WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

4.1 Apply the concept of work

4.1.1 Define work

FORMULA 1. W=Fs
Work(J) = Force(N) x distance (m)

2. W=Fs cos ɵ
Work(J) = Force(N) x distance (m) x cos ɵ

3. W=mgh
Work(J) = mass(kg) x gravity(ms-2) x height(m)
WORK

DEFINE: EXAMPLE 1. A 5kg box is lifted 0.5m into the air by Ali.
the product of an applied
force and distance of an
object in the direction of
the applied force.

2. A horse pulls a cart of full coal with 50N of

force along 1000m.

3. John pull his sister with 50N of force along

30m with 30° of angle.

S.I UNIT Newton meter (Nm) Or Joule (J)

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4.1.2 Calculate work by using formulas: W=Fs and W=mgh

EXAMPLE QUESTIONS

W=Fs W=mgh
Robert pushes a car for 50 metres with a A 5kg cat is lifted 5m into the air. Calculate
force of 1000N. Calculate the work. the work.
Solution: Solution:
W=Fs W=mgh
W=1000 x 50 W=5 x 9.81 x 5
W=50,000J W=245.25J

W=Fs cos 
An object is pulled by the force of 50N
along a smooth horizontal floor at an angle
of 45° for 10m. Calculate the work done on
the object.
Solution:
W=Fs cos 
W= (50) (10) cos 45°
W= 353.553J

4.1.1 Apply the concept and formula of work in solving the related problems

EXERCISE

1. Amin lifts a 50 kg hiking bag onto his 2. Mimi with a mass of 100 kg is climbing
shoulders through a vertical distance of up to the top of 20 m stairs with 25°
1.65 m. Calculate the work done. inclined. Calculate the work done.
Solution: Solution:

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3. A 1500 J of work is needed to raise an
object vertically. If the mass of the object
is 3.5 kg, calculate the height that can be
reached by the object.
Solution:
5. A student lifts a bucket with a force of 45 6. Calculate the work done against gravity
N at a height 500 cm out of a well.
Calculate work done by the student.
Solution:
7. A man is mopping the floor with a force
of 32 N at an angle of 70°. Calculate
work has the man done after mopping
the floor in a distance of 10m
horizontally.
Solution:
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4. A stone weigh 10 N falls from the top of
a 250 m high cliff. Calculate the work is
done by the force of gravity in pulling
the stone to the foot of the cliff.
Solution:
in lifting a 2.5kg object through vertical
distance of 50cm.
Solution:
8. Sheila has just arrived at the airport and
is dragging her suitcase to the
luggage check-in desk. She pulls on the
strap with a force of 190N at an angle of
35° horizontally to displace it 45m to the
desk. Determine the work done by
Sheila on the suitcase.
Solution:
 4.2 Explain the Renewable Energy

4.2.1 Define renewable energy and non-renewable energy

Renewable Energy Non-Renewable Energy

Define: Define:
Energy generated from natural resources Types of energy that cannot be replaced
such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and after they have been used: Fossil fuels are
geothermal heat. non-renewable energy sources.

Examples: Examples:

To be successful you have to have your heart in your

business.

4.2.2 Describe the primary renewable energy resources and technologies.

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4.2.3 Explain the advantages of renewable energy to mankind.

4.3 Apply The Concept of Energy

4.3.1 Define Kinetic energy and Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

Define and SI unit Define and SI unit

Energy of an object due to its motion. Energy of an object due to its position or
(SI unit: Joule (J)) state. (SI unit: Joule (J))
Formula: Formula:
1 E p  mgh
E K  mv 2
2 m = mass, kg
m = mass, kg h = height, m
v = speed of the object, m/s g = gravity, 9.81 m/s2

Example:

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4.3.2 Calculate form of energy by using formulas: a. EK  mv 2 b. E p  mgh
2

EXAMPLE QUESTIONS
1 b. E p  mgh
a. EK  mv 2
2
Example: Example:
A car with a mass of 1200 kg moves with a A ball of mass 2 kg falls from a height of
velocity of 25 m/s. Calculate the kinetic 1.25 m. Calculate the gravitational potential
energy possessed by the car. energy possessed by the ball.

Solution: Solution:
1 E p  mgh
E K  mv 2
2 E p  (2)(9.81)(1.25)
1
E K  (1200 )(25) 2 E p  24.525 J
2
E K  375000 J

Exercise:

1. A lift with its passengers has a total mass
of 1350 kg. Calculate the gravitational
potential energy gained by the lift by
moving upwards to a height of 25 m.
Solution:
2. Jacob, the former platform diver for the
Jumbo's Circus, had a kinetic energy of
12 000 J just prior to hitting the bucket
of water. If Jacob's mass is 40 kg,
calculate her speed.
Solution:

3. You serve volleyball with a mass of 2.1
kg. The ball leaves your hand with a
speed of 108 km/h. The ball has kinetic
energy. Calculate it.
Solution:
4. A baby carriage is sitting at the top of a
hill that is 21 m high. The carriage with
the baby weighs 12 N. The carriage has
potential energy. Calculate it.
Solution:

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5. A bullet has a speed of 80 m/s with 6. An object with 25 N weight fell in the
3000J kinetic energy. Calculate the mass height of 5 m. Calculate the gravitational
of the bullet. potential energy that it lost.
Solution: Solution:

7. The kinetic energy of a car is 40000J.
Calculate a velocity of the car if its mass
is 10000kg.
Solution:
8. A man of 50kg climbs to the top of a
building which is 40m in height.
Calculate the potential energy of the
man.
Solution:

9. A 78kg skydiver has a speed of 62m/s at an altitude of 870m above the ground.
i. Calculate the kinetic energy produced by the skydiver.
Solution:

ii. Determine the potential energy produced by the skydiver.

Solution:

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4.3.3 State principle of conservation of energy

DEFINE:
states that energy cannot be created or
destroyed but can change from one form to
another.

S.I UNIT:
Joule(J)

Principle of conservation of Energy EXAMPLE:

Energy can change from one form to another.

Total energy before conversion = total energy after conversion

ET  E P  E K
1
ET  mgh  mv 2
2
 v  2 gh
2

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 EXAMPLE QUESTION

An object of 30 kg mass was lifted as high as 3 m from the ground and was let to fall
under the gravitational reaction. Calculate the gravitational potential energy and the
kinetic energy possessed by the object under these situations:
i) Before it was let to fall
ii) 1 meter under free fall
iii) Right after its touched the ground

before

1meter

Touch the ground

Solution:

i) Before it was let to fall

E P  mgh 1
E K  mv 2
 (30)(9.81)(3) 2
 882 .9 J 1
 (30)0 2
2
 0J
1
ET  mgh  mv 2
2
 882.9 J  0 J
 882.9 J

ii) 1 meter under free fall

E P  mgh 1 2 From total energy, ET
EK  mv
 (30)(9.81)(2) 2 ET  E P  E K
 588 .6 J 1
 (30)v 2 ET  mgh  E K
2 882 .9 J  588 .6 J  E K
 v 2  2(9.81)(1) or 882 .9 J  588 .6 J  E K
 19.62 294 .3J  E K
1
 (30)(19.62)
2
 294 .3J

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iii) Right after its touched the ground
E P  mgh 1 From total energy, ET
E K  mv 2
 (30)(9.81)(0) 2 ET  E P  E K
 0J 1
 (30)v 2 ET  mgh  E K
2 882 .9 J  0 J  E K
 v 2  2(9.81)(3) or 882 .9 J  0 J  E K
 58.86 882 .9 J  E K
1
 (30)(58.86)
2
 882 .9 J
EXERCISE:

1. A cat with mass 2.5kg is trying to jump off a tree

which is 7m high from the ground. Calculate the
potential energy and kinetic energy based on the
situation below:
i. While the cat is still on the tree.
ii. When the cat falls 2.5m from the tree.
iii. When the cat touches the ground.

Solution:

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2. A book with 2400 g mass was lifted on a book shell as high as 170 cm from the
ground and accidently fall under the gravitational reaction. Calculate the
gravitational potential energy and the kinetic energy possessed by the object under
these situations:
i. before it is falling.
ii. 1 meter under free fall
iii. right after it touched the ground.

Solution:

3. A 200g bullet move through the air on 250m high with 150m/s velocity. Calculate
i. Potential energy
ii. Kinetic energy
iii. Total energy

Solution:

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4. A durian with a mass of 1.5kg falls from a tree branch which is 8.75 m high from the
ground. Calculate:
i. Potential Energy while the durian is still at the tree branch.
ii. Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy when the durian falls 3m from the tree.
iii. Velocity of the durian when touches the ground.

Solution:

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5. Figure below shows a roller coaster with a mass of 5 kg gliding on a frictionless
track which stop at the point R.

i. Find the total energy of the roller coaster when reaching the point P
ii. Calculate the speed of the roller coaster at the point Q by using total energy.

Solution:

6. A steel ball of a mass 2 kg is released from a height of 8 m from the ground. On

hitting the ground, the ball rebounds to a height of 3.2 m. Assuming there is no
other energy leaves or enters the system during the process, find:
i. The kinetic energy of the ball as it reaches the ground
ii. The velocity of the ball on reaching the ground
iii. The kinetic energy of the ball as it leaves the ground on rebound
iv. The velocity of the ball on rebound

Solution:

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4.4 Apply The Concept of Power

4.4.1 Define Power

FORMULA
Work
1. P 
time
mgh
2. P 
t
3. P  Fv
POWER
EXAMPLE 3. A 5kg box is lifted 0.5m into the air by Ali in
DEFINE: 3s.
Power is defined as the rate
of doing work.

4. A horse pulls a cart of full coal with 50N of

force along 1000m in 10 minutes.

3. John pull his sister with 50N of force along

30m with 30° of angle in 3 minutes.

S.I UNIT Joule/second (J/s) or Watt(W)

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 W
4.4.2 Calculate power by using formulas, P  and P  Fv
t

EXAMPLE QUESTIONS:

W
P P  Fv
t
A motor lifting a weight having a mass of 1.2 A forklift lifts a 505 kg box at a velocity of
kg. The motor lifts the weight up to a height 4m/s. Calculate the power.
of 1.0 m in 6 s. Calculate the power of the
motor.

Solution: Solution:
P? P?
W  F  s  m  g  s  1.2  9.81  1.0  11.772 J F  m  g  505  9.81  4954 .05 N
t  6s v  4m / s
11.772 P  4954 .05  4
P
6 P  19816 .2W
P  1.962W

Exercise:

1. Mohamad lifted a bucket of 39000 g in 150 2. Calculate the power is done by Mark by
seconds out of a well. The bucket was lifted at a holding a 15 N sack of potatoes while
height of 20 m. Calculate power. waiting in line about 0.75m at the grocery
store for 3 minutes.

Solution: Solution:

3. A set of pulleys lifts an 800 N crate 4 4. A boy on a bicycle drags a wagon full of
meters in 7 seconds. Calculate power was newspapers at 0.80 m/s for 30 min using a
used. force of 40 N. Calculate the power has
the boy done.

Solution: Solution:

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4.4.3 Define energy efficiency

Poweruseful output
Efficiency  100 %
Power input
Energyuseful output
FORMULA Efficiency  100 %
Energy input
EFFICIENCY

DEFINE:
Efficiency is defined as the
percentage of the input
energy that is transformed
into useful energy. EXAMPLE
1.
INPUT AFTER OUTPUT
POWER USING POWER
12W 5W

Efficiency of an ideal machine is 100 % but an

actual machine's efficiency will always be less
than 100% because some of the work put into
the system is transformed (lost) into thermal
energy (heat)
UNIT %

4.4.4 Calculate the efficiency of mechanical system.

EXAMPLE EXERCISE

An electric motor has an input power of 120 W. It lifts a 20 kg to a

vertical height of 1.5 m in 5 s. Calculate the efficiency of the electric
motor.

SOLUTION:
Poweruseful output
Efficiency 100%
Power input
Efficiency ?
m  g  s 20  9.81  1.5
Poweruseful output    58.86W
t 5
Power input 120W
58.86
Efficiency  100 %
120
Efficiency 49.05% (answer)

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EXERCISE
1. 1200 J of electrical energy was supplied
to the computer. 200 J of energy are wasted
in the form of heat and sound. Calculate the
efficiency of this computer.
SOLUTION:
3. An electric motor lifts an object of 200 kg
to a height of 150 m in 60 seconds. If the
input power of the electric motor is 6000 W,
calculate the efficiency of the electric motor.
SOLUTION:
5. A lift and its passengers have a total mass
of 750 kg. It moves up a vertical height of
15 m in 4 s.
i. Calculate the output power of the lift.
ii. If the input power of the lift is 50 kW,
calculate the efficiency of the lift.
SOLUTION:
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2. A multipurpose vehicle with a mass of
250 000 g is being lifted to a towing truck
located 10 m above the ground using a
system of pulleys and a diesel motor.
Calculate the efficiency if the power input is
2000 W.
SOLUTION:
4. A crane lifts a bucket to a height of 2m.
Given the time taken is 3.5s and the input
power is 6726 Watt. If the mass of the
bucket is 900 kg calculate the efficiency of
the crane.
SOLUTION:
6. A television that is 83% efficient provides
4 600 J of useful energy. Calculate the
energy does it consume.
SOLUTION: