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Projectile Motion
Lesson #2
 Objectives
• Understand the projectile motion
• Can cite an examples of projectile motion
• Can show that PM is a combination of uniform motion
and uniformly accelerated motion
• Can solve the problems on PM
 Review
• Uniform accelerated motion (UAM) horizontally and
vertically
• Defined physics and its branches –
• the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of
matter and energy.
• Defined motion and the 3 laws of motion –
• Define as a continuous change of position with respect to a certain
frame of reference
 Kinematic Equation of UAM
𝑣𝑥 𝑓 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑣𝑦 𝑓 = 𝑣𝑦 𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡
𝑉𝑥𝑓−𝑉𝑥𝑖 𝑉𝑦𝑓−𝑉𝑦𝑖
x= ( )𝑡 y= ( )𝑡
2 2
1 2 1 2
x = 𝑣𝑖𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑖𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡
2 2
2 2
𝑣𝑥𝑓 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 + 2𝑎 x 𝑣𝑦𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 2 + 2𝑔 y
 Projectile Motion
• How will you describe a
basketball being thrown by a
player in a game?
• A leaping frog?
• Playing soccer?
• what do they have in
common?
• Note that they follow a curve
path – projectile motion
 Projectile Motion
• Galileo first described projectile motion as
having two components:
• Horizontal components – is a uniform motion
• Vertical components – free fall
 Projectile Motion
• This kind of motion, the moving body is called Projectile
• It refers to any object that is thrown, launched, or otherwise
projected so that once released, if air is neglected, its path is affected
only by Earth’s gravity
• The curve path traveled by the projectile motion is called the
TRAJECTORY which is parabolic in shape
 Projectile Motion
• Projectile is affected only the Earth’s gravity, like in basketball, the ball
becomes a projectile only when it leaves the hand of the player
• Therefore, the only acceleration present is along the vertical, which is
the acceleration d/t gravity −9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
• This means that a projectile motion could be considered as a
combination of 2 motions:
• Vertical free fall (y axis)
• Horizontal motion (x axis)
• This 2 motion can be treated independently of each other
 Kinematic Equation
Horizontal Vertical
Acceleration ax = 0 ay = g
Velocity Vox = vocos Voy = vosin
Vx = vox Vy = voy + gt
dy = voyt + ½ gt2
Displacement dx = voxt
𝑣𝑦 2 − 𝑣𝑜𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 =
2𝑔
 Kinematic Equation
• vo = initial velocity
• voy = initial horizontal velocity
• vox = initial vertical velocity
• vx = instantaneous horizontal velocity
• vy= instantaneous vertical velocity
•  = the angle of projection
• dx = horizontal distance
• dy = vertical distance
 The following sign convention shall be used
• Distance above the origin are positive, while
distance below the origin are negative
• Upward velocities are positive, downward
velocities are negative
• Acceleration d/t gravity, g, is always negative.
The origin is the point of release
 Horizontally thrown Projectile
• When an object is launched horizontally, such as
the ball thrown horizontally off a building, the
 angle of projection is zero
• The initial velocity of the object is its initial
horizontal velocity Vx = vox
• Because the horizontal acceleration is zero, the
horizontal velocity remains constant ax = 0
• this velocity is also the object’s final horizontal
velocity, as well as its average horizontal velocity
• furthermore, the initial vertical velocity of the
object is zero
Formula for Projectile motion without angle
 Example
• A marble rolls off the edge of a tabletop with an initial speed of 15 m/s.
in 0.50 sec, how far does it travel (a) vertically (b) horizontally?
• Given data:
• vo = 15 m/s vo = 15 m/s

• =0
• t = 0.50 sec
 Example
• A marble rolls off the edge of a tabletop with an initial speed of 15 m/s.
in 0.50 sec, how far does it travel (a) vertically (b) horizontally?
• First:
• solve for vox and voy vo = 15 m/s

• Vox = vocos ; Voy = vosin

• Vox = (15 m/s)(cos 0) = 15m/s
• Voy = (15 m/s)(sin 0) = 0 m/s
 Example
• A marble rolls off the edge of a tabletop with an initial speed of 15 m/s.
in 0.50 sec, how far does it travel (a) vertically (b) horizontally?
• Second
• solve for vo = 15 m/s vo = 15 m/s
• Horizontal and
• Vertical Displacement
• dx = voxt

-1.23m
• dy = voyt + ½ gt2
• dx = (15m/s)(0.50 sec) = 7.5 m
• dy = (0m/s)(0.50 s) + ½(−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(0.50 𝑠)2
= -1.23 m 7.5 m
 Example
• A marble rolls off the edge of a tabletop at a distance of 12 m from the
base of the tabletop. what is its initial speed if the tabletop is 5 m tall?
Given:
• Dy = 5 m
vo = 15 m/s vo = ?
• Dx = 12 m
• Vo = ?
2(5 𝑚)
• 𝑡 2 =√ = 1.010 s

5m
9.8𝑚/𝑠 2

12 𝑚
• v= = 11.88 m/s
1.010 𝑠
12 m
 Practice
• A marble rolls off horizontally from the edge of a tabletop 1.50 m
above the floor. It strikes the floor 2.0 m from the base of the table.
• How long does it take the marble to reach the floor?
• What is its initial speed?
Given data: vo = ?
dx = 2.0 m
dy = 1.50 m

1.5 m
t=?
Vo = ?
t=?

2.0 m
 Practice
Given data:
• dx = 2.0 m
• dy = 1.50 m
• t=?
• Vo = ? vo = ?
2 1.50𝑚
• 𝑡2 = = 0.55 𝑠

1.5 m
9.8𝑚/𝑠 2

2.0 𝑚
• v= = 3.66 m/s t=?
0.55 𝑠

2.0 m
 Practice
An object is projected horizontally at 8.0 m/s from the top of a 122.5 m cliff.
How far from the base of the cliff will the object strike the ground? How long
does it take the object to reach the floor?
Given data:
• dx = ?
• dy = 122.5 m
• t=?
• Vox = 8 m/s

122.5 m
2 2 122.5𝑚
•𝑡 = =5𝑠
9.8𝑚/𝑠 2
t=?
• dx = (8m/s)(5s) = 40m
?
 Practice
A ball is thrown horizontally from the roof of a building 50 m tall and lands 45 m
from the base. What was the ball’s initial speed?
Given data:
• dx = 45 m
• dy = 50 m
• Vo = ?

2 50 𝑚
𝑡2 = = 3.19 s

122.5 m
9.8𝑚/𝑠 2

45 𝑚 t=?
v= = 14.107 m/s
3.19 𝑠

?
Formula for Projectile motion without angle
 Projectile launched with Angle
• if the projectile is launched at an angle
either below or above the horizontal, we
need to resolve the initial velocity into its
horizontal and vertical components
• a projectile fired at an angle  above the
horizontal rises to a maximum height
before it descends.
• it finally lands at a horizontal distance
from its launching point – range – which
is measured on the assumption that the
projectile returns to the same level from
which it is fired
 Projectile launched at an Angle
• a projectile thrown up at an angle with
the horizontal exhibits time and speed
symmetries.
• time symmetry means that the time for
the projectile to reach maximum height
equals the time for it to land on the same
level as its starting point.
• speed symmetry shows that the speed of
the projectile at any height above the
starting point on its way up is equal to its
speed at the same height on the way
down
 Projectile launched at an Angle
• The absolute value of the
angle that these speeds make
with the horizontal are also
equal
• however, the velocities of
horizontal and vertical
components are not equal
because they point in
opposite directions
 Projectile launched at an Angle
2𝑣𝑖 sin  • Vy = voy + gt
• tf =
𝑔
• 𝑅 = voxt
𝑣𝑖 2 sin(2 sin 𝜃)
•𝑅 = 𝑣𝑦 2 −voy2
𝑔 •𝑑𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑣𝑖 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2  2𝑔
•𝑑𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝑔
(dymax represent the maximum height)
 Example
• An object is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 24.5
m/s at 30 degree above the horizontal. Find the;
a) horizontal and vertical components of its initial velocity
b) time to reach the max height
c) time of flight
d) max height attained by the object
e) speed at the max height
f) range
g) velocity upon striking the ground
Vo = 24.5 m/s
 = 30
• Given data: Vo = 24.5 m/s ;  = 30 degree
 Example
• An object is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 24.5 m/s
at 30 degree above the horizontal. Find the;
Given data: Vo = 24.5 m/s ;  = 30 degree
a) horizontal and vertical components of its
initial velocity
1st – solve the voy and vox
vox = vocos
vox = (24.5)(cos 30)
= 21.2 m/s Vo = 24.5 m/s
voy = vosin  = 30
voy = 24.5)(sin 30)
= 12.3 m/s
 Example
• An object is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 24.5 m/s at 30 degree above the
horizontal. Find the;
• Given data: Vo = 24.5 m/s ;  = 30 degree
b) time to reach the max height

Vy = voy + gt Vy = 0

𝑣𝑦 −𝑣𝑜𝑦
t=
𝑔

we know that for vertical component

Vo =
that the highest point is Vy = 0
0 = 12.3 m/s + (−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )𝑡
0 − 12.3 𝑚/𝑠
t= −9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
t = 1.26 s
 Example
• An object is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 24.5
m/s at 30 degree above the horizontal. Find the;
• Given data: Vo = 24.5 m/s ;  = 30 degree
Vy = 0
c) time of flight
because of time symmetry, the time to
reach the highest point is equal to
the time required to fall to the same Vo =

distance.
therefore, the time of flight is 2(1.3 s)
= 2.6 sec
 Example
• An object is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 24.5
m/s at 30 degree above the horizontal. Find the;
• Given data: Vo = 24.5 m/s ;  = 30 degree
Vy = 0
d) max height attained by the object
𝑣𝑦 2 −voy2
dymax =
2𝑔
Vo =
(dymax represent the maximum height)

7.7 m
(0)2 −(12.3 𝑚/𝑠)2
dymax =
2∗ −9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2

dymax = 7.7 m
 Example
• An object is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 24.5
m/s at 30 degree above the horizontal. Find the;
• Given data: Vo = 24.5 m/s ;  = 30 degree
e) speed at the max height Vy = 0

✓ at the max height, only the vertical velocity

is zero.
✓ the horizontal component of the velocity is Vo =
equal to the horizontal component of the

7.7 m
initial velocity,
✓ which is vox = 21.2 m/s
✓ thus, the speed at the highest point of the
trajectory is equal to vox = 21.2 m/s
 Example
• An object is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 24.5
m/s at 30 degree above the horizontal. Find the;
• Given data: Vo = 24.5 m/s ;  = 30 degree
Vy = 0
f) range
• 𝑅 = voxt
m
• 𝑅 = 21.2 2.6 sec
s Vo =
• R = 55 m

7.7 m
range
 Example
• An object is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 24.5
m/s at 30 degree above the horizontal. Find the;
• Given data: Vo = 24.5 m/s ;  = 30 degree
Vy = 0

g) velocity upon striking the ground

invoking speed symmetry, we can they say
that the velocity of the object when it reaches Vo = Vo = -24.5 m/s
the ground is -24.5 m/s at 30 degrees with the

7.7 m
horizontal

range
 Horizontal and Vertical Components
of Projectile Motion
Horizontal Vertical
Acceleration ax = 0 ay = g
Velocity Vox = vocos Voy = vosin
Vx = vox Vy = voy + gt
dy = voyt + ½ gt2
Displacement dx = voxt
𝑣𝑦 2 − 𝑣𝑜𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 =
2𝑔