Q-1)

(a)Let's denote the applied force as appliedFapplied, the horizontal frictional force as frictionFfriction,
and the angle of 25 degrees as θ.

First, we'll resolve the applied force into horizontal and vertical components:

horizontal=applied⋅cos⁡()Fhorizontal=Fapplied⋅cos(θ)

vertical=applied⋅sin⁡()Fvertical=Fapplied⋅sin(θ)

Since the load is moving at a constant speed, the net force in the horizontal direction is zero
(Newton's first law). Therefore:

horizontal=frictionFhorizontal=Ffriction

Now, we can substitute in the values and solve for appliedFapplied:

friction=470 NFfriction=470N (given) =25∘θ=25∘

horizontal=applied⋅cos⁡(25∘)Fhorizontal=Fapplied⋅cos(25∘)

470 N=applied⋅cos⁡(25∘)470N=Fapplied⋅cos(25∘)

Now, solve for appliedFapplied:

applied=470 Ncos⁡(25∘)Fapplied=cos(25∘)470N

Using a calculator:

applied≈514.69 NFapplied≈514.69N

So, the average value of the force that will enable the load to move at a constant speed is
approximately 514.69 Newtons.

b)
 Force (F) = 514.69 N
 Distance (d) = 2500 m
 Angle (θ) = 25 degrees

Now, you can use the formula for work:

Work (W) = Force (F) × Distance (d) × cos(θ)

W = 514.69 N × 2500 m × cos(25 degrees)

Now, calculate the work done:

W = 514.69 N × 2500 m × cos(25 degrees)

 W ≈ 514.69 N × 2500 m × 0.9063 (rounded value of cos(25 degrees))

W ≈ 1151771.875 joules

So, the work done on the load by the force is approximately 1,151,771.875 joules.

c)

Average Power (P) = Work Done (W) / Time (t)

You've already calculated the work done (W) to be approximately 1,151,771.875

joules.

Now, you need to convert the time from hours to seconds because the work was
done over 1.2 hours:

Time (t) = 1.2 hours × 3600 seconds/hour = 4320 seconds

Now, you can calculate the average power:

Average Power (P) = Work Done (W) / Time (t)

P = 1,151,771.875 joules / 4320 seconds

P ≈ 267.21 watts (rounded to two decimal places)

So, the average power required to move the load is approximately 267.21 watts.

c)

When an athlete pulls a load uphill at a constant speed, it means they are doing work
against gravity to overcome the gravitational potential energy difference between
the initial and final positions of the load. The minimum average power required in
this scenario is greater compared to pulling the load on a horizontal surface at the
same speed because of the additional work done against gravity.

Let's break it down in terms of kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) changes:

1. Horizontal Motion (No Incline, on a flat surface):

 When the load is moved horizontally on a flat surface at a constant speed,
there is minimal change in height, and therefore, minimal change in
gravitational potential energy (ΔPE = 0).
 The kinetic energy (KE) of the load remains relatively constant.
 The work done primarily involves overcoming horizontal friction and air
resistance.
 The minimum average power required is relatively low because most of the

effort is used to overcome horizontal resistance.
2. Uphill Motion (Incline):
 When the load is pulled uphill at a constant speed, it moves vertically,
resulting in a significant change in height, and therefore, a significant change
in gravitational potential energy (ΔPE > 0).
 The athlete must provide additional energy to lift the load against gravity.
 The kinetic energy (KE) of the load remains relatively constant if the speed is
constant.
 The work done includes both the work required to overcome horizontal
friction and air resistance (similar to the horizontal motion) and the work
required to lift the load against gravity.
 The minimum average power required is greater because it needs to account
for both horizontal and vertical work. The vertical work is the additional factor
that increases the power requirement.

In summary, when pulling a load uphill, the athlete must do extra work against
gravity to raise the load's potential energy. This additional work increases the
average power requirement compared to moving the load on a horizontal surface at
the same speed, where the change in potential energy is minimal. The energy used
to overcome gravity contributes to the increased power demand in uphill motion.

Q-2)
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Q-5)