by a
class of 100 students :
More than 100 8
More than 120 3 Marks 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
20 30 40 50 60 70
To draw an ogive we take the indices : (0, 50), (20, 44),
(40, 36), (60, 26), (80, 14), (100, 8) and (120, 3). Frequency 10 15 30 32 8 5
We plot the points as shown below. Draw a ‘more than’ ogive for the above data
Marks Frequency
More than 10 100
More than 20 90
More than 30 75
More than 40 45
More than 50 13
More than 60 5
More than 70 0
From graph, N = 50 = 25
2 2
Median, Md = 61.6
By Formula Method :
Classes f c.f.
0-20 6 6
20-40 8 14
40-60 10 24
60-80 12 36 Median Class
80-100 6 42
100-120 5 47
120-140 3 50
Now N = 50 ; N
2 = 25
is 60-80.
148. The following distribution gives the distribution of life Hence obtain the median of daily income.
times of washing machines of a certain company :
Life time 1000- 1200- 1400- 1600- 1800- 2000- 2200-

(in hours) 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Daily income (Classes) No. of workers (c.f.)
Number 15 60 68 86 75 61 45 Less than 250 10
of washing
machines Less than 300 15
Less than 350 26
Convert the above distribution into ‘less than type’
and draw its ogive. Less than 400 34
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] Less than 450 40
Less than 500 50
Life time c.f.
Less than 1200 15 We plot the points as shown below.
Less than 1400 75

Less than 1600 143
Less than 1800 229
Less than 2000 304
Less than 2200 365
Less than 2400 410
From graph. N = 50 = 25
2 2
Hence, Median daily income = Rs. 345.
150. Draw ‘‘less than ogive’’ and more than ogive’’ for the
following distribution and hence find its median :
Class 30- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80-

30 40 50 60 70 80 90
149. The following distribution gives the daily income of 50
workers of a factory : Frequency 10 8 12 24 6 25 15
Daily 200- 250- 300- 350- 400- 450- Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
income(In 250 300 350 400 450 500
Rs.) Less than c.f. More than c.f.
Number 10 5 11 8 6 10 30 10 20 100
of workers 40 18 30 90
Convert the distribution to a ‘less than type’ 50 30 40 82
60 54 50 70
70 60 60 46
80 85 70 40
90 100 80 15
152. The following are the ages of 200 patients getting

medical treatment in a hospital on a particular day :
Age (In 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

years)
151. The following table gives the weight of 120 articles : Number 40 22 35 50 23 30
of
Weight 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 Patients
(in kg)
Write the above distribution as ‘less than type’
Number 14 17 22 26 23 18 cumulative frequency distribution and also draw an
of ogive to find the median.
students
Change the distribution to a ‘more than type’
distribution and draw its ogive. Less than c.f.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2014] 10 0
20 40
Weight (in kg) 0 Cumulative Frequency
30 62
More than to 10 120
40 97
More than to 20 106
50 147
More than to 30 89
60 170
More than to 40 67
70 200
More than to 40 41
More than to 50 18 We have N = 200
More than to 60 0 So, N = 100

2
We plot the points as shown below. Plotting the obtained coordinates (20,40), (30, 62),
(40, 97), (50, 147), (60, 170) and (70, 200) and draw
‘less than type’ curve.
154. Draw a ‘more than ogive’ for the following data :
Class 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70-

Median = 40.6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
153. The following frequency distribution shows the Frequency 5 9 10 12 8 7 5 4

distance (in meters) thrown by 68 students in a
Javelin throw competition.
More than c.f. More than c.f.
Distance 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
(in m) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 60 50 16
Number 4 5 13 20 14 8 4 10 55 60 9
of 20 46 70 4
students
30 36 80 0
Draw a less than Ogive for the given data and find the
40 24
median distance through using this curve.
Distance Number of Less than c.f.

(in m) Students distance (in
m)
0-10 4 Less than 0 0
10-20 5 Less than 10 4
20-30 13 Less than 20 9
30-40 20 Less than 30 22
40-50 14 Less than 40 42
50-60 8 Less than 50 56
60-70 4 Less than 60 64
Less than 70 68
The co-ordinates for drawing an ogive are (0, 0),
(10, 4), (20, 9), (30, 22), (40, 42), (50, 56), (60, 64),
(70, 68).
155. The distribution of monthly wages of 200 workers of a to help people know how the local air quality impacts
certain factory is as given below : their health. The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) calculates the AQI for five major air pollutants :
Monthly 80- 100- 120- 140- 160-
1. Ground-level ozone
wages (in Rs.) 100 120 140 160 180
2. Particle pollution/particulate matter (PM2.5/pm
Number of 20 30 20 40 90 10)
workers
3. Carbon Monoxide
Change the above distribution to a ‘more than type’ 4. Sulfur dioxide
distribution and draw its ogive. 5. Nitrogen dioxide
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air
pollution and the greater the health concerns.
Wages c.f.
More than 80 200
More than 100 180
More than 120 150
More than 140 130
More than 160 90
More than 180 0
Following frequency distribution shows the Air

Quality Index of different localities of Delhi on 27th
December 2020 reported by Times of India Newspaper
on 28th December 2020.
AIQ Number of weeks f
270-280 4
280-290 10
290-300 14
300-310 20
310-320 24
320-330 8
Total 80
Based on the above information, answer the following
questions.
(i) Estimate the mean AQI.
(ii) In which class does the median of distribution lie
?
(iii) In which class does the mode of distribution lie ?
COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS (iv) What is the median AQI?
Sol :
156. Air Quality Iindex : AQI is an index for reporting air (i) We prepare the following commutative frequency
quality on a daily basis. The purpose of the AQI is distribution table.
AIQ Number of cf Mid-point fixi Time (in sec) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
weeks f xi
No. of 8 10 13 6 3
270-280 4 4 275 1100 students
280-290 10 14 285 2850 Based on the above information, answer the following
questions.
290-300 14 28 295 4130
(i) Estimate the mean time taken by a student to
300-310 20 48 305 6100 finish the race.
310-320 24 72 315 7560 (ii) What will be the upper limit of the modal class ?
320-330 8 80 325 2600 (iii) What is the sum of lower limits of median class
and modal class ?
Total 80 24340
(iv) How many students finished the race within 1
Mean =
/ f i xi
= 24340 = 304.25
minute?
/ fi 80
Sol :
(ii) Cumulative frequency just greater than
(i) We prepare the following commutative
2 = 2 = 40 is 48 and the corresponding class is 300-
N 80
frequency distribution table.

310. Thus median class is 300-310.
(iii) Since 310-320 has highest frequency i.e. 24, thus Time Number of Mid- f i xi Cumulative
310-320 is model class. (in sec) students value frequency
(iv) Here l = 300, , N = 80 , F = 28 , f = 20 and h = 10 (f i) xi cf
-F
N 0-20 8 10 80 8
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
20-40 10 30 300 18
40 - 28
= 300 + b 20 l # 10 40-60 13 50 650 31
= 300 + 6 = 306 60-80 6 70 420 37
80-100 3 90 270 40
157. 100 Metres Race : The 100 metres is a sprint race in
track and field competitions. The shortest common Total / f = 40
i / fi xi
outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular = 1720
and prestigious events in the sport of athletics. It
has been contested at the summer Olympics since Mean =
/ f i xi
= 1720 = 43
1896 for men and since 1928 for women. The World
/ fi 40
Mean time taken by a student to finish the race is 43
Championships 100 metres has been contested since
sec.
1983. The reigning 100 m Olympic or world champion
is often named “the fastest man or woman in the (ii) Since 40-60 has highest frequency i.e. 13 upper
world”. limit of modal class is 60.
(iii) Cumulative frequency just greater than
N 40
60. Thus median class is 40-60 and lower limit is 40.

Sum of lower limits of median class and modal class
= 40 + 40 = 80 .
(iv) The number of students finished the race within
1 min (i.e. 60 sec)
= cumulative frequency of class 40-60
= 31
158. Living Index : Cost of living indexes are meant to

compare the expenses an average person can expect
A stopwatch was used to find the time that it took a to incur to acquire food, shelter, transportation,
group of students to run 100 m. energy, clothing, education, healthcare, childcare, and
entertainment in different regions. A cost of living
index is also used to track how much the costs of basic (iii) Cumulative frequency just greater than
expenses rise over a period. 2 = 2 = 26 is 35 and the corresponding class is 160-
N 52
170. Thus median class is 160-170 and upper limit is

170.
159. Heart Rate : The heart rate is one of the ‘vital signs,’ or
the important indicators of health in the human body.
It measures the number of times per minute that the
heart contracts or beats. The speed of the heartbeat
varies as a result of physical activity, threats to safety,
and emotional responses. The resting heart rate refers
The weekly observation on cost of living index in to the heart rate when a person is relaxed. While a
a certain city for a particular year are given below. normal heart rate does not guarantee that a person is
Observe the following table: free of health problems, it is a useful benchmark for
identifying a range of health issues. After the age of
Cost of Living Index Number of weeks 10 years, the heart rate of a person should be between
140-150 5 60 and 100 beats per minute while they are resting.
150-160 10
160-170 20
170-180 9
180-190 6
190-200 2
Total 52
Based on the above information, answer the following Thirty women were examined by doctors of AIIMS
questions. and the number of heart beats per minute were
(i) What is the approximate mean weekly cost-of recorded and summarised as follows.
living index ?
Number of heart beats Number of women ^ f ih
(ii) What will be the lower limit of the modal class ?
per minute
(iii) What is the upper limit of median class ?
65-68 2
Sol :
68-71 4
(i) We prepare the following commutative frequency
distribution table. 71-74 3
74-77 8
Cost of Number of cf Mid-point fixi
Living Index weeks f xi 77-80 7
140-150 5 5 145 725 80-83 4
150-160 10 15 155 1550 83-86 2
questions.
170-180 9 44 175 1575
(i) What is the mean heart beats per minute for
180-190 6 50 185 1110 these women ?
190-200 2 52 195 390 (ii) What is the upper limit of median value of heart
beats per minute for these women ?
Total 52 860
(iii) What is the lower limit of mode value of heart
Mean =
/ f i xi
= 8650 = 166.4 beats per minute for these women ?
/ fi 52
(iv) How many women are having heart beat in range
(ii) Since maximum frequency is 20 and corresponding 68-77?
class is 160-170. Thus lower limit of modal class is
160. Sol :
(i) We prepare the following frequency distribution
table. emissions are a precursor to acid rain and atmospheric

particulates.
Heart Class Women cf ui = xi- a fi u i
3 To find out the concentration of SO 2 in the air (in
beats per mark ^ f ih
minute ^xi h parts per million, i.e. ppm), the data was collected for
30 localities in a delhi and is presented below:
65-68 66.5 2 2 -3 -6
Concentration of SO 2 (in ppm) Frequency
68-71 69.5 4 6 -2 -8
0.00-0.04 4
71-74 72.5 3 9 -1 -3
0.04-0.08 9
74-77 75.5 8 17 0 0
0.08-0.12 9
77-80 78.5 7 24 1 7
0.12-0.16 2
80-83 81.5 4 28 2 8
0.16-0.20 4
83-86 84.5 2 30 3 6
0.20-0.24 2
Total / fi = 30 / fi u i
=4
questions.
We have, Mean = a +
/ fi u i h (i) What is the mean concentration of SO 2 in the
/ fi # air?
= 75.5 + 4 # 3 (ii) What is the lower limit of median value of
30
concentration of SO 2 in the air?
= 75.5 + 0.4 = 75.9
(iii) Find the median value concentration of SO 2 in
(i) The mean heart beat per minute is 75.9. the air.
(ii) Cumulative frequency just greater than (iv) How many localities are having SO 2 in range
N 30
0.04-0.16 ppm ?
77. Thus median class is 74-77 and upper limit is 77.
Sol :
(iii) Class 74-77 has the maximum frequency 8,
therefore this is model class and lower limit is 74. (i) Let assumed mean, a = 0.10
(iv) 4 + 3 + 8 = 15 women are having heart beat in Here, class size h = 0.04
range 68-77. (i) We prepare the following frequency distribution
160. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is a colorless gas at ambient table.
temperature and pressure. It is soluble in water
SO 2 Class Frequency cf ui = f i ui
and forms sulfurous acid which is slowly oxidized to
sulfuric acid by dissolved oxygen. (in ppm) mark ^ f ih xi - 0.10
^xi h 0.04
0.00-0.04 0.02 4 4 -2 -8
0.04-0.08 0.06 9 13 -1 -9
0.08-0.12 0.10 9 22 0 0
0.12-0.16 0.14 2 24 1 2
0.16-0.20 0.18 4 28 2 8
0.20-0.24 0.22 2 30 3 6
Total / fi = 30 / f i ui
=- 1
We have, Mean = a +
/ f i ui h
Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant and has / fi #
significant impacts upon human health. In addition,
^- 1h # 0.04
the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere = 0.10 +
30
can influence the habitat suitability for plant
communities, as well as animal life. Sulfur dioxide = 0.10 - 0.001 = 0.099 ppm .
(ii) Cumulative frequency just greater than Based on the above information, answer the following
2 = 2 = 15 is 22 and the corresponding class is 0.08- questions.
N 30
0.12. Thus median class is 0.08-0.12 and lower limit (i) What is the lower limit of model class of NAV?
is 0.08 ppm. (ii) What is the mode NAV of mutual funds ?
(iii) Here l = 0.08 , N = 30 , F = 13 , f = 9 and h = 0.04 (iii) What is the mean NAV of mutual funds ?
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
Median, 2
h (iv) What is the median NAV of mutual funds ?
Sol :
- 13
30
= 0.08 + c 9 m # 0.04
2
The given classes are not continuous. So, let us make
them continuous and rewrite the table.
= 0.08 + 0.08
9
Class Frequency f cf
= 0.08 + 0.00888 = 0.0889 ppm
(iv) 9 + 9 + 2 = 20 localities are having SO 2 in range 0.5-5.5 13 13
0.04-0.16 ppm ? 5.5-10.5 16 29
161. Mutual Fund : A mutual fund is a type of financial 10.5-15.5 22 51

vehicle made up of a pool of money collected from 15.5-20.5 18 69
many investors to invest in securities like stocks, 20.5-25.5 11 80
bonds, money market instruments, and other assets.
(i) Class 10.5-15.5 has the maximum frequency 22,
Mutual funds are operated by professional money
managers, who allocate the fund’s assets and attempt
to produce capital gains or income for the fund’s (ii) Now l = 10.5 , f1 = 22 , f2 = 18 , f0 = 16 , h = 5
investors. f1 - f0
1 0 2
= 10.5 + 22 - 16 # 5
44 - 18 - 16
= 10.5 + 3 = 13.5
(iii) We prepare following table to find mean.
2
0.5-5.5 3 13 39
5.5-10.5 8 16 128
10.5-15.5 13 22 286
15.5-20.5 18 18 324
Net asset value (NAV) represents a fund’s per share 20.5-25.5 23 11 253
market value. It is the price at which investors buy Total / fi = 80 1030
(“bid price”) fund shares from a fund company and
sell them (“redemption price”) to a fund company. Mean x =
/ fi xi = 1030 = 12.9
/ fi 80
The following table below shows the net asset value
(iv) 3Md = Mo + 2M
(NAV) per unit of mutual funds of ICICI mutual
funds. 3Md = 13.5 + 2 # 12.9 = 39.3
NAV (Rs) No. of mutual funds Md = 39.3 = 13.1
3
0-5 13
162. Salary Cut : Our personal and professional lives have
6-10 16 taken quite a turn in the light of the coronavirus
11-15 22 pandemic. Worklife has been revamped across the
globe, in that working from home has become the norm
16-20 18
for those employees and organizations that continue
21-25 11 to carry on with their operations and functioning in
the lockdown. Increments, incentives, businesses have / f i = 80 / fi xi = 5940

all been impacted.
M =
/ fi xi
= 5940 = 74.25
/ fi 80
(ii) From cumulative frequency we get that 28 employee
received up to 70 % salary. Rest 80 - 28 = 52
employee received more than 70 % salary.
(iii) From cumulative frequency we get that 10
employee’s salary is cut by more than 40 %.
(iv) Class 80-90 has the maximum frequency 24,
therefore this is model class. Lower limit is 80.
(v) Cumulative frequency just greater than
N 80
163. Traffic Management : A traffic enforcement camera

is a camera which may be mounted beside or over a
road or installed in an enforcement vehicle to detect
The Covid-19 pandemic has stalled economic activity
motoring offenses, including speeding, vehicles going
at an unprecedented scale globally, raising the spectre
through a red traffic light. A worldwide review of
of job losses and salary cuts. Most of companies
studies found that speed cameras led to a reduction
decided to bring down the salary by upto 50 %.
of 11% to 44% for fatal and serious injury crashes.
The following table shows the salaries (in percent) The British Medical Journal recently reported that
received by 80 employee during lockdown. speed cameras were effective at reducing accidents
and injuries in their vicinity and recommended wider
Salary Received 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 90-
(in %) 50 60 70 80 90 100 deployment.
Number of employee 4 10 14 20 24 8
questions.
(i) What is the mean salary (in %) received ?
(ii) How many employee received more than
70 % salary ?
(iii) Find the total number of employee whose
salary is reduced by more than 40 % ?
(iv) What is the lower limit of mode class of salary (in
%) received?
(v) Which is the median class of salary (in %)
received?
Sol : In order to monitor reckless driving on Mumbai
(i) We prepare following cumulative frequency table. road, special cameras have been installed at many
traffic light. The following table shows a frequency
C.I. fi c.f. xi fi xi distribution table for the speed of 100 vehicles passing
through a particular spot on a day.
40-50 4 4 45 180
Speed 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 90-
50-60 10 14 55 550 (in km/h) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
60-70 14 28 65 910 Number of 1 3 7 16 35 29 7 2
70-80 20 48 75 1500 Vehicles
questions.
90-100 8 80 95 760
(i) Find the number of vehicles whose speed is more 2M = 3 # 66.57 - 62.53
than 70 km/h ?
= 137.18 km/h
(ii) Find the number of vehicles whose speed is less
than 50 km/h ? M = 137.18 = 68.59 km/h
2
(iii) What is the mode value of speed ?
164. Toll Tax : In India, for every state or national
(iv) What is the median value of speed ?
highway/expressway, a fee is charged for raising the
(v) Find the mean value of speed using cost incurred in constructing as well as for maintaining
empirical relation. the roads. This fee is called toll and is a kind of tax.
Sol : Once the cost of the highway is recovered, the fee
We prepare following cumulative frequency table is collected at a lessened rate of 40 percent, for the
purpose of maintenance of the road.
Speed (in km/h) f c.f.
20-30 1 1
30-40 3 4
40-50 7 11
50-60 16 27
60-70 35 62
70-80 29 91
80-90 7 98
90-100 2 100
Total / f = 100 = N
(i) From cummulative frequency we get that 62 On a particular day, National Highway Authority
vehicles have speed upto 70 km/h. Rest 100 - 62 = 38 of India (NHAI) checked the toll tax collection of a
vehicles have speed more than 70 km/h. particular toll plaza in Rajasthan. The following table
(ii) From cummulative frequency we get that 11 shows the toll tax paid by drivers and the number of
vehicles have speed upto 50 km/h. vehicles on that particular day.
(iii) Class 60-70 has the maximum frequency 35, Toll tax (in <) 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
Number of 80 110 120 70 40
Now l = 60 , f1 = 35 , f2 = 29 , f0 = 16 , h = 10
vehicles
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h Based on the above information, answer the following
1 0 2
35 - 16 questions.
= 60 + 10
120 - 29 - 16 # (i) What is the mean of toll tax received by NHAI?
= 60 + 2.53 = 62.53 km/h (ii) What is the toll tax received by NHAI in a day,
(iv) Cumulative frequency just greater than from that particular toll plaza ?
N 100
(iii) What is the mode of toll tax received by NHAI?
70. Thus median class is 60-70. (iv) Find the median value of speed using empirical
Now, l = 60 , N = 100 , F = 27 , f = 35 h = 10 relation.
-F
N Sol :
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h We prepare following cumulative frequency table
= 60 + b 50 - 27 l # 10 Class Class d i = x i - A Frequency fid i
35
marks (fi)
= 60 + 6.57 = 66.57 km/h (x i)
(v) Empirical relation,
30-40 35 - 20 80 - 1600
3Md = Mo + 2M
40-50 45 - 10 110 - 1100
3 # 66.57 = 62.53 + 2M
50-60 55 = A 0 120 0 (iv) What about the mileage can be claimed by the
manufacturer for his scooter ?
60-70 65 10 70 700
70-80 75 20 40 800
Total / fi = 420 / fidi =
- 1200
(i) Required Mean = A +

/ fi d i
/ fi
= 55 - 1200 =< 52.14
420
(ii) Total toll tax received by a vehicle =< 52.14
Total number of vehicles = 420
Average toll tax received in a day
=< (52.14 # 420) =< 21898.80
(iii) Class 50-60 has the maximum frequency 120, Sol :
therefore this is model class. We prepare following cumulative frequency table
Now l = 50 , f1 = 120 , f2 = 70 , f0 = 110 , h = 10
f1 - f0 Class Class Frequency x i fi c.f.
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h interval mark (x i) (fi)
1 0 2
= 50 + 120 - 110 10 100-120 110 7 770 7

240 - 110 - 70 #
120-140 130 12 1560 19
= 50 + 10
6 140-160 150 18 2700 37
= 50 + 1.67 = 51.67 160-180 170 13 2210 50
(iv) Empirical relation, Total 50 7240
3Md = Mo + 2M
(i) M =
/ fi xi
= 7240 = 144.8 km/charge
3Md = 51.67 + 2 # 52.14 / fi 50
3Md = 155.95 Thus average mileage is 144.8 km/charge.
(ii) Class 140-160 has the maximum frequency 18,
Md = 155.95 = 51.98 therefore this is model class.
3
Now l = 140 , f1 = 18 , f2 = 13 , f0 = 12 , h = 20
165. Electric scooters are plug-in electric vehicles with two f1 - f0
or three wheels. The electricity is stored on board in a Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h
1 0 2
rechargeable battery, which drives one or more electric
= 140 + 18 - 12 20
motors. Leading manufacturer of electric scooter, Hero 36 - 12 - 13 #
Scooter Pvt Ltd wants to declare the mileage of their
electric scooters. For this, they recorded the mileage = 140 + 6 # 20
11
(km/charge) of 50 scooters of the same model. Details
= 140 + 120 = 140 + 10.91
of which are given in the following table. 11
= 150.91 km/charge
Mileage 100- 120- 140- 160-
(km/charge) 120 140 160 180
N 50
Number of scooters 7 12 18 13 160. Thus median class is 140-160.

Based on the above information, answer the following Now, l = 140 , N
2 = 25 , F = 19 , f = 18 and h = 20
questions. -F N
Median, Md = l + d
f n
2
(i) What is the average mileage. h
(ii) What is the modal value of mileage ?
= 140 + 25 - 19 # 20
(iii) What is the median value of mileage ? 18
= 140 + 60 = 146.67 km/charge N = 30

9 2
Median of the distance travelled is 224.12 km Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 = 602 = 30
is 44 and the corresponding class is 219.5-229.5. Thus
(iv) Since, Mean is 144.8, Mode is 150.91 and Median
median class is 219.5-229.5.
is 146.67 and minimum of which is 144.8, therefore
manufacturer can claim the mileage for his scooter (ii) Clearly, the cumulative frequency of the class
144 km/charge. preceding the median class 219.5-229.5 is 18.
(iii) Now, l = 219.5 , N = 60 , F = 18 , f = 26 h = 10
166. Transport department of a Jaipur wants to buy some N
-F
Median, Md = l + d
f n
Electric buses for the city. For which they wants 2
h
to analyse the distance travelled by existing public
transport buses in a day. = 219.5 + b 30 - 18 l # 10
26
= 219.5 + 12 # 10
26
= 219.5 + 4.62 = 224.12
Median of the distance travelled is 224.12 km.
(iv) 3Md = Mo + 2M
3 # 224.12 = 223.78 + 2M
672.36 - 223.78 = 2M
448.58 = 2M
The following data shows the distance travelled by 60 M = 448.58 = 224.29 km
existing public transport buses in a day. 2
167. An inspector in an enforcement squad of electricity

Daily distance 200- 210- 220- 230- 240-
travelled (in km) 209 219 229 239 249 department visit to a locality of 100 families and
record their monthly consumption of electricity, on
Number of buses 4 14 26 10 6 the basis of family members, electronic items in the
Base on the above information, answer the following house and wastage of electricity, which is summarise
questions. in the following table.
(i) Find the median class of daily distance travelled ? Monthly Number of families
(ii) What is the cumulative frequency of the class Consumption (in kwh)
preceding the median class ?
0-100 2
(iii) Find the median of the distance travelled.
100-200 5
(iv) If the mode of the distance travelled is 223.78 km,
find the mean of the distance travelled by the bus . 200-300 x
Sol : 300-400 12
Here, class intervals are in inclusive form. So, we 400-500 17
first convert them in exclusive form. The frequency
500-600 20
distribution table in exclusive form is as follows :
600-700 y
Class interval Frequency (fi) Cumulative
700-800 9
frequency (c.f.)
800-900 7
199.5-209.5 4 4
900-1000 4
209.5-219.5 14 18
219.5-229.5 26 44 Inspector calculated that median of the above data is
525 and after that he lost two data which is given as
229.5-239.5 10 54 x and y in table.
239.5-249.5 6 60 Based on the above information, answer the following
questions.
(i) Here, / fi i.e., N = 60
(i) What is the value of lost data x ? 25 = 70 - 5x

(ii) What is the value of lost data y ? 70 - 25 =
x = 5 9
(iii) What will be the upper limit of the modal class?
Now y = 24 - 9 = 15
(i) Thus x = 9
(ii) y = 15
168. Life insurance is a contract between an insurance

policy holder and an insurer or assurer, where the
insurer promises to pay a designated beneficiary a
sum of money upon the death of an insured person
(often the policy holder). Depending on the contract,
other events such as terminal illness or critical illness
can also trigger payment. The policy holder typically
pays a premium, either regularly or as one lump sum.
Sol :
We prepare following cumulative frequency table
Monthly Number of Cumulative

Consumption (in kwh) families Frequency
0-100 2 2
100-200 5 7
200-300 x 7+x
300-400 12 19 + x
400-500 17 36 + x
SBI life insurance agent found the following data for
500-600 20 56 + x distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. Calculate
600-700 y 56 + x + y the median age, if policies are given only to persons
having age 18 years onwards but less than 60 years.
700-800 9 65 + x + y
800-900 7 72 + x + y Age (in years) Number of policy holders
900-1000 4 76 + x + y Below 20 2
Total 76 + x + y Below 25 6
Since total frequency is 100 , Below 30 24
76 + x + y = 100 Below 35 45
x + y = 100 - 76 = 24 Below 40 78
Here median is 525, thus median class is 500-600. Also Below 45 89
2 = 2 = 50 .
N 100
Below 50 92
Now, l = 500 , N
2 = 50 , F = 36 + x , f = 20 and Below 55 98
h = 100 .
Below 60 100
-F N
Median, Md = l + d
f n
2
h (i) What is the median value of age ?
50 - 36 - x (ii) What will be the upper limit of the modal class?
525 = 500 + b 20 l # 100 (iii) What is the mode value of age ?
25 = (14 - x) # 5 (iv) Find the mean value of age using empirical
relation.
Sol : 70.46
M = 2 = 35.23 years
The given table is cumulative frequency distribution.
We write the frequency distribution as given below: 169. The Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan is a system of
Class interval Cumulative Frequency premier central government schools in India that are
Frequency instituted under the aegis of the Ministry of Education
(MHRD), Government of India. As of October 2020,
15-20 2 2-0 = 2 it has a total of 1239 schools. It is one of the world’s
20-25 6 6-2 = 4 largest chains of schools. The system came into being
in 1963 under the name ‘Central Schools’. Later, the
25-30 24 24 - 6 = 18
name was changed to Kendriya Vidyalaya. Its schools
30-35 45 45 - 24 = 21 are all affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary
35-40 78 78 - 45 = 33 Education (CBSE). The objective of KVS is to cater
to the educational needs of the children of transferable
40-45 89 89 - 78 = 11
Central Government employees including Defence
45-50 92 92 - 89 = 3 and Para-Military personnel by providing a common
50-55 98 98 - 92 = 6 programme of education.
55-60 100 100 - 98 = 2
We have, / fi = N = 100
(ii) Cumulative frequency just greater than
N 100

Now, l = 35 , N2 = 50 , F = 45 , f = 33 and h = 5
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
50 - 45
= 35 + : 33 D # 5
= 35 + 25
33
= 35 + 0.76 = 35.76 years
Thus, the median age 35.76 years. Commissioner of Regional office Jaipur prepare a
(ii) Class 35-40 has the maximum frequency 78, table of the marks obtained of 100 students which is
therefore this is model class. given below
(iii) Now l = 35 , f1 = 33 , f2 = 11, f0 = 21, h = 5
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h obtained
1 0 2
33 - 21 Number of 15 18 21 29 p
= 35 + 5 students
66 - 21 - 11 #
He was told that mean marks of a student is 53.
= 35 + 12 # 5
33
(i) How many students got marks between 80-100?
= 35 + 20
11 (ii) What is the lower limit of model class ?
= 35 + 1.82 = 36.82 years
(iii) What is the value of model marks ?
(iv) Empirical relation,
(iv) What is the value of median marks ?
3Md = Mo + 2M
(v) What is the upper limit of median class ?
3 # 35.76 = 36.82 + 2M
Sol :
107.28 = 36.82 + 2M (i) Since numbers of students are 100,
107.28 = 36.82 + 2M 15 + 18 + 21 + 29 + p = 100
2M = 107.28 - 36.82 = 70.46 83 + p = 100
p = 100 - 83 = 17 (i) What is the upper limit of median class ?

(ii) Class 60-80 has the maximum frequency 29, (ii) What is the median value of students per teacher?
therefore this is model class. Lower limit of this class
(iii) What is the lower limit of model class ?
is 60.
(iii) Here, l = 60 , f1 = 29 , f0 = 21, f2 = 17 and h = 20 (iv) What is the model value of students per teacher ?
f1 - f0 (v) What is the mean value of students per teacher ?

1 0 2 Sol :
= 60 + 29 - 21 20 (i) We prepare following cumulative frequency table
2 # 29 - 21 - 17 # to find median class.
= 60 + 8 20
58 - 38 # Students per teacher Number of School c.f
= 60 + 8 = 68 20-25 5 5
(iv) Now 3Md = Mo + 2M = 68 + 2 # 53 25-30 15 20
Md = 174 = 58 30-35 25 45
3
35-40 30 75
Hence median is 58.
(v) Since median is 58 and corresponding class is 40- 40-45 15 90
60. Upper limit of this class is 60. 45-50 10 100
170. Student-teacher ratio expresses the relationship N = 100
between the number of students enrolled in a school
and the number teachers employed by the school. We have N = 100 ; N = 50
2
Student-teacher ratio is important for a number of
reasons. It can be used as a tool to measure teacher
workload as well as the allocation of resources. A low
35-40 and upper limit is 40.
student-teacher ratio indicates the burden on a single
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
teacher of teaching multiple students as well as the (ii) Median, 2
h
lack of time that each student gets.
= 35 + 50 - 45 # 5
30
= 35 + 5 = 215 = 35.83
6 6
therefore this is model class. Lower limit of this class
is 35.
(iv) Here, l = 35 , f1 = 30 , f0 = 25 , f2 = 15 and h = 5
f1 - f0
1 0 2
= 35 + 30 - 25 5
A survey was conducted in the 100 secondary school 60 - 25 - 15 #
of Rajasthan and following frequency distribution = 35 + 5 # 5
table was prepared : 20
= 35 + 1.25 = 36.25
Students per teacher Number of School
(v) Now 3Md = Mo + 2M
20-25 5 3 # 215 = 36.25 + 2M
25-30 15 6
2 # 215 = 4 # 36.25 + 8M
30-35 25
430 = 145 + 8M
35-40 30
8M = 430 - 145 = 285
40-45 15
285
45-50 10 M = 8 = 35.625
171. A TV reporter was given a task to prepare a report on products.

the rainfall of the city Dispur of Indian in a particular
year. After collecting the data, he analysed the data
and prepared a report on the rainfall of the city, Using
this report, he drew the following graph of a particular
time period of 66 days
Survey manager of Amul dairy has recorded monthly

expenditures on milk in 100 families of a housing
society. This is given in the following frequency
distribution :
Monthly expenditure (in Rs.) Number of families

0-175 10
175-350 14
350-525 15
Based on the above graph, answer the following 525-700 x
questions :
700-875 28
(i) Identify less than type ogive and more than type
ogive from the given graph. 875-1050 7
(ii) Find the median rainfall of Dispur. 1050-1225 5
(iii) Obtain the Mode of the data if mean rainfall is
23.4 cm (i) How many families spend between Rs 350- 700 on
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] milk ?
(i) Curve-1 shows less than ogive and curve-2 shows (ii) What is the upper limit of median class ?
more than ogive.
(iii) What is the median expenditure on milk?
(ii) The abscissa of intersecting point of less than and
more than ogive give the median. Thus median is (iv) What is the lower limit of model class ?
21 cm. (v) What is the model expenditure on milk?
(iii) Mode of data,
Sol :
Mo = 3Md - 2M (i) Since number of families is 100,
= 3 # 21 - 2 # 23.4 10 + 14 + 15 + x + 28 + 7 + 5 = 100
= 63 - 46.8 79 + x = 100
= 16.2 cm x = 100 - 79 = 21
Thus 15 + 21 = 36 families spend between Rs 350-
172. Amul, is an Indian dairy cooperative society, based 700 on milk.
at Anand in the Gujarat. Formed in 1946, it is a (ii) We prepare following cumulative frequency table
cooperative brand managed by a cooperative body, to find median class.
the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation
Ltd. (GCMMF), which today is jointly owned by 36 C.I. f c.f.
lakh (3.6 million) milk producers in Gujarat. Amul
0-175 10 10
spurred India’s White Revolution, which made the
country the world’s largest producer of milk and milk 157-350 14 24
C.I. f c.f. The length of time taken by 80 drivers to complete a

journey is given in the table below:
350-525 15 39
525-700 21 60 Times 70- 80- 90- 100- 110- 120-
(in minutes) 80 90 100 110 120 130
700-875 28 88
Number of 4 10 14 20 24 8
875-1050 7 95 drivers
1050-1225 5 100
(i) What is the estimate of the mean time taken to
N = 100 complete the journey ?
We have N = 100 ; N = 50 (ii) In which interval does the median of the
2
distribution lie?
the corresponding class is 525-700. Thus median class (iii) In which interval does the mode of the distribution
is 525-700 and upper limit is 700. lie?
N
-F (iv) What is the model time taken to complete journey ?
Md = l + d
f n
2
(iii) Median, h
(v) What is the median time taken to complete
= 525 + 50 - 39 # 175 journey ?
21
Sol :
= 525 + 11 # 175 (i) We prepare the following table :
21
= 525 + 91.6 = 616.6 C.I. fi c.f. xi fi xi
(iv) Class 700-875 has the maximum frequency 28, 70-80 4 4 75 300
therefore this is model class and lower limit is 700.
80-90 10 14 85 850
(v) Here l = 700 , f0 = 21, f1 = 28 f2 = 7 , h = 175
90-100 14 28 95 1330
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + h d 2f - f - f n 100-110 20 48 105 2100
1 0 2
= 700 + b 28 - 21 110-120 24 72 115 2760

2 # 28 - 21 - 7 l #
175
120-130 8 80 125 1000
= 700 + 7 # 175 / f i = 80 / fi xi = 8340
28
= 700 + 43.75 = 743.75
M =
/ fi xi
= 8390 = 104.25
/ fi 80
173. Formula one Portugese Grand Prix technical team at (ii) Cumulative frequency just greater than
the Algarve International Circuit are analysing last 2 = 2 = 40 is 48 and the corresponding class is 100-
N 80
year data of drivers’ performance to provide valuable 110. Thus median class is 100-110.
inferences to commentators on how the drivers can (iii) Class 110-120 has the maximum frequency 24,
improve this year. therefore this is model class.
(iv) Here, l = 110 , f1 = 24 , f0 = 20 , f2 = 8 and h = 10
f1 - f0
1 0 2
= 110 + 24 - 20 10
2 # 24 - 20 - 8 #
= 110 + 4 # 10 = 112
20
(v) Now 3Md = Mo + 2M = 112 + 2 # 104.25
= 320.5
Md = 320.5 = 106.83
3
174. Apples are most widely planted and are commercially 80-100 20 20 90 1800
the most important fruit crop in Jammu and Kashmir.
The cultivation of apple crop in Jammu and Kashmir 100-120 60 80 110 6600
shows particular interest for a number of reasons. 120-140 70 150 130 9100
In terms of both area and production, apple is very
140-160 40 190 150 6000
beneficial fruit crop. This provides a major source of
income and employment in Jammu and Kashmir. 160-180 60 250 170 10200
/ f i = 250 / fi xi = 33700
/ fi xi 33700
M = xi = 250 = 134.8 gm
2 = 2 = 125 is 150 and the corresponding class is
N 250
120-140. Thus median class is 120-140 and upper limit

is 140.
(iv) Class 120-140 has the maximum frequency 70,
Here, l = 120 , f1 = 70 , f0 = 60 , f2 = 60 and h = 20
f1 - f0
1 0 2
= 120 + 70 - 60 20
Horticultural department has tasked their statistical 2 # 70 - 60 - 40 #
officer to create a model for farmers to be able to
= 120 + 20 # 10 = 125
predict their produce output based on various factors. 40
A box containing 250 apples was opened and each (v) Now 3Md = Mo + 2M
apple was weighed. The distribution of the weight of 3Md = 125 + 2 # 135 = 395
the apples is given in the following table:
395
Md = 3 = 131.67 grams
Weight (in grams) No. of fi Apples
80-100 20
***********
100-120 60
120-140 70
140-160 40
160-180 60
(i) How many apples are in the range 140-160 grams?

(ii) What is the mean weight of the apples?
(iii) What is the upper limit of the median class?
(iv) What is the modal mass of the apples?
(v) What is the median mass of the apples?
Sol :
(i) 20 + 60 + 70 + x + 60 = 250
210 + x = 250
x = 250 - 210 = 40
(ii) We prepare following cumulative frequency
distribution table.
Weight fi c.f. xi fi xi
Page 538 Probability Chap 15
CHAPTER 15
Probability
ONE MARK QUESTIONS Favourable outcome are 1 and 2 i.e. two outcomes.
n (E) = 2
1. What is the probability that a number selected at P (number less than 3)
random from the numbers 1, 2, 3, ......, 15 is a multiple n (E)
P (E) = =2 =1
of 4? n (S) 6 3
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] 4. A number is chosen at random from the numbers - 5 ,
Total possible outcome, n (S) = 15 - 4 , - 3 , - 2 , - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Then the probability
that square of this number is less than or equal to 1
Number of multiples of 4 between 1 to 15 are
is .......... .
4, 8, 12 i.e. 3 favourable outcome.
n (E) = 3 Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Given numbers are - 5 , - 4 , - 3 , - 2 , - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

n (E)
Required Probability, P (E) = = 3 =1 5 and their squares are 25, 16, 9, 4, 1, 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25.
n (S) 15 5
Total number of outcomes n (S) = 11.
PRACTICE Favourable outcome are - 1, 0, 1, thus number of
 One ticket is drawn at random from a bag favourable outcomes is n (E) = 3 .
containing tickets numbered 1 to 40. Find the n (E)
Required probability, P (E) = = 3
probability that the selected ticket has a number n (S) 11
which is a multiple of 5.
5. A card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled pack
[Board 2010]
1 of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting a red king.
Ans : 5
Total no. of cards, n (S) = 52

2. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the Number of red kings, n (E) = 2
probability of getting at most one head ?
n (E)
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic] P (a red king), P (E) =
n (S)
All possible outcomes are {HH, HT, TH, TT}.
= 2 = 1
Thus n (S) = 4 52 26
Favourable outcomes are {HT, TH, TT}.
PRACTICE
n (E) = 3
 A card drawn at random from a well shuffled deck
Probability of getting at most one head, of 52 playing cards. What is the probability of
n (E)
P (E) = =3 getting a black king?
n (S) 4 [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Ans :
3. A die is thrown once. What is the probability of
getting a number less than 3?
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] 6. If the probability of wining a game is 0.07, what is the
There are 6 possible outcome for a die. probability of losing it?
n (S) = 6 Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
Chap 15 Probability Page 539
P (winning the game), P (E) = 0.07 PRACTICE
P (number less game), P (E ) = 1 - P (E)  What is the probability of getting a number

greater then 3 in throwing a die?
= 1 - 0.07
[Board 2009]
= 0.93 Ans :
PRACTICE
5
 If the probability of winning a game is 11 , find the 10. The probability of getting a bad egg in a lot of 400
probability of losing the game. eggs is 0.035. Find the number of bad eggs in the lot.
[Board Term-2 2014]
Ans : 6 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
11
Number x be number of bad eggs.
n (E) = x
 A girl calculates the probability of her winning
the game in a match and find it 0.08. What is the Total eggs, n (S) = 400
probability of her losing the game? P (bad eggs) P (E) = 0.035
n Ê h
[Board Term-2 2012]
Ans : 0.92 P (bad eggs), P (E) =
n ^S h
0.035 = x
400
7. If a card is selected from a deck of 52 cards, then find x = 400 # 0.035 = 14
the probability of its being a red face card? Thus there are 14 bad eggs in lot.
PRACTICE
In a deck of 52 cards, there are 12 face cards i.e., 6 red
and 6 black cards.  The probability of selecting a rotten apple
randomly from a heap of 900 apples is 0.18. What
n (S) = 52
is the number of rotten apples in the heap ?
n (E) = 6 [Board 2010]
So, probability of getting a red face card, Ans : 162

n (E)
P (E) = = 6 = 3
n (S) 52 26
11. A girl calculates that the probability of her winning
8. A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards. The event E the first prize in a lottery is 0.08. If 6000 tickets are
is that card is not an ace of hearts. Find the number sold, then how many tickets has she bought?
of outcomes favourable to E .
Sol :
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] Total number of sold tickets are 6000. Let she bought
In a deck of 52 cards, there are 13 cards of heart and x tickets.
1 is ace of heart. Now n (S) = 6000
Hence, the number of outcomes favourable
n (E) = x
n (E) = 52 - 1 = 51
n (E)
P (E) =
9. When a die is thrown, what is the probability of n (S)
getting an odd number less than 3? x
0.08 = 6000
x = 0.08 # 6000 = 480
Odd number less than 3 is 1 only.
Hence, she bought 480 tickets.
n (S) = 6
n (E) = 1 12. Find the probability of an impossible event.
So, probability of getting an odd number less than 3, Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
n (E) Probability of impossible event is 0.

P (E) = =1
n (S) 6
13. Someone is asked to take a number from 1 to 100. n (E)

P (E) = = 4
What is the probability that it is a prime ? n (S) 11
Sol : [Board 2006] 17. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting
Prime numbers between 1 to 100 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, “at most 2.”
17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73,
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt 2017]
79, 83, 89 and 97, i.e 25 outcome.
All possible outcome i.e. sample space,
n (S) = 100
S = "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
n (E) = 25
Number of all possible outcome,
n (E)
P (E) = = 25 = 1 n ^S h = 6
n (S) 100 4
Favourable outcomes,
14. Out of one digit prime numbers, one number is selected E = "1, 2,
at random. What is the probability of selecting an Number of favourable outcome,
even number?
n Ê h = 2
Sol :
n Ê h
One digit prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7. Out of these Thus P Ê h = =2=1

n ^S h 6 3
numbers, only the number 2 is even.
18. If E be an event such that P Ê h = 73 , what is P (not
n (S) = 4
E ) equal to?
n (E) = 1
Required probability,
We have P Ê h = 3
n (E) 7
P (E) = =1
n (S) 4 P ^not E h = 1 - P Ê h
15. A bag contains 3 red and 2 blue marbles. If a marble = 1-3 = 4

7 7
is drawn at random, then find the probability of
drawing a blue marble. PRACTICE
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013]  If P Ê h = 0.20 , then what is the probability of
There are 5 marbles in the bag. Out of these 5 marbles ‘not E ’ ?
one can be choose in 5 ways. Since, the bag contains [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013]
2 blue marbles. Therefore, one blue marble can be Ans : 0.80
drawn in 2 ways.
n (S) = 5
19. A bag contains lemon flavoured candies only. Shalini
n (E) = 2
takes out one candy without looking into the bag.
Required probability, What is the probability that she takes out an orange
n (E) flavoured candy?
P (E) = =2
n (S) 5 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
16. A single letter is selected at random from the word Bag contains only lemon flavoured candies.
PROBABILITY. What is the probability that the So, getting an orange flavoured candy is an
selected letter is a vowel? impossible.
P (E) = 0
Sol : [Board 2007]
There are 11 letter in word PROBABILITY. Out of 20. Out of 200 bulbs in a box, 12 bulbs are defective. One
these 11 letter, 4 letter are vowels. bulb is taken out at random from the box. What is
n (S) = 11 the probability that the drawn bulb is not defective?
n (E) = 4 Sol : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
Required probability, Total number of bulbs,

n ^S h = 200 number on the drawn ticket is a multiple of 3 or 7.

Number of favourable cases, Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
n Ê h = 200 - 12 = 188 Total number of cases,

Required probability, n (S) = 20
n Ê h Favourable outcome,
P Ê h = = 188 = 47
n ^S h 200 50 E = "3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18,
21. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack Number of favourable cases,
of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting neither a n Ê h = 8
red card nor a queen.
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 8 =2
There are 26 red cards out of total 52 cards and 2 n ^S h 20 5
black queen also.
25. What is the probability that a non-leap year has 53
Total number of cards, n (S) = 52 Mondays ?
Cards which are neither red nor queen, Sol : [Board Term-2 2015]
n Ê h = 52 - (26 + 2) = 24 There are 365 days in a non-leap year.
Required probability, 365 days = 52 weeks + 1 day
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 24 = 6 One day can be M, T, W, Th, F, S, S i.e. total 7
n ^S h 52 13 possible outcomes and only one favourable outcome.
22. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at random. Thus n (S) = 7 and n (E) = 1
Determine the probability that the chosen letter is a P (53 Mondays in non-leap year)
consonant.
n Ê h
P Ê h = =1
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015, 2020 Delhi STD] n ^S h 7
In the English language there are 26 alphabets. 26. Two different dice are tossed together. Find the
Consonant are 21. The probability of chosen a probability that the product of the number on the top
consonant of the dice is 6.
n (S) = 26
n (E) = 21
Total number of possible outcomes,
n (E) 21
P (E) = = n (S) = 6 # 6 = 36
n (S) 26
23. Cards marked with number 3, 4, 5, ..........., 50 are
Product of 6 are (1, 6), (2, 3), (6, 1) and (3, 2).
placed in a box and mixed thoroughly. A card is
Number of favourable outcomes,
drawn at random from the box. Find the probability
that the selected card bears a perfect square number. n Ê h = 4
Total number of chances
Total number of outcomes, n (S) = 6 # 6 = 36
n (S) = 48 P (Product of 6)
n Ê h
Favourable outcomes are 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 and 49. P Ê h = = 4 =1
No. of favourable outcomes, n ^S h 36 9
n Ê h = 6 27. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which

comes to rest pointing at one of the numbers 1, 2, 3,
P (perfect square number),
4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and these are equally likely outcomes.
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 6 or = 1 Find the probability that the arrow will point at any
n ^S h 48 8 factor of 8 ?
24. 20 tickets, on which numbers 1 to 20 are written, Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
are mixed thoroughly and then a ticket is drawn at Total number of points are 8. Thus, total number of
random out of them. Find the probability that the possible outcomes
n (S) = 8 selected number is mean?

Favourable outcomes are 1, 2, 4, and 8 Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
No. of favourable outcomes, Total outcomes, n (S) = 10
n Ê h = 3 Mean,
P (factor of 8) M = 3 + 5 + 5 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 = 70 = 7
10 10
n Ê h
P Ê h = =2 =1
n ^S h 8 2 Thus 7 is the mean of given numbers and frequency
of 7 is 3 in given data.
28. A bag contains cards numbered from 1 to 25. A card is Number of favourable outcomes,
drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability
n Ê h = 3
that number is divisible by both 2 and 3.
n Ê h
Sol : P (mean), P Ê h = = 3
n ^S h
10
Since bag contains 25 cards,
n (S) = 25 32. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting
a prime number.
The numbers divisible by 2 and 3 both are 6, 12, 18,
24 which are 4 numbers. Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
Thus n Ê h = 4 Total outcomes, n (S) = 6

Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5.
P (number divisible by 2 and 3)
n Ê h = 3
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 4 n Ê h
n ^S h 25 P (prime no.), P Ê h = =3=1
n ^S h 6 2
29. A number is selected at random from 1 to 30. Find
the probability that it is a prime number. 33. In tossing a die, what is the probability of getting an
odd number or number less than 4 ?
Number of possible outcomes, Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
n (S) = 30 Total outcome, n (S) = 6

Odd numbers are 1, 3, 5 and number less than 4 are 1,
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,
2, 3. Thus there are 4 favourable outcome.
23 and 29.
n Ê h = 4
Number of favourable outcomes,n Ê h = 10 P (an odd no. or a no. <4),
n Ê h n Ê h 4
P (prime ), P Ê h = = 10 = 1 P Ê h = = =2
n ^S h 30 3 n ^S h 6 3
30. A box contains 90 discs, numbered from 1 to 90. If one
34. Find the probability of getting a sum of 9, when two
disc is drawn at random from box, find the probability
dice are thrown simultaneously.
that it bears a prime number less than 23.
If two dice are thrown there are 6 # 6 = 36 possible
Number of possible outcomes,
outcomes. Thus there are 4 favourable outcome (3, 6),
n (S) = 90 (6, 3), (4, 5) and (5, 4). In these case sum of both
Prime numbers less than 23 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19. faces are 9.
Number of favourable outcomes Number of total outcomes,
n Ê h = 8 n (S) = 36
P (prime no. less than 23) Number of favourable outcomes
n Ê h n Ê h = 4
P Ê h = = 8 = 4
n ^S h 90 45 n Ê h
P Ê h = = 4 =1
31. From the number 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 9, one number n ^S h 36 9
is selected at random, what is the probability that the
35. Can 1.1 be probability of an event ? Favourable outcomes is only 2 i.e. there is one possible
outcome.
No. Since the probability of an event cannot n (E) = 1

be more than 1. P (getting an even prime number),
n (E)
36. A bag contains 3 red and 5 black balls. A P (E) = =1
n (S) 6
ball is drawn at random from the bag. What is the
40. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If the
probability that the drawn ball is not red ?
probability of drawing a blue ball at random from the
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] bag is three times that of a red ball, find the number
There are total 3 + 5 = 8 balls in bag. Thus total of blue balls in the bag.
possible outcomes,
n (S) = 8
Let x be blue balls.
5 black balls are not red. Thus favourable outcome
Total balls, n (S) = 5 + x
n Ê h = 5
n (R) = 5 and n (B) = x
P (drawn ball is not red),
n ^Rh
n Ê h P (red ball), P (R) = = 5
P Ê h = =5 n ^S h 5+x
n ^S h 8
n ^B h
P (blue ball), P (R) = = x
37. If three different coins are tossed together, then find n ^S h 5+x
the probability of getting two heads. As per question we have
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017] x = 3#5
5+x 5+x
All possible outcomes are {HHH, THH, HTH, HHT,
TTT, TTH, THT, HTT}. Thus x = 15
Number of possible outcomes, Hence, bag contains 15 blue balls.
n (S) = 8
PRACTICE
 A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If
n Ê h = 3 the probability of drawing a blue ball is double
P (getting two heads), that of red ball, determine the number of blue
n Ê h balls in the bag.
P Ê h = =3
n ^S h 8 [Board Term-2 2013]
Ans : 10
38. A number x is chosen from 25, 24, 23, - 2, - 1, 0, 1,
2, 3. Find the probability that x < 3 .
 A bag contains 15 white and some black balls. If
the probability of drawing a black ball from the
Total possible outcomes, bag is thrice that of drawing a white ball, find the
n (S) = 9 number of blackballs in the bag.
Favourable outcome are - 2, - 1, 0, 1, and 2. [Board Term-2 2016]
Favourable outcomes n (E) = 5 Ans : 45
n (E)
P ` x < 3j = =5
n (S) 9  A bag contains 6 red balls and some blue balls. If
the probability of drawing a blue ball from the
39. A die thrown once. What is the probability of getting bag is twice that of a red ball, find the number of
an even prime number? blue balls in the bag.
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] [Board Term-2 2012]
Total possible outcomes of die is 6. Ans : 12
n (S) = 6
41. If a pair of dice is thrown once, then what is the Probability of getting at least one head,
probability of getting a sum of 8? n (E)
P (E) = =3
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] n (S) 4
Number of possible outcomes,
44. A pair of dice is thrown once. What is the probability
n (S) = 62 = 36 of getting a doublet?
The favourable outcomes are (sum of getting 8)
{(2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2)} i.e. 5 outcomes.
There are total 6 = 36 possible outcomes. Thus
2
Number of favourable outcome,

n (S) = 36
n (E) = 5
Favourable outcomes are (1, 1), (2, 2 ), (3, 3), (4, 4),
Probability (getting sum of 8), (5, 5) and (6, 6).
n (E)
P (E) = = 5 Number of favourable outcomes,
n (S) 36
n (E) = 6
PRACTICE P (getting doublet),
n (E)
 Two different dice are thrown together, find the P (E) = = 6 =1
n (S) 36 6
probability that the sum of the numbers appeared
is less than 5. 45. A die is thrown once. What is the probability of
[Board 2020 OD Basic] getting a prime number.
1
Ans : 6
There are 6 possible outcome for a die.

 Two dice are rolled simultaneously. Find the n (S) = 6
probability that the sum of numbers appearing is Favourable outcome are 1 and 2 i.e. two outcome.
10.
n (E) = 2
Ans : 1
12
P (number less than 3),
n (E)
P (E) = =2 =1
n (S) 6 3
42. In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. What 46. If a number x is chosen at random from the numbers
is the probability of getting a prize? - 3 , - 2 , - 1. 0, 1, 2, 3, then find the probability of
x2 < 4 .
Total number of possible outcomes, Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Possible outcome are - 3 , - 2 , - 1. 0, 1, 2, 3 i.e 7

n (S) = 10 + 25 = 35
outcomes.
Total number of prizes,
Thus n (S) = 7
n (E) = 10
Favourable outcomes are x2 < 4 i.e. = - 1, 0, 1.
Probability of getting a prize,
n (E) = 3
n (E)
P (E) = = 10 = 2 n (E)
n (S) 35 7 P (x2 < 4), P (E) = =3
n (S) 7
43. Two different coins are tossed simultaneously, What is
the probability of getting at least one head? PRACTICE
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi OD Basic]  If a number x is chosen a random from the number
All possible outcomes are {HH, HT, TH, TT}. - 3 , - 2 , - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3. What is probability that
x2 # 4 ?
Thus n (S) = 4
5
Favourable outcomes are {HT, TH, HH}. Ans : 7
n (E) = 3
 A number is chosen at random from the numbers 5 on it.

- 3, - 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 . What will be the
probability that square of this number is less than
or equal to 1. No. of cards n (S) = 20
[Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] Multiples of 5 from 11 to 30 are 15, 20, 25 and 30 i.e
Ans : 3
7 4 numbers .
Thus number of favourable outcomes,
n (E) = 4
47. A bag contains cards with numbers written on it
from 1–80. A card is pulled out at random. Find the
n Ê h
probability that the card shows a perfect square. P Ê h = = 4 =1
n ^S h 20 5
51. Two different dice are tossed together. Find the
We have S = "1, 2........... 80, probability :
Number of possible outcomes, (i) that the number on each die is even.
n ^S h = 80 (ii) that the sum of numbers appearing on the two
Favourable outcome are {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64} dice is 5.
Number of favourable outcomes, Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2014]
n Ê h = 8 In both case, n (S) = 36

n Ê h (i) Even numbers events are (2, 2) (2, 4) (2, 6) (4, 2)
P Ê h = = 8 = 1
n ^S h 80 10 (4, 4) (4, 6) (6, 2), (6,4) and (6, 6) which are 9 event.
48. A bag contains 6 red and 5 blue balls. Find the n (E1) = 9
probability that the ball drawn is not red. P (number of each die is even),
n (E1)
Sol : [Board Term-2 2014, 2015] P (E1) = = 9 =1
n (S) 36 4
No. of possible outcomes,
(ii) Sum of numbers is 5 in (1, 4) (2, 3) (3, 2) (4, 1)
n (S) = 6 + 5 = 11
n (E2) = 4
Since 5 blue balls are favourable outcome,
P (sum of numbers appearing on two dice is 5)
n Ê h = 5
n Ê2h
n Ê h P Ê2h = = 4 =1
P (not red), P Ê h = = 5 n ^S h 36 9
n ^S h 11
52. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at random, find
49. There are 30 cards of the same size in a bag in which the probability that the letter so chosen is :
the numbers 1 to 30 are written. One card is taken (i) a vowel,
out of the bag at random. Find the probability that
(ii) a consonant.
the number on the selected card is not divisible by 3.
Since total number in English alphabet is 26, in which
Total cards n (S) = 30 5 vowels and 21 consonants.
Number divisible by 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 In both case total possible outcome
and 30 i.e 10 numbers.
n (S) = 26
(i) a vowel,
n Ê h = 30 - 10 = 20
n (E1) = 5
n (E1)
n Ê h P (E1) = = 5
P Ê h = = 20 = 2 n (S) 26
n ^S h 30 3 (ii) a consonant,
50. A bag contains cards bearing numbers from 11 to 30. n (E2) = 21
A card is taken out from the bag at random. Find
n Ê2h
the probability that the selected card has multiple of P Ê2h = = 21
n ^S h 26
53. Harpreet tosses two different coins simultaneously. Total number of possible outcomes are 3 + 4 + 5 = 12.
What is the probability that she gets : n (S) = 12
(i). at least one head ?
When candles not red, there are 9 possibilities,
(ii) one head and one tail ?
n Ê h = 9
P (candle is not red),
All possible outcomes are {HH, TT, TH, HT}
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 9 =3
n (S) = 4 n ^S h 12 4
(i) At least one head,
56. In a family of two children find the probability of
All favourable outcome are {HH, TH, HT}
having at least one girl.
n (E1) = 3
n (E1)
P (E1) = =3 All possible outcomes,
n (S) 4
(ii) One head and one tail S = {GG, GB, BG, BB}
All favourable outcome are {TH, HT} Total number of possible outcomes,
n (E2) = 2 n (S) = 4
n Ê2h Favourable outcomes are GG, GB and BG.
P Ê2h = =2=1
n ^S h 4 2 Thus n Ê h = 3
54. A bag contains 5 red, 8 green and 7 white balls. P (at least one girl),
One ball is drawn at random from the bag, find the n Ê h
P Ê h = =3
probability of getting : n ^S h 4
(i) not a white ball,
57. Find the probability that a leap year has 53 Sundays
(ii) neither a green nor a red ball.
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012, 2014]
Bag contains 5 red, 8 green and 7 white balls i.e. total 366 days = 52 weeks + 2 days
20 ball. 2 days can be MT, TW, WTh, ThF, FS, SS, SM out
Total number of possible outcomes, of which SS and SM are favourable outcome.
n (S) = 20 Total number of possible outcomes,
(i) not a white ball, n (S) = 7

There are 5 red and 8 green balls which are not white. Thus number of favourable outcome,
Thus number of favourable outcome, n Ê h = 2
n (E1) = 13 n Ê h
P Ê h = =2
P (not a white ball), n ^S h 7
n (E1) 58. Two coins are tossed together. Find the probability of
P (E1) = = 13
n (S) 20 getting both heads or both tails.
(ii) neither a green nor a red ball. Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
There are 7 white balls which are neither a green nor Possibilities are HH, HT TH, TT out of which HH
a red ball. and TT are favourable.
n (E2) = 7 n (S) = 4
P (neither a green nor a red ball)
n Ê h = 2
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 7 n Ê h
n ^S h 20 P (HH or TT), P Ê h = =2=1
n ^S h 4 2
55. A bag contains 3 red, 4 green and 5 white candles,
59. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52
one candle is drawn at random from the bag, find the
cards. Find the probability of getting :
probability that candle is not red.
(i) a non face card,
(ii) a black king. 62. A box contains cards numbered 11 to 123. A card is
drawn at random from the box. Find the probability
that the number of the drawn card is
Total cards, n (S) = 52
(i) A perfect square number
(i) There are 12 face cards and thus 40 non-
(ii) A multiple of 7.
face cards.
n (E1) = 40
Total number of all possible outcomes,
n (E1)
P (non-faces), P (E1) = = 40 = 10 n (S) = 113
n (S) 52 13
(ii) There are 2 black king (i) Perfect square numbers between 11 to 123 are 16,
n (E2) = 2 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 and 121.
n Ê2h No. of all favourable outcomes
P (black king), P Ê2h = = 2 = 1
n ^S h 52 26 n (E1) = 8
60. A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20 are defective P (Number drawn is perfect square),
and others are good. Nuri will buy a pen if it is good, n (E1)
P (E1) = = 8
but will not buy if it is defective. The shopkeeper n (S) 113
draws one pen at random and gives it to her. What is (ii) No. of multiples of 7 from 11 to 123 is 16 i.e 14,
the probability that : 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105, 112
(i) she will buy it ? and 119.
(ii) she will not buy it ? No. of all favourable outcomes.
n (E2) = 16
P (number drawn card is multiple of 7)
Total no. of pens, n (S) = 144
n Ê2h
n (E) = 144 - 20 = 124 P Ê2h = = 16
No. of good pen, n ^S h 113
Probability of purchasing pen,
63. A box contains 12 balls of which some are red in
n Ê h colour. If 6 more red balls are put in the box and a
P Ê h = = 124 = 31
n ^S h 144 36 ball is drawn at random the probability of drawing
Probability of not purchasing pen, a red ball doubles than what it was before. Find the
P Ê h = 1 - P Ê h number of red balls in the bag.
Sol :
= 1 - 5 = 31
36 36 Let x be red balls in the box out of 12 balls.
61. Two different dice are thrown together. Find the P (R) = x
probability that the product of the number appeared 12
is less than 18. After putting 6 red balls in the bag, total numbers of
balls in box is 12 + 6 = 18 and red ball are x + 6 .
There are 6 # 6 = 36 possible outcomes. Pl (R) = x + 6

18
n (S) = 36 According to the problem
Favourable outcomes are (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 5), 2# x = x+6
12 18
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 3), (6, 1), (6, 2), (1, 1), (1,
1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), 18x = 6x + 36 & x = 3
(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (2, 5) Hence there were 8 red ball.
and (4, 1).
No. of favourable outcomes,
n Ê h = 26
P (Product appears is less than 18)
n Ê h 64. An integer is chosen between 70 and 100. Find the
P Ê h = = 26 = 13 probability that it is
n ^S h 36 18
(i) a prime number (ii) divisible by 7

(4, 4), (4, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4) and (6, 6).
There are 29 integer from 70 to 100. Total number of Number of favourable outcomes
outcomes are 29 in both case.
n (E1) = 9
n (S) = 29
P (an even number on both dice),
(i) There are 6 prime numbers between 70 and 100
n (E1)
as 71, 73, 79, 83, 89 and 97 i.e. 6 favourable out- P (E1) = = 9 =1
come. n (S) 36 4
(ii) sum of two numbers more than 9
n (E1) = 6
Favourable outcome are (4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4),
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 6 (6, 5) and (6, 6).
n (S) 29
Number of favourable outcomes
(ii) There are 4 numbers between 70 and 100 n (E2) = 6
which are divisible by 7 as 77, 84, 91 and 98 i.e. 4
favourable outcome. P (sum of two numbers more than 9),
n (E2)
n (B) = 4 P (E2) = = 6 =1
n (S) 36 6
n (E2)
P (E2) = = 4
n (S) 29 67. In a family of three children, find the probability of
having at least two boys.
65. Find the probability that 5 Sundays occur in the
month of November of a randomly selected year. Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]

If there are three children in family all possible
outcome are {BBB, BBG, BGB, GBB, GGB, GBG,
Total no. of days in November = 30
BGG, GGG}.
So, it has 4 weeks and 2 days. 4 weeks have 4 Sundays. So, the total number of outcomes,
The two remaining days should be
n (S) = 23 = 8
Sunday, Monday
Monday, Tuesday At-least two of them are boys means all those cases
Tuesday, Wednesday in which we have either 2 or 3 boys. Thus favourable
Wednesday, Thursday outcome are {BBB, BBG, BGB, GBB}
Thursday, Friday Number of favourable outcome,
Friday, Saturday
n (E) = 4
Saturday, Sunday
Thus number of possible outcomes, The probability of having at least two boys
n (E) 4
n (S) = 7 P (E) = = =1
n (S) 8 2
Number of favourable outcome,
68. A child has a die whose six faces show the letters as
n (E) = 2 shown below:
So, the probability of getting 5 Sunday in the month A A B C C C
of November,
The die is thrown once. What is the probability of
n (E)
P (E) = =2 getting (i) A, (ii) C ?
n (S) 7
66. Two dice are tossed simultaneously. Find the Total possible outcomes, n (S) = 6
probability of getting (i) Probability of getting letter A,
(i) an even number on both dice. n (E1) = 2 .
(ii) the sum of two numbers more than 9.
n (E1)
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic] P (E1) = =2 =1
n (S) 6 3
There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices. (ii) Probability of getting letter C ,
n (S) = 36 n (E2) = 3
(i) an even number on both dice. n (E2)
P (E2) = =1
Favourable outcome are (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (4, 2) n (S) 6
PRACTICE n (E2) = 3
 A child has a die whose six faces show the letters P (lies between 2 and 6),
as shown below:
n (E2)
A B C D E A P (E2) = =3=1
The die is thrown once. What is the probability of n (S) 6 2
getting (i) A, (ii) D ? 71. A die is thrown twice. Find the probability that
[Board 2020 OD Standard] (i) 5 will come up at least once.
Ans : 1
3 , 1
6 (ii) 5 will not come up either time.
=
There are 6 # 6 36 possible outcome. Thus sample
69. A game consists of tossing a coin 3 times and noting space for two die is
the outcome each time. If getting the same result in
all the tosses is a success, find the probability of losing n (S) = 36
the game. (i) 5 will come up at least once
Favourable case are (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5),
(5, 6) (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5) and (6, 5)thus 11 case.
Possible outcomes are {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, Number of favourable outcome,
TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}.
n (E1) = 11
Total possible outcomes,
Probability that 5 will come up at least once,
n (S) = 23 = 8 n (E1)
Number of outcomes where the game lost, P (E1) = = 11
n (S) 36
n (E) = 8 - 2 = 6 (ii) 5 will not come up either time
Probability that 5 will come up either time
Probability of losing the game,
P (E ) = 1 - P (E)
n (E)
P (E) = =6 =3
n (S) 8 4 = 1 - 11 = 36 - 11 = 25
36 36 36
PRACTICE 72. Two different dice are tossed together. Find the
 A game consists of tossing a one-rupee coin 3 probability:
times and noting the outcome each time. Ramesh (i) of getting a doublet
(ii) of getting a sum 10, of the numbers on the two
will win the game if all the tosses show the same
dice.
result, (i.e either all three heads or all three tails)
and loses the game otherwise. Find the probability Sol : [Board 2018]
that Ramesh will lose the game. There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices.
[Board Term-2 Foreign 2016, Delhi 2017]
3
n (S) = 36
Ans : 4
(i) of getting a doublet
Doublets are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5) and
(6, 6) which are 6 doublets.
70. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a
number which (i) is a prime number (ii) lies between Number of favourable outcomes,
2 and 6. n (E1) = 6
Sol : n (E1)
= 6 =1
[Board 2019 Delhi]
P (doublet), P (E1) =
Total outcomes n (S) = 6 n (S) 36 6
(ii) of getting a sum 10, of the numbers on the two
(i) is a prime number
dice.
Prime numbers are 2, 3 and 5. Favourable outcomes are (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4) i.e., 3.
n (E1) = 3 Number of favourable outcomes,
P (prime no.), n (E2) = 3
n (E1)
P (E1) = =3=1 P (sum 10), P (E2) =
n (E2)
= 3 = 1
n (S) 6 2 n (S) 36 12
(ii) lies between 2 and 6
73. An integer is chosen at random between 1 and 100. Probability of drawing black colour card
Find the probability that it is: n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 26 = 13
(i) divisible by 8. n ^S h 46 23
(ii) not divisible by 8.
75. A bag contains cards numbered 1 to 49. Find the
Sol : [Board 2018]
probability that the number on the drawn card is :
Total number of outcomes,
(i) an odd number
n (S) = 100 - 2 = 98
(ii) a multiple of 5
(i) divisible by 8.
(iii) Even prime
Favourable outcomes are 8, 16, 24, ..., 96, i.e., 12.
Total cards, n (S) = 49
n (E1) = 12
(i) an odd number
P (Divisible by 8),
n (E1) Odd number are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17,
P (E1) = = 12 = 6
n (S) 98 49 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47
(ii) not divisible by 8. and 49.
P (not divisible by 8), Total odd number, n (E1) = 25
P (E ) = 1 - P (E) n (E1) n Ô h
P (odd number), P (E1) = = = 25
n (S) n ^S h 49
= 1 - 6 = 43
49 49 (ii) a multiple of 5
74. From a pack of 52 playing cards, Jacks, Queens and Multiple of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45.
Kings of red colour are removed. From the remaining, Total multiple of 5 number,
a card is drawn at random. Find the probability that n (E2) = 5
drawn card is
n Ê2h
(i) a black king, P (multiple of 5), P Ê2h = = 9
n ^S h 49
(ii) a card of red colour, (iii) Even prime
(iii) a card of black colour. Only 2 is even prime number. Therefore
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] n (E3) = 1
There are total 52 cards out of which 6 cards are n Ê3h
P (even prime), P (E3) = = 1
removed. n ^S h 49
Total number of all possible outcomes, 76. Two unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously. Find
n (S) = 52 - 6 = 46 the probability of getting :
Number of black king, (i) at least one head,
n (E1) = 2 (ii) almost one head,
(iii) no head.
(i) a black king,
Probability of drawing black king Sol : [Board Term-2 2012, 2014]
n (E1) There are 4 possible outcome when two unbiased coins

P (E1) = = 2 = 1 are tossed simultaneously.
n (S) 46 23
(ii) a card of red colour, Sample space S ={HH, HT, TH, TT}
Total red card, n (S) = 4
n (E2) = 26 - 6 = 20 (i) at least one head,
Probability of drawing red colour card Favourable outcomes are {HT, TH, HH}.
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 20 = 10 n (E1) = 3
n ^S h 46 23
n (E1)
(iii) a card of black colour. P (E1) = =3
n (S) 4
Total card of black colour, (ii) almost one head,
n (E3) = 26 Favourable outcomes are {HT, TH, HH}.
n (E2) = 3 n (E1) = 9
n Ê2h P (a prime number on each die)
P Ê2h = =3
n ^S h 4 n (E1)
P (E1) = = 9 =1
(iii) no head. n (S) 36 4
Favourable outcomes is {TT} only. (ii) a total of 9 or 11 ?
n (E3) = 1 Favourable outcomes are (3, 6) (4, 5) (5, 4) (6, 3) (5,
6) and (6, 5) i.e. 6 outcomes.
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = =1
n ^S h 4 n (E1) = 6
P (a total of 9 or 11)
Three different coins are tossed together. Find the
n Ê2h
77.
probability of getting P Ê2h = = 6 =1
n ^S h 36 6
(i) exactly two heads.
(ii) at least two heads 79. A box consists of 100 shirts of which 88 are good, 8
(iii) at least two tails. have minor defects and 4 have major defects. Ramesh,
a shopkeeper will buy only those shirts which are good
but ‘Kewal’ another shopkeeper will not buy shirts
Sample space for three coins tossed is {HHH, HHT, with major defects. A shirt is taken out of the box at
HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT} random. What is the probability that :
n ^S h = 8 (i) Ramesh will buy the selected shirt ?
(i) Exactly two heads (ii) Kewal will buy the selected shirt ?
Sample space E1 ={HHT, HTH, THH} Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
Since box consists of 100 shirts, there are 100 possible

n (E1) = 3
outcomes.
n (E1)
P (E1) = =3 n ^S h = 100
n (S) 8
(ii) At least two heads. (i) Ramesh will buy the selected shirt ?
Number of good shirts
Sample space E2 = {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH}
n (E1) = 88
n (E2) = 4
P (Ramesh buys the shirt).
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = =4=1 n (E1)
n ^S h 8 2 P (E1) = = 88 = 22
n (S) 100 25
(iii) At least two tails,
(ii) Kewal will buy the selected shirt ?
Sample space E3 ={TTH, THT, HTT, TTT} Number of shirts without major defect,
n (E3) = 4 n (E2) = 88 + 8 = 96
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = =4=1 P (Kewal buys a shirt)
n ^S h 8 2 n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 96 = 24
78. In a single throw of a pair of different dice, what is the n ^S h 100 25
probability of getting PRACTICE
(i) a prime number on each dice ?
 A box contains 125 shirts of which 110 are good
(ii) a total of 9 or 11 ?
12 have minor defects and 3 have major defects.
Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] Ram Lal will buy only those shirts which are good
When two dice are thrown there are 6 # 6 = 36 while Naveen will reject only those which have
possible outcomes. major defects. A shirt is taken out at random
n (S) = 36 from the box. Find the probability that :
(i) Ram Lal will buy it
(i) a prime number on each dice ?
(ii) Naveen will buy it
Favourable outcomes are (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 5) (3, 2) (3,
3) (3, 5) (5, 2) (5, 3) and (5, 5) i.e. 9 outcomes. 122
Ans : 22
25 , 125
80. A box contains 100 cards marked from 1 to 100. If Required probability,
one card is drawn at random from the box, find the n (E1)
probability that it bears : P (E1) = = 3
n (S) 100
(i) a single digit number (ii) is a prime number greater than 80.
(ii) a number which is a perfect square Prime numbers greater than 80 and less than 100 are
(iii) a number which is divisible by 7 83, 89 and 97 i.e 3 numbers.
Sol : [Board Term-2 2016] n (E2) = 3
Since box consists of 100 cards, there are 100 possible Required probability,
outcomes. n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 3
n ^S h = 100 n ^S h 100
(i) a single digit number 82. Cards numbered 2 to 101 are placed in a box. A card is
Number of favourable outcomes, selected at random from the box, find the probability
that the card selected :
n (E1) = 9
(i) has a number which is a perfect square.
P (single digit number),
(ii) has an odd number which is not less than 70.
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 9 Sol :
n (S) 100 [Board Term-2 2012]
(ii) a number which is a perfect square Since box consists of 100 cards, there are 100 possible
Perfect square number are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, outcomes.
81 and 100. n ^S h = 100
No. of favourable outcomes, (i) has a number which is a perfect square.
n (E2) = 10 Perfect squares are 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 and
P (perfect square), 100.
n Ê2h Number of favourable outcomes,
P Ê2h = = 10 = 1
n ^S h 100 10 n (E1) = 9
(iii) a number which is divisible by 7 P (Perfect square),
Number divisible by 7 are 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, n (E1)
63, 70, 77, 84, 91 and 98 i.e. 14 numbers. P (E1) = = 9
n (S) 100
No. of favourable outcomes, (ii) has an odd number which is not less than 70.
n (E3) = 14 Favourable outcomes are 71, 73, 75, ......101.
P (a number divisible by 7), Number of favourable outcomes,
n Ê3h n (E2) = 16
P Ê3h = = 14
n ^S h 100 P (odd number not less than 70),
There are 100 cards in a bag on which numbers from n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 16 = 4
81.
1 to 100 are written. A card is taken out from the bag n ^S h 100 25
at random. Find the probability that the number on 83. All red face cards are removed from a pack of playing
the selected card. cards. The remaining cards are well shuffled and
(i) is divisible by 9 and is a perfect square. then a card is drawn at random from them. Find the
(ii) is a prime number greater than 80. probability that the drawn card is :
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] (i) a red card
Since bag consists of 100 cards, there are 100 possible (ii) a face card
outcomes. (iii) a card of clubs
n ^S h = 100 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
(i) is divisible by 9 and is a perfect square. Since red face cards are removed, number of all
Number divisible by 9 and perfect square are 9, 36 possible outcomes are 52 - 6 = 46
and 81 i.e. 3 numbers. n (S) = 46
n (E1) = 3 (i) a red card
No. of remaining red cards, 85. Two different dice are thrown together. Find the
n (E1) = 26 - 6 = 20 probability of :
(i) getting a number greater than 3 on each die.
n (E1)
P (red card), P (E1) = = 20 = 10 (ii) getting a total of 6 or 7 of the numbers on two
n (S) 46 26
(ii) a face card dice.
Number of remaining face cards, Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
n (E2) = 12 - 6 = 6 When two dice are thrown there are 6 # 6 = 36

possible outcomes.
P (a face card),
n (S) = 36
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 6 = 3
n ^S h 46 23 (i) getting a number greater than 3 on each die.
(iii) a card of clubs Favourable outcomes are (4, 5), (4, 4), (4, 6), (5, 4),
Number of cards clubs (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4), (6, 5) and (6, 6).
n (E3) = 13 No. of favourable outcomes,
P (a card of clubs), n (E1) = 9
n Ê3h P (a number > 3 on each die)
P Ê3h = = 13
n ^S h 46
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 9 =1
84. The probability of selecting a red ball at random from n (S) 36 4
a jar that contains only red, blue and orange balls is (ii) getting a total of 6 or 7 of the numbers on two
1
4 . The probability of selecting a blue ball at random
dice.
from the same jar is 13 . If the jar contains 10 orange Favourable outcomes are (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2),
balls, find the total number of ball in the jar. (5, 1), (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2) and (6, 1).
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] No. of favourable outcomes n (B) = 11
Probability of red ball, P (R) = 1 P (a total of 6 to 7),

4
n Ê2h
1 P Ê2h = = 11
Probability of blue ball, n (B) =
3 n ^S h 36
Probability of orange, 86. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52
P (O) = 1 - [P (R) + P (B)] cards. Find the probability of getting
(i) Non face card,
= 1 -b1 + 1l = 5
4 3 12 (ii) Black king or a Red queen,
n (O) (iii) Spade card.
Now P (O) =
n (S)
5 = 10
12 n (S) Total cards n (S) = 52
Total numbers of balls, (i) Non face card
n (S) = 10 # 12 = 24 Total number of non-face card,
5
n (E1) = 52 - 12 = 40
PRACTICE P (non-face cards),
 A bag contains, white, black and red balls only. n (E1)
P (E1) = = 40 = 10
A ball is drawn at random from the bag. If the n (S) 52 13
probability of getting a white ball is 103 and that (ii) Black king or a red queen,
of a black ball is 25 , then find the probability of Number of black kings = 2
getting a red ball. If the bag contains 20 black
Number of red queens = 2
balls, then find the total number of balls in the
bag. Thus there are 4 favourable outcome.
[Board Term-2 OD 2015] n (E2) = 4
Ans : 50 P (a black Kind or a red queen),
n Ê2h n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 4 = 1 P (at least two tails), P Ê2h = =4=1
n ^S h 52 13 n ^S h 8 2
(iii) Spade Card
89. One card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52
Number of spade cards, cards. Find the probability of getting :
n (E3) = 13 (i) a red face card,
P (Spade cards), (ii) a spade,
n Ê3h (iii) either a king or a black cards.
P Ê3h = = 13 = 1
n ^S h 52 4
Sol : [Board Term-2 2012, 2015]
87. Three coins are tossed simultaneously once. Find the Total cards, n (S) = 52
probability of getting : (i) Red face card
(i) at least one tail, Total number of red-face card,
(ii) no tail.
n (E1) = 6
P (red face cards)
Sample space for three coins tossed is {HHH, HHT, n (E1)
HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT} P (E1) = = 6 = 3
n (S) 52 26
n ^S h = 23 = 8 (ii) Spade card
(i) at least one tail, Number of spade cards
Number of favourable outcomes, n (E2) = 13
n (E1) = 7 P (Spade cards),
P (at least one tail), n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 13 = 1
n (E1) n ^S h 52 4
P (E1) = =7
n (S) 8 (iii) Black king or a red queen,
(ii) no tail, Number of kings = 4
Number of favourable outcomes, Number of black cards = 26 - 2 = 24
n (E2) = 1 Thus there are 4 favourable outcome.
n Ê2h
P (no tail), P Ê2h = =1 n (E3) = 24 + 4 = 28
n ^S h 8
P (a black Kind or a red queen)
A game consists of tossing a one-rupee coin n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 28 = 7
88.
three times and noting its outcome each time. n ^S h 52 13
Find the probability of getting :
90. Two dice are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 1, 1, 2, 2,
(i) three heads,
3, 3 respectively. They are thrown and the sum of the
(ii) at least two tails. numbers on them is noted. What is the probability of
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] getting even sum :
Sample space for three coins tossed is {HHH, HHT, Sol :
HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}. Total number of outcomes = 6 # 6 = 36
n ^S h = 23 = 8 Possible sum of two numbers on the two dice are 2, 3,
(i) three heads, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. i.e. outcomes favourable to event are
Favourable outcome is {HHH} i.e. only one outcome. (1, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 1), (1, 3), (1, 3), (3, 3),
(4, 2), (4, 2), (5, 1), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 3), (6, 2), (6, 2)
Thus n (E1) = 1
Hence, number of outcomes favourable to E is 18.
n (E1)
P (three heads), P (E1) = =1 n (S) = 36
n (S) 8
(ii) at least two tails. n (E) = 18
Favourable outcome are {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT}.
n (E)
n (E2) = 4 P (E) = = 18 = 1
n (S) 36 2
91. Three unbiased coins are tossed together. Find the 36x = 288
probability of getting :
x = 288 = 8
(i) at least two heads, 36
(ii) almost two heads. =
Now substituting x 8 we have
Sol : [Board Term-2 2015] P (R ) = 18 - 8 = 10 = 5
18 18 9
Sample space for three coins tossed is {HHH, HHT,
93. Cards numbered 1 to 30 are put in a bag. A card
HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}.
is drawn at random. Find the probability that the
n ^S h = 8 drawn card is
(i) Sample space for at least 2 heads is {HHH, HHT, (i) prime number > 7
HTH, THH} (ii) not a perfect square
n (E1) = 4
We have 30 cards and thus there are 30
P (at least two heads). possible outcomes.
n (E1)
P (E1) = =4=1 n (S) = 30
n (S) 8 2
(i) prime number > 7
(ii) Sample space for almost two heads is {HHT, HTH,
Favourable outcomes are 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29. Thus
TTT, THH, THT, TTH, HTT}
number of favourable outcomes,
n (E1) = 6
n (E2) = 7
n (E1)
n Ê2h P (prime no. > 7) P (E1) = = 6 =1
P ( almost 2 heads), P Ê2h = =7 n (S) 30 5
n ^S h 8 (ii) not a perfect square
92. A bag contains 18 balls out of which x balls are red. Favourable outcomes are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25. Thus number
(i) If one ball is drawn at random from the bag, what of favourable outcomes,
is the probability that it is not red ? P (not a perfect square),
(ii) If 2 more red balls are put in the bag, the n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 25 = 5
probability of drawing a red ball will be 98 times n ^S h 30 6
the probability of drawing a red ball in the first
94. Two dice are thrown at the same time. Find the
case. Find the value of x .
probability of getting :
(i) same number on both dice
Total ball, n (S) = 18 (ii) sum of two numbers appearing on both the dice is
Red ball n (R) = x 8.
(i) not red Sol : [Board Term-2 2012]
n (R) There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices.
P (red ball), P (R) = = x
n (S) 18
n (S) = 36
P (no red ball),
(i) same number on both dice
P (R ) = 1 - x = 18 - x Favourable outcome are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4),
18 18
(ii) Now two more red balls are added. (5, 5) and (6, 6).
Thus number of favourable outcome
Now total ball nl (S) = 18 + 2 = 20
There are total x + 2 red ball. n (E1) = 6
nl (R) = x + 2 P (Same number on both dice)
n (E1)
P (red balls), Pl (R) =
nl (R)
= x+2 P (E1) = = 6 =1
20 n (S) 36 6
nl (S)
Now, according to the question, (ii) sum of two numbers appearing on both the dice is
x+2 = 9 x 8.
20 8 # 18 Favourable outcome are (2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (6, 2) and
180x = 144x + 288 (5, 3). Thus number of favourable outcomes,
n (E2) = 5 (ii) Perfect square number

n Ê2h
P (Sum is 8), P Ê2h =
Sol :
= 5
n ^S h 36 We have 90 cards and thus there are 90 possible
outcomes.
95. Five cards, ten, Jack, Queen, King and Ace of
diamonds are well shuffled. One card is picked up n (S) = 90
from them. (i) No. of cards having 2 digit number 90 - 9 = 81.
(i) Find the probability that the drawn card is Number of favourable outcomes,
Queen.
n (E1) = 81
(ii) If Queen is put aside, then find the probability
that the second card drawn is an ace. P (selected card bears two digit number)
n (E1)
Sol : [Board Term-2 2014] P (E1) = = 81 = 9
n (S) 90 10
We have 5 cards and thus there are 5 possible (ii) Perfect square number between 1 to 90 are 1, 4, 9,
outcomes. 16, 25, 36, 49, 64 and 81 i.e. 9 numbers.
n (S) = 5 No. of favourable outcomes,
(i) Drawn card is queen n (E2) = 9
No. of favourable outcomes, P (perfect square numbers)
n (E1) = 1 n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 9 = 1
n (E1) n ^S h 90 10
P (queen), P (E1) = =1
n (S) 5
98. Two different dice are thrown together. Find the
(ii) second card drawn is an ace
probability that the number obtained :
Since, queen was kept, number of all possible outcomes
(i) have a sum less than 7.
n (S) = 5 - 1 = 4
(ii) have a product less than 16.
Number of favourable outcomes (iii) is a doublet of odd numbers.
n (E2) = 1
P (second card drawn is an ace), There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices.
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = =1 n (S) = 36
n ^S h 4
(i) have a sum less than 7.
96. From all the two digit numbers a number is chosen at Favourable outcome are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4),
random. Find the probability that the chosen number (1,5) (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3),
is a multiple of 7. (4, 1), (4, 2) and (5, 1).
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017] Number of favourable outcomes
All possible outcomes are 10, 11, 12 ........., 98 and 99. n (E1) = 15
No. of all possible outcomes P (have sum less than 7),
n (S) = 90 n (E1)
P (E1) = = 15 = 5
All favourable outcomes are 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, n (S) 36 12
63, 70, 77, 84, 91 and 98 i.e 13 outcome. (ii) have a product less than 16.
No. of favourable outcomes Favourable outcome are (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),
(1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,1), (3,
n Ê h = 13
2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 1), (5,
P (getting a number multiple of 7), 2), (5, 3), (6, 1) and (6, 2).
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 13 No. of favourable outcomes,
n ^S h 90
n (E2) = 24
97. A box contains cards, number 1 to 90. A card is drawn P (have a product less than 16),
at random from the box. Find the probability that the
n Ê2h
selected card bears a : P Ê2h = = 24 = 2
n ^S h 36 3
(i) Two digit number.
(iii) is a doublet of odd numbers. She get 36 only when she gets (6, 6),
Favourable outcome are (1, 1), (3, 3) and (5, 5). No. of favourable outcomes,
No. of favourable outcomes, n (E1) = 1
n (E3) = 3 P (getting the numbers of product 25)
P (a doublet of odd number), n (E1)
P (E1) = = 1
n Ê3h n (S) 36
P Ê3h = = 3 = 1
n ^S h 36 12 Pihu throws one dice. There are 6 total number of all
possible outcomes.
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS n (S) = 6
The number where square is 36 is 6.
99. What is the probability that a randomly taken leap No. of favourable outcomes,
year has 52 Sundays? n (E2) = 1
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard] P (getting a number whose square is 36)
n (E2)
Number of days in a leap year = 366 P (E2) = =1
n (S) 6
Number of weeks = 366 = 52.28 P (E2) > P (E1)
7
So, there will be 52 weeks and 2 days Hence, Pihu has better chances to the number square
So, every leap year has 52 Sundays 36.
Now, the probability depends on remaining 2 days 101. Peter throws two different dice together and finds the
The Possible pairing of days are product of the two numbers obtained. Rina throws a
Sunday - Monday die and squares the number obtained. Who has the
Monday - Tuesday better chance to get the numbers 25.
Tuesday - Wednesday Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]
Wednesday - Thursday Peter throws two dice together. There are 62 = 36
Thursday - Friday total number of possible outcomes.
Friday - Saturday n (S) = 36
Saturday - Sunday He get 25 only when he gets (5, 5),
There are total 7 pairs and out of 7 pairs, only 2 pairs No. of favourable outcomes,
have Sunday. The remaining 5 pairs does not include
Sunday. n (E1) = 1
n (S) = 7 P (getting the numbers of product 25),

n (E1) n (A)
n (A) = 5 P (E1) = = = 1
n (S) n (S) 36
n (A) Rina throws one dice. There are 6 total number of all
P (A) = =5
n (S) 7 possible outcomes.
Therefore, the probability of only 52 Sunday in a Leap n (S) = 6
year is 5 . The number where square is 25 is 5.
7
100. Jayanti throws a pair of dice and records the product No. of favourable outcomes,
of the numbers appearing on the dice. Pihu throws 1 n (E2) = 1
dice and records the squares the number that appears P (getting a number whose square is 25)
on it. Who has the better chance of getting the
n Ê2h
number 36? Justify? P Ê2h = =1
n ^S h 6
P (E2) > P (E1)
Jayanti throws two dice together. There are 62 = 36
Hence, Rina has better chances to the number square
total number of possible outcomes.
25.
n (S) = 36
102. The probability of selecting a blue marble at random
from a jar that contains only blue, black and green No. of favourable outcomes,
marbles is 15 . The probability of selecting a black n (E1) = 7
marble at random from the same jar is 14 . If the jar
contains 11 green marbles, find the total number of P (cards divisible by 7),
marbles in the jar. n (E1)
P (E1) = = 7
n (S) 48
(ii) A perfect square.
Let x and y be the number of blue and black marbles.
No of green marbles = 11 Number of cards having a perfect square are 4, 9, 16,
25, 36 and 49.
Total number of marbles = x + y + 11
According to the problem,
n (E2) = 6
P (black marbles) = 1
4 P (cards having a perfect square),
y
=1 n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 6 =1
x + y + 11 4 n ^S h 48 8
x = 3y - 11 ...(1) (iii) A multiple of 6.
Number of multiples of 6 from 3 to 50 are 6, 12, 24,
Again, P (blue marble) = 1
5 30, 36, 42, and 48.
x = 1 No. of favourable outcomes,
x + y + 11 5
n (E3) = 6
5x = x + y + 11
P (multiple of 6 from 3 to 50),
y + 11
x = ...(2) n Ê3h
4 P Ê3h = = 8 =1
From equation (1) and (2), we have n ^S h 48 6
y + 11 104. All the red face cards are removed from a pack of
3y - 11 =
4 52 playing cards. A card is drawn at random from
12y - 44 = y + 11 the remaining cards, after reshuffling them. Find the
12y - y = 11 + 44 probability that the drawn card is
(i) of red colour
11y = 55 & y = 5
(ii) a queen
From equation (1) we have (iii) an ace
x = 3 # 5 - 11 = 4 (iv) a face card.
Hence, total number of marbles in the jar, Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
x + y + 11 = 4 + 5 + 11 = 20 There are 52 - 6 = 46 cards after removing black face

cards. We have 46 cards and thus there are 48 possible
103. Cards marked with numbers 3, 4, 5, .........50 are outcomes.
placed in a bag and mixed thoroughly. One card is n (S) = 46
drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability
(i) red colour
that number on the card drawn is :
(i) Divisible by 7. Number of red cards, n (E1) = 26 - 6 = 20
n (E1)
(ii) A perfect square. P (red colour), P (E1) = = 20 = 10
n (S) 46 23
(iii) A multiple of 6.
(ii) a queen
No. of queen, n (E2) = 4 - 2 = 2
We have 48 cards and thus there are 48 possible
n Ê2h
outcomes. P (a queen), P Ê2h = = 2 = 1
n ^S h 46 23
n (S) = 48 (iii) an ace
(i) Divisible by 7. No. of ace, n (E3) = 4
Number of cards divisible by 7 are 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, n Ê3h
P (an ace), P Ê3h = = 4 = 2
35, 42 and 49. n ^S h 46 23
(iv) a face card Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
We have 70 - 5 = 65 cards and thus there are 65

Number of face cards, n (E 4) = 12 - 6 = 6
possible outcomes.
n Ê 4h
P (a face card) P Ê 4h = = 6 = 3 n (S) = 65
n ^S h 46 23
(i) a one digit number.
PRACTICE One digit numbers are 6, 7, 8 and 9.
 All the black face cards are removed from a pack Number of favourable outcomes
of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting a n (E1) = 4
(i) face card
P (one digit number),
(ii) red card
n (E1)
(iii) black card P (E1) = = 4
n (S) 65
(iv) king (ii) a number divisible by 5.
[Board Term-2 2014]
3 13 10 1
Number divisible by 5 are 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,
Ans : , , ,
23 23 23 23
45, 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 i.e. 13 numbers.
105. A box contains 20 cards from 1 to 20. A card is drawn n (E2) = 13

at random from the box. Find the probability that the P (a number divisible by 5),
number on the drawn card is n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 13 = 1
(i) divisible by 2 or 3 n ^S h 65 5
(ii) a prime number (iii) an odd number less than 30.
Odd number less than 30 are 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19
23, 25, 27 and 29.
We have 20 cards and thus there are 20 possible
outcomes. Number of favourable outcomes,
n (S) = 20 n (E3) = 12
(i) divisible by 2 or 3 P (a odd number less than 30),
n Ê3h 12
Number divisible by 2 or 3 are 6, 12, 18. P Ê3h = =
Number of favourable outcomes, n ^S h 65
(iv) a composite number between 50 and 70
n (E1) = 3
Composite number between 50 and 70 are 51, 52, 54,
P (divisible by 2 or 3), 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68 and 69.
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 3 Number of favourable outcomes,
n (S) 20
n (E 4) = 15
(ii) a prime number
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19 i.e 8 P (a composite number between 50 and 70)
n Ê 4h
numbers. P Ê 4h = = 15 = 3
Number of favourable outcomes, n ^S h 65 13
n (E2) = 8 107. A card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled deck

P (a prime no.), of playing cards. Find the probability that the card
n Ê2h drawn is :
P Ê2h = = 8 =2
n ^S h 20 5 (i) a card of spade or an ace.
(ii) a black king.
106. A box contains cards bearing numbers from 6 to 70. (iii) neither a jack nor a king.
If one card is drawn at random from the box, find the
(iv) either a king or a queen.
probability that it bears,
(i) a one digit number. Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
(ii) a number divisible by 5. We have 52 cards and thus there are 52 possible
(iii) an odd number less than 30. outcomes.
(iv) a composite number between 50 and 70. n (S) = 52
(i) a card of spade or an ace n (Rl ) = 15 - x + 5 = 20 - x .

Cards of spade or an ace, Now in this case probability of drawing red ball,
n (E1) = 13 + 3 = 16 nl (R) -
P (Rl ) = = 20 x
P (spade or an ace), nl (S) 20
n (E1) According to the question, we have
P (E1) = = 16 = 4
n (S) 52 13 P (Rl ) = 2P (R)
(ii) a black king 20 - x = 2 b 15 - x l
Number of black kings, 20 15
n (E2) = 2 1- x = 2- x 2
20 15
P (a black king),
2x - x = 2-1
n Ê2h 15 20
P Ê2h = = 2 = 1
n ^S h 52 26 8x - 3x =1
(iii) neither a jack nor a king 60
There are 4 + 4 = 8 Jack or king. 5x = 60 & x = 12
Number of neither jack nor a king, (i) P (red ball)
n (E3) = 52 - 8 = 44 n (R)
P (R) = = 15 - 12 = 3 = 1
n (S) 15 15 5
P (neither jack nor a king),
n Ê3h 44 11 (ii) P (blue ball)
P Ê3h = = =
n ^S h 52 13 P (R) =
n (B)
= 12 = 4
(iv) either a king or a queen n (S) 15 5
There are 4 + 4 = 8 king or queen. (iii) P (blue ball if of 5 extra red balls are actually
added)
n (E 4) = 8
nl (R)
Pl (R) = = 3+5 = 8 = 2
P (either a king or a queen), nl (S) 15 + 5 20 5
n Ê 4h
P Ê 4h = = 8 = 2 109. Three digit number are made using the digits 4, 5,
n ^S h 52 13
9 (without repetition). If a number among them is
108. A bag contains 15 balls of which x are blue and the selected at random, what is the probability that the
remaining are red. If the number of red balls are number will :
increased by 5, the probability of drawing the red (i) be a multiple of 5 ?
balls doubles. Find : (ii) be a multiple of 9 ?
(i) P (red ball) (iii) will end with 9 ?
(ii) P (blue ball)
(iii) P (blue ball if of 5 extra red balls are actually
added) Total number of three digit numbers are 459, 495, 549,
594, 945 and 954. Thus we have 6 possible outcomes.
n (S) = 6
Total ball, n (S) = 15
(i) be a multiple of 5
Blue ball n (B) = x Multiple of 5 are 495 and 945.
Red ball n (R) = 15 - x n (E1) = 2
Now probability of drawing red ball, P (multiple of 5),
n (R)
P (R) = = 15 - x ...(1) P (E1) =
n (E1)
=2=1
n (S) 15 n (S) 6 3
If the number of red balls are increased by 5, i.e. total (ii) be a multiple of 9
the probability of drawing the red balls doubles. All are multiple of 9.
In this case, number of total ball, n (E2) = 6
n (S l ) = 15 + 5 = 20
P (multiple of 9),
and number of red ball,
n Ê2h 6 A box contains 90 discs which are numbered 1 to 90.

P Ê2h =
112.
= =1
n ^S h 6 If one disc is drawn at random from the box, find the
(iii) will end with 9 probability that it bears
Numbers 459 and 549 ends with 9. (i) a two digit number,
n (E3) = 2 (ii) number divisible by 5.
P (ending with 9), Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
n Ê2h Total number of discs in the box are 90.

P Ê3h = =2=1
n ^S h 6 3 Thus we have 90 possible outcomes.
110. A number x is selected at random from the numbers n (S) = 90
1, 2, 3 and 4. Another number y is selected at random (i) a two digit number,
from the numbers 1, 4, 9 and 16. Find the probability Discs with two digit number are 10, 11, .....89 and 90
that product of x and y is less than 16. which are 81 numbers.
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] No. of favourable outcomes,
We have, n (E1) = 81
Total possible outcome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 8, 9, 12, P (a disc with two digit number)
16, 16, 18, 27, 32, 36 48 and 64 which are shown in
n (E1)
following table. P (E1) = = 81 = 9
n (S) 90 10
# 1 2 3 4 (ii) number divisible by 5
1 1 2 3 4 The numbers divisible by 5 between 1 to 90 are 5, 10,
15 ..... 85 and 90 which are 18 numbers.
4 4 8 12 16
9 9 18 27 36
n (E2) = 18
16 16 32 48 64
P (a disc with a number divisible by 5)
There are 16 possible outcomes, n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 18 = 1
n (S) = 16 n ^S h 90 5
Total favourable number having product less than 16 113. Cards on which numbers 1, 2, 3 .......... 100 are written
are 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 8, 9 and 12. (one number on one card and no number is repeated),
Number of favourable outcomes put in a bag and are mixed thoroughly. A card is
n (E) = 8 drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability
that card taken out has
P (product of x and y is less than 16), (i) an even number
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 8 =1 (ii) a number which is a multiple of 13.
n ^S h 16 2 (iii) a perfect square number.
111. Two different dice are rolled together once. Find the (iv) a prime number less than 20.
probability of numbers coming on the tops whose Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt 2017]
product is a perfect square. There are 100 cards in bags. Thus we have 100 possible
Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017] outcomes.
There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices. n (S) = 100
n (S) = 36 (i) an even number
Favourable outcome are (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4) (5, 5), Even numbers 1 to 100 are 50.
(6, 6), (1, 1), (4, 1) and (1, 4). Number of favourable outcomes,
Number of favourable outcomes n (E1) = 50
n (E) = 8 P (an even number),
P (product is a prefect square), n (E1)
P (E1) = = 50 = 1
n (E) n (S) 100 2
P (E) = = 8 =2 (ii) A number which is a multiple of 13
n (S) 36 9
Numbers multiples of 13, 26, 39, 52, 65, 78 and 91.

No. of favourable outcomes, Probability of getting even product is 3 or 0.75.
4
n (E2) = 7
115. From a deck of 52 playing cards, Jacks and kings of
P (card taken out has multiple of 13),
red colour and Queen and Aces of black colour are
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 7 removed. The remaining cards are mixed and a card
n ^S h 100 is drown at random. Find the probability that the
(iii) a perfect square number drawn card is
Perfect square number in 1 to 100 are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, (i) a black queen
36, 49, 64, 81 and 100. (ii) a card of red colour
No. of all favourable outcomes, (iii) a Jack of black colour
n (E3) = 10 (iv) a face card
P (perfect square number), Sol : [Board Term-2 OD Compt 2017]
n Ê3h There are 52 - ^2 + 2 + 2 + 2h = 44 cards in deck.

P Ê3h = = 10 = 1
n ^S h 100 10 Thus we have 44 possible outcomes.
(iv) a prime number less than 20
n (S) = 44
Prime numbers less than 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17
and 19. (i) a black queen
No. of all favourable outcomes, Number of black Queens in the deck,
n (E 4) = 8 n (E1) = 0
P (getting a black queen),
P (prime number less than 20),
n (E1)
n Ê 4h P (E1) = = 0 =0
P Ê 4h = = 8 = 2 n (S) 44
n ^S h 100 25
Hence it is an impossible event
114. Two different dice are thrown together. Find the (ii) a card of red colour
probability that the numbers obtained have Number of red cards,
(i) even sum, and (ii) even product. n (E2) = 26 - 4 = 22
Sol : P (getting a red card),
There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices. n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 22 = 1
n (S) = 36 n ^S h 44 2
(i) even sum (iii) a Jack of black colour
Favourable outcome are (1, 3), (1, 5), (1, 1), (2, 2), Number of Jacks (black),
(2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 1) (3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6), n (E3) = 2
(5, 1), (5, 3) (5, 5) (6, 2), (6, 4) and (6, 6). P (getting a black coloured Jack),
Number of favourable outcomes, n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 2 = 1
n (E1) = 18 n ^S h 44 22
n (E1) (iv) a face card
P (even sum), P (E1) = = 18 = 1 or 0.5
n (S) 36 2 Number of face cards in the deck,
(ii) Even product n (E 4) = 12 - 6 = 6
Favourable outcome are (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), P (getting a face card),
(2,2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6),
n Ê 4h
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 2) (5, 4), P Ê 4h = = 6 = 3
n ^S h 44 22
(5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5) and (6, 6).
Number of favourable outcomes 116. A bag contains 20 balls out of which x balls are red.
n (E2) = 27 (i) If one ball is drawn at random from the bag, find
P (have a product less than 16), the probability that it is not red.
(ii) If 4 more red balls are out into the bag, the
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 27 = 3 = 0.75 probability of drawing a red ball will be 54 times
n ^S h 36 4
the probability of drawing a red ball in the first Total possible outcomes,
case. Find the value of x . n (S) = 36
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] Favourable outcomes,
Total ball, n (S) = 20 n (E) = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
Red ball n (R) = x n (E)
p d a > 1n , P (E) = = 15 = 5
(i) not red b n (S) 36 12
n (R)
P (red ball), P (R) = = x 118. A bag contains 25 cards numbered from 1 to 25.
n (S) 20
A card is drawn at random from the bag. Find the
P (no red ball),
probability that the number on the drawn card is :
P (R ) = 1 - x = 20 - x ...(1) (i) divisible by 3 or 5
20 20
(ii) Now two more red balls are added. (ii) a perfect square number.
Total ball nl (S) = 20 + 4 = 24 Sol : [Board Term-2 2015)
There are total x + 4 red ball. Total cards n (S) = 25

nl (R) = x + 4 (i) divisible by 3 or 5
nl (R) Number divisible by 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 21, 24,
P (red balls), Pl (R) = = x+4 and number divisible by 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25.
nl (S) 24
Now, according to the question, Thus number divisible by 3 or 5,
x+4 = 5 x n (E1) = 12
24 4 # 20
x+4 = x P (divisible by 3 or 5),
24 16
n (E1)
16x + 64 = 24x P (E1) = = 12
n (S) 25
64 = 8x & x = 8 (ii) a perfect square number.
For first case, substituting x = 8 in equation (1) we Perfect square number are 1, 4, 9, 16 and 25.
have
n (E2) = 5
P (R ) = 20 - 8 = 12 = 3 P (a perfect square no.),
20 20 5
n Ê2h
117. In Figure a disc on which a player spins an arrow P Ê2h = = 5 =1
twice. The fraction ab is formed, where a is the number n ^S h 25 5
of sector on which arrow stops on the first spin and ‘b’ 119. A dice is rolled twice. Find the probability that :
is the number of the sector in which the arrow stops (i) 5 will not come up either time.
on second spin, On each spin, each sector has equal
(ii) 5 will come up exactly one time.
chance of selection by the arrow.
Find the probability that the fraction ab > 1 Sol : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
When a dice is rolled twice, total number of outcomes,

n (S) = 62 = 36
There are 25 outcomes when 5 not come up either
time.
Thus n (E1) = 25
P (5 will not come up either time),
n (E1)
Sol : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] P (E1) = = 25
n (S) 36
For b > 1, when a = 1, b can not take any value.
a
(ii) 5 will come up exactly one time.
For a = 2 , b can take 1 value i.e. 1.
Possible outcomes are (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5),
For a = 3 , b can take 2 values, i.e. 1 and 2. (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 6) and (6, 5).
For a = 4, b can take 3 values i.e. 1, 2, and 3.
n (E2) = 10
For a = 5, b can take 4 values i.e. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
P (5 will come up exactly one time)
For a = 6, b can take 5 values i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
n Ê2h 10 to select one for interview.

P Ê2h = = = 5
n ^S h 36 18 n (S) = 100
(i) Person is a woman (W) or a Republican (R),
COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS Let E1 be the event that the selected person is a
woman or a Republican.
120. Political survey questions are questions asked to Favourable outcome, n (E1) = 53 + 20 = 73
gather the opinions and attitudes of potential voters. n (E1)
Probability, P (E1) = = 73 = 0.73
Political survey questions help you identify n (S) 100
supporters and understand what the public (ii) Person is a democrat,
needs. Using such questions, a political Let E2 be the event that the selected person is
candidate or an organization can formulate democrat.
policies to gain support from these people.
Favourable outcome, n (E2) = 39
n (E2)
Probability, P (E2) = = 39 = 0.39
n (S) 100
(iii) Person is a Independent men,
Let E3 be the event that the selected person is
Independent men.
n (E3)
Probability, P (E3) = = 7 = 0.07
n (S) 100
(iv) Person is a Independent men or green party men,
Let E4 be the event that the selected person is
A survey of 100 voters was taken to gather information Independent men or green party men.
on critical issues and the demographic information Favourable outcome, n (E4) = 7 + 3 = 10
collected is shown in the table. One out of the 100 n (E4)
voters is to be drawn at random to be interviewed on Probability, P (E4) = = 10 = 0.1
n (S) 100
the India Today News on prime time. (v) Person is not a Independent Women or Republican
men,
Women Men Totals
Let E5 be the event that the selected person is not a
Republican 17 20 37 Independent Women or Republican men.
Democrat 22 17 39 Favourable outcome, n (E5) = 100 - (8 + 20) = 72
Independent 8 7 15 n (E5)
Probability, P (E5) = = 72 = 0.72
Green Party 6 3 5 n (S) 100
Totals 53 47 100 121. A large water bottling plant can remain at full
production as long as one of its two generators is
(i) What is the probability the person is a woman or functioning. Due to past experience and the age
a Republican ? difference between the systems, the plant
(ii) What is the probability the person is a Democrat manager estimates the probability of the main
? generator failing is 0.05, the probability of the
(iii) What is the probability the person is a Independent secondary generator failing is 0.01, and the
men ? probability of both failing is 0.007.
(iv) What is the probability the person is a Independent
men or green party men ?
(v) What is the probability the person is not a
Independent Women or Republican men ?
Sol :
Total possible outcomes in all case is 100 because
there are total 100 person and out of which we have
What is the probability the plant remains in full 123. A fire station gets an emergency call from a shopping
production today? mall in the mid-afternoon. From a study of traffic
patterns, Chief fire officer DK Jain knows the
Sol :
probability the most direct route is clogged
Although the answer may seem complicated, note
with traffic is 0.11, while the probability of
that probability the plant remains in full production
the secondary route being clogged is 0.13.
and the probability of both failing are complements.
The probability both are clogged is 0.03.
P (Full Production) = 1 - P (Both Generator Fail)
= 1 - 0.007 = 0.993
There is 99.3 % probability plant remains in full
production today.
122. A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in

water. They are similar in appearance and purpose to
aerofoils used by aeroplanes. Boats that use hydrofoil
technology are also simply termed hydrofoils.
As a hydrofoil craft gains speed, the hydrofoils
lift the boat’s hull out of the water, decreasing
drag and allowing greater speeds.
What is the probability they can respond to the call

unimpeded using one of these routes?
Sol :
Although the answer may seem complicated, note that
probability both route are clogged and the probability
that they can respond to the call unimpeded using
one of these routes are complements.
Inter-Island Waterways has just opened hydrofoil
service between several islands. The hydrofoil is P (Resnose) = 1 - P (Both Route are Clogged)
powered by two engines, one forward and one aft, and = 1 - 0.03 = 0.97
will operate if either of its two engines is functioning. There is 98 % probability hey can respond to the call
Due to testing and past experience, the company unimpeded using one of these routes.
knows the probability of the aft engine failing is P
(aft engine fails)= 0.05 the probability of the forward 124. Eight Ball : This is a game played on a pool table with
engine failing is P (forward engine fails)= 0.03, and 15 balls numbered 1 through 15 and a cue ball that is
the probability that both fail is P (both engines solid white. Of the 15 numbered balls, 8 are
simultaneously fail)= 0.013. What is the probability a solid (nonwhite) color and numbered 1
the hydrofoil completes its next trip? through 8, and seven are striped balls
Sol : numbered 9 through 15.
Although the answer may seem complicated, note
that P (trip is completed) and P (both engines
simultaneously fail) are complements.
P (trip is completed)
= 1 - P (both engines simul tan eously fail)
= 1 - 0.013 = 0.987
There is 99.7% probability the trip will be completed.
The fifteen numbered pool balls (no cueball) are
placed in a large bowl and mixed, then one is drawn 125. Double-six Dominos : It is a game played with the 28
out. numbered tiles shown in the diagram.
(i) What is the probability of drawing the eight ball ?
(ii) What is the probability of drawing a number
greater than fifteen ?
(iii) What is the probability of drawing an even
number ?
(iv) What is the probability of drawing a multiple of
three ?
(v) What is the probability of drawing a solid color
and an even number ?
Sol :
Total possible outcomes in all case is 15 because there
are total 15 ball and out of which we have to select
one ball.
Thus n (S) = 15
(i) The probability of drawing the eighth ball,
Let E1 be the event that the selected ball is the eight
ball.
n (E1)
Probability, P (E1) = = 1
n (S) 15
(ii) The probability of drawing a number greater than
fifteen ,
Let E2 be the event that the selected ball is having a
number greater than fifteen.
Favourable outcome, n (E2) = 0 The 28 dominos are placed in a bag, shuffled, and then
n (E2) one domino is randomly drawn. Give the following
Probability, P (E2) = = 0 =0
n (S) 15 answer.
(iii) The probability of drawing an even number, (i) What is the probability the total number of dots
Let E3 be the event that the selected ball is having an on the domino is three or less ?
even number i.e 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 (ii) What is the probability the total number of dots
Favourable outcome, n (E3) = 7 on the domino is greater than three ?
n (E3) (iii) What is the probability the total number of dots
Probability, P (E3) = = 7 on the domino does not have a blank half ?
n (S) 15
(iv) The probability of drawing a multiple of three, (iv) What is the probability the total number of dots
Let E4 be the event that the selected ball is having on the domino is not a “double” (both sides the
multiple of three i.e 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 same) ?
Favourable outcome, n (E4) = 5 Sol :
n (E4) Total possible outcomes in all case is 28 because there
Probability, P (E4) = = 5 =1 are total 28 dominos.
n (S) 15 3
(v) The probability of drawing a solid colour and an Therefore n (S) = 28
even number (i) Total number of dots on the domino is three or
Let E5 be the event that the that the selected ball is less,
having a solid colour and an even number i.e 2, 4, 6, 8. Let E1 be the event that the total number of dots on
Favourable outcome, n (E5) = 4 the domino is three or less.
n (E5) Favourable outcome, n (E1) = 6
Probability, P (E5) = = 4
n (S) 15
n (E1) If a family is selected at random, find the following

Probability, P (E1) = = 6 = 3
n (S) 28 14 probability.
(ii) Total number of dots on the domino is greater (i) Find the probability that the family has two or
than three, three children.
Let E2 be the event that the total number of dots on (ii) Find the probability that the family has more
the domino is greater than three. than one child.
Favourable outcome, n (E2) = 22 (iii) Find the probability that the family has less than
n (E2) three children.
n (S) 28 14 (iv) Based on the answers to parts (i), (ii) and (iii)
Alternative : which is most likely to occur? Explain why.
3 11 Sol :
P (E2) = 1 - P (E1) = 1 - 14 = 14
(iii) Total number of dots on the domino does not We make the following table for ease of calculation.
have a blank half, Children Frequency
Let E3 be the event that the total number of dots on
No children 51
the domino does not have a blank half . Let E3 be
the event that the total number of dots on the domino One child 20
have a blank half . Two child 19
Favourable outcome, n (E3) = 7 Three child 7
n (E3)
Probability, P (E3) = = 7 =1 Four or More child 3
n (S) 28 4
Total 100
Probability, P (E3) = 1 - P (E3)
Data are given in percentage however we have taken
= 1- 1 = 3 simple number out of 100. It doesn’t make any
3 4
(iv) Total number of dots on the domino is not a difference.
“double” (both sides the same) ? Total possible outcomes in all case is 100 because
Let E4 be the event that the total number of dots on frequency is 100 and out of which we have to select
the domino is not a double. Let E4 be the event that one.
the total number of dots on the domino is a double. Thus n (S) = 100
Favourable outcome, n (E4) = 7 (i) Family has two or three children,
n (E4) Let E1 be the event that the family has two or three
Probability, P (E4) = = 7 =1 children.
n (S) 28 4
Probability, P (E4) = 1 - P (E4) Favourable outcome, n (E1) = 19 + 7 = 26
n (E1)
= 1- 1 = 3 Probability, P (E1) = = 26 = 0.26
3 4 n (S) 100
(ii) Family has more than one child,
126. Family Structures : For a recent year, 51% of the Let E2 be the event that the family has more than
families in the United States had no children one child.
under the age of 18; 20% had one child; 19%
had two children; 7% had three children; and Favourable outcome, n (E2) = 19 + 7 + 3 = 29
n (E2)
3% had four or more children. Probability, P (E2) = = 29 = 0.29
n (S) 100
(iii) Family has less than three children,
Let E3 be the event that the family has less than
three children.
Favourable outcome, n (E3) = 51 + 20 + 19 = 90
n (E3)
Probability, P (E3) = = 90 = 0.90
n (S) 100
(iv) Here (iii) is most likely to occur because
probability is maximum.
127. Abhinav Bindra is retired sport shooter and currently Sol :

India’s only individual Olympic gold medalist. His Here sample space is area of circle of 8 inch.
gold in the 10-meter air rifle event at the 2008 Summer Thus n (S) = p82 in2.
Olympics was also India’s first Olympic gold medal (i) The probability that you score at least 4,
since 1980. He is the first Indian to have held
Let E1 be the event that she hit the circle in the
concurrently the world and Olympic titles for the
radius of 6 inch to score 4. Favourable outcome will
men’s 10-meter air rifle event, having earned those
be area of this 6 inch circle.
honors at the 2008 Summer Olympics and
the 2006 ISSF World Shooting Championships. Favourable outcome, n (E1) = p62 in2.
Bindra has also won nine medals at the n (E1)
= p62 = 9
2
Probability, P (E1) = 16
Commonwealth Games and three gold medals n (S) p8
at the Asian Games. (ii) The probability that you score at least 6,
Let E2 be the event that she hit the circle in the
radius of 4 inch to score 6. Favourable outcome will
be area of this 4 inch circle.
Favourable outcome, n (E2) = p42 in2.
n (E2)
= p42 = 1
2
n (S) p8
(iii) The probability that you hit the bull’s eye,
Let E3 be the event that she hit the bulls eye.
Favourable outcome will be area of 2 inch circle.
Favourable outcome, n (E3) = p22 in2.
n (E4)
= p22 = 1
2
n (S) p8
(iv) The probability that you score exactly 4 points,
Let E4 be the event that she hit the circular band in
the radius of 4 inch to 6 inch. Favourable outcome
A circular dartboard has a total radius of 8 inch, with
will be area of this circular band.
circular bands that are 2 inch wide, as shown in figure.
Abhinav is still skilled enough to hit this board 100% Favourable outcome, n (E4) = p (62 - 42) in2.
of the time so he always score at least two points each n (E4) p (62 - 42)
time he throw a dart. Assume the probabilities are Probability, P (E4) = =
n (S) p82
related to area, on the next dart that he throw. = 20 = 5
(i) What is the probability that he score at least 4 ? 64 16
(ii) What is the probability that he score at least 6 ? 128. Apurvi Singh Chandela is an Indian Shooting player
(iii) What is the probability that he hit bull’s eye ? who competes in the 10 metre air rifle event. She
(iv) What is the probability that he score exactly 4 won the gold medal in the 2019 ISSF World Cup in
points ? New Delhi. She is the world champion and currently
ranked number one in 10 metre air rifle shooting. She
is a recipient of Arjuna award.
Apurvi is able to hit a 10 in. by 20 in. target 100% n (E3) 25 3 3

of the time at a range of 100 metre. Assuming the Probability, P (E3) = =
200
=
8
n (S)
probability she hits a target is related to its area, (iv) Isosceles Trapezoid (b = B2 )
what is the probability she hits the shaded portions Let n (E4) be the event that she hit the isosceles
shown? trapezoid shown in question having each side 10 inch.
Favourable outcome will be area of this isosceles
trapezoid.
Favourable outcome,
20
n (E4) = 2 # 10 # b20 + 2 l = 150 in2.
1
n (E4)
n (S) 200 4
129. Blood Group : Blood type or blood group is a medical

term. It describes the type of blood a person has.
It is a classification of blood based on the presence
or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the
surface of red blood cells (RBCs). Blood types predict
whether a serious reaction will occur in a blood
transfusion.
Sol :
Here sample space is area 10 in. by 20 in. i.e 200 in2..
Thus n (S) = 200
(i) Isosceles triangle
Let E1 be the event that she hit the isosceles triangle
shown in question having base 20 inch and
height 10 inch. Favourable outcome will be
area of this isosceles triangle.
Favourable outcome,
1
n (E1) = 2 # 20 # 10 = 100 in2..
n (E1)
n (S) 200 2
(ii) Right Triangle
Let E2 be the event that she hit the right triangle
shown in question having base 20 inch and height 10
inch. Favourable outcome will be area of this right
triangle.
Favourable outcome,
1
n (E2) = 2 # 20 # 10 = 100 in2.. In a sample of 50 people, 21 had type O blood, 22 had
n (E2) type A blood, 5 had type B blood, and 2 had type AB
n (S) 200 2 blood. Set up a frequency distribution and find the
(iii) Equilateral Triangle following probabilities.
Let E3 be the event that she hit the equilateral (i) What is the probability that a person has type O
triangle shown in question having each side 10 inch. blood ?
Favourable outcome will be area of this equilateral (ii) What is the probability that a person has type A
triangle. or type B blood ?
Favourable outcome, (iii) What is the probability that a person has neither
type A nor type O blood ?
3
n (E3) = 4 # 102 = 25 3 in2.. (iv) What is the probability that a person does not
have type AB blood ? plans or students can input examination answers

into a computer to facilitate grading and evaluation.
Sol :
Multimedia formats and applications that allow
Frequency distribution table is as follows.
students to pause content are especially valuable in
Type Frequency early childhood education especially since students
are coming to school with different competencies,
A 22
learning styles and speeds for absorbing information.
B 5
AB 2
O 21
Total 50
Total possible outcomes in all case is 50 because there
are total 50 sample and out of which we have to select
one.
Thus n (S) = 50
(i) Person has type O blood,
Let E1 be the event that the selected person
has type O blood.
n (E1)
Probability, P (E1) = = 21 = 0.42
n (S) 50
(ii) Person has type A or type B blood, Total 1000 elementary and secondary schools of
Rajasthan were classified by the number of computers
Let E2 be the event that a person has type A or type
they had.
B blood.
Favourable outcome, n (E2) = 22 + 5 = 27 Computers 1–10 11–20 21–50 51–100 100 more
n (E2) Schools 250 210 290 170 80
Probability, P (E2) = = 27 = 0.54
n (S) 50 Choose one school at random and find the following
(iii) Person has neither type A nor type O blood, i.e probability.
person has type B or type AB (i) Find the probability that it has 50 or
Let E3 be the event that the selected person has fewer computers.
neither type A nor type O blood. (ii) Find the probability that it has more
Favourable outcome, n (E3) = 5 + 2 = 7 than 100 computers.
n (E3) (iii) Find the probability that it has no more than 20
Probability, P (E3) = = 7 = 0.14 computers.
n (S) 50
(iv) Person does not have type AB blood, (iv) Find the probability that it has more than 50
Let E4 be the event that the selected person does not computers.
have type AB blood. Let E4 be the event that the Sol :
selected person have type AB blood.
From table we see that total 1000 elementary and
Favourable outcome, n (E4) = 2 secondary schools were classified. Thus total possible
n (E4) outcomes in all case is 1000 schools and out of which
Probability, P (E4) = = 2 = 0.02 we have to select one.
n (S) 50
P (E4) = 1 - P (E4) n (S) = 1000
= 1 - 0.04 = 0.96 (i) E1 : Probability that it has 50 or fewer computers.
Favourable outcome, n (E1) = 250 + 210 + 290
130. Computers in Elementary Schools : Computer-based
learning (CBL) refers to any teaching methodology that = 750
makes use of computers for information transmission n (E1)
Probability, P (E1) = = 750 = 0.75
or input. At an elementary school level, computer n (S) 1000
applications can be used to display multimedia lesson (ii) E2 : Probability that it has more than 100
computers Favourable outcome, n (E3) = 160

Favourable outcome, n (E2) = 80 n (E3)
n (E2) n (S) 210 21
Probability, P (E2) = = 80 = 0.08
n (S) 1000 132. Hospital Stays : Hospital records indicated that
(iii) E3 : Probability that it has no more than 20 maternity patients stayed in the hospital for the
computers number of days shown in the distribution.
Favourable outcome, n (E3) = 250 + 210 = 460 Number of days stayed Frequency
n (E3)
Probability, P (E3) = = 460 = 0.46 3 13
n (S) 1000
4 22
(iv) E4 : Probability that it has more than 50
computers 5 45
Favourable outcome, n (E4) = 170 + 80 = 250 6 14
n (E4) 7 6
Probability, P (E4) = = 250 = 0.25
n (S) 1000
100
131. Consider the 210 discrete points found in the first and
second quadrants where - 10 G x # 10 , 1 G y # 10
and x and y are integers. The coordinates of each
point is written on a slip of paper and placed in a box.
One of the slips is then randomly drawn.
(i) What is the probability the point (x, y) is
on the graph of y = x
(ii) What is the probability the point (x, y) is
on the graph of y = 2 x
Find these probabilities.
(iii) What is the probability the point (x, y) has
coordinates (x # 5, y > - 2) (i) A patient stayed exactly 5 days.
(ii) A patient stayed less than 6 days.
Sol :
(iii) A patient stayed at most 4 days.
Total possible outcomes in all case is 210 out of which
(iv) A patient stayed at least 5 days.
we have to select one.
Thus n (S) = 210 Sol :
(i) The probability the point (x, y) is on the graph of Total possible outcomes in all case is 1000 because
y= x , frequency is 100 and out of which we have to select
one.
Let E1 be the event that the point (x, y) is on the
graph of y = x . Here total 20 such point are possible. Thus n (S) = 100
Favourable outcome, n (E1) = 20 (i) Patient stayed exactly 5 days,
n (E1) Let E1 be the event that the selected patient stayed
Probability, P (E1) = = 20 = 2 exactly 5 days,.
n (S) 210 21
(ii) The probability the point (x, y) is on the graph Favourable outcome, n (E1) = 45
of y = 2 x n (E1)
Probability, P (E1) = = 45 = 0.45
Let E2 be the event the point (x, y) is on the graph of n (S) 100
y = 2 x . Here total 10 such point are possible. (ii) Patient stayed less than 6 days,
Favourable outcome, n (E2) = 10 Let E2 be the event that a patient stayed less than 6
n (E2) days i.e 3, 4, or 5 days.
n (S) 210 21 Favourable outcome, n (E2) = 13 + 22 + 45 = 80
(iii) The probability the point (x, y) has coordinates n (E2)
(x # 5, y > - 2) , Probability, P (E2) = = 80 = 0.80
n (S) 100
Let E3 be the event that probability the point (x, y) (iii) Patient stayed at most 4 days,
has coordinates (x # 5, y > - 2) . Here total 160 such Let E3 be the event that the selected patient stayed
point are possible. at most 4 days i.e. 3 or 4 days.
Favourable outcome, n (E3) = 13 + 22 = 35 20–29 64 93 67 40 36

n (E3)
Probability, P (E3) = = 35 = 0.35 30–39 82 68 32 14 4
n (S) 100
(iv) Patient stayed at least 5 days, 40–49 38 32 20 7 3
Let E4 be the event that the selected stayed at least Over 49 43 50 35 28 24
5 days i.e. 5, 6, or 7 days Total 277 305 207 124 87
Favourable outcome, n (E4) = 45 + 14 + 6 = 65
Total possible outcomes in all case is 1000 because
n (E4)
Probability, P (E4) = = 65 = 0.65 there are total 1000 driver and out of which we have
n (S) 100 to select one .
n (S) = 1000
133. Insurance : An insurance company selected 1000 (i) E1 : being under 20 years old and having exactly
drivers at random in a particular city to determine three accidents in 1 year
a relationship between age and accidents. The data
obtained are listed in following table.
n (E1)
Age 0 1 2 3 Over 3 Probability, P (E1) = = 35 = 0.35
n (S) 1000
Under 20 50 62 53 35 20 (ii) E2 : being 30–39 years old and having one or more
accidents in 1 year
20–29 64 93 67 40 36
Favourable outcome,
30–39 82 68 32 14 4
n (E2) = 68 + 32 + 14 + 4 = 118
40–49 38 32 20 7 3
n (E2)
Over 49 43 50 35 28 24 Probability, P (E2) = = 118 = 0.118
n (S) 1000
(iii) E3 : having no accidents in 1 year
Favourable outcome,
n (E3) = 277
n (E3)
Probability, P (E3) = = 277 = 0.277
n (S) 1000
(iv) E4 : being under 20 years old or having exactly
three accidents in 1 year
Favourable outcome,
n (E4) = 50 + 62 + 53 + 35 + 20 + 40 + 14 + 7 + 28
= 309
n (E4)
Probability, P (E4) = = 309 = 0.309
n (S) 1090
Compute the probabilities of the following events for
a driver chosen at random in the city: 134. Cards on which numbers 1, 2, 3 .......... 100 are written
(i) E1 : being under 20 years old and having exactly (one number on one card and no number is repeated),
three accidents in 1 year put in a bag and are mixed thoroughly. A card is
(ii) E2 : being 30–39 years old and having one drawn at random from the bag. Find the following
or more accidents in 1 year probability.
(iii) E3 : having no accidents in 1 year Sol :
(iv) E4 : being under 20 years old or having exactly (i) What is the probability that card taken out has a
three accidents in 1 year odd number ?
Sol : (ii) What is the probability that card taken out has a
From the given table we make the following table. two digit odd number ?
(iii) What is the probability that card taken out has a
Age 0 1 2 3 Over 3 odd number which is multiple of 11?
Under 20 50 62 53 35 20 (iv) What is the probability that card taken out has
an odd number which is not less than 70 ?
(v) What is the probability that card taken out has the Women’s Individual and Women’s team events,
an odd number which is not multiple of 11 ? finishing in eighth place in the latter.
Sol :
(i) There are 100 cards in bags. Thus we have 100
possible outcomes for all cases.
n (S) = 100
Odd numbers 1 to 100 are 50.
n (E1) = 50
P (an odd number),
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 50 = 1 = 0.5
n (S) 100 2
(ii) Total odd number are 50 and 5 numbers are one Deepika can hit the rectangular target shown 100%
digit odd number. Hence two digit odd number are 45. of the time at a range of 80 m. Assuming the
Thus favourable outcomes, probability the target is hit is related to its area,
n (E2) = 50 - 5 = 45 answer the following.
P (Two digit odd number), (i) What is the probability the Deepika hits
n (E2) within the triangle ?
P (E2) = = 45 = 0.45
n (S) 100 (ii) What is the probability the Deepika hits
(iii) Favourable outcomes are {11, 33, 55, 77, 99}. within the circle ?
Number of favourable outcomes is 5. Therefore (iii) What is the probability the Deepika hits within
n (E3) = 5 the circle but outside the triangle ?
(iv) What is the probability the Deepika hits within
P (odd number multiple of 11),
the rectangle but outside the circle ?
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 5 = 0.05
n ^S h 100
(iv) Favourable outcomes are 71, 73, 75, ......99.
n (E 4) = 15
P (odd number not less than 70),
n Ê 4h
P Ê 4h = = 15 = 0.15
n ^S h 100
(v) Total odd number are 50 and out of which {11,
33, 55, 77, 99} are multiple of 11. Thus 50 - 5 = 45
numbers are not multiple of 11.
Therefore n (E5) = 45
P (odd number not multiple of 11), Sol :
Deepika can hit the rectangular target shown 100% of
n Ê5h
P Ê5h = = 45 = 0.45 the time, thus area of rectangle is sample space.
n ^S h 100
n (S) = 90 # 70 = 6300 cm2
135. Deepika Kumari is an Indian athlete who competes
in the event of archery, is currently ranked World (i) E1 : Probability the Deepika hits within the
No. 9, and is a former world number one. She won triangle,
a gold medal in the 2010 Commonwealth games in Favourable outcome is the area of triangle. Base of
the women’s individual recurve event. She also won a triangle is 70 cm and height of triangle is 35 cm.
gold medal in the same competition in the women’s 1
Favourable outcome, n (E1) = 2 # 70 # 35
team recurve event along with Dola Banerjee and
Bombayala Devi. Kumari qualified for the 2012 = 1225 cm2
Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in n (E1)
n (S) 6300 36
In a medical experiment, a Remdesivir is found to

(ii) E2 : Probability the Deepika hits within the circle, help 2,400 out of 4,000 people. If a doctor prescribes
Favourable outcome is the area of circle of radius 35 the Remdesivir for a particular patient, what is the
cm. approximate empirical probability that the patient
22 will be helped?
Favourable outcome, n (E2) = p352 = 7 # 35 # 35
= 3850 cm2 Sol :
n (E2) Here total sample space is 4000 people.
Probability, P (E2) = = 3850 = 11
n (S) 6300 18 n (S) = 4000
(iii) E3 : Probability the Deepika hits within the circle Let E be the event that Remdesivir helps the patient.
but outside the triangle,
Favourable outcome
Favourable outcome is the difference of area of circle
and triangle. n (E) = 2400
Favourable outcome, n (E3) = 3850 - 1225 Probability that the patient will be helped,
n (E)
= 2626 cm2 P (E) = = 2400 = 6 = 0.6
n (S) 4000 10
n (E3)
Probability, P (E3) = = 2625 = 5 137. Out of 460 times at bat, a baseball player gets 207
n (S) 6300 12
(iv) E4 : Probability the Deepika hits within the hits. What is the approximate empirical probability
rectangle but outside the circle, that the player will get a hit next time at bat?
Favourable outcome is the difference of area of
rectangle and circle.
Favourable outcome, n (E4) = 6300 - 3850
= 2450 cm2
n (E4)
n (S) 6300 18
Alternative :
Event E4 is complement of E2 .
Thus P (E4) = 1 - P (E2)
= 1 - 11 = 7
18 18
136. Remdesivir was the first drug approved by the FDA

for treating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is indicated for
treatment of COVID-19 disease in hospitalized adults
and children aged 12 years and older who weigh at
least 40 kg.
Sol :
Here total sample space is 460 batting.
n (S) = 460
Let E be the event that baseball player gets hits.
Favourable outcome
n (E) = 207
Probability that the player will get a hit next time,
n (E) {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 6),
P (E) = = 207 = 0.45
n (S) 460 (6, 1), (2, 5), (5, 2), (3, 4), (4, 3), (6, 5), (5, 6)}
138. In two dice game, the player take turns to roll both n (E1) = 15
dice, they can roll as many times as they want in one
P (sum as a prime number),
turn. A player scores the sum of the two dice thrown
n (E2)
and gradually reaches a higher score as they continue P (E2) = = 15 = 5
n (S) 36 12
to roll. If a single number 1 is thrown on either die,
the score for that whole turn is lost. Two dice are (iii) Favourable outcomes are {(5, 5), (6, 4), (4, 6), (6,
thrown simultaneously. 5), (5, 6), (6, 6)}
n (E3) = 6
P (sum of atleast 10),
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 6 =1
n ^S h 36 6
(iv) Favourable outcomes are {(2, 2), (4, 4), (6, 6)}
(i) What is the probability of getting the sum as an Thus number of favourable outcomes,
even number ?
n (E3) = 3
(ii) What is the probability of getting the sum as a P (doublet of even number),
prime number ?
n Ê 4h
P Ê 4h = = 3 = 1
(iii) What is the probability of getting the sum of at- n ^S h 36 12
least 10? (v) Favourable outcomes are {(3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5,
(iv) What is the probability of getting a doublet of
4), (4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6),}
even number ?
(v) What is the probability of getting a product of
numbers greater than 16? n (E5) = 10
P ( product of numbers greater than 16),
Sol :
n Ê5h
(i) All possible outcome are given as below: P Ê5h = = 10 = 5
n ^S h 36 18
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) 139. A survey was taken at a high school, and the results
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) were put in a circle graph. The students were asked to
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) list their favourite colours. The measurement of each
central angle is shown. If a person is chosen at random
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
from the school, find the probability of each response.
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
Number of all possible outcomes in all case,
n (S) = 6 # 6 = 36
Favourable outcome are $2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12. . We may
get as follows
{(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2), (1, 5), (5, 1), (2, 4), (4, 2),
(3, 3), (2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 5), (5, 3), (4, 4), (6, 4), (4, 6),
(5, 5), (6, 6)}
n (E1) = 18
P (sum as an even number),
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 18 = 1
n (S) 36 2
(ii) Favourable outcome are "2, 3, 5, 7, 11, , which may
be as follows
(i) What is the probability of favourite colour being

red ?
(ii) What is the probability of favourite colour being
blue or green ?
(iii) What is the probability of favourite colour not
being red or blue?
(iv) What is the probability of favourite colour not
being orange or green ?
(v) What is the probability of favourite colour being
red or blue?
Sol :
Area of region (i) What is the probability of getting an even number
(i) Probability = Area of circle
on the wheel?
Total Angle in region
=
360c (ii) If getting an odd number on the wheel allows a
P (red) = 36 c = 1 = 0.1 player to roll the die, then what is the probability
360c 10 of his rolling the die ?
(ii) P (blue of green) = 72c + 36c = 108c = 3 = 0.3 (iii) If the player is allowed to roll the dice and getting
360c 360c 10
a number greater than 4 entitles him to get prize,
(iii)
what is the probability of his winning the prize?
P (not red or blue) = 1 - P (red or blue)
(iv) If getting a square number on the wheel allows a
= 1 - 36c + 72c = 1 - 108c player to roll the dice, then what is the probability
360c 360c of his rolling the dice ?
= 1- 3 = - =
10 1 0.3 0.7 (v) If the player is allowed to roll the die and getting
(iv) a prime number on die entitles him to get prize,
P (not orange or green) = 1 - P (orange or green) then what is the probability of his winning the
prize?
= 1 - 144c + 36c = 1 - 180c Sol :
360c 360c
1
= 1 - = 0.5 (i) Total outcomes n (S) = 8
2
Thus (d) is correct option. Favourable outcome are {2, 4, 6, 8}, therefore
(v) P (red or blue) = 1 - P (not red or blue) n (E) = 4
= 1 - 0.7 = 0.3 Probability of getting an even number on the wheel,
n (E)
P (E) = =4 =1
140. A game at a stall in new year carnival involves spinning n (S) 8 2
a wheel first as a first step to complete the game (ii) Total outcomes n (S) = 8
with certain rules. If the wheel stops at a particular
Favourable outcome are {3, 5, 7, 9}, therefore
number, then the player is allowed to roll a 6 faced
unbiased dice. n (E) = 4
Rules of Game: Probability of getting an odd number on the wheel,
n (E)
(i) If the wheel stops at a particular number, then
P (E) = =4 =1
the player is allowed to roll a unbiased dice. n (S) 8 2
(ii) If the wheel stops at any other number, player get (iii) Dice has total six outcome, thus total outcome
to try again and only one extra try allowed. n (S) = 6
(ii) If player reach the next stage and roll a dice, he Number greater than 4 on dice are {5, 6}, therefore
may get a prize depending on the number on dice. n (E) = 2
Probability of getting a number greater than 4,
n (E) multiple of 3 or 7 by the fifth boy?:

P (E) = =2 =1
n (S) 6 3
Sol :
(iv) Total outcomes n (S) = 8
Favourable outcome are {4, 9}, therefore (i) Total outcomes n (S) = 17
Favourable outcomes are {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17},
n (E) = 2
therefore
Probability of getting a square number on the wheel,
n (E) = 9
n (E)
P (E) = =2 =1 Probability of drawing an odd number card in the
n (S) 8 4
(v) Dice has total six outcome, thus total outcome first draw by the first boy,
n (E)
n (S) = 6 P (E) = = 9
n (S) 17
Prime number on dice are {2, 3, 5}, therefore
(ii) Total outcomes n (S) = 17
n (E) = 3
Favourable outcome are {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17},
Probability of getting a prime number on dice,
therefore
n (E)
P (E) = =3 =1 n (E) = 7
n (S) 6 2
Probability of drawing prime number card by the
141. Five friends and one of their mother are having a second boy,
picnic. The mother deicide to play card game. 17 n (E)
cards numbered 1, 2, 3 ... 17 are put in a box and P (E) = = 7
n (S) 17
mixed thoroughly. The mother asks each boy to draw
(iii) If the card drawn is not replaced, then total
a card and after each draw she shows some magic
number of cards remaining are 16.
tricks based on card number.
Total outcomes n (S) = 16
Favourable outcome are {6, 9, 12, 15}, therefore
n (E) = 4
Probability of drawing a number multiple of 3 and
greater than 5 by the third boy is,
n (E)
P (E) = = 4 =1
n (S) 16 4
(iv) Probability of getting number greater than 17 is
zero because there is no card having number 17.
(v) Here we must note that we have 16 card because
we have not replaced card in third draw.
Total outcomes n (S) = 16
(i) What is the probability of drawing an odd number Favourable outcome are {3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15},
card in the first draw by the first boy ? therefore
(ii) Now in second draw, card drawn in first n (E) = 7
draw is replaced. What is the probability
Probability of drawing a number multiple of 3 or 7 by
of drawing a prime number card by the
the fifth boy,
second boy?
n (E)
(iii) If in second draw, boy got number 2 and the card P (E) = = 7
n (S) 16
is not replaced, what is the probability of drawing
a card bearing a multiple of 3 greater than 5 by
the third boy?
***********
(iv) If the card is replaced after the third draw, what
is the probability of drawing a card bearing a
number greater than 17 by the fourth boy ?
(v) If the card is replaced after the fourth draw, what
is the probability of drawing a card bearing a
Page 578 Basic 2021 Sample Paper
Class- X
Mathematics -Basic(241)
Sample Question Paper 2020-21
Max. Marks : 80 Duration : 3 Hours

General Instructions :
1. This question paper contains two parts A and B.
2. Both Part A and Part B have internal choices.
Part – A:
1. It consists three sections- I and II.
2. Section I has 16 questions of 1 mark each. Internal choice is provided in 5 questions.
3. Section II has 4 questions on case study. Each case study has 5 case-based sub-parts. An examinee is to attempt
any 4 out of 5 sub-parts.
Part – B:
1. Question No 21 to 26 are Very short answer Type questions of 2 mark each,
2. Question No 27 to 33 are Short Answer Type questions of 3 marks each
3. Question No 34 to 36 are Long Answer Type questions of 5 marks each.
4. Internal choice is provided in 2 questions of 2 marks, 2 questions of 3 marks and 1 question of 5 marks.
= x2 - 2x - 8
Part - A
3. Given that HCF (96,404) is 4, find the LCM ^96, 404h .
Ans :
Section - I
We have HCF (96, 404) = 4
1. Express 156 as the product of primes. As we know that,
Ans :
HCF (x, y) # LCM (x, y) = xy
2 156
4 # LCM = 96 # 404
2 78
3 39 LCM = 96 # 404
13 13 4
1
= 24 # 404
Hence, 156 = 2 # 2 # 3 # 13 LCM = 9696
2
= 2 # 3 # 13 or
State the fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.
2. Write a quadratic polynomial, sum of whose zeroes is Ans :
2 and product is - 8 .
Every composite number can be written
Ans :
(factorised) as product of primes and this
Let the roots of the quadratic polynomial be a and b prime factorisation is unique apart from the
Now, according to the question order in which the prime factors occur.
a+b = 2 4. On comparing the ratios of the coefficients, find

out whether the pair of equations x - 2y = 0 and
and ab = - 8
3x + 4y - 20 = 0 is consistent or inconsistent.
Hence, the polynomial will be Ans :
p (x) = x2 - (a + b) x + ab
Basic 2021 Sample Paper Page 579
We have x - 2y = 0 ...(1) length of the rope.

We know that,
and 3x + 4y - 20 = 0 ...(2)
Comparing the equation (1) and (2) with Perimeter of circle = 2pr
a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 = 2 # 22 # 28
7
and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , we get
= 176 m
a1 = 1, b1 = - 2 , c1 = 0 Hence, horse can graze in 176 m perimeter.
a2 = 3 , b2 = 4 , c2 = - 20
7. In the given fig. DE | | BC , +ADE = 70c and
a1 = 1 . +BAC = 50c, then angle +BCA = ______
Here,
a2 3
b1 = - 2 = - 1
b2 4 2
a1 ! b1
a2 b2
Therefore, the pair of equation is consistent.
5. If a and b are co-prime numbers, then find the

HCF â, b h .
Ans : Ans :
Since, a and b are co-prime numbers, they do not We have DE z BC
have any common factor,
+ADE = 70c
a = 1#a
and +BAC = 50c
b = 1#b
DE z BC
HCF (a, b) = 1
By converse of Thale’s theorem
6. Find the area of a sector of a circle with radius 6 cm +ADE = +ABC = 70c
if angle of the sector is 60c. (Take p = 227 )
In TABC ,
Ans :
+ABC + +ACB + +BAC = 180c
Radius r = 6 cm
70c + +BCA + 50c = 180c
and q = 60c
+BCA = 180c - 120c = 60c
Area of sector = q 2
# pr or
360c
In the given figure, AD = 2 cm , BD = 3 cm ,
= 60c # 22 # 6 # 6 AE = 3.5 cm and AC = 7 cm . Is DE parallel to BC ?
360c 7
= 22 # 6 = 18.86 cm2
7
or
A horse tied to a pole with 28 m long rope. Find
the perimeter of the field where the horse can graze.
(Take p = 227 )
Ans :
Given, length of rope = 28 m Ans :

Perimeter where horse can graze is equal to the
perimeter of the circle with a radius equal to the We have AD = 2 cm , BD = 3 cm , AE = 3.5 cm
AC = 7 cm tan 30c = BC
CD
Here, EC = (7 - 3.5) cm = 3.5 cm
1 = BC
Now, AD = 2 3 8
DB 3
AE = 3.5 = 1 BC = 8
and 3
EC 3.5 1
Hence, height from where tree is broken is 8 m.
So, AD ! AE 3
DB EC 10. If the perimeter and the area of a circle are numerically
By converse of Thale’s theorem, DE is not parallel equal, then find the radius of the circle.
to BC . Ans :
8. The cost of fencing a circular field at the rate of <24 Let r be the radius of circle.
per metre is <5280. Find the radius of the field. Since Perimeter of circle = area of circle
Ans :
2pr = pr2
Given, cost of fencing a circular field =< 5280
2 =r
Now, Length of the fence = Total cost
Rate r = 2 unit
= 5280 = 220 m 11. Write the empirical relationship among mean, median
24
and mode.
Let the radius of the circular field be r . Ans :
Length of the fence = circumference of the field Empirical relation is
220 m = 2 pr 3 median = 2 mean + mode
2 # 22 # r = 220 12. To divide a line segment BC internally in the ratio

7
3 : 5, we draw a ray BX such that +CBX is an acute
r = 220 # 7 = 35 m angle. What will be the minimum number of points to
2 # 22
be located at equal distances, on ray BX ?
9. A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends
so that the top of the tree touches the ground where Ans :
it makes an angle 30c. The distance between the foot To divide a line segment BC in the ratio
of the tree to the point where the top touches the m : n , a ray BX making as acute +CBX is
ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree from where drawn and then (m + n) points are marked
it is broken. at equal distances on ray BX .
Ans :
Here, m = 3 and n = 5
Let the tree be AC and is broken at point B . The Minimum number of points to be marked on BX
broken part touches at the point D on the ground as
shown in figure below. = m+n = 3+5 = 8
13. For what values of p does the pair of equations

4x + py + 8 = 0 and 2y + 2y + 2 = 0 has unique
solution?
Ans :
We have 4x + py + 8 = 0
2x + 2y + 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 4 , b1 = p , c1 = 8
In right TBCD , a2 = 2 , b2 = 2 , c2 = 2
For unique solution,
a1 ! b1 15. A tower stands vertically on the ground. From a point

a2 b2 on the ground, which is 15 m away from the foot of
the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the
4 !p
2 2 tower is found to be 60c. Find the height of the tower.
Ans :
p !4
Let AB be the tower standing vertically on the ground
Therefore, for all real values of p except 4, the given and O be the position of the observer as shown in
pair of equation will have a unique solution, figure.
or
We have OA = 15 m , +OAB = 90c, +AOB = 60c
What type of straight lines will be represented by the
system of equations 2x + 3y = 5 and 4x + 6y = 7 ?
Ans :
We have 2x + 3y - 5 = 0
4x + 6y - 7 = 0
Here, a1 = 2 , b1 = 3 , c1 = - 5
a2 = 4 , b2 = 6 , c2 = - 7
Now, a1 = 2 = 1 , b1 = 3 = 1
a2 4 2 b2 6 2
c1 = 5 Now, in right TOAB , we have
c2 7
tan 60c = AB
OA
a1 = b1 ! c1
a2 b2 c2
3 = h
Thus given pair of equation will represent parallel 15
lines.
h = 15 3 = 25.95 m
14. A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A
ball is drawn at random from the bag. What is the 16. Probability of an event E + Probability of the event
probability that the ball drawn is red? E (not E ) is,_______
Ans : Ans :
Number of red balls n ( R) = 3 P (E ) + P (E ) = 1
Number or black balls n (B) = 5

Total no. of balls n (S) = 3 + 5 = 8
Section II
Case study-based questions are compulsory. Attempt
Now, required probability, of being red ball,
any 4 sub parts from each question. Each question
n ( R)
P ( R) = =3 carries 1 mark
n (S) 8
or 17. Mathematics teacher of a school took her 10th
A die is thrown once. What is the probability of standard students to show Red fort. It was a part
getting a prime number? of their educational trip. The teacher had interest in
Ans : history as well. She narrated the facts of Red fort
to students. Then the teacher said in this monument
Total number of all outcomes n (S) = 6 one can find combination of solid figures. There are 2
pillars which are cylindrical in shape. Also 2 domes at
Prime numbers are 2, 3 and 5. i.e 5 numbers. the corners which are hemispherical.7 smaller domes
Favourable outcome, n (E) = 3 at the centre. Flag hoisting ceremony on Independence
Day takes place near these domes.
=3=1
n (E)
Required probability, P (E) =
n ( S) 6 2
(c) 98 m3 (d) 89.83 m3

Ans :
Radius, r = 3.5 m
Volume of hemisphere,
2 pr3 = 2 22 3.5 3.5 3.5
3 3# 7 # # #
(i) How much cloth material will be required to cover = 89.83 m3

2 big domes each of radius 2.5 metres? (Take
p = 227 ) Thus (d) is correct option.
(v) What is the ratio of sum of volumes of two
(a) 75 m2 (b) 78.57 m2 hemispheres of radius 1 cm each to the volume of
(c) 87.47 m2 (d) 25.8 m2 a sphere of radius 2 cm?
Ans : (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 8
(c) 8 : 1 (d) 1 : 16
Radius of spherical dome = 2.5 m
Ans :
Cloth material required
= 2 # Surface area of hemispherical dome Radius of hemisphere, r1 = 1 cm
= 2 # 2pr2 and radius of sphere, r2 = 2 cm

Now, sum of volume of two hemispheres
= 4 # 22 # 2.5 # 2.5 = 78.57 m2
7 = 2 # 2 p (r1) 3
3
Thus (b) is correct option.
(ii) Write the formula to find the volume of a = 4 # 22 # (1) 3 = 88
3 7 21
cylindrical pillar.
(a) pr2 h (b) prl Volume of sphere = 4 p (r2) 3
3
(c) pr (l + r) (d) 2pr
Ans : = 4 # 22 # (2) 3 = 88 # 8
3 7 21
If radius and height of cylindrical pillar are r and h 88
respectively, then volume is pr2 h . Required ratio = 21
88 # 8 = 1: 8
21
(iii) Find the lateral surface area of two pillars if
height of the pillar is 7 m and radius of the base 18. Class X students of a secondary school in Krishnagar
is 1.4 m . have been allotted a rectangular plot of a land for
(a) 112.3 cm2 (b) 123.2 m2 gardening activity. Saplings of Gulmohar are planted
on the boundary at a distance of 1 m from each other.
(c) 90 m2 (d) 345.2 cm2 There is a triangular grassy lawn in the plot as shown
Ans : in the fig. The students are to sow seeds of flowering
plants on the remaining area of the plot.
We have r = 1.4 m and h = 7 m
So, lateral surface area,
2 # 2prh = 4 # 22 # 1.4 # 7 = 123.2 m2

7
(iv) How much is the volume of a hemisphere if the
radius of the base is 3.5 m?
(a) 85.9 m3 (b) 80 m3
Considering A as origin, answer question (i) to (v). by looking at the figure.

(i) Considering A as the origin, what are the
coordinates of A?
(a) (0, 1) (b) (1, 0)
(c) (0, 0) (d) ^- 1, - 1h
Ans :
Considering A as the origin, coordinate of A are
(0, 0),
Thus (c) is correct option. (i) Rahul tied the sticks at what angles to each other?
(ii) What are the coordinates of P ? (a) 30c (b) 60c
(a) (4, 6) (b) (6, 4)
(c) 90c (d) 60c
(c) (4, 5) (d) (5, 4)
Ans :
Ans :
It may be seen easily from figure that, Rahul tied the
From figure, we easily get that coordinates of P are sticks at right angle i.e. 90c.
(4, 6).
Thus (a) is correct option. (ii) Which is the correct similarity criteria applicable
(iii) What are the coordinates of R ? for smaller triangles at the upper part of this kite?
(a) (6, 5) (b) (5, 6) (a) RHS (b) SAS
(c) (6, 0) (d) (7, 4) (c) SSA (d) AAS
Ans : Ans :
From figure, we easily get that coordinates of R are Since, sticks of kite tied at 90c, so SAS similarity
(6, 5). criteria applicable for smaller triangles at upper part
of this kite.
(iv) What are the coordinates of D ? (iii) Sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4:9.
(a) (16, 0) (b) (0, 0) Corresponding medians of these triangles are in
the ratio,
(c) (0, 16) (d) (16, 1)
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 4 : 9
Ans :
(c) 81 : 16 (d) 16 : 81
From figure, we easily get that coordinates of D are
Ans :
(16, 0).
If two triangles are similar then,
(v) What are the coordinate of P if D is taken as the Ratio of medians = Ratio of sides
origin?
= 4 : 9.
(a) (12, 2) (b) ^- 12, 6h
(c) (12, 3) (d) (6, 10) Thus (b) is correct option.
(iv) In a triangle, if square of one side is equal to the
Ans :
sum of the squares of the other two sides, then the
If we take D as origin, then DA is X axis and CD is angle opposite the first side is a right angle. This
the Y -axis, so coordinates of paint P = (- 12, 6) . theorem is called as,
Thus (b) is correct option. (a) Pythagoras theorem
(b) Thales theorem
19. Rahul is studying in X Standard. He is making a kite (c) Converse of Thales theorem
to fly it on a Sunday. Few questions came to his mind
while making the kite. Give answers to his questions (d) Converse of Pythagoras theorem
Ans :
According to converse of Pythagoras theorem, if zeroes are 2.

square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares
of the other two sides, then the angle opposite the
first side is a right angle. (iii) The zeroes of the polynomial are
(a) - 1, 5 (b) - 1, 3
(c) 3, 5 (d) - 4, 2
(v) What is the area of the kite, formed by two
perpendicular sticks of length 6 cm and 8 cm? Ans :
(a) 48 cm2 (b) 14 cm2 Given polynomial intersect the X -axis at - 1 and 3.
(c) 24 cm2 (d) 96 cm2 So, zeroes are - 1 and 3.
Ans : Thus (b) is correct option.
Area of kite whose diagonals are d1 and d2 , (iv) What will be the expression of the polynomial?
= 1 d1 d2 = 1 (6) (8) = 24 cm2 (a) x2 + 2x - 3 (b) x2 - 2x + 3

2 2
Thus (c) is correct option. (c) x2 - 2x - 3 (d) x2 + 2x + 3
Ans :
20. Due to heavy storm an electric wire got bent as
shown in the figure. It followed a mathematical shape. Here, zeroes are - 1 and 3.
Answer the following questions below. Sum of zeroes = - 1 + 3 = 2
Product of zeroes = (- 1) (3) = - 3
Required polynomial is x2 -(sum of zeroes) x +
product of zeroes
= x2 - 2x - 3
(v) What is the value of the polynomial if x = - 1?
(a) 6 (b) - 18
(c) 18 (d) 0
Ans :
Let, P (x) = x2 - 2x - 3
At x = - 1, P (- 1) = (- 1) 2 - 2 (- 1) - 3
= 1+2-3 = 0
(i) Name the shape in which the wire is bent
(a) Spiral (b) ellipse
(c) linear (d) Parabola Part - B
Ans : All questions are compulsory. In case of internal
The shape shown in given figure is parabola. choices, attempt anyone.
Thus (d) is correct option. 21. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the
(ii) How many zeroes are there for the polynomial line segment joining the points (4, -3) and (8, 5) in the
(shape of the wire) ratio 3 : 1 internally.
(a) 2 (b) 3 Ans :
(c) 1 (d) 0 Let P (x, y) be the required point.
Ans : We have x1 = 4 , y1 = - 3
Since, the graph of given polynomial (shape of wire)
x2 = 8 , y2 = 5
intersect the X -axis at two points. So, number of
and m1 = 3 , m2 = 1 By equation (1) and (2), we get

AM = AN
Now, x = m1 x2 + m2 x1 MB ND
m1 + m2
3 (8) + 1 (4)
= = 28 = 7 23. A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a
3+1 4 circle. Prove that AB + CD = AD + BC .
m1 y2 + m2 y1
and y =
m1 + m2
3 (5) + 1 (- 3)
= = 15 - 3 = 3
3+1 4
Thus P (x, y) = (7, 3)

or
Find a relation between x and y such that the point
^x, y h is equidistant from the points (7, 1) and (3, 5). Ans :
Ans :
Let P (x, y) be equidistant from the points A (7, 1) and circle are equal,
B (3, 5).
At A, AP = AS (1)
Since AP = BP
At B BP = BQ (2)
AP2 = BP2
At C CR = CQ (3)
(x - 7) 2 + (y - 1) 2 = (x - 3) 2 + (y - 5) 2
At D DR = DS (4)
x2 + 49 - 14x + y2 + 1 - 2y
= x2 + 9 - 6x + y2 + 25 - 10y Adding eqn. (1), (2), (3), (4)
50 - 14x - 2y = 34 - 6x - 10y AP + BP + DR + CR = AS + DS + BQ + CQ
x-y = 2 AP + BP + DR + RC = AS + SD + BQ + QC
AB + CD = AD + BC
22. In the fig. if LM | | CB and LN | | CD , prove that
AM = AN . Hence Proved
MB ND
24. Draw a line segment of length 7.8 cm and divide it in
the ratio 5 : 8. Measure the two parts.
Ans :
1. Draw a line segment AB of length 7.8
cm.
2. Draw any ray AX making an acute angle with
AB .
3. Mark 5 + 8 = 13 point A1, A2, A3, ...., A13 on AX
such that AA1 = A1 A2 = A2 A3 = ...., A12 A13 .
Ans : 4. Join BA13 .
5. At point A5 , draw a line CA5 parallel to BA13 .
In TABC , LM z CB Hence AC | CB = 5 | 8
AM = AL On measuring, we get
By BPT , ...(1)
MB LC AC = 3 cm and CB = 4.8 cm
In TADC , LN z CD
By BPT , AN = AL ...(2)
ND LC
= 169 - 149 = 25 = 5
QR
Now tan P = = 5
PQ 12
QR
and cot R = = 5
PQ 12
tan P - cot R = 5 - 5 = 0
12 12
26. How many terms of the AP : 9, 17, 25, .......must be

taken to give a sum 636?
Ans :
Given, AP is 9, 17, 25, ..........
25. Given 15 cot A = 8 , find sin A and sec A and Sn = 636
Ans :
Here, a = 9 , d = 17 - 9 = 8
We have 15 cot A = 8 & cot A = 8
15 Now, Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d ]
2
We draw the triangle as given below,
636 = n [2 # 9 + (n - 1) 8]
2
1272 = n [18 + 8n - 8]
1272 = n (10 + 8n)
8n2 + 10n - 1272 = 0
4n2 + 5n - 363 = 0
In right TABC , - 5 ! 25 - 4 # 4 # (- 636)
Now, n =
AC = (15) 2 + (8) 2 2#4
= 225 + 64 = 289 = 17 = - 5 ! 25 + 10176

8
Now sin A = BC = 15
AC 17
= - 5 ! 10201
8
and cos A = AB = 8
AC 17
= - 5 ! 101
or 8
Find tan P - cot R .
Thus n = - 5 + 101 , = - 5 - 101
8 8
n = 96 or - 106
8 8
n = 12 or - 53
4
Since n can not be negative, n = 12
Ans : 27. Prove that 3 is an irrational number.

Ans :
In right TPQR , by Pythagoras theorem,
Let 3 be a rational number.
QR = PR2 - PQ2
p
= 132 - 122 Then 3 = ,
q
90c - q + 90c - q + +PTQ = 180c

where p and q are co-prime integers and q ! 0 On
squaring both the sides we have, +PTQ = 180c - 180c + 2q
2
p +PTQ = 2q
3 =
q2
Hence, +PTQ = 2+OPQ
2 2
or, p = 3p
29. Meena went to a bank to withdraw <2000. She asked
Since p2 is divisible by 3, thus p is also divisible by 3.
the cashier to give her <50 and <100 notes only. Meena
Let p = 3r for some positive integer r , then we have got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of <50 and
p2 = 9r2 <100 she received.
Ans :
3q2 = 9r2
Let the <50 notes be x and <100 notes be y .
or, q2 = 3r2
Since total 25 notes were given,
Since q2 is divisible by 3, thus q is also divisible by 3.
x + y = 25 ...(1)
We have seen that p and q are divisible by 3, which
contradicts the fact that p and q are co-primes. Since total money was < 2000,
Hence, our assumption is false and 3 is irrational.
Hence, 3 is irrational. So, 50x + 100y = 2000
or x + 2y = 40 ...(2)
28. In figure, two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to
circle with centre O from an external point T . Prove Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we get
that +PTQ = 2+OPQ . y = 15
Substituting, y = 15 in equation (1), we get
x + y = 25
x = 25 - 15 = 10
Thus Meena received 10 notes of <50 and 15 notes of
<100.
30. A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to
Ans : 90. If one disc is drawn at random from the box, find
the probability that it bears
(i) a two-digit number
(ii) a perfect square number
(iii) a number divisible by 5
Ans :
Total discs n (S) = 90

(i) a two-digit number
Two digits number are 10, 11, 12, .....90, i.e.81 possible
outcome.
Let +OPQ be q , then n (E1) = 81
+TPQ = 90c - q P (a two-digit number),
Since, TP = TQ , due to opposite angles of equal sides n (E1)
we have P (E1) = = 81 = 9 = 0.9
n (S) 90 10
+TQP = 90c - q (ii) a perfect square number.
Perfect square numbers are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64,
From angle sum property of a triangle we can write,
81 i.e. 9 perfect square number.
+TPQ + +TQP + +PTQ = 180c n (E2) = 9
P (a perfect square number), = sum of the volumes of the solid sphere

n Ê2h
P Ê2h =
4 pr 3 = 4 pr 3 + 4 pr 3 + 4 pr 3
= 9 = 1 = 0.1
n ^S h 90 10 3 3 1 3 2 3 3
(iii) a number divisible by 5.
r 3 = 63 + 83 + 103
The number divisible by 5 are 5, 10, 15, ..... 90, i.e
total 18 numbers. r 3 = 216 + 512 + 1000 = 1728
n (E3) = 18 r = ^1728h1/3 = ^123h1/3 = 12
P (a number divisible by 5), Therefore, radius of the resulting sphere is 12 cm.
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 18 = 1 = 0.2 32. Prove that sin A - cos A + 1 = 1
n ^S h 90 5 sin A + cos A - 1 sec A - tan A
or Ans :
One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 sin A
- cos
cos A + cos A
A 1
cards. Find the probability of getting LHS = sin A - cos A + 1 = cos A
(i) A king of red colour. sin A + cos A - 1 sin A

cos A + cos A - cos1 A
cos A
(ii) A spade
^tan A + sec Ah - 1
(iii) The queen of diamonds = tan A - 1 + sec A =
tan A + 1 - sec A ^tan A - sec Ah + 1
Ans :
6^tan A + sec Ah - 1@6tan A - sec A@
=
Total cards n (S) = 52 6^tan A - sec Ah + 1@6tan A - sec A@
Number of red king,
^tan2 A - sec2 Ah - ^tan A - sec Ah
=
n (E1) = 2 ^tan A - sec A + 1h^tan A - sec Ah
(i) a red king,
6â - b hâ + b h = a2 - b2@
Probability of drawing red king
n (E1) = - 1 - tan A + sec A
P (E1) = = 2 = 1 = 1 ^tan A - sec A + 1h^tan A - sec Ah
n (S) 52 26 23
(ii) A spade 6tan2 A - sec2 A = - 1@
Number of spade cards,
^tan A - sec A + 1h
=
n (E2) = 13 ^tan A - sec A + 1h^tan A - sec Ah
P (Spade cards), -1 1
= = = RHS
n Ê2h tan A - sec A sec A - tan A
P Ê2h = = 13 = 1
n ^S h 52 4
33. A motor boat whose speed in still water is 18 km/h,
(iii) The queen of diamonds
takes 1 hour more to go 24 km upstream than to
We have only 1 queen of diamonds. return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed
n (E3) = 1 of the stream.
P (The queen of diamonds), Ans :
n Ê3h We have speed of boat in still water = 18 km/h

P Ê3h = = 1
n ^S h 52 Let s be the speed of the stream.
Speed of boat upstream,
31. Metallic spheres of radii 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm
respectively are melted to form a solid sphere. Find = speed of boat in still water - speed of stream
the radius of the resulting sphere.
= 18 - s
Ans :
Speed of boat down stream,
Given that,
= speed of boat in still water + speed of water
r1 = 6 cm , r2 = 8 cm and r3 = 10 cm
According to question, = 18 + s
Volume of the resulting sphere
Time taken for upstream denotes the 8 m tall building. Angle of depressions of
top and bottom are given 30c and 45c respectively.
= Time taken to cover downstream + 1
As per given in question we have drawn figure below
Dis tan ce upstream
= Dis tan ce downstream + 1
Speed upstream Speed downstream
24 = 24 + 1
18 - s 18 + s
24 ^18 + s h = 24 ^18 - s h + ^18 - s h^18 + s h

s2 + 48s - 324 = 0
s2 + 54s - 6s - 324 = 0
s ^s + 54h - 6 ^s + 54h = 0
^s - 6h^s + 54h = 0
s = 6 , - 54
Since speed of stream cannot be negative, s = 6
Thus, s = 6 km/hr
We have, +PBD = 30c and +PAC = 45c
or
Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of Let PD = h and AC = BD = x
whose squares is 290.
Now, in right TBPD ,
Ans :
Let x be the first integer, then second integer will be tan 30c = PD
BD
^x + 2h .
1 =h
Since sum of squares of both numbers is 290, 3 x
x 2 + ^x + 2h2 = 290 x = 3h ...(1)
2 2
x + x + 4 + 4x = 290
In right TDAC , tan 45c = PC
2 AC
2x + 4x - 286 = 0
x 2 + 2x - 143 = 0 1 = h+8
x
x 2 + 13x - 11x - 143 = 0
x = h+8 ...(2)
x ^x + 13h - 11 ^x + 13h = 0 Comparing eq. (1) and (2), we get
^x + 13h^x - 11h = 0 3h = h+8
x = 11, 13 3h-h = 8
Since x is a positive odd integer, we take x = 11. h ^ 3 - 1h = 8
First odd integer = 11 8 8 ^ 3 + 1h
h = =
Second consecutive integer = 11 + 2 = 13 ^ 3 - 1h ^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h
8 ^ 3 + 1h
34. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of = = 8 ^ 3 + 1h
^3 - 1h 2
a 8 m tall building from the top of a multi storied
building are 30c and 45c, respectively. Find the height = 4 ^ 3 + 1h
of the multi storied building and the distance between
Now, total height of multi storied building
the two buildings.
Ans : h + 8 = 4 ^ 3 + 1h + 8
Let PC denote the multi storied building and AB = 4 3 +4+8
= 4 ^ 3 + 3h m AC = 87 3
and distance between two buildings
Now, distance travelled by the balloon
x = 3h= 3 # 4 ^ 3 + 1h
GC = AC - AG
= 4 3 ^ 3 + 1h
= 87 3 - 29 3
= ^12 + 4 3 h m
= 3 ^87 - 29h
or
A 1.2 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the Thus GC = 58 3 m
wind in a horizontal line at a height 88.2 m from the
35. The p th , q th and r th terms of an AP are a , b and c
ground. The angle of elevation of the balloon from the
respectively.
eyes of the girl at any instant is 60c.After sometime,
Show that a ^q - r h + b ^r - p h + c ^p - q h = 0
the angle of elevation reduces 30c.Find the distance
travelled by the balloon during the interval. Ans :
Let the first term be A and the common difference
be D .
a = A + ^p - 1h D
b = A + ^q - 1h D
c = A + ^r - 1h D
Now a ^q - r h = 8A + ^p - 1h DB6q - r @
b ^r - p h = 8A + ^q - 1h DB6r - p@
and c 6p - q @ = 8A + ^r - 1h DB6p - q@
Ans :
a ^q - r h + b ^r - p h + c ^p - q h
Let E be the initial position of the balloon and F be
final position be F . = 8A + ^p - 1h DB6q - r @ +
Height of balloon above the girl height + 8A + ^q - 1h DB6r - p@ +
= 88.2 - 1.2 = 87 m + 8A + ^r - 1h DB6p - q@ +
= A 6p - q + q - p + q - r @ +
+ D (p - 1) (q - r) +
+ D (q - 1) (r - p) +
+ D (r - 1) (p - q)
= A 60@ +
In right triangle TEAG , + D [p ^q - r h - (q - r)]
tan 60c = EG + D [q (r - p) - ^r - p h]
AG
+ D [r ^p - q h - ^p - q h]
AG = 87 = 87 # 3 = 29 3
3 3 3 = D [p (q - r) + q (r - p) + r (p - q)] +
In right triangle TFAC , - D [(q - r) + (r - p) + (p - q)]
tan 30c = FC = D [pq - pr + qr - qp + rp - rq] + 0
AC
= D [0] = 0
1 = 87
ÊC = FC h
3 AC
36. A survey regarding the heights in (cm) of 51 girls of

class X of a school was conducted and the following = 145 + ' 25.5 - 11 1 # 5
data was obtained. Find the median height and the 18
mean using the formulae.
= 145 + 72.5
18
Height (in cm) Number of Girls
Less than 140 4 = 145 + 4.03 = 149.03
Less than 145 11 For Mean we prepare following table.
Less than 150 29
Height (in cm) fi xi f ix i
Less than 155 40
Below 140 4 137.5 550
Less than 160 46
140-145 7 142.5 997.5
Less than 165 51
145-150 18 147.5 2655
Ans :
150-155 11 152.5 1617.5
To calculate the median height, we need to convert
155-160 6 157.5 945
the given data in the form of intervals and their
corresponding frequencies. 160-165 5 162.5 812.5
Given distribution is of less type and 140, 145, 150, N= / fi xi
165 gives the upper limits of the corresponding class / f i = 51 = 7637.5
interval So, the classes should be below 140, 140-145,
145-150, 160-165.
Now, Mean =
/ f i xi
Now, the frequency of class interval below 140 is 4, N
since then are 4 boys with height less than 140. For
the frequency of class interval 140-145 subtract the = 7637.5 = 149.75
51
number of boys having height less than 140 from the
number of boys having height less than 145.
Thus, the frequency of class interval 140-145 is ***********
11 - 4 = 7 Similarly, we can calculate the frequencies
of other class intervals and get the following table
Class interval Frequency Cumulative

Frequency
Below 140 4 4
140-145 11 - 4 = 7 11
145-150 29 - 11 = 18 29
150-155 40 - 29 = 11 40
155-160 46 - 40 = 6 46
160-165 51 - 46 = 5 51
Here, N = 51
N = 51 = 25.5
2 2
Since, the cumulative frequency just greater than 25.5
is 29 and the corresponding class is 145-150. Thus
145-150 is median class,
Now, l = 145 , f = 18 , F = 11 and h = 5
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
Page 592 Standard 2021 Sample Paper
Class- X Session - 2020-21

Subject- Mathematics -Standard
Sample Question Paper
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions :
1. This question paper contains two parts A and B.
2. Both Part A and Part B have internal choices.
Part – A:
1. It consists three sections- I and II.
2. Section I has 16 questions of 1 mark each. Internal choice is provided in 5 questions.
3. Section II has 4 questions on case study. Each case study has 5 case-based sub-parts. An examinee is to attempt
any 4 out of 5 sub-parts.
Part – B:
1. Question No 21 to 26 are Very short answer Type questions of 2 mark each,
2. Question No 27 to 33 are Short Answer Type questions of 3 marks each
3. Question No 34 to 36 are Long Answer Type questions of 5 marks each.
4. Internal choice is provided in 2 questions of 2 marks, 2 questions of 3 marks and 1 question of 5 marks.
Since in denominator power of 10 is 4. Decimal

Section - A representation of a will terminate after 4 decimal places.
1. If xy = 180 and HCF ^x, y h = 3 , then find the LCM 2. If the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
^x, y h . 3x2 - kx + 6 is 3, then find the value of k .
Ans : Ans :
Let a and b be the roots of the equation 3x2 - kx + 6
We have, HCF (x, y) = 3
Now a+b = 3
Now, we know that
HCF (x, y) # LCM (x, y) = xy and a + b = - coefficient of x2
coefficient of x
xy
LCM (x, y) = = 180 = 60 (- k)
HCF (x, y) 3 3 =- & k =9
3
or
The decimal representation of 14587 will terminate 3. For what value of k , the pair of linear equations
21 # 5 4 3x + y = 3 and 6x + ky = 8 does not have a solution.
after how many decimal places? Ans :
Ans :
For equations, a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
Let, a = 145874 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0
2#5
3
System will not have a solution, if
= 14587 #2
a1 = b1 ! c1
24 # 54
a2 b2 c2
= 14587 #48 So, for the equations 3x + y = 3 or 3x + y - 3 = 0
(2 # 5)
and 6x + ky = 8 or 6x + ky - 8 = 0 , the system has
= 116696 no solution, when
10 4
3 = 1 ! -3 & k =2
6 k -8
Standard 2021 Sample Paper Page 593
4. If 3 chairs and 1 table costs Rs. 1500 and 6 chairs and 7. Find the roots of the equation x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
1 table costs Rs. 2400m, form linear equations to Ans :
represent this situation.
Ans : We have, x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
Let the cost of one chair be x and of one x2 + 5x + 2x + 10 = 0
table be y.
x (x + 5) + 2 (x + 5) = 0
Now 3x + y = 1500
(x + 5) (x + 2) = 0
and 6x + y = 2400
x =- 5 - 2
5. Which term of the AP 27, 24, 21,…..is zero? So, roots of given equation are - 5 and - 2 .
Ans : or
We have, AP : 27, 24, 21, .......... For what value(s) of a quadratic equation
30ax2 - 6x + 1 = 0 has no real roots?
a = 27 , d = 24 - 27 = - 3
Ans :
th
Let n term of the AP is zero.
i.e an = 0 We have, 30ax2 - 6x + 1 = 0
a + (n - 1) d = 0 [an = a + (n - 1) d ] For no real roots, D <0
27 + (n - 1) (- 3) = 0 b2 - 4ac < 0
27 - 3n + 3 = 0 (- 6) 2 - 4 (30a) (1) < 0
3n = 30 & n = 10 36 - 120a < 0
Thus 10 th term of the given AP is zero. 36 < 120a

or
a > 36
In an Arithmetic Progression, if d = - 4 , n = 7 , 120
a n = 4, then find a .
Ans : a > 3
10
We have, d = - 4 , n = 7 , an = 4
8. If PQ = 28 cm , then find the perimeter of TPLM .
Now an = a + (n - 1) d
4 = a + (7 - 1) (- 4)
4 = a - 24 & a = 28
6. For what values of k , the equation 9x2 + 6kx + 4 = 0

has equal roots?
Ans :
We have, 9x2 + 6kx + 4 = 0

For equal roots, D = 0 ,
Ans :
2
b - 4ac = 0
Since tangents drawn from external points are of
2
(6k) - 4 (a) (4) = 0 equal length,
36k2 - 144 = 0 PQ = PT ...(1)
36k2 = 144 Perimeter of TPLM = PL + LM + PM
k2 = 4 = PL + LN + MN + PM
k =! 2 = PL + LQ + MT + PM
[LM = LQ and MN = MT ] Since tangent is perpendicular to the radius at point

of contact,
= PQ + PT = 2PQ [from (1)]
+P = 90c
= 2 # 28 = 56 cm [PQ = 28 cm]
Now, in TOPQ
9. If two tangents inclined at 60c are drawn to a circle of +P + +Q + +O = 180c [Angle sum properly]
radius 3 cm, then find length of each tangent.
90c + 2+Q = 180c
Ans :
Let TP and TQ are two tangents to the circle with 2+Q = 90c
centre O as shown below. +Q = 45c
Since radius is always perpendicular to the tangent at
point of contact, Thus +OQP = 45c
+OAT = 90c 10. In the TABC , D and E are points on side AB and
AC respectively such that DE | | BC . If AE = 2 cm ,
AD = 3 cm and BD = 4.5 cm , then find CE .
Ans :
In TABC , D and E are points on sides AB and AC
such that AB z AC . We have drawn the figure as
shown below.
Since OT bisects +ATB ,
+OTA = 1 +ATB = 1 # 60c = 30c

2 2
Now, in TOAT
tan 30c = OA
TA
By BPT , in TABC we get
1 = 3
3 TA AD = AE
DB EC
TA = 3 3 cm
Substituting AD = 3 cm, BD = 4.5 cm and AE = 2 cm
or
PQ is a tangent to a circle with centre O at point P. 3 = 2
If TOPQ is an isosceles triangle, then find +OQP . 4.5 CE
Ans :
CE = 2 # 4.5
3
Given PQ is a tangent to a circle with centre O at P
and TOPQ is isosceles. CE = 3 cm
PQ = PQ
11. In the figure, if B1, B2, B3,…... and A1,A2, A3,…..
+Q = +O have been marked at equal distances. In what ratio C
We draw the figure as given below. divides AB ?
Ans : 60c # 2 # 227 # 21

Length of arc = q2pr =
There are 8 points on AX and 5 points on BY at 360c 360c
equal distance.
= 22 cm
AC : BC
Hence length of the arc is 22 cm.
Number of points on AX : Number of points on BY
15. 12 solid spheres of the same radii are made by melting
8:5
a solid metallic cylinder of base diameter 2 cm and
12. sin A + cos B = 1, AB = 30c and B is an acute angle, height 16 cm. Find the diameter of the each sphere.
then find the value of B . Ans :
Ans : Given, diameter and height of cylinder are d = 2 cm
and h = 16 cm .
We have, sin A + cos B = 1
Radius of cylinder, r = 1 d = 1 # 2 = 1 cm
sin 30c + cos B = 1 [A = 30c] 2 2
1 Let radius of each sphere be rs .
1 + cos B = 1 :sin 30c = 2D
2 Now, according to the question
Volume of cylinder = 12 # volume of sphere
cos B = 1 - 1
2
1 pr2 h = 12 # 4 pr s3
cos B = 3
2
1 p # (1) 2 # 16 = 16 # 4 # pr s3
cos B = cos 60c :cos 60c = 2 D 3
B = 60c rs = 1
3
13. If x = 2 sin2 q and y = 2 cos2 q + 1, then find x + y . rs = 1 cm

Ans : Diameter of the sphere = 2rs = 2 # 1 = 2 cm
We have, x = 2 sin2 q , y = 2 cos2 q + 1 16. Find the probability of getting a doublet in a throw
of a pair of dice.
x + y = 2 sin2 q + 2 cos2 q + 1
Ans :
= 2 (sin2 q + cos2 q) + 1
2 2
There are total 62 = 36 possible outcomes. Thus
= 2#1+1 = 3 [sin q + cos q = 1]
n (S) = 36
14. In a circle of diameter 42 cm,if an arc subtends an Favourable outcomes are (1, 1), (2, 2 ), (3, 3), (4, 4),
angle of 60c at the centre where p = 227 , then what (5, 5) and (6, 6).
will be the length of arc.
Ans : Number of favourable outcomes,
As per information given , we have drawn the figure n (E) = 6

as shown below. P (getting doublet),
n (E)
P (E) = = 6 =1
n (S) 36 6
or
Find the probability of getting a black queen when a
card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled pack of
52 cards.
Ans :
Diameter of circle = 42 cm Total outcomes, n (S) = 52
Radius, r = 1 # 42 = 21 cm Black queen card, n Ê h = 2

2
n Ê h (c) b 2 , 2 l
15 33
(d) b 2 , 2 l
1 3
P (red face card), P Ê h = = 2 = 1
n ^S h 52 26
Ans :
Section - II Mid-point of line joining J (6, 17) and I (9, 16)

15 33
= b 6 + 9 , 16 + 17 l = b 2 , 2 l
17. Case Study Based-1 2 2
SUN ROOM Thus (c) is correct option.
The diagrams show the plans for a sun room. It will (ii) Refer to Top View. The distance of the point P
be built onto the wall of a house. The four walls of from the y -axis is
the sun room are square clear glass panels. The roof (a) 4 (b) 15
is made using
• Four clear glass panels, trapezium in shape, all (c) 19 (d) 25
the same size Ans :
• One tinted glass panel, half a regular octagon in
Distance of point P from y -axis will be equal to the
shape
length of perpendicular drawn from P on y -axis.
Required distance = 4 unit
(iii) Refer to Front View. The distance between the
points A and S is
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 20
Ans :
From figure, it is clear that the coordinates of A and
S are (1, 8) and (17, 8) respectively.
The distance between A and S ,
d = (17 - 1) 2 + (8 - 8) 2
= 162 + 02 = 16
(iv) Refer to Front View. Find the co-ordinates of the
point which divides the line segment joining the
points A and B in the ratio 1 : 3 internally.
(a) (8.5, 2.0) (b) (2.0, 9.5)
(c) (3.0, 7.5) (d) (2.0, 8.5)
Ans :
From figure, we have A (1, 8) and B (5, 10)
Let T be the point, which divides the line joining A

and B in the ratio 1 : 3
By internal section formula, we have
T = c 1 # 5 + 3 # 1, 1 # 10 + 3 # 8 m
1+3 1+3
(i) Refer to Top View. Find the mid-point of the seg-
ment joining the points J ^6, 17h and I ^9, 16h . 5 + 3 10 + 24
=b 4 , 4 l
(a) b 2 , 2 l (b) b 2 , 2 l
33 15 3 1
8 34
= b 4 , 4 l = (2, 8.5)

(v) Refer to Front View. If a point ^x, y h is equidis-
tant from the Q ^9, 8h and S ^17, 8h ,then
(a) ^x + y h = 13 (b) x - 13 = 0
(c) y - 13 = 0 (d) x - y = 13
Ans :
Let V be the point (x, y).
Now, VQ = VS
VQ2 = VS 2
(x - 9) 2 + (y - 8) 2 = (x - 17) 2 + (y - 8) 2
x2 - 18x + 81 + y2 - 16y + 64
Figure: Rotation or Turn
= x2 - 34x + 289 + y2 - 16y + 64
34x - 18x = 289 - 81
16x = 208
x = 13 & x - 13 = 0
18. Case Study Based- 2

SCALE FACTOR AND SIMILARITY
SCALE FACTOR : A scale drawing of an object is
the same shape as the object but a different size. The
Figure: Reflection or Flip
scale of a drawing is a comparison of the length used
on a drawing to the length it represents. The scale is
written as a ratio.
SIMILAR FIGURES : The ratio of two corresponding
sides in similar figures is called the scale factor.
length in image
Scale factor =
corresponding length in object
If one shape can become another using Resizing then
the shapes are similar.
Figure: Translation or Slide
Hence, two shapes are Similar when one can become

the other after a resize, flip, slide or turn.
(i) A model of a boat is made on the scale of 1 : 4.
The model is 120 cm long. The full size of the
boat has a width of 60 cm. What is the width of
the scale model?
Figure: Similar Shape

We know, for any two similar triangles ratio of sides

= radio of altitude = ratio of median = ratio of
perimeter = scale factor
Correct option is their altitude have a ratio a : b .
(iv) The shadow of a stick 5 m long is 2 m. At the
same time the shadow of a tree 12.5 m high is
(a) 20 cm (b) 25 cm
(a) 3 m (b) 3.5 m
(c) 15 cm (d) 240 cm
(c) 4.5 m (d) 5 m
Ans :
Ans :
Given, Scale factor = 1
4
Now, given the width of the full size = 60 cm
Width of the scale model = 1 # 60 = 15 cm

4
(ii) What will effect the similarity of any two poly-

gons? Let AB be tree and DE be stick.
(a) They are flipped horizontally Since TABC is similar to TDEF
(b) They are dilated by a scale factor AB = DE
(c) They are translated down BC EF
(d) They are not the mirror image of one another 12.5 = 5
BC 2
Ans :
The effect of the similarity of any two polygons is that BC = 12.5 # 2 = 5 m
5
they are not the mirror image of one another.
Thus (d) is correct option. Thus (d) is correct option.
(v) Below you see a student’s mathematical model
(iii) If two similar triangles have a scale factor of a : b. of a farmhouse roof with measurements. The at-
Which statement regarding the two triangles is tic floor, ABCD in the model, is a square. The
true? beams that support the roof are the edges of a
(a) The ratio of their perimeters is 3a : b rectangular prism, EFGHKLMN . E is the mid-
dle of AT , F is the middle of BT , G is the mid-
(b) Their altitudes have a ratio a : b dle ofCT , and H is the middle of DT . All the
(c) Their medians have a ratio a : b edges of the pyramid in the model have length of
2 12 m
(d) Their angle bisectors have a ratio a2 : b2
Ans :
19. Case Study Based- 3

Applications of Parabolas-Highway Overpasses/
Underpasses
A highway underpass is parabolic in shape.
Parabola
A parabola is the graph that results from
p ^x h = ax2 + bx + c Parabolas are symmetric about a
vertical line known as the Axis of Symmetry. The Axis
What is the length of EF , where EF is one of the of Symmetry runs through the maximum or minimum
horizontal edges of the block? point of the parabola which is called the
(a) 24 m (b) 3 m Vertex
(c) 6 m (d) 10 m
Ans :
We have, TTEF similar with TTAB

EF = TE
AB TA
1
EF = 2 TA [E is mid-point of TA]
AB TA
EF = 1 AB = 1 # 12 = 6 m
2 2
(iv) The representation of Highway Underpass whose

one zero is 6 and sum of the zeroes is 0, is
(a) x2 - 6 + 2 (b) x2 - 36
(c) x2 - 6 (d) x2 - 3
Ans :
Let a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial. Then,
we have
a = 6 and a + b = 0
b =- 6
Now, ab = (6) (- 6) = - 36
Polynomial is x2 - (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros
(i) If the highway overpass is represented by
x2 - 2x - 8 . Then its zeroes are p (x) = x2 - (0) x + (- 36) = x2 - 36
(a) ^2, - 4h (b) ^4, - 2h Hence, representation of highway underpass is x2 - 36
(c) ^- 2, - 2h (d) ^- 4, - 4h .
Ans : (v) The number of zeroes that polynomial
f ^x h = ^x - 2h2 + 4 can have is:
Let, P (x) = x2 - 2x - 8
(a) 1 (b) 2
= x2 - 4x + 2x - 8 (c) 0 (d) 3
= x (x - 4) + 2 (x - 4) Ans :
So for = (x - 4) (x + 2) We have, f (n) = (x - 2) 2 + 2
Zeros of P (n) are x - 4 = 0 and x + 2 = 0
= x2 - 4x + 4 + 2 = x2 - 4x + 6
x = 4, - 2 Now, discriminant,
(ii) The highway overpass is represented graphically. D = b2 - 4ac
Zeroes of a polynomial can be expressed graphi- = (- 4) 2 - 4 # 1 # 6 = 16 - 24 = - 8
cally. Number of zeroes of polynomial is equal to
number of points where the graph of polynomial Since, D < 0,
(a) Intersects x -axis So number of zeroes of polynomial f (n) is zero.
(b) Intersects y -axis Thus (c) is correct option.
(c) Intersects y -axis or x -axis 20. Case Study Based- 4
(d) None of the above 100m RACE
Ans : A stopwatch was used to find the time that it took a
group of students to run 100 m.
Number of zeroes of any polynomial is equal to the
number of points where the graph of the polynomial
intersect x -axis.
(iii) Graph of a quadratic polynomial is a
(a) straight line (b) circle
(c) parabola (d) ellipse
Ans :
Any quadratic polynomial is of the form ax2 + bx + c .
So its graph is of parabola shape
Time (in sec) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 N = / f i = 40
No. of 8 10 13 6 3 N = 40 = 20 ,
2 2
students
which lies in cummulative frequency 31. So, median
Ans :
class is 40-60. Sum of lower limits of median class and
modal class = 40 + 40 = 80 .
Time Number of Mid- f i xi Cummulative Thus (c) is correct option.
(in sec) students value frequency cf (v) How many students finished the race within 1
(f i) xi minute?
0-20 8 10 80 8 (a) 18 (b) 37
20-40 10 30 300 18 (c) 31 (d) 8
40-60 13 50 650 31 Ans :
60-80 6 70 420 37 The number of students finished the race within 1 min
80-100 3 90 270 40 (i.e. 60 sec)
Total / f = 40
i / fi xi = cummulative frequency of class 40-60
= 1720
= 31
(i) Estimate the mean time taken by a student to Thus (c) is correct option.
finish the race.
(a) 54 (b) 63
(c) 43 (d) 50
Part - B
Ans : 21. 3 bells ring at an interval of 4,7 and 14 minutes. All
three bell rang at 6 am, when the three balls will the
Mean =
/ f i xi = 1720 = 43 ring together next?
/ fi 40
Ans :
Mean time taken by a student to finish the race is 43
Given, 3 bells ring at an interval of 4, 7 and 14 minutes.
sec.
Thus (c) is correct option. Now, 4 = 22
(ii) What will be the upper limit of the modal class ?
7 =7
(a) 20 (b) 40
(c) 60 (d) 80 14 = 2 # 7
Ans : LCM (4, 7, 14) = 22 # 7 = 28
Since 40-60 has highest frequency i.e. 13 upper limit Hence, the three bells will ring together again at
of modal class is 60. 6 : 28 am .
(iii) The construction of cummulative frequency table 22. Find the point on -axis which is equidistant from the
is useful in determining the points ^2, - 2h and ^- 4, 2h
(a) Mean (b) Median Ans :
(c) Mode (d) All of the above Let P (x, 0) is the equidistant point on x -axis from
points A ^2, - 2h and B ^- 4, 2h
Ans :
Now, according to the question
The construction of cummulative frequency table is
useful in determining the median. PA = PB
Thus (b) is correct option. PA2 = PB2
(iv) The sum of lower limits of median class and modal
class is (x - 2) 2 + (0 + 2) 2 = (x + 4) 2 + (0 - 2) 2
(a) 60 (b) 100 x2 - 4x + 4 + 4 = x2 + 8x + 16 + 4
(c) 80 (d) 140 - 4x + 4 = 8x + 16
Ans :
- 12x = 12 & x = - 1 respectively.

Required point is P (- 1, 0). We have to construct two tangents to each circle from
or the centre of the other circle.
P ^- 2, 5h and Q ^3, 2h are two points. Find the co-
ordinates of the point R on PQ such that PR = 2QR
Ans :
We have, PR = 2QR
PR = 2
QR
PR : QR = 2 : 1
Now, by using section formula, we have Steps of Construction :

2 # 3 + 1 # (- 2) 2 # 2 + 1 # 5 (i) Draw a line segment AB = 9 cm .
R =c 2+1
,
2+1
m (ii) Draw a circle with centre A and radius 5 cm and
another circle with centre B and radius 3 cm .
6-2 4+5 4
= b 3 , 3 l = b 3 , 3l
(iii) Now, bisect AB . Let O be the mid-point of AB .
(iv) Take O as centre and AO as radius and draw a
dotted circle which intersects the two given circles
23. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are at N, Q, M and P .
5 - 3 2 and 5 + 3 2 . (v) Join AN , AQ, BM and BP . These are the re-
Ans : quired tangents to each circle from the centre of
the other circle.
Let a and b are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
such that 25. If tan A = 3 , find the value of 1 + 1
4 sin A cos A
a = 5-3 2 Ans :
and b = 5+3 2 As per question statement we make the diagram as

follows.
Sum of zeroes,
a + b = 5 - 3 2 + 5 + 3 2 = 10
and product of zeroes,
ab = (5 - 3 2 ) (5 + 3 2 )
= (5) 2 - (3 2 ) 2
= 25 - 18 = 7
Required polynomial is Given, tan A = 3
4
p (x) = x2 - (a + b) x + ab
BC = 3
= x2 - 10x + 7 AB 4
24. Draw a line segment AB of length 9 cm. With A and BC = 3k

B as centres, draw circles of radius 5 cm and 3 cm
and AB = 4k
respectively. Construct tangents to each circle from
the centre of the other circle. In TABC , we have
Ans : AC 2 = AB2 + BC 2
Given, a line segment AB = 9 cm , two circles = (4k) 2 + (3k) 2 = 16k2 + 9k2
with centres A and B of radii 5 cm and 3 cm,
= 25k2 It is given that +A = 90c. Also OP = OS . Therefore,

OPAS is a square.
Thus AC = 5k
Now, sin A = BC = 3k = 3
AC 5k 5
and cos A = AB = 4k = 4
AC 5k 5
1 + 1 =1+1
sin A cos A 3
5
4
5
= 5 + 5 = 20 + 15 = 35
3 4 12 12
or
If 3 sin q - cos q and 0c 1 q 1 90c, find the value
of q
Ans : Since tangents from an exterior point to a circle are
equal in length.
We have, 3 sin q - cos q = 0
CR = CQ
3 sin q = cos q
BQ = BP
sin q
sin q = 1 :tan q = cos q D
cos q 3 Now, CQ = CR
1 CQ = 27 cm
tan q = 1 ;tan 30c = E
3 3
BC - BQ = CQ
q = 30c BQ = BC - CQ = 38 - 27 = 11 cm
26. In the figure, quadrilateral ABCD is circumscribing a Since OP as is a square,
circle with centre O and AD = AB . If radius of in AP = OS = 10 cm
circle is 10 cm, then find the value of x .
x = AB = AP + BP
= 10 + 11 = 21 cm
27. Prove that 2 - 3 is irrational, given that 3 is

irrational.
Ans :
Assume that 2 - 3 is a rational number. Therefore,
we can write it in the form of qp where p and q are
co-prime integers and q ! 0 .
p
Now 2- 3 =
q
where q ! 0 and p and q are integers.
Rewriting the above expression as,
Ans : p
2- = 3
q
We connect the point P to O and redraw the diagram
as follows. 2q - p
3
Since tangents to a circle is perpendicular to the q
radius through the point. Here 2q2-q p is rational because p and q are co-prime
+OSA = +OPA = 90c integers, thus 3 should be a rational number. But
3 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact
that 3 is irrational. Hence 2 - 3 is an irrational k-1 = 2 & k = 3

number.
29. In the figure, ABCD is a square of side 14 cm. Semi-
28. If one root of the quadratic equation 3x2 + px + 4 = 0 circles are drawn with each side of square as diameter.
is 23 , then find the value of p and the other root of Find the area of the shaded region.
the equation.
Ans :
Given, quadratic equation is 3x2 + px + 4 = 0 .
Since 2 is one root of the given quadratic equation,
3
2 2 2
3b 3 l + pb 3 l + 4 = 0
4 + 2p + 4 = 0
3 3
4 + 2p + 12 Ans :
=0
3
2p + 16 = 0
p =- 8
Substituting p = - 8 in given equation, we get
3x2 - 8x + 4 = 0
3x2 - 6x - 2x + 4 = 0
3x (x - 2) - 2 (x - 2) = 0
(x - 2) (3x - 2) = 0 & x = 2, 2 If we subtract area of two semicircle AOD and COB

3
Hence, other root is 2. , from square ABCD we will get area of part 1 and
or part 2.
The roots a and b of the quadratic equation Area of square = 14 # 14 = 196 cm2
x2 - 5x + 3 ^k - 1h = 0 are such that a - b = 1. Find
the value k . Radius of semicircle = 14 = 7 cm
2
Ans :
Area of semicircle AOB + DOC
It is given that a and b are the zeroes of the quadratic
equation, = 22 # 72 = 154 cm2
7
x2 - 5x + 3 (k - 1) = 0
So, area of each of two shaded part
Sum of roots, a + b = - coefficient of x2 196 - 154 = 42 cm2
coefficient of x
Hence, area of four shaded parts is 84 cm2.
(- 5)
=- =5
1 30. The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25 cm and
15 cm respectively. If one side of the first triangle is
and product of roots,
9 cm, find the length of the corresponding side of the
3 (k - 1) second triangle.
ab = constant term2 = = 3 (k - 1)
coefficient of x 1 Ans :
Now (a - b) 2 = (a - b) 2 - 4ab Let the two similar triangles are TABC and TPQR .
(1) 2 = (5) 2 - 4 [3 (k - 1)] [a - b = 1] We have, TABC + TPQR
1 = 25 - 12 (k - 1) AB = BC = AC
PQ QR PR
12 (k - 1) = 24
Ans :
= Perimeter of TABC
Perimeter of TPQR
Cumulative frequency table is given as follow
AB = Perimeter of TABC
PQ Perimeter of TPQR Class Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
9 = 25
PQ 15 0-5 12 12
5-10 a 12 + a
PQ = 9 # 15 = 27 = 5.4 cm
25 5 10-15 12 24 + a
or
15-20 15 39 + a
In an equilateral triangle ABC , D is a point on side
BC such that BD = 13 BC . Prove that 9 AD 2 = 7 AB 2 20-25 b 39 + a + b
Ans : 25-30 6 45 + a + b
As per given condition we have shown the figure 30-35 6 51 + a + b
below. Here we have drawn AP = BC . 35-40 4 55 + a + b
/ f i = 70
We have, / fi = 70
55 + a + b = 70
a + b = 15 ...(1)
Now Median = 16
So median class will be 15-20 as 16 lies in 15-20
We have l = 15 , F = 24 + a , f = 15 , N = 70 , h = 5
N
-F
Median = l + d
f n#
2
h
Here AB = BC = CA and BD = 1 BC. 16 = 15 +

35 - (24 + a)
#5
3 15
In TADP,
1 = 35 - 24 - a
2 2 2 3
AD = AP + DP
= AP2 + ^BP - BD h2 3 = 11 - a & a = 8
Substituting a = 8 in equation (1), we get
= AP2 + BP2 + BD2 + 2BP $ BD
b = 15 - a = 15 - 8 = 7
From TAPB using AP2 + BP2 = AB2 we have
32. If the angles of elevation of the top of the candle from
AD2 = AB2 + b 1 BC l - 2 b BC lb BC l
2
3 2 3 two coins distant a cm and b cm â 2 b h from its

2 2
= AB2 + AB - AB = 7 AB2 60c, then find the height of the candle.
9 3 9
9AD2 = 7AB2 Hence Proved
31. The median of the following data is 16. Find the

missing frequencies a and b , if the total of the
frequencies is 70.
Class 0- 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35-

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Frequency 12 ‘a ’ 12 15 b 6 6 4
If the angles of elevation of the top of the candle from and h = 10

two coins distant ‘a’ cm and ‘b’ cm â 2 b h from its
f1 - f 0
base and in the same straight line from it are 30c and Mode = l + d 2f - f - f n # h
1 0 2
60c, then find the height of the candle.
Ans : 15 - x
67 = 60 + b 2 # 15 - x - 12 l # 10
Let AB be the candle of height h . Let C and D be
two points at distance b cm and a cm from the base 15 - x
7 = 10
of the candle. As per given condition we have shown 30 - x - 12 #
the figure below.
7 (18 - x) = 10 (15 - x)
126 - 7x = 150 - 10x
10x - 7x = 150 - 126
3x = 24 & x = 8
Hence, missing frequency is 8.
34. The two palm trees are of equal heights and are
standing opposite each other on either side of the
river, which is 80 m wide. From a point O between
them on the river the angles of elevation of the top
of the trees are 60c and 30c, respectively. Find the
Now BC = b and BD = a
height of the trees and the distances of the point O
from the trees.
BC Ans :
3 =h Let AB and CD be two palm trees, each of height h

b meters. Let the distance between palm tree AB and
point O be x . As per given in question we have drawn
h = 3b ...(1)
figure below.
In TABD , tan 30c = AB
BD
1 =h
3 a
h = a ...(2)
3
From equation (1) and (2), we have
h2 = 3b# a
3
h2 = ab & h = ab
Here distance between palm tree CD and O is 80 - x .
Hence, height of candle is ab cm.
In right angle triangle TABO , +AOB = 30c
33. The mode of the following data is 67. Find the missing
frequency x . tan 30c = h
x
Class 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
h = x ...(1)
Frequency 5 x 15 12 7 3
Ans : In angle triangle TCDO ,
Given, mode of the given data is 67. Since 67 lies in tan 60c = CD = CD
interval 60-70, so 60-70 is modal class. CO CB - OB
So, l = 60 , f 1 = 15 , f 0 = x , f 2 = 12 3 = h
80 - x
In TAEC , tan 30c = CE

h = 80 3 - x 3 ...(2) AE
Comparing (1) and (2) we have 1 = h - 50

3 x
x = 80 3 - x 3
3 x = 3 (h - 50) ...(1)
x = 80 # 3 - x # 3 In TBDC , tan 60c = CD

BD
4x = 240
3 =h
x
x = 240 = 60 m
4
x = h ...(2)
Substituting this value of x in (1) we have 3
From equation (1) and equation (2), we have
h = 60 = 20 3 = 34.64 m
3
3 (h - 50) = h
Hence, height of the palm trees is 34.64 m 3
Distance of point O from tree AB is 20 m. 3 (h - 50) = h

Distance of point O from tree CD is 60 m. 3h - 150 = h
or
The angles of depression of the top and bottom of a 2h = 150 & h = 75
building 50 meters high as observed from the top of Substituting h = 75 in equation (2), we get
a tower are 30c and 60c respectively. Find the height
of the tower, and also the horizontal distance between x = h = 75 = 25 3
3 3
the building and the tower.
Ans : = 25 # 1.73 = 43.2 m
Let AB be the building of height 50 m and CD be Hence, height of the tower is 75 m and distance
tower of height h. Angle of depressions of top and between the building and the tower is 43.2 m.
bottom are given 30c and 60c respectively. As per 35. Water is flowing through a cylindrical pipe of internal
given in question we have drawn figure below. diameter 2 cm, into a cylindrical tank of base radius
40 cm at the rate of 0.7 m/sec. By how much will the
water rise in the tank in half an hour?
Ans :
Given, radius of cylindrical pipe,
r = 1 # 2 = 1 cm
2
Length of water flowing in 1 sec,
h = 0.7 m = 70 cm
Radius of cylindrical tank,
R = 40 cm
Let H be rise in water level.
Let, AE = BD = x Volume of water flowing in 1 sec,
Now, DE = AB = 50 m = pr2 h = p (1) 2 (70) = 70 p cm3
Volume of water flowing in 60 sec or 1 min.
CE = CD - DE = (h - 50) m
Again, we have = 70 p # 60 = 4200 p cm3
Volume of water flowing in half hour or 30 min.
+CAE = 30c and +CBD = 60c
= 4200 p # 30
= 126000 p cm3
Solving equation (7) and equation (8), we get
Volume of water in tank,
x = 8, y = 4
= pR2 H
Hence, speed of the boat in still water = 8 km/hr and
= p (40) 2 H = 1600pH cm3 speed of the stream = 4 km/hr .
Now, according to the question
1600 pH = 126000 p ***********
H = 126000 p = 78.75 cm Download unsolved version of this paper from

1600 p
www.cbse.online
36. A motorboat covers a distance of 16 km upstream
and 24 km downstream in 6 hours. In the same time
it covers a distance of 12 km upstream and 36 km
downstream. Find the speed of the boat in still water
and that of the stream.
Ans :
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr
and the speed of the stream be y km/hr . Then,
Speed in upstream = (x - y) km/hr
Speed in downstream = (x + y) km/hr
Now, according to the question, we have
16 + 24 = 6 ...(1)
x-y x+y
and 12 + 36 = 6 ...(2)
x-y x+y
Substituting 1 = u and 1 = v in equations

x-y x+y
(1) and (2), we have
16u + 24v = 6 ...(3)
and 12u + 36v = 6 ...(4)
Multiplying equation (3) by 3 and equation (4) by 4,
and then subtracting we get
72v = 6 & v = 1
12
Substituting v = 1 in equation (3), we get
12
16u + 2 = 6
16u = 4 & u = 1
4
From u = 1 we have
4
1 = 1 & x-y = 4 ...(7)
x-y 4
From v = 1 we have
12
1 = 1 & x + y = 12 ...(8)
x+y 12

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Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 1

Express ^ 154 + 405 h as a decimal fraction without actual

Find the decimal representation of 11 .

terminating decimal expansion.

Ans : 9 and 1260 = 113 # 53 = 11 #3 25

Sol : [Board Term-1 2016] PRACTICE

8. Express 225 in prime factorization.

Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

PRACTICE = 235# 125 = 28755

PRACTICE Ans : 0.0048, 4

Here a and b are two positive integers such

PRACTICE 20. If HCF (a, b) = 12 and a # b = 1, 800 , then find LCM

Since 1 7 = 1 = 0.01. 28. Find HCF of the numbers given below:

24. Calculate 3 in the decimal form.

25. Find the smallest natural number by which 1200

required smallest natural number is 3. We have 7 = 7

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS two smaller natural numbers. A natural number

PRACTICE We have HCF (306, 1314) = 18

33. Explain whether 3 # 12 # 101 + 4 is a prime number

A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number

Sol : [Board Term-1 2015, 2014] Ans : M = 32760, N = 16380, O = 3,

 Complete the following factor tree and find the

 Complete the factor-tree and find the composite

[Board Term-1 2015]

 Find the missing numbers a, b, c and d in the given

[Board Term-1 2013]

 Show that numbers 8n can never end with digit 0

37. Show that 5 6 is an irrational number.

Let 5 6 be a rational number, which can be expressed

38. Write the denominator of the rational number 257

We have 200 and 3 = 300

41. Show that 571 is a prime number. PRACTICE

Sol :  Using Euclid’s algorithm, find the HCF of 272

and ^24h2 = 576 . Prime numbers less than 24 are 2, 3,

42. If two positive integers p and q are written as p = a b 2 3 Ans :

= a2 b Assume that 3 + 5 is a rational number, then we

252 = 72×3 + 36 divisible by 2.

 Find the HCF and LCM of 510 and 92 and

HCF(144, 90) = 2 # 3 = 18 2 Ans : 4, 9696

Thus each stack would have 18 cartons.

Sol : [Board SQP 2017]

and n + 4 = 3k + 1 + 4 = 3k + 5 = 3 (k + 1) + 2 n = 3q + 0 = 3q which is divisible by 3.

5m + 3 for some integer m . 36 = 9 # 4 + 0

a2 = (5q + 2) 2 Sol : [Board Term-1 SQP 2017]

If n is divisible by 3, clearly n + 2 and n + 4

= HCF (2 # 52 # 17, 52, 52 # 19) FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

3b2 = 9c2 Since we have assume 2 - a is rational, but 5 is

our assumption that 3 is rational number is wrong. Ans : Proof

Assume that 5 be a rational number then we have = 22 # 33 # 5 # 7 = 3780

72. State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Is it a ^a + 1h^a + 2h = ^3q + 2h^3q + 3h^3q + 4h

Let a, a + 1, a + 2 be any three consecutive integers. = 2q ^2q + 1h

where m = q ^2q + 1h which is divisible by 2. = 2304

p By using Euclid’s Division Lemma, we have

a2 = ^4q h2 = 16q2 = 4 ^4q2h Here x and y are not unique.

 Use Euclid’s Division Lemma to show that the

79. Express the HCF/LCM of 48 and 18 as a linear

Using Euclid’s Division Lemma, we have

times to fill it.

84. Last year my grand mother was admitted to Fortis

86. Taniya have 54 football cards, 72 volleyball cards, and

87. A tile floor is to be made from 10 inch, 12 inch, and 15

88. Four satellites revolve around the earth once every

Sol : 7 AM, at what time will they change simultaneously