CHAPTER 7 ENERGY AND POWER

Work done

a) Ali who has a weight of 500 N pushes the

wheelbarrow with a weight of 150 N as far as 4
meters. How much of work is done?

Solution:
Work = Force x Displacement
= 650Nx4m
= 2600J

b) A bag with a mass of 10 kg is lifted from the floor to a
table with a height of 0.8 m. Calculate the work done.
(Assume that the gravitational force acting on an object with
a mass of 1 kg is 10 N).
Solution: 100N x 0.8m= 80J
c) A student who weighs 45 kg walks up a flight
of stairs of 5 m high. What is the work done?
(1 kg = 10 N)
Solution: 450N x 5m =2250J

d) (Moving an object vertically)

A boy with a mass of 55 kg is carrying a 5 kg box
climbs a flight of stairs to a vertical height of 5 metres.
Calculate the work done by the boy.

Solution 600N x 5m=3000J

e) The amount of work done by a man to pull a box Solution:

filled with books over a distance of 5 m is 850 J. Work = Force x Displacement
How much does the box weight ? (1 kg = 10 N)

Y x 5m=850J
Y=850/5
Y=170N
Y=17 kg

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Power

a) (Moving an object vertically)

Worker X uses 600 J of energy to carry all the bricks within 10 seconds.
Worker Y also uses 600 J of energy to carry all the bricks but within 20
seconds. Which worker uses more power to carry the bricks?

Solution
Worker X= 600J/10s
=60 W

Worker Y=600J/20s
Y=30 W

Worker X uses more power to carry the bricks than Worker Y

(Moving an object horizontally)

John who weighs 500 N pushes a wheelbarrow that has a load of 150 N by
4 metres in 8 seconds. How much work is done and how much power is
used?

Solution= 650Nx 4m =2600J

Power=2600J/8s
=325 W

c) Ahmad pulls a weight of 50 N as tall as 6 meters in 8 seconds. How much

of work is done and the power used?

Solution:50Nx6m=300J
300J/8s=37.5 W

d) Solution: 600Nx3m=1800J
If a man weighing 60 kg uses a power of 200 W to climb a 1800J/Ys=200 W
tree, which is 3 m high, calculate the time taken by him to do =9m
the work?
(1 kg = 10 N)

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Determining the power to move an object horizontally

The spring balance shows a reading of 2 N when box

A is pulled 1 metre horizontally within 2 seconds.
2N x 1m=2J
2J/2s=1 W

Determining the power to move an object vertically

Ahmad who weighs 500 N climbs a flight of stairs 一 to a vertical
height of 5 metres in 20 seconds, while Kelly, who also weighs
500 N takes 25 seconds to climb the same flight of stairs.

Ahmad=125 W

Kelly=100 W

Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

a)
An object with a mass 20 kg is 400 m from the ground level.地平面
Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the object,
(g = 10 m s-2)

Solution
Gravitational potential energy, Ep (J)
= mass (kg) x gravitational acceleration (m s 2) x height (m)
=20kg x 200000 m s-2 x 400m
=1600000000 J

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b)
An object with a mass of 500 g is at the top of the tower 塔, 80m
from the ground level.
Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the object,
(g = 10ms-2)

Solution
Gravitational potential energy, Ep (J)
= mass (kg) x gravitational acceleration (m s-2) x height (m)
=0.5 x 5000 x 80
= 200000J

Elastic potential energy

a) The diagram below shows a spring with an original length of

15 cm. When the spring is pulled with a force of 10 N, the
length of the spring becomes 18 cm. How much of kinetic
energy is stored in the spring?

Solution:1/2 x 10N x 0.03m

=0.15 J

b)
A spring is placed vertically as shown in Diagram 7.5.
When a wooden block with a mass of 500 g is put on
the spring, the length reduces from 20 cm to 16 cm.
Calculate the elastic potential energy stored in the
spring.

Solution:1/2 x 5N x 0.04

=0.1 J

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Kinetic energy

a)
A bird with a mass of 1 kg is flying with a velocity of 10
ms-1. Calculate the kinetic energy possessed by the bird.

Solution
Kinetic energy, Ek = ½ mv2
½ x 1 x 10
=5 J

b)
A man with a mass of 60 kg is running with a velocity of
10 m s-1.
Calculate the kinetic energy possessed by the man.

Solution ½ x 60 x 10 = 300 J

c)
When a car with a mass of 200 kg moves at a velocity Solution ½ x 200 x 80000
of 80 km h -1 . Calculate the kinetic energy possessed =8000000 J
by the car.

Principle of Conservation of Energy

Calculations in the Principle of Conservation of Energy

Example 1 Solution: GPE=Maximum
Azizul released a ball with a mass of 500 g from the height of 20m KE=zero
Calculate the velocity of the ball before it touches the floor.

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Example 2
The diagram below shows an archer 弓箭手 pulling an arrow 拉箭 from an
elastic cord 绳子. If the elastic potential energy that is kept in the cord is 6.25 J.
Calculate:
(a) The kinetic energy of arrow when released,
(b) Mass of arrow if the speed of the arrow before touching 碰到 the
target 目标 is 10 m s-1.

Solution:
(a) Kinetic energy (of arrow) = Potential energy of the elastic cord = 6.25 J

Example 3
(a) Calculate the kinetic energy when a person with a mass of 50
kg is cycling at a velocity of 6 m s-1 at the foot of the hill 山脚.
(b) Calculate the height achieved 达到 by the cyclist at the top of
the hill.
[Given that g = 10 m s-2]

Solution
(a) Kinetic energy (J)= ½ mv2 =

(b) Based on the principle of conservation of energy, at the top of the

hill, gravitational potential energy is equal to the kinetic energy.

Example 4
The diagram shows a toy pistol 玩具枪. A dart with a mass of 0.01 kg
is pressed into the pistol by compressing the spring. The length of the
compressed spring is 4 cm. Spring length stretches to 8 cm when a
force of 3 N is exerted on the trigger 触发器, when the dart 飞镖 is
fired

Calculate the velocity of the dart.

Solution
Based on the principle of conservation of energy,
Kinetic energy gained, Ek = Elastic potential energy lost, Ep