THE NANO

WORLD
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to

1. Define nanotechnology
2. Identify the types of Microscope used in Nanoscience and
nanotechnology
3. Describe the various uses of nanotechnology
4. Explain the status of the use of nanotechnology
 What is Nanoscale?
Nanoscale is one important interdisciplinary area generated by
advancement in science and technology. Scientist and engineers
were able to build materials with innovative properties as they
manipulate nano materials.

What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology refers to the science, engineering, and technology
conducted at the nanoscale. It is concerned with building 'things' -
generally, materials and devices on the scale of atoms and
molecules. It encompasses science and technology that
manufactures materials of great help to the improvement of various
areas of society especially health, environment, energy, electronics,
food, water, and agriculture
A brief history

The first ever concept was in

December 29, 1959 by the
famous physicist Richard
Feynman.

He discussed a method in
which scientist can direct and
control individual atoms and
molecules.

The term “nanotechnology”

was termed by Norio
Tanaguchi
 How small is Nanoscale?
A nanometer is a billion of a meter. The illustration below shows how small
nanoscale is compared to other particles or materials.

Source: https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101)
 Manipulation of nano materials needs an adept
understanding of their types and dimension.

The various types of nanomaterials are classified according to their

individual shapes and sizes. One should be acle to view and
manipulate then so that we can take advantage.
 How to view Nanomaterials?
Scientist use special types of microscope to view minute
nanomaterial. These are the following:

This type of microscope

utilizes a particle beam
of electrons to light up a
specimen and develop a
well magnified image.
 Two types of Electron Microscope
Scanning Electron
Transmission Electron
Microscope
Microscope (TEM)
(SEM)
How to view Nanomaterials?

Atomic force microscop

It makes use of a
mechanical probe that
gathers information
from the surface of a
material.
How to view Nanomaterials?

Scanning tunneling
microscope
It enables scientists to
view and manipulate
nanoscale particles,
atoms, and small
molecules.
 NANOMANUFACTURING

It refers to scaled-up, reliable and cost-effective

manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures,
devices, and system. It also involves research,
improvement, and incorporation of processes for
the construction of materials. Therefore,
nanomanufacturing leads to the development of
new products and improved materials.
 TWO APPROACHES TO
NANOMANUFACTURING

Bottom-up Fabrication

1 It manufactures products by building them up

from atomic and molecular- scale components.
However, this method can be time-consuming.

Top-Down Fabrication
It trims down large pieces of materials into
2 nanoscale. This process needs larger
amounts of materials and discards excess
raw materials.
 New approaches to the assembly of nanomaterials

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Chemical Nanoimp Roll-to-
Dip pen Self- Molecula Atomic
vapor rint roll
lithogra assembl r beam layer
depositi lithogra processi
phy y epitaxy epitaxy
on phy ng

It is method It depicts a
in which the approache It is a
tip of an It is a It is a high-
d wherein method of
atomic force procedure volume
a set of generating
microscope wherein It is one practice for It is a
is “dipped” component nanoscale
chemicals manner constructin means for
into a s join attributes
act in for- g nanoscale laying
chemical together to by
fluid and response to depositing devices on down one-
mold an “stamping”
then utilized form very extremely a roll of atom-thick
organized or
to “write”’ on pure, high- controlled ultrathin layers on a
structure in “printing”
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like an old- the them onto
e films. metal.
fashioned ink absence of a surface.
pen onto an outside
 References

Module 6 STS The Nano World and Gene Therapy

- The Nano World and Gene Therapy (Stem Cells
) Module 6 -
StuDocu
https://www.nano.gov/
The nano world (slideshare.net)
Nanotechnology PPT and Seminar with pdf report
(studymafia.org)