WORK (Joules/J)

Transfer of energy
Occurs when a force makes an object move a
distance.
 UNITS FOR WORK
SYSTEM Work Force Displacement
MKS Joules (J) Newton (N) m
CGS Ergs Dynes cm
FPS Foot pound Pounds ft
Standard Unit 1 Joules= 1 Nm = 1 kgm2/s2
FORMULA FOR WORK
a. Work done by force

W=Fxd
1.You are helping a friend to push your mother’s
heavy shopping cart with a force of 50 N for 200
m. What is the amount of work?

Given:
Formula: W = F x d
W=?
F= 50 N
= 50 N x 200 m
D= 200 m = 10,000 J
2. Jack put on his bag-pack weight 12 N. He then starts
running on level ground from 100 m before he started to
climb up a ladder up a height of 10 m. How much work
was done?

Given: Formula: W = F x d
W=? = 12 N x 100 m
F = 12 N
= 1,200 J
d = 100 m
FORMULA FOR WORK
b. Net work done by a constant force
FORMULA FOR WORK
b. Net work done by a constant force

W = F cos  d
1. What is work done by a 60 N force in dragging the
bag a distance of 50 m when the force is transmitted
by a handle making an angle of 30o with the
horizontal?
Given:
W=? Formula: W = F cos  d
o
= (60 N)(cos 30 )(50m)
F = 60 N
d = 50 m = 2598.1 J
2. Mandy used a horizontal force of 25 N to push a
cart on a ramp which is 10m long at an angle of 30o
above the horizontal. What work is done?
Given:
Formula: W = F cos  d
W=?
= (25 N)(cos 30 o)(10m)
F = 25 N
d = 10 m = 216.51 J
 FORMULA FOR WORK
c. Work done against gravity

W = mg x h
W= work
m= mass of the object
g= local acceleration 9.8m/s2
h= height of the object from its original position
1. How much work is done lifting a 40 lbs.
baggage to a shelf 5.5 ft high?
Given:
W=? Formula: W = mgh
m= 40 lb 2
= (40 lbs.) )(9.8m/s )(5.5ft)
h=5.5 ft
= 2,156 J
2. You lift a 2 liter bottle of a cola from grocery bag on the
floor to refrigerator shelf that is 0.8 m high. If the bottle has
a mass of 2.02 kg, how much work did you do against the
gravity?
Given: Formula: W = mgh
m= 2.02 kg = (2.02 kg)(9.8m/s2)(0.8m)
g= 9.8 m/sec2
= 15.84 J
Height= 0.8 m
POWER (Watt)
The rate at which work is done.
The amount of energy transferred or converted per unit
time.
FORMULA IN POWER
𝑾 (𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌)
𝑷(𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓) =
𝒕 (𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆)
UNITS FOR POWER
1 J/s = 1 watt
1 kw = 1000 watt
1 hp = 746 watts / 550 ft/s
1. A tired squirrel (mass of approximately 1 kg) does
push-ups by applying a force to elevate its center-of-
mass by 5 cm in order to do a mere 0.50 Joule of work.
If the tired squirrel does all this work in 2 seconds, then
determine its power.

Given: Formula: P = W/t

P=? = 0.50 J/ 2 sec
W = 0.50 J
= 0.25 watts
t = 2 sec
2. A 100-watt light bulb was installed in physics
lab, determine the amounts of energy it uses per
hour.

Given: Formula: P = W/t

P = 100 watts = 100 J/s
W = P.t
W=?
t = 1 hr (3600 sec) = (100 J/s)(3600 sec)
= 360,000 J
3. A force of 30N was applied in dragging chair
horizontal frictionless floor through a distance of 10
meters for 3 seconds. What is the average power?
Given: 𝑾 (𝑭. 𝒅)
𝑷(𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓) =
P=? 𝒕 (𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆)
W= ? 𝟑𝟎 𝑵 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝒎
𝑷(𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓) =
F = 30 N 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑱
d= 10 m 𝑷(𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓) =
𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄
t = 3 sec
𝑷 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔
4.A 20 kg crate is lifted 200 m above the ground in 5 minutes.
a.How much work is required to lift it 200 m into the air?
b.What is the average power exerted on the crate?
Given: W=? P=? m= 20 kg d= 200 m t= 5min=300s

Formula: W= mgh
= (20 kg) (9.8 m/s2)(200m)
= 39,200 J
Formula: P= W / t
= 39,200 J / 300 sec
= 130.67 watts
ENERGY
The ability to do work
The amount of energy transferred to an object is equal to th e
work done in that object.
1.Potential energy (PE) – energy possessed
by an object because of its position.
Example:
Gravitational PE
Electromagnetic PE
Strong nuclear PE
Weak nuclear PE
 FORMULA IN ENERGY
PE= W x s

PE= Potential energy

W= Weight
s= Distance/ length/ height
1. What is the PE of a 2.1 lb stone hoisted at the
window of CAS building 38 ft high?
Given:
PE = ? Formula: PE = W.s
W= 2.1 lb = 2.1 lb (38 ft)
h= 38 ft = 79.8 ft-lbs or J
a. Gravitational Potential energy-
energy possessed by an object because of its position
relative to earth.
Example:
roller coaster
waterwheel
hydroelectric power
 Gravitational Potential Energy

GPE= mgh
m= Mass
g= Local acceleration
h= Height
b.Elastic potential energy- energy store
in any deformable body such as spring or rubber bands.

EPE = ½ kx2

k= F/x (force constant spring)

x= length or distance of elongation or compression
k= F/x (force constant spring)

k=F/x
Force required to compress

F=kx
1.Oliver uses a coiled spring on his daily exercise. If he
requires force of 60 N to compress the spring by 0.25m,
determine the following:
a.The force constant of the spring
b.The force required to compress the spring to 0.50 m
c.The PE when the spring is compressed to 0.50 m
Given:
EPE = ½ kx2 F= 60 N
s= 0.25 m
 a. The force constant of the spring
Given:
F= 60 N
s= 0.25 m
Formula: k=F/x
= 60 N / 0.25 m
= 240 N/m
b. The force required to compress the spring
to 0.50 m
Given:
F= 240 N/m
s= 0.50 m
Formula: F=kx
= 240 N/m(0.50 m)
= 120 N
c. The PE when the spring is compressed to
0.50 m
Given:
F= 240 N/m
s= 0.50 m
Formula: EPE = 1/2 kx 2
= ½ (240 N/m)(0.50 m) 2
2
= 120 N/m (0.25m )
= 30 J
2. Kinetic energy- energy possessed by
an object at motion.
Example:
Mechanical energy
Thermal energy
Electric energy
Electromagnetic energy
 Kinetic Energy
KE= ½ mv 2

m= mass
v= velocity
1.Calculate the KE of 1200 kg car which is
moving at 40 km/hr.

Given: Formula: KE= 1/2mv2

KE = ? = ½ 1200 kg (11.11 m/s)2
m= 1200 kg = 600 kg (123.4321m/s 2)
v= 40 km/hr = 11.11 m/s
= 74059.26 J
3.Rest Energy (E ) 0 the energy
associated with a particle's mass.

E0 = mc2

m= mass
c= speed of light (3x108 m/s)
1.Determine the rest energy of an object
with a mass of 15g.
Given:
m= 15 g = 0.015 kg Formula: E0 = mc2
c= 3 x 108 m/s
= 0.015 kg (3x108m/s)2
= 1.35 x 1015 J