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Work, Energy, and Power

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 Work, Energy, and Power
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The word work, power and energy has a specific meaning in Physics. Work is done when a force is
exerted on an object causing the object to move in the direction of a component of the applied force. The work
done can be against frictional force enough to produce motion, can also change the position of the body and to
accelerate a body using a larger force. Delivery of finished product, transfer of raw materials, speeding up are
examples of work.

Power has a scientific meaning that differs somewhat from its everyday meaning. We can say a person
has great strength. In physics, the term power means the rate of doing work. It is how fast the work is done and
measure the same work in a unit time. There are person or even machines that are faster or can perform the work
faster. Like
The power of electric motors, wide screen TV set, air conditioning unit are measured in horsepower or kilowatts.

Energy is the property that enables to do work. The more energy, the more work it can perform. There
are different energy that we see around like gasoline that gives us chemical energy, Electric charges flowing the
conductor gives electrical energy, the sun also give radiant energy.
 Work, Energy, and Power
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WORK is the product of the force and its displacement measured in the same direction with the force.
There will be no work done if a force acting horizontally produces a displacement vertically.
 Work, Energy, and Power
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There are cases wherein force act at a certain angle, θ like pushing a grocery cart.
Consider the figure below.
 Work, Energy, and Power
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UNITS OF WORK
System Work ( W ) Force ( f ) Distance ( S )

MKS Nm = Joule, J Newton, N Meter, m

CGS Dynescm = erg Dynes Centimeter, cm

FPS Ftlb Pound, lb Feet, ft

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Example 1: An empty wooden box is pushed horizontally by a crew using a force of 150 N to move
by 85 cm to the corner.

a) What is the work done by the crew ?

b) If the force applied is at 30 ᵒ, find the work done?

Solution:

a) Given : F = 150 N; S = 85 cm x m/100cm = 0.85 m; θ = 30 ᵒ

Illustration:
 Work, Energy, and Power
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Example 1: An empty wooden box is pushed horizontally by a crew using a force of 150 N to move
by 85 cm to the corner.

a) What is the work done by the crew ?

b) If the force applied is at 30 ᵒ, find the work done?

Solution:

b) Illustration:

Joules
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Power is the amount of work done per unit of time. It is the rate of time in doing the work or
can be can product of force and velocity.

In equation form,

The more power something has, the more work it can perform in a given time. Two special units of
power are in wide use, the watt and the horsepower, where

Work Time Power

1 watt (w) = 1 Joule /sec = 1.34 x hp
erg sec Erg/sec
1-horsepower (hp ) = 550 = 746 watts
1kilowatts (KW) = 1000 watts (W) Joules sec Joules/sec
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Example 1: A driver pushes a car by exerting a force of 120 N and move to a distance of 12 meters in
25 sec. What power does the driver developed?
Solution: mgh
t
Given : F = 120 N; S = 12 m; t = 25 s

Example 2: A 50-kg person runs up the stairs 10 meters high in 5 sec. Determine the power.
Solution:

Given : m = 50 kg; h = S = 10 m; t=5s

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Energy is the ability or capacity to do work. It is also a measure one’ capacity to do work. A person
walking has energy and can perform work, flowing water has also energy as seen in waterfall.

Three Categories of Energy:

1.) Kinetic Energy – is the energy of a body by virtue of its motion.

Formula:
Where : m = mass of the body and v = velocity of the object

Example: A student on a motor bike of mass 60 kg travels the city with a velocity of 8 m/s. Calculate
the Kinetic energy produced by the student?

Given: m = 60 kg; V = 8 m/s

Solution:
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Three Categories of Energy:

2.) Gravitational Potential Energy or Potential Energy – is the energy of a body by virtue of its
position above some reference level. Object can stored energy by its position. Sometime called work
against gravity.

Formula: PE = mgh or PE = wh (in terms of weight of a body )

Where : m = mass of the body; h = height of the body and g = gravitational acceleration

Example: Calculate the potential energy of a man with mass 48 kg climbing up an emergency exit
ladder of a building that is 15 m up the ground .

Given: m = 48 kg; h = 15 m; g = 9.8

Solution:
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Three categories of Energy:

3.) Rest Energy – energy of a body by the virtue of its mass alone.

Formula:
Where: = mass of an object; c = speed of light = 3 x = 9.83 x = 186,000

Law of Conservation of Energy

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed,

although it can be transformed from one kind to another. The total amount of energy in the universe is
constant. A falling stone provides a simple example: More and more of its initial potential energy turns
to kinetic energy as its velocity increases, until finally all its PE has KE when it strikes the ground. The
KE of the stone is then transferred to the ground by impact.
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1 Do you have any
G
P
questions about work,
power, and energy? If none,
prepare for an offline task
(Q4 WW#1).