Work, Power, Energy

At the end of the lesson we will be able to:

Identify whether work is being done on an

object
Relate how the angle of a force acting on
an object affects the work done on an
object.
Differentiate potential and kinetic energy
Prove that work is simply change in kinetic
energy
 Work

is defined as the product of the applied force and its displacement

𝑾 = 𝑭𝒅𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 (1)
N∙m or Joules (J)
 Work

If the force is parallel to the displacement, the formula becomes:

𝑾 = 𝑭𝒅 (1.1)
N∙m or Joules (J)
For work to be done:

DISPLACEMENT
A NET FORCE
DISPLACEMENT AND NET FORCE MUST BE ON
SAME AXIS
Sample Problem 1

A big box was being pushed with a

force of 1000 N, what is the work done
on the box if it moved 10 meters.
Sample Problem 2

A waiter carries all

the food on a tray
which weighs 5 kg
, after walking 5
meters, what is the
work done?
 Sample Problem 3

When you push on the wall with a force of

10000 N, what is the work done?
 Sample Problem 4
A big box was being pushed at an angle of 30° with
a force of 1000N, what is the work done on the box
if it moved 10 meters?
Energy

is the capacity to DO work

Mechanical Energy

is the energy associated with the motion

of an object
Kinetic and potential energy
mechanical energy enables an object to
apply a force to another object in order
to cause it to be displaced
Mechanical energy

Potential energy
Kinetic energy
 Potential Energy

1. Elastic potential energy

Energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their
stretching or compressing.
E.g. bungee, rubber bands, springs, arrows drawn into a
bow, etc.
𝟏
𝑷𝑬𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 = 𝒌𝒙𝟐 (2)
𝟐
Where k is the spring constant, while x is the elongation or compression of
the spring.
 Potential Energy

2. Gravitational potential energy

Energy stored in an object as a result of its vertical
position or height.

𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ∙ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∙ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝑷𝑬𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉 (3)

Mechanical energy

Potential energy
Kinetic energy
 Kinetic Energy
Energy in motion
this energy is transferred whenever doing work.
This is directly proportional to the objects mass
and the square of its speed.

𝟏 𝟐
KE = 𝒎𝒗 (Joules) (4)
𝟐
 Sample Problem 4

A 0.50kg ball lies on top of a 2-m high table. What is the

ball’s potential and kinetic energy?
 Sample Problem 5
Philip sees a 0.50-kg ball which is currently rolling on the floor
with a velocity of 2 m/s. What is the ball’s kinetic energy
𝑾 = 𝑲𝑬𝒇 − 𝑲𝑬𝒊 (5)

Work-energy theorem.
Total Mechanical energy

TME = KE + PE (6)
The total mechanical energy of is the sum of the
potential l and kinetic energies
The law of conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed,

but is merely changed from one form into
another
 Conservation of Mechanical energy

𝑀𝐸𝑖 = 𝑀𝐸𝑓 (7.1)

Knowing that ME = PE + KE we can expand the equation into:

𝑃𝐸𝑖 + 𝐾𝐸𝑖 = 𝑃𝐸𝑓 + 𝐾𝐸𝑓 (7.2)

The total mechanical energy of is the sum of the
potential l and kinetic energies
Sample Problem 6
Before, we solved this using free fall/projectile equations:

Rex Things throws his mobile phone vertically upwards with

an initial velocity of 26.2 m/s. Determine the maximum height.

Try using conservation of ME instead.

During a flood a tree of mass
100 kg falls down a waterfall.
The waterfall is 5 m high.
Identify the following:

a. potential energy of the tree

trunk at the top

b. kinetic energy at the bottom

c. The velocity at the bottom

Power

 How much work is done in a certain amount of time.

 Rate of doing work

𝑊
𝑃=
𝑡
The standard units for power is Joules per second or the
Watts (W)
The Horsepower

Aside from Watts, another unit used for

power is the horsepower which is equivalent
to 746 W.
Another formula for Power

Since
𝑊
𝑃=
𝑡
And we know that
𝑊 = 𝐹𝑑
We can get
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝑃 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)
This means…

If we use machines as examples,

Powerful machines are both STRONG (force) and

FAST (velocity)

Powerful _________ are both STRONG (force) and

FAST (velocity)
Two physics students, Will N. Andable and Ben
Pumpiniron, are in the weightlifting room. Will lifts
the 100-pound barbell over his head 10 times in
one minute; Ben lifts the 100-pound barbell over
his head 10 times in 10 seconds.

Which student does the most work?

Which student delivers the most power?
During a physics lab, Jack and Jill ran up a
hill. Jack is twice as massive as Jill; yet Jill
ascends the same distance in half the time.

Who did the most work?

Who delivered the most power?
The product of the applied force and the
displacement through which the force is
applied is _________.

a. energy
b. work
c. power
d. Potential energy
A horizontal force of 200N is applied to
move a 55-kg log across a 10-m level
surface. What is the work done by the 200-N
force on the log due to the applied force?

a. 550 J
b. 2000 J
c. 11 000 J
d. 40 000 J
What happens to the potential energy of an
object if you double the height that it is placed
on?
DOUBLED

What happens to the kinetic energy of an object if

halve its velocity?
4 times weaker
What conditions must be met before
work is done?
What is energy? How do you calculate
gravitational potential energy?
If you try for 30 minutes to move a
heavy object but cannot make it
move, have you done any work on the
object? Why?