Physics Unit 2

Motion in One and Two Dimensions

Engr. Laurenz Junelle M. Oyardo

Topics Overview
• Motion and Kinematics
• Kinematic Equations
• Free Falling Objects
• Projectile Motion
• Rotational Kinematics
Motion
• Involves the displacement of an
object from one location to another
• An easy way to measure this is to set
up an appropriate coordinate system.
This coordinate system provides the
frame of reference for the system
under study
Kinematics
• Deals only on the nature of motion
without taking into consideration the
causes of motion
Terminologies:
• Displacement – is the change of
position of a body
Δx = -
Note: For straight line motion, when
there is no change in direction of the
motion of an object, distance traveled of
the object is equal to its displacement
Terminologies
• Velocity (v) – is the rate of change of
position
• Acceleration (a) – is the rate of
change of velocity per unit of time.
Terminologies
• Average Velocity – is defined as the
particles displacement Δx divided by
the time interval during which that
displacement occurs
Average Velocity = =
Terminologies
• Average Speed – total distance
travelled divided by the total time
interval required to travel that
distance
Average Speed =
• Rectilinear Motion – refers to a
motion in along a straight path
Kinematics Equations for Motion of a Particle under a Constant
Acceleration

• =

• =
• = ()t
• If velocity is constant
Derivation of Equations using Calculus
Derivation of Equations using Calculus
Derivation of Equations using Calculus
Sample Problems #1
The makers of a certain automobile
advertise that it will accelerate from 15
mph to 50 mph in 13 seconds.
Compute:
a. The acceleration in
b. The distance the car travels in this
time
Solution
a. x = 22
x x = 73.3333

3.9487
Solution
b. Δx=+
Δx=(22ft/s)(13s) + (3.9487)(
Δ𝐱=𝟔𝟏𝟗.𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟐 𝐟𝐭
Sample Problems #2
A subway train starts from rest and
accelerates at 4 for 10 seconds, it then
run at constant speed for 30 seconds
and decelerates at the rate of 8 until it
stops at the next station. Find the
distance covered
Solution:
Sample Problem #3
• The motion of a particle is given by
the equation where x is in ft. and t is
in seconds. Compute the velocity and
acceleration when t = 2 sec.
Solution:
v=
v = () at t = 2 sec
v=
v = 8(2
v = 70
Solution:
a=
a = () at t = 2 sec
a = 24
a = 24
a=9
Free Falling Bodies
• We do not necessarily refer to an
object dropped from rest. A free
falling object is an object moving
freely under the influence of gravity
alone regardless of its initial motion
Equations:

• =
Remarks:
• The equations that we will use in solving free
falling motion is almost the same in kinematics
equation for straight line motion, the only
difference is we change the acceleration to
acceleration due to gravity (the sign is minus
sign because acceleration due to gravity is
directed vertically downward and it has a value
of 9.8 m/s² or 32.2 ft/s²).
• Δy is the vertical change in position, Δy = yf –
yi.
• Direction is important, velocity directly upward is
positive and negative for downward motion.
Sample Problem #1
A stone thrown from the top of a building is given
an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s straight upward. The
stone is launched 50.0 m above the ground, and
the stone just misses the edge of the roof on its
way down. Find:
a. The time at which the stone reaches its
maximum height
b. The maximum height of the stone
c. The velocity of the stone when it returns to
the height from which it was thrown
d. The velocity and position of the stone at t=5
sec
Illustration:
Solution:
Solution:
Projectile Motion
• Projectile motion is the motion of an
object thrown or projected into the
air, subject to only acceleration of
gravity. The object is called projectile,
and its path is called its trajectory
Projectile Motion
• Projectile problems can be solved
easily if air resistance is negligible.
One simply considers the motion to
consists two independent pairs:
horizontal motion with a = 0 and
vertical motion with a = g = 9.81
downward
Projectile Motion
Projectile Motion
Sample Problem #1
• A basketball player is standing on the floor 10.0 m
from the basket as shown in figure. The height of the
basket is 3.05 m, and he shoots the ball at a 40.0°
angle with the horizontal from a height of 2.00 m. At
what speed must the player throw the basketball so
that the ball goes through the hoop without striking
the backboard?
Solution:
Rotational Kinematics
• Investigates laws of motion of objects
along circular path without any
reference to force that cause the
motion to change
Angular displacement ()
• Is usually expressed in radians, degrees
or in revolutions.
• 1 rev = 360 = 2∏ rad
• One radian is the angle subtended at
the center of a circle by an arc equal in
length of the radius of the circle. The
radian measure of an angle is a
dimensionless number
Angular Speed ()
• Angular speed of an object whose
axis of rotation is fixed is the rate at
which its angular displacement
changes with time
Angular Acceleration ()
• Angular acceleration of an object
whose axis of rotation is fixed is the
rate at which its angular speed
changes with time
Equations for uniformly accelerated rotational motion

• (for uniform angular velocity)

Relationship between Angular and Tangential Quantities
Sample Problems
A wheel rotates with constant angular
acceleration of 3.50
a. If the angular speed of the wheel is
2rad/s through what angular
displacement does the wheel rotate in 2
secs
b. Through how many revolutions has the
wheel turned during this time interval
c. What is the angular speed of the wheel
at time of 2 secs
Solution