Work, Power & Energy

Work
 The product of force and the amount of
displacement along the line of action of
that force.

W ork  F orce  displacem e nt

Units: Newton•meter (Joule)
ft . lbs (horsepower)
Work = F x d
To calculate work done on an object, we need:
The Force
The average magnitude of the force
The direction of the force
The Displacement
The magnitude of the change of position
The direction of the change of position
Calculate Work
 During the ascent phase of a rep of the
bench press, the lifter exerts an
average vertical force of 1000 N
against a barbell while the barbell
moves 0.8 m upward
 How much work did the lifter do to the
barbell?
Calculate Work
Table of Variables:
Force = 1000 N
Displacement = 0.8 m

Force is positive due to pushing upward

Displacement is positive due to moving
upward
Calculate Work
Table of Variables:
Force = 1000 N
Displacement = 0.8 m
Select the equation and solve:
Work  Force  displacement
Work   1000 N   0.8m 
Work  800 Nm  800 Joule  800 J
- & + Work
Positive work is performed when
the direction of the force and
the direction of motion are the
same
 ascent phase of the bench press
 Throwing a ball
 push off (upward) phase of a jump
Calculate Work
 During the descent phase of a rep of
the bench press, the lifter exerts an
average vertical force of 1000 N
against a barbell while the barbell
moves 0.8 m downward
Calculate Work
Table of Variables
Force = +1000 N
Displacement = -0.8 m

Force is positive due to pushing upward

Displacement is negative due to movement
downward
 Calculate Work
Table of Variables
Force = +1000 N
Displacement = -0.8 m
Select the equation and solve:
Work  Force  displaceme nt
Work   1000 N   0.8m 
Work  800 Nm  800 Joule  800 J
- & + Work
Positive work
Negative work is performed when
the direction of the force and the
direction of motion are the opposite
 descent phase of the bench press
 catching
 landing phase of a jump
Work performed climbing
stairs
 Work = Fd
 Force
 Subject weight
 From mass, ie 65 kg
 Displacement
 Height of each step
 Typical 8 inches (20cm)
 Work per step
 650N x 0.2 m = 130.0 Nm
 Multiply by the number of steps
Power
 The rate of doing work
 Work = Fd

Power  Work / time

Power  Fd / t
Power  Force  velocity
Units: Fd/s = J/s = watt
Calculate & compare power
 During the ascent phase of a rep of the
bench press, two lifters each exert an
average vertical force of 1000 N
against a barbell while the barbell
moves 0.8 m upward
 Lifter A: 0.50 seconds
 Lifter B: 0.75 seconds
Calculate & compare power
Lifter A Lifter B’s time would
Table of Variables be .75 sec instead of
.5 sec
F = 1000 N
d = 0.8 m
t = 0.50 s
Fd
Power 
t
1000 N  0.8m
Power 
0.50 s
800 J
Power   1600 w
0.50 s
Energy
 Energy (E) is defined as the capacity to do
work (scalar)
 Many forms
 No more created, only converted
 chemical, sound, heat, nuclear, mechanical

 Kinetic Energy (KE):

 energy due to motion
 Potential Energy (PE):
 energy due to position or deformation
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion reflects
 the mass
 the velocity of the object

KE = 1/2 mv 2
Calculate Kinetic Energy

How much KE in a 5
ounce baseball (145 g)
thrown at 80 miles/hr
(35.8 m/s)?
Calculate Kinetic Energy
Table of Variables
Mass = 145 g  0.145 kg
Velocity = 35.8 m/s
Calculate Kinetic Energy
Table of Variables
Mass = 145 g  0.145 kg
Velocity = 35.8 m/s
Select the equation and solve:
KE = ½ m v2
KE = ½ (0.145 kg)(35.8 m/s)2
KE = ½ (0.145 kg)(1281.54 m/s/s)
KE = ½ (185.8 kg m/s/s)
KE = 92.9 kg m/s/s, or 92.9 Nm, or 92.9J
Calculate Kinetic Energy
How much KE possessed by
a 68.1 kg female volleyball
player moving downward at
3.2 m/s after a block?
Calculate Kinetic Energy
Table of Variables
 68.18 kg of mass
 -3.2 m/s
Select the equation and solve:
KE = ½ m v2
 KE = ½ (68.18 kg)(-3.2 m/s)2
 KE = ½ (68.18 kg)(10.24 m/s/s)
 KE = ½ (698.16 kg m/s/s)
 KE = 349.08 Nm or J
Calculate Kinetic Energy
Compare KE possessed by:
 a 220 pound (100 kg) running back
moving forward at 4.0 m/s
 a 385 pound (175 kg) lineman moving
forward at 3.75 m/s
Calculate Kinetic Energy
Table of Variables Table of Variables
m = 100 Kg m = 175 kg
v = 4.0 m/s v = 3.75 m/s
Select the equation Select the equation
and solve: and solve:
KE = ½ m v2 KE = ½ m v2
KE = ½ (100 kg)(4.0 KE = ½ (175)(3.75)2
m/s)2 KE = 1230 J
KE = 800 J
Potential Energy
Two forms of PE:
Gravitational PE:
energy due to an object’s position
relative to the earth
Strain PE:
due to the deformation of an object
Gravitational PE
 Affected by the object’s
 weight
mg
 elevation (height) above reference point
 ground or some other surface
h
GPE = mgh
Calculate GPE
How much gravitational potential energy
in a 45 kg gymnast when she is 4m
above the mat of the trampoline?

Trampoline mat is 1.25 m

above the ground
Calculate GPE
GPE relative to mat GPE relative to ground
Table of Variables Table of Variables
m = 45 kg m = 45 kg
g = 10 m/s/s g = 10m/s/s
h=4m h = 5.25 m
PE = mgh PE = mgh
PE = 45kg * 9.81 m/s/s PE = 45kg * 9.81 m/s/s
*4m * 5.25 m
PE = 1764 J PE = 2317.6 J