Work, Energy and Power

Work
Work is defined as the integral of the
force over a distance of displacement.
In the case of a constant force, work
is the scalar product of the force
acting on an object and the
displacement caused by that force.
Though both force and displacement
are vector quantities, work has no
direction due to the nature of a
scalar product in vector
mathematics.
For Work to be done, Three
Conditions Must be Met

There must be a force acting on the

object.
The object has to move a certain
distance called displacement.
There must be a component of the
force in the direction of the motion.
Work (force is parallel to
distance)

Work (Joule) = force (N) x distance (m)

Work (force at angle to
distance)

Work (Joule) = force (N) x distance (m) x

cos (angle)
 Gravitational Potential
Energy

After an object has been lifted to a

height, work is done.
PE = W= F x d= mgh/d
PE/W = mgh/d
Work Calculations

W=F x d W=F x d cos 300 W= F x d

=100N X 5m = 100N X 5m X .87 =15Kg(9.8m/s2) X 5m
=500 J = 433 J = 735 J
 Kinetic Energy Calculation

The energy of motion

KE = W= F x d= mgh=1/2 mv^2
KE/W = 1/2 mv^2
 Problem 1

A 67 N force is required to move a

18kg object a horizontal distance of
9m at constant speed. Determine the
work done.
 Problem 2

A 118 N force is applied at an angle of

45 degrees to the horizontal to move
a 55kg object at a constant speed for
horizontal distance of 12m. Calculate
the work done.
 Problem 3

How much work is done by an applied

force to lift a 15 N block 3m vertically
at a constant speed?
 Problem 4

A student with a mass of 80kg runs up

three flights of stairs in 12 seconds.
The student has gone a vertical
distance of 8m. Determine the amount
of work done by student to elevate his
body to this height.
 Problem 5

Compute for the work done on a 45kg

sack of rice that is lifted to height of
30ft.
 Problem 6

A carpenter uses a rope to pull a crate

across a floor with a force of 430 N
and moves it at a distance of 11 yards.
How much work is done if the rope is
held at an angle of 25 degrees with the
floor?
 Problem 7

How much potential energy is lost by

a 5Kg object to kinetic energy due a
decrease in height of 4.5 m
 Problem 8

Find the kinetic energy of an 16 Kg

object moving at 7m/s.
 Power

Power means the rate of doing work.

Power is also associated with
machines. It indicates the rate at which
machines can do work upon other
objects.
 Power

Power = work done/time

Unit of power is Watt.
One horsepower (Hp) = 746 W
One kilowatt (KW) = 1000 W
 Problem 1

A 5 Kg Cart is pushed by a 30 N force

against friction for a distance of 10m in
5 seconds. Determine the Power
needed to move the cart.
 Problem 2

During the Powerhouse lab, Jerome

runs up the stairs, elevating his 102kg
body a vertical distance of 2.29 meters
in a time of 1.32 seconds at a constant
speed. How much power will he
develop?
 Problem 3

A machine produces a force of 75 N

through a distance of 320m in 6s. a)
How much work is done? b) What is
the power of the machine in watts? c)
In kilowatts?
 Problem 4

A jet engines develops a thrust of

3x10^4 N. When the plane is flying at
450m/s, what power in kilowatts is
developed?
 Problem 5

A 180-lb athlete runs up a ramp 15ft in

4.5 seconds. Find his minimum power
output hp.
 Problem 6

A crane lifts 1800kg load metals to a

distance of 15m in 20 seconds. How
much power is used in delivering the
load?
References:
Engr Heide De Guzman Physics Laboratory
and Lecture Manual
www.slideshare.com