CHAPTER 7:

ENERGY
AND POWER
 7.1 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

Work The product of force and displacement in the direction of the

force

S.I. unit is joule (J)

1 joule (J) of work is done when a force of 1 newton (N) is

used to move an object over a distance of 1 metre (m) in the
direction of the force, that is 1 J = 1 Nm
 • W is the work done
W = Fs • F is the force
• S is the displacement
There is work done by the man There is no work done by the man
There is work done by the players
 1.5 m

0.5 m

𝑊 =𝐹𝑠

150 m

𝑠=?

60 000 m

200 m
)
4800 kJ
 7.1 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

Energy The ability to do work

S.I. unit is joule (J)

When a force of 1 N is used to move an object over a distance

of 1 m in the direction of the force, 1 J of energy is used
 7.1 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

Power The rate of doing work

S.I. unit for work is watt (W)

When 1 joule (J) of work is done in 1 second (s), power of 1

watt (W) is used, that is 1 W = 1 J
7.1 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

• P is the power
• W is the work done
P= • t is the time taken
IGCSE NOTES:

F=ma
m = mass
a = acceleration
Example:
What is the work done and power for a monkey
weighing 50 N climbed a height of 3 m up a tree
in 20s?
Given: Solutions:

Weight, w = 50N
Displacement, s = 3 m
Time taken, t : 20s

Find:

Work done
Power

Use:
Example:
What is the work done and power of the
athlete lifting a weight of 150 N to a height of
1m in 0.5 s?
Given: Solutions:

Weight, w = 150N
Displacement, s = 1 m
Time taken, t : 0.5 s

Find:

Work done
Power

Use:
Its time for
Calling Game
Example:
What is the work done and power for the
student in figure to pull a 3 kg of box over a
displacement of 2 m in 5 s
Given: Solutions:

Mass, m= 3 kg
Displacement, s = 2 m
Time taken, t : 5 s

Find:

Work done
Power

Use:
Where did the hammer get the
energy to do the work of pushing
the pile into the ground?
 7.2 POTENTIAL ENERGY AND KINETIC
ENERGY

Gravitational Potential
Energy The work done to lift an object to a
height, h, from the Earth's surface

Gravitational potential energy = mgh

m is the object mass in kg

g is the gravitational acceleration in m
h is the height in m
Gravitational Potential Energy
Figure shows a lift at KLCC mall. The Lift can carry a load of mass 1500 kg
to a height of 30m.

a) How much work is done by this lift?

b) What is the gravitational potential energy of this lift at a height of 30 m?

c) What is the relationship between work done by the lift and gravitational
potential energy of the lift?

d) What is the power of the lift in kW if the time taken to lift a load of mass
1500 kg to a height of 30 m in 0.5 minutes
Example:
Figure shows a lift at KLCC mall. The Lift can carry
a load of mass 1500 kg to a height of 30m.
a) How much work is done by this lift?
Given: Solutions:

Mass, m= 1500 kg
Displacement, s = 30 m

Find:

Work done

Use:
or
Example:
Figure shows a lift at KLCC mall. The Lift can carry
a load of mass 1500 kg to a height of 30m.
b)What is the gravitational potential energy of
this lift at a height of 30 m?
Given: Solutions:

Mass, m= 1500 kg
Height, h = 30 m

Find:

Gravitational Potential Energy or

Use:
Example:
Figure shows a lift at KLCC mall. The Lift can carry
a load of mass 1500 kg to a height of 30m.
c) Find:
Relationship between work done by the lift and
gravitational potential energy of the lift

Solutions:
Example:
Figure shows a lift at KLCC mall. The Lift can carry
a load of mass 1500 kg to a height of 30m.
What is the power of the lift in kW if the time
taken to lift a load of mass 1500 kg to a height of
30 m in 0.5 minutes
Given: Solutions:

Mass, m= 1500 kg
Height, h = 30 m
Time, t = 0.5 min
Find:

Power
Use:
Its time for
Calling Game
Exercise:
1. A crane lifts a 75 kg mass a height of 8 m.
Calculate the gravitational potential energy
gained by the mass

Given: Solutions:

Mass, m= 75kg
Height, h = 8m

Find:

Gravitational Potential Energy

Use:
 7.2 POTENTIAL ENERGY AND KINETIC
ENERGY

Elastic Potential
Energy The work done to compress or stretch an elastic material over a displacement
of x from the position of equilibrium

Elastic potential energy = Fx

F is the stretching or compression force in N

x is the displacement from the equilibrium position in m
Force (N)

displacement
Force (N)

displacement
Force (N)

displacement
Force (N)

displacement
Force (N)

displacement
Exercise:

Given: Solutions:

Find:

Elastic Potential Energy

Use:
Its time for
Calling Game
Elastic Potential Energy Practices

1. A spring when suspended with a mass of 500 g, its length increases by 5 cm.
Determine the elastic potential energy

2. A 2 kg mass is attached to a spring. If the elongation of spring is 4 cm, determine the

elastic potential energy.

3. An athlete jumps onto a spring instrument with a weight of 500 N, the spring shortens
4 cm. Determine the amount of the elastic potential energy to force the athlete.
Exercise:
1. A spring when suspended with a mass of 500 g, its length
increases by 5 cm. Determine the elastic potential energy

Given: Solutions:
Mass = 500g
x = 5 cm ( 0.05 m)

Find:

Elastic Potential Energy

Use:
Exercise:
2. A 2 kg mass is attached to a spring. If the elongation of
spring is 4 cm, determine the elastic potential energy.

Given: Solutions:
Mass = 2 kg
x = 4 cm ( 0.04 m)

Find:

Elastic Potential Energy

Use:
Exercise:
3. An athlete jumps onto a spring instrument with a weight
of 500 N, the spring shortens by 4 cm. Determine the
amount of the elastic potential energy to force the athlete.

Given: Solutions:
Weight = 500 N
x = 4 cm ( 0.04 m)

Find:

Elastic Potential Energy

Use:
 7.2 POTENTIAL ENERGY AND KINETIC
ENERGY

Kinetic Energy
The energy possessed by a moving object

Kinetic energy = m

m is mass in kg
v is velocity in m
Example:

Given: Solutions:

Find:

Kinetic Energy

Use: or
Example:

Given: Solutions:

Find:

Velocity

Use:
Example:

Given: Solutions:

Find:

Kinetic Energy

Use:
Its time for
Calling Game
Kinetic Energy Practices

1. Determine the kinetic energy of a 625 kg roller coaster car that is moving with a
speed of 18 m/s

2. If the roller coaster car in the above problem were moving with twice the speed, then
what would be its new kinetic energy?

3. Missy Diwater, the former platform diver for the Ringling Brother's Circus, had a
kinetic energy of 12000 J just prior to hitting the bucket of water. If Missy's mass is 40
kg, then what was her speed?
Example:
1. Determine the kinetic energy of a 625 kg roller coaster car that is moving with a velocity
of 18 m/s

Find:
Solutions:
Kinetic Energy

Given:

Use:
Example:
If the roller coaster car in the above problem were moving with twice the velocity, then
what would be its new kinetic energy?

Find:
Solutions:
Kinetic Energy

Given:

) Or

Use:
Example:
3. Missy Diwater, the former platform diver for the Ringling Brother's Circus, had a
kinetic energy of 12000 J just prior to hitting the bucket of water. If Missy's mass is 40
kg, then what was her speed?
Find: Solutions:

Velocity

Given:

Use:
7.3 PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY

 The Principle of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or

destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another
 Oscillating systems always experience transformation in the forms of energy between
gravitational potential energy or elastic potential energy and kinetic energy
 Oscillation of a simple pendulum
 Oscillation of a loaded spring
Oscillation of a simple pendulum

X Z

Y
 Oscillation of a simple pendulum

 Gravitational Potential Energy (Height of Pendulum Bob)

X 1 Y 2 Z 3 Y 4 X

Maximum Decrease Minimum Increase Maximum Decrease Minimum Increase Maximum

 Kinetic Energy (Speed of Pendulum Bob)

X 1 Y 2 Z 3 Y 4 X

Zero Increase Maximum Decrease Zero Increase Maximum Decrease Zero

Oscillation of a loaded spring

Z
Y
X
 Oscillation of a loaded spring

 Elastic Potential Energy (Displacement of Spring)

X 1 Y 2 Z 3 Y 4 X

Maximum Decrease Minimum Increase Maximum Decrease Minimum Increase Maximum

 Kinetic Energy (Speed of Spring)

X 1 Y 2 Z 3 Y 4 X

Zero Increase Maximum Decrease Zero Increase Maximum Decrease Zero

Transformation of Kinetic Energy and Potential
Energy in a Closed System

 In a closed system, the transformation of energy between potential energy and kinetic
energy obeys the Principle of Conservation of Energy
 Therefore, the total potential energy and kinetic energy in a closed oscillation system
is constant
 This is because there is no external force such as friction
 Hence, heat energy is not produced in a closed system
Transformation of Kinetic Energy and Potential
Energy in a Closed System
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy in a Closed
System
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy in a Closed
System Practices

1. A boy throws a 0.2 kg rock up with a speed of 5 m/s. If all the kinetic energy becomes
gravitational potential energy, how high will the stone go?

2. A lump of ice falls from an airplane as it comes in to land. If the ice hits the ground
with a vertical speed of 85 m/s, what was the height of the plane when the ice fell off?
Exercise: 1. A boy throws a 0.2 kg rock up with a speed of 5
m/s. If all the kinetic energy becomes gravitational
potential energy, how high will the stone go?

Find: Solutions:
Height,

Given:

Use:
Exercise:
2. A lump of ice falls from an airplane as it comes in to land. If the ice hits the
ground with a vertical speed of 85 m/s, what was the height of the plane when the
ice fell off?

Find: Solutions:
Height,

Given:

Use: