WORK

- Is the amount of force applied to

an object over a distance
 3 CONDITIONS FOR WORK TO BE
DONE

- There must be a force acting on the

object.
-
The object has to move a
certain distance called the
displacement.
-
There must be a component of
the force in the direction of the
motion.
WORK IS NOT DONE
WHEN :
- The object is stationary
-No force applied on the object in the
direction of the motion
-The direction of the motion of the object
is perpendicular to that of the applied
force
-When work is done and energy is
transferred to the object
A B
A B
 d F

A boy applies a force to a wall and becomes

exhausted.
 F
d

A waiter carries a tray full of meals by his arm

across the room
 CALCULATING THE AMOUNT OF
WORK

W ( F cos θ ) d
=
F – force parallel to the displacement | newton (N)
d – displacement | meters (m)
Θ – the angel between the force and the
displacement
W – work | newton-meters or joules ( J )
A book weighing 1.0 N is lifted 2 m. How much
work was done?
-2J
It took 50 J to push a chair 5 m across the
floor. With what force was the chair pushed?
- 10 N
A force of 100 N was necessary to lift a rock. A
total of 150 J of work was done. How far was
the rock lifted?
- 0.666 m
DID YOU
KNOW ?
If you have to lift a new sofa to a second floor
apartment, the work done against the gravity is
the same whether you haul it straight up the
side of the building with ropes or take a longer
path up the stairs.

Only the vertical distance matters because the

force of gravity is vertical
Try to solve:

A box is dragged across a

floor by a 100N force directed
60o above the horizontal. How
much work does the force do in
pulling the object 8m?
Solve:

A porter pulls a 10kg luggage along a

level road for 5 m by exerting a force of 20N
at an angle of 30o with the horizontal
shoulder through a vertical distance of 1.5
meters and carries it for another 5 meters.
How much work does he do in
a.)
pulling
b.) lifting
c.)
carrying
the
a.) pulling the luggage
Given: F – 20 N Find:
Θ – 30o W
d –5
m
Sol’n : W = ( F cos θ ) d
= (20 N) (cos 30o) (5m)

W = 87 J
b.) lifting the luggage
Given : m – 10 kg Find:
d – 1.5 m W
Sol’n : W=F x d
F=?
= (98 N) (1.5m)

W = 147 J
 c.) carrying the luggage

W= O
The force on the luggage is perpendicular to the
direction of motion. The distance moved in the
direction of force is zero. Therefore, work is
zero.
Hence, the porter does no work in carrying the
luggage.
 ENERG
Y
- The capacity to do work
Kinetic Energy
- the energy possessed by bodies in
motion

Potential Energy
-stored energy
- Associated with forces that depend on
the position or configuration of a body
and its surroundings.
 POTENTIAL ENERGY: THE STORED ENERGY

|Gravitational Potential Energy|

- the energy of an object due to its
higher position in the
gravitational field

PEg = mgh
Solve :
A 800g ball is pulled up a slope
as shown in the diagram.
Calculate the potential energy it
gains.

50 cm
20 cm
Solve :
A box has a mass of 5.8kg.
The box is lifted from the
garage floor and placed on
a shelf. If the box gains
145J, how high is the shelf?
 |Elastic Potential Energy|
- stored energy in a spring by
stretching or compressing it

Pes = 2 1
𝑘𝑥 2
 k – spring
constant
F
k
x
x – stretched distance of the elastic object
When a 4 kg mass is hung vertically on a
certain light spring that obeys Hooke's
law, the spring stretches 2.5 cm. If the 4
kg mass is removed,

(a)how far will the spring stretch if a 1.5

kg mass is hung on it, and

(b)(b) how much work must an external

agent do to stretch the same spring 4
cm from its unstretched position?
(a)We find the spring constant of
the spring from the given
data.

F = kx.
F = mg = -(4 kg)(9.8 m/s2) = -39.2N.
k = F/x = (39.2 N)/(0.025 m) =
1568
N/m.
Now we use x = F/k to find the
displacement of a 1.5 kg mass.
F = (1.5kg)(9.8m.s2)
= 14.7 N.
x = (14.7 N)/(1568 N/m)
= 0.009375 m
= 0.975 cm.
(b) W = (1/2)kx2
= (1/2)(1568 N/m)(0.04m)2
= 1.2544 Nm
= 1.2544 J
A 5 cm stretched spring with a 15 g
bag of salt hanging on it is lifted
up by 7 meters.

Calculate its elastic potential energy .

KINETIC ENERGY: ENERGY IN MOTION

KE = 2 1
𝑚𝑣 2

m - mass of the
object
v – velocity
 Solve :
calculate the kinetic energy of
a 1000 kg car travelling at 60 km/h.
1
KE = 2 𝑚𝑣 2
1
= 2 (1000kg)(60𝑘𝑚/ℎ)2

= 138 944.45 J
Solve :

A van has a mass of 3000 kg and

a car has a mass of 1500 kg.

if both are travelling at the same

speed, how would you compare
their kinetic energy?
 Van : KE = ½ (3000 kg) 𝑣 2
KE = 1500 𝑣 2

Car : KE = ½ (1500 kg) 𝑣 2

KE = 750 𝑣2

The van’s KE is twice the KE of the car.

POWER
- the rate of doing work
 CALCULATING POWER

P= 𝑊
𝑡
W = work done | newton meters (J)
t = time | seconds (s)
P = power | joules per second (J/s)
or watts (W)
Solve :
Dan climbs a flight of stairs in
1.5 minutes. If he weighs 450 N and
the stairs is 10 meters from the
ground, how much power will he
develop?
Given : t = 1.5 min / 90 s
F = 450 N
d = 10 m
 𝑊
P= �
�
(450 𝑁)(10 𝑚 )
=
90 𝑠
= 50 N ● m/s
or 50 W
 DID YOU KNOW ?

The unit of power, watt (W),

was named after the Scottish
mathematician and engineer –
JAMES WATT
 Solve :
Andy and Bryan each lift a 150 kg barbell at
a height of 1.5 m off the ground. Andy lifts
his barbell in 1 second and Bryan lifts his
barbell in 2 seconds.

a.) who does more work ? Explain.

b.) who exerts more power ?
a.) both do the same amount of work.
b.) Andy : P = W/t
P = (150 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (1.5 m)
1s
P ≈ 2200 watt
Bryan : P =
W/t
P = (150 kg) (9.8
m/s2) (1.5 m)
2s
SIMPLE MACHINES