CHAPTER 16 - ENERGY TRANSFERS

I) Answer the following:

1) What is energy transfer?

Ans: Energy transfer refers to the movement of energy from one place
to another. Eg: Kinetic energy -> electrical energy; Potential energy -> kinetic
energy.
2) What are some examples of energy transformation?
Ans:
❖ The sun transfers nuclear energy into light and heat energy.
❖ Our body converts the chemical energy in our food into
mechanical energy for us to move.
❖ The electric fan transfers electrical energy into kinetic
energy.
❖ A lightning converts electrical energy into light, heat and
sound energy.

3) If you are wearing a watch, what changes are taking place in it right
now?
Ans: The stored chemical energy in the battery is converted into kinetic
energy.

4) Explain the energy transfer which enables us to see the word when we
read a book?
Ans: We read the book by an electrical light where, the electrical
energy is transferred into light energy which enables us to see.
 5) A pendulum is used to demonstrate the law of conservation of energy.
State the law of conservation of energy.
Ans: The law of conservation of energy states that, “energy can neither
be created nor destroyed. It can only be converted from one form to another”.

6) What are the energy transfers that takes place when a seed
germinates?
Ans: When a seed germinates its skin breaks open and the tip of the
root pops out. Energy stored inside the seed is used as the root grows and
seeks out water. Stored energy is also used by the growing shoot. The shoot
grows out through the soil and eventually reaches the surface. Energy from
below, in the seed, is used as the shoot sends our leaves.

7) How does a bicycle dynamo work?

Ans: A bicycle dynamo is an electrical device which can be located in
the hub of a wheel (hub dynamo) or clamped onto the bicycle frame close to a
tyre (bottle or sidewall dynamo). The bottle dynamo has a wheel on top which
can be made to touch the tyre. When the dynamo wheel is in contact with the
tyre it rotates as the cycle wheel turns. Inside the dynamo the magnet turns
and its field sweeps through the wires, generating an electric current that
lights the bicycle's lamp.

8) Draw some examples of energy transfers.

Ans:
❖ A: Releasing a catapult.

Strain energy → Catapult → Kinetic energy

❖ Burning gas in a Bunsen burner.

Stored chemical energy → Bunsen Burner →Light, heat energy
 ❖ Blowing up a balloon.

Kinetic energy → Balloon → Strain energy

❖ Taking a photograph.

Light energy → Camera → Chemical energy

9) Draw a Sankey diagram for a light bulb that has an energy input of 100
J and an energy output of 10 J of light 90 J of heat energy.
Ans:

Useful output light energy 10 J

Energy input
100 J

Wasted output
Heat energy
90 J